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B1 verb #7,000 가장 일반적인 12분 분량

esquisser

상위 7,000

연습하기 예시 노트와 팁 esquisser 30초 만에

설명 esquisser in your Level:

At the A1 level, you are just starting your French journey. The word 'esquisser' might seem a bit difficult because it is not as common as 'dessiner' (to draw). However, you can think of it as a special way to say 'to draw a quick picture'. Imagine you have a pencil and you draw only the basic shapes of a cat—ears, a tail, and a body—without the fur or eyes. That is 'esquisser'. You won't use this word every day at this level, but you might see it in a picture book or hear a teacher say it when they want you to make a rough draft of a drawing. It is a 'fancy' version of 'dessiner'. Just remember that it is an -er verb, so it follows the same rules as 'parler' (I speak -> Je parle; I sketch -> J'esquisse). Don't worry about using it in complex sentences yet; just try to recognize it when you see an artist working on a first draft.

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As an A2 learner, you are building your vocabulary beyond basic survival French. 'Esquisser' is a great word to add because it helps you describe creative activities more accurately. At this level, you should know that 'esquisser' means 'to sketch'. You might use it when talking about your hobbies. For example, if you like art, you can say 'J'aime esquisser des paysages' (I like to sketch landscapes). You can also start to learn one very common phrase: 'esquisser un sourire'. This means to give a small, faint smile. It's a very 'French' way to describe someone's reaction. Instead of just saying 'il sourit' (he smiles), saying 'il esquisse un sourire' makes you sound much more advanced. Remember that this verb always needs an object—you must be sketching 'something'. It's a regular verb, so you can easily use it in the present tense or the passé composé (J'ai esquissé).

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At the B1 level, you are becoming an independent user of French. 'Esquