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B2 verb 12분 분량

délibérer

예시
설명 délibérer in your Level:
At the A1 level, you won't use the word 'délibérer' very much because it is quite formal and specific. However, it is useful to know that it simply means 'to talk together to make a choice.' Think of it as a very serious version of 'discuter' (to talk). In English, we have the word 'deliberate,' which sounds very similar. At this stage, just remember that if you see this word in a movie about a court or a courtroom, it means the people are talking about whether someone is guilty or not. You might see it in a simple sentence like 'Ils délibèrent' (They are talking/deciding). Don't worry about using it in your own speech yet; just focus on recognizing it as a formal way of saying 'deciding together.' It's a regular -er verb, so it conjugates just like 'parler' or 'manger.' For example: 'je délibère', 'tu délibères', 'il délibère'. Even at A1, knowing that 'dé-' often starts verbs can help you start breaking down longer words. Just remember: it's about a group making a plan or a decision after a lot of talking. It is not about doing something on purpose, which is what the English word 'deliberately' often means. Focus on the 'group' aspect.
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At the A2 level, you can start to understand 'délibérer' as a word used in official contexts. You might see it in news headlines or in simple stories about a town council or a school board. It's a step up from 'discuter' because it implies that the discussion has a goal: a decision. You can use it to describe what a jury does in a movie: 'Le jury va délibérer' (The jury is going to deliberate). This is a good time to learn that it often takes the preposition 'sur' (on/about). For example, 'Le groupe délibère sur le projet' (The group is deliberating on the project). You should also be careful not to confuse it with 'libérer' (to free). At A2, you are starting to see more 'false friends' and similar-sounding words, so making a mental note that 'délibérer' is about 'scales' (weighing ideas) while 'libérer' is about 'freedom' is very helpful. You might also encounter the noun 'une délibération' (a deliberation/discussion). If you hear 'La délibération est finie,' it means the meeting is over and the decision has been made. Try to use it in very formal role-play situations, like a mock business meeting or a classroom decision, to get used to its serious tone.
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By the B1 level, you should be able to use 'délibérer' in more specific contexts, especially when talking about work or social issues. You understand that this verb is not just about 'thinking,' but about a formal process of evaluation. You can use it in the passé composé: 'Nous avons délibéré pendant deux heures' (We deliberated for two hours). You should also start using adverbs to describe the deliberation, such as 'délibérer longuement' (to deliberate for a long time) or 'délibérer sérieusement' (to deliberate seriously). This level is where you start to distinguish between 'réfléchir' (individual thinking) and 'délibérer' (often collective or formal weighing of options). If you are writing an essay about a social problem, you might write, 'Le gouvernement doit délibérer sur cette question' (The government must deliberate on this issue). This shows you have a grasp of the formal register. You should also be aware of the phrase 'mettre en délibéré,' which you might hear in news reports about legal cases. It means the judge has heard all the arguments and is now taking time to think before giving the verdict. This level is all about expanding your vocabulary beyond the most basic verbs like 'faire' and 'dire'.
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At the B2 level, 'délibérer' is a word you should feel comfortable using in professional and academic settings. You understand the nuances of the word, including its legal and political implications. You know that it is an intransitive verb that can be followed by 'sur' or 'de'. You can use it to describe complex decision-making processes: 'Après avoir délibéré des avantages et des inconvénients, le comité a tranché.' This sentence shows you can link 'délibérer' with other high-level verbs like 'trancher' (to decide/to cut). You are also aware of the 'secret du délibéré,' which is the legal principle that discussions in a jury or among judges must stay secret. This level requires you to understand the register of the word; it is formal and suggests authority. If you use it in a casual conversation with friends about where to go for a drink, you are probably being ironic or humorous. You should also be able to recognize the word in complex texts about history or philosophy, where it often refers to the exercise of free will or the functioning of a democratic assembly. Your ability to use 'délibérer' correctly in a formal letter or a professional presentation is a key indicator of your B2 proficiency.
At the C1 level, you have a deep understanding of the historical and philosophical weight of 'délibérer.' You can use it in its most abstract sense, such as in philosophical debates about 'le libre arbitre' (free will) and how the mind 'délibère' before taking an action. You are familiar with literary uses of the word, where an individual might be described as 'délibérant en son âme et conscience' (deliberating in their soul and conscience). You can use the word with precision in legal or administrative French, understanding the difference between a 'délibération' (the act of discussing) and the resulting 'acte' or 'décision.' You are also aware of the nuances between 'délibérer,' 'se concerter,' and 'conférer,' and you choose the right one based on the specific type of consultation occurring. For example, you would use 'conférer' for a private meeting between two experts, but 'délibérer' for a formal assembly. Your vocabulary is rich enough to use the word in the subjunctive or other complex tenses without hesitation: 'Il est impératif que nous délibérions avant que la situation ne s'aggrave.' At this level, you are not just using the word; you are wielding it to convey a specific sense of institutional gravity and intellectual rigor.
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At the C2 level, 'délibérer' is part of your mastery of the French language's most formal and technical registers. You can analyze the word's etymology and its evolution from the Latin 'libra' to the modern legal concept of 'le délibéré.' You are comfortable reading 18th-century texts by Montesquieu or Rousseau where the 'pouvoir délibérant' (the deliberative power) of the people is discussed. You can engage in high-level legal or political discourse where the procedural nuances of how an assembly 'délibère' are crucial. You understand the subtle irony of using such a heavy word in a low-register context and can use it for stylistic effect in your writing. You might use the noun 'délibératif' as an adjective (e.g., 'une voix délibérative') to describe someone who has the right to vote in a meeting, as opposed to someone who is just there to listen ('une voix consultative'). Your command of the word is absolute, allowing you to use it in everything from a formal legal brief to a sophisticated piece of literary criticism. You understand that 'délibérer' is not just a verb, but a cornerstone of the French conceptualization of justice, democracy, and rational thought.
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예시
The French verb délibérer is a sophisticated term that goes far beyond the simple act of thinking. At its core, it refers to the process of weighing various options, often within a collective or formal setting, to reach a definitive conclusion or judgment. This word is deeply rooted in the concept of balance and measurement, derived from the Latin deliberare, which itself comes from libra (scales). When a group of people délibère, they are figuratively placing arguments on a scale to see which side carries more weight. In modern French, it is most frequently encountered in legal, political, and professional environments. For instance, after a trial, the jury retires to a private room to discuss the evidence and decide on a verdict; this specific period and action are described as le délibéré.
Formal Context
Used primarily in legal and governmental proceedings where a collective decision is required after thorough discussion.

Le jury a passé plusieurs heures à délibérer avant de rendre son verdict final dans cette affaire complexe.

Beyond the courtroom, you will hear this word in corporate boardrooms where directors must délibérer on a potential merger or a change in company policy. It suggests a level of gravity and seriousness; one does not délibérer about what to have for lunch unless it is a matter of state protocol. The word implies that the stakes are high and that every word spoken during the process is intended to refine the final outcome. In historical contexts, the term was central to the development of democratic institutions in France, particularly during the Revolution, where the right to délibérer in public assemblies was a hard-won victory for the people.
Collective Action
The verb usually involves multiple parties sharing viewpoints to find a consensus or a majority decision.

Le conseil municipal doit délibérer sur le nouveau plan d'urbanisme de la ville.

Understanding this word requires recognizing the difference between a simple chat and a formal deliberation. A chat is informal and without a specific procedural goal, whereas a deliberation follows rules—sometimes legal ones—and must result in a decision. This distinction is vital for B2 learners who are moving into professional or academic French where precision in describing decision-making processes is expected.
Legal Weight
In French law, 'le secret du délibéré' is a fundamental principle ensuring that judges' discussions remain confidential.

Les magistrats se sont retirés pour délibérer à huis clos.

Il est interdit de divulguer ce qui a été dit pendant que le comité était en train de délibérer.

Après avoir délibéré longuement, la commission a rejeté la proposition de loi.

Using délibérer correctly involves understanding its transitivity and the prepositions that typically follow it. Most commonly, it is used as an intransitive verb (without a direct object) or with the prepositions sur or de. When you use délibérer sur, you are specifying the topic of the discussion. For example, 'Le comité délibère sur le budget.' This indicates that the budget is the central theme of their weighing process. Alternatively, délibérer de is slightly more formal and often used in legal or administrative texts, such as 'délibérer de l'ordre du jour' (to deliberate on the agenda).
Prepositional Usage
'Délibérer sur' is the standard way to introduce the subject of deliberation in most professional contexts.

Nous devons encore délibérer sur les modalités du contrat avant de signer quoi que ce soit.

In terms of sentence structure, the subject is almost always a collective noun or a plural group of people. You will see subjects like le jury, le conseil, les membres, or le tribunal. It is rare to see a singular person as the subject unless it is in a reflexive or metaphorical sense. For example, 'Il délibère avec lui-même' (He is debating with himself). In a professional setting, you might say, 'Le conseil d'administration s'est réuni pour délibérer.' This highlights the formality of the meeting.
Subject Agreement
Ensure the subject reflects a group or a formal entity capable of making a joint decision.

Les députés ont fini de délibérer et s'apprêtent à voter la nouvelle loi.

Another important aspect is the adverbial support. People often délibèrent longuement (deliberate at length), mûrement (maturely/after careful thought), or sérieusement (seriously). These adverbs emphasize the care taken during the process. Furthermore, the noun form délibération is often used in the plural (les délibérations) to refer to the ongoing discussions or the formal record of those discussions.
Adverbial Pairings
Use 'longuement' or 'mûrement' to express the depth and duration of the deliberation process.

Le jury a dû délibérer mûrement avant de prendre une décision qui changerait la vie de l'accusé.

Il est essentiel de délibérer sans passion pour rester objectif dans ce genre de situation.

Le temps imparti pour délibérer était trop court pour traiter tous les points de l'ordre du jour.

You will encounter délibérer in several specific spheres of French life. First and foremost is the legal system. If you watch a French legal drama or follow news about a high-profile trial, you will inevitably hear 'La cour se retire pour délibérer.' This is the ritualistic announcement made by the judge before the court adjourns to decide the case. In this context, the word carries the weight of the law and the gravity of justice. It signifies that the public part of the trial is over and the secret, decisive phase has begun.
Legal TV & News
Commonly heard in reports about court verdicts and judicial procedures.

Après trois jours de procès, les jurés sont enfin prêts à délibérer.

Secondly, the word is ubiquitous in French politics. From the Conseil des Ministres (the Cabinet) to the local Conseil Municipal, every formal decision-making body in France délibère. When you read political reporting in newspapers like Le Monde or Le Figaro, you will see phrases like 'Le Parlement délibère sur le projet de loi de finances.' This usage emphasizes the democratic process of debate and discussion. It reflects a culture that values structured collective reasoning over unilateral decision-making.
Political Discourse
Standard terminology in legislative and executive branches of government.

Le Sénat va délibérer sur les amendements proposés par l'opposition.

Finally, in the corporate world, délibérer is the language of the 'Conseil d'Administration' (Board of Directors). When a company faces a major strategic choice, the board must délibérer to ensure all fiduciary duties are met. It is a word of the elite, the professional, and the institutional. If you are working in a French office, you might not use it for a quick sync-up meeting, but you will certainly see it in the minutes (le procès-verbal) of a formal general assembly. It conveys that the discussion was not just a talk, but a formal act with legal or organizational consequences.
Corporate Minutes
Frequently found in formal records and official documentation of business decisions.

Les actionnaires se sont réunis pour délibérer sur la fusion proposée.

Le temps de délibérer est passé, il est maintenant temps d'agir.

La commission d'éthique a été convoquée pour délibérer sur ce cas litigieux.

One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make with délibérer is confusing it with the English adjective 'deliberate' (intentional). While they share a root, the French verb does not mean 'to do something on purpose.' To say 'He did it deliberately,' you would use the adverb exprès or délibérément, but not the verb délibérer. The verb is strictly about the process of discussion and weighing options.
False Friend Confusion
Do not use the verb to mean 'intentional'. Use 'faire exprès' for that meaning.

Incorrect: Il a délibéré de casser le vase. (He deliberated to break the vase.) Correct: Il a fait exprès de casser le vase.

Another common error is confusing délibérer with libérer (to free). Because they sound similar and share the 'liber' string, beginners often mix them up. Remember: délibérer has that extra 'de' at the beginning and is about 'libra' (scales), not 'liber' (free). If you say 'Le juge a délibéré le prisonnier,' you are saying the judge 'discussed' the prisoner, when you probably meant 'libéré' (freed) him.
Phonetic Confusion
Be careful with the prefix 'dé-'. 'Libérer' is to set free; 'délibérer' is to weigh options.

Confusion: Le conseil a délibéré l'accès aux archives. (This means they discussed it, not that they opened it up.)

Finally, students often use délibérer when they simply mean réfléchir (to think). If you are sitting alone thinking about what to do, you are en train de réfléchir. Using délibérer in a casual, solitary context sounds overly dramatic or even slightly ridiculous, like a king talking to himself. It implies a formal process that isn't there. Save délibérer for when you are talking about committees, juries, or very serious, structured decisions.
Over-Formality
Avoid using this verb for everyday personal thoughts; use 'réfléchir' or 'penser' instead.

Incorrect: Je vais délibérer sur quel film regarder ce soir. Correct: Je vais réfléchir au film que je vais regarder.

Il ne faut pas confondre délibérer avec le simple fait de discuter sans but précis.

L'usage abusif de termes juridiques comme délibérer peut rendre votre discours trop rigide.

To enrich your French, it is helpful to know the synonyms and alternatives to délibérer, as each carries a slightly different nuance. The most common alternative is discuter, which is more general and less formal. While délibérer implies a decision must be reached, discuter can just be for the sake of talking. Another close synonym is débattre. A debate is more confrontational; it involves opposing sides trying to win an argument, whereas a deliberation is more about collaborative weighing of options.
Délibérer vs. Débattre
'Débattre' focus on the clash of ideas; 'délibérer' focuses on the path to a shared decision.

Ils ont débattu toute la nuit sans jamais vraiment délibérer sur une solution concrète.

In very formal or diplomatic contexts, you might use conférer. This implies a high-level consultation, often between leaders or experts. For example, 'Les deux présidents ont conféré pendant une heure.' This is even more formal than délibérer and often refers to private consultations. Another useful term is se concerter, which means 'to consult with one another' or 'to act in concert.' It focuses on the coordination between people to ensure they are on the same page.
Se Concerter
Focuses on the alignment of multiple people before taking an action.

Nous devons nous concerter avant de donner notre réponse officielle au client.

Finally, the verb trancher can be seen as the opposite or the conclusion of délibérer. While délibérer is the slow process of weighing, trancher is the sharp, final act of making a decision (literally 'to slice'). A judge délibère for hours so that they can eventually trancher the matter. Understanding these relationships helps you see délibérer as part of a larger workflow of decision-making in the French language.
Trancher
The final, decisive action that follows a period of deliberation.

Après avoir délibéré, le président a enfin décidé de trancher en faveur du projet A.

Il est parfois plus facile de trancher que de délibérer indéfiniment.

La médiation permet aux parties de délibérer sans l'intervention d'un juge.

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수준별 예문

1

Nous allons délibérer ensemble.

We are going to deliberate/decide together.

Future proche: aller + infinitive.

2

Ils délibèrent sur le menu.

They are deliberating on the menu.

Present tense of a regular -er verb.

3

Le jury doit délibérer.

The jury must deliberate.

Modal verb 'devoir' + infinitive.

4

Est-ce qu'ils délibèrent encore ?

Are they still deliberating?

Interrogative with 'est-ce que'.

5

Nous ne délibérons pas aujourd'hui.

We are not deliberating today.

Negative 'ne... pas'.

6

Il délibère avec son ami.

He is deliberating with his friend.

Subject-verb agreement (3rd person singular).

7

Ils vont délibérer vite.

They are going to deliberate quickly.

Adverb placement after the verb.

8

Le groupe délibère.

The group is deliberating.

Collective noun 'le groupe' takes a singular verb.

1

Le conseil municipal va délibérer sur le nouveau parc.

The town council will deliberate on the new park.

Preposition 'sur' used to introduce the topic.

2

Les élèves délibèrent pour choisir un délégué.

The students are deliberating to choose a representative.

Preposition 'pour' indicating purpose.

3

Avez-vous délibéré sur cette question ?

Have you deliberated on this question?

Passé composé with 'avoir'.

4

Ils délibèrent toujours avant de voter.

They always deliberate before voting.

'Avant de' + infinitive.

5

Le jury a délibéré toute la nuit.

The jury deliberated all night.

Duration expressed with 'toute la nuit'.

6

Il est important de bien délibérer.

It is important to deliberate well.

Impersonal expression 'il est important de'.

7

Nous délibérons de l'avenir de l'école.

We are deliberating on the future of the school.

Preposition 'de' used in a formal context.

8

Pourquoi délibèrent-ils si longtemps ?

Why are they deliberating for so long?

Interrogative with inversion.

1

Le comité a fini de délibérer sur les candidatures.

The committee has finished deliberating on the applications.

'Finir de' + infinitive.

2

Nous devons délibérer mûrement avant de prendre une décision.

We must deliberate maturely before making a decision.

Use of the adverb 'mûrement'.

3

La direction délibère actuellement sur la stratégie de l'entreprise.

The management is currently deliberating on the company strategy.

Adverb 'actuellement' for current action.

4

Après avoir délibéré, ils ont annoncé le gagnant.

After having deliberated, they announced the winner.

Past infinitive 'après avoir délibéré'.

5

Il est interdit de délibérer en public sur ce sujet sensible.

It is forbidden to deliberate in public on this sensitive subject.

Passive/impersonal construction.

6

Le jury s'est retiré pour délibérer à huis clos.

The jury retired to deliberate behind closed doors.

Idiom 'à huis clos' (in private).

7

Ils délibéraient quand l'alarme a sonné.

They were deliberating when the alarm went off.

Imparfait for ongoing action interrupted by passé composé.

8

Nous délibérerons sur votre cas lors de la prochaine réunion.

We will deliberate on your case during the next meeting.

Future simple tense.

1

Le conseil d'administration a délibéré sur les modalités de la fusion.

The board of directors deliberated on the terms of the merger.

Formal business terminology.

2

Les juges ont mis l'affaire en délibéré.

The judges have taken the case under advisement/deliberation.

Legal idiom 'mettre en délibéré'.

3

Bien qu'ils aient délibéré longtemps, aucun consensus n'a été trouvé.

Although they deliberated for a long time, no consensus was found.

Subjunctive after 'bien que'.

4

La loi impose au jury de délibérer sans aucune influence extérieure.

The law requires the jury to deliberate without any outside influence.

Verb 'imposer' followed by 'de' + infinitive.

5

Le temps imparti pour délibérer était insuffisant pour un tel dossier.

The time allotted for deliberating was insufficient for such a file.

Adjective 'imparti' (allotted).

6

Il est essentiel que chaque membre puisse délibérer librement.

It is essential that each member can deliberate freely.

Subjunctive mood after 'il est essentiel que'.

7

Les délibérations ont été marquées par de vifs débats.

The deliberations were marked by heated debates.

Noun form 'délibérations' in the plural.

8

Le président a invité l'assemblée à délibérer sur le nouvel amendement.

The president invited the assembly to deliberate on the new amendment.

Verb 'inviter à' + infinitive.

1

Le secret du délibéré est un pilier fondamental de notre système judiciaire.

The secrecy of deliberation is a fundamental pillar of our judicial system.

Abstract noun usage in legal theory.

2

La commission a délibéré en tenant compte des enjeux géopolitiques.

The commission deliberated while taking geopolitical stakes into account.

Present participle 'en tenant compte'.

3

Il convient de délibérer sur la pertinence de ces mesures à long terme.

It is appropriate to deliberate on the relevance of these measures in the long term.

Formal expression 'il convient de'.

4

Le Sénat délibère souverainement sur les questions de défense nationale.

The Senate deliberates sovereignly on questions of national defense.

Use of the adverb 'souverainement'.

5

L'esprit délibère souvent entre le désir et le devoir.

The mind often deliberates between desire and duty.

Metaphorical/philosophical usage.

6

F

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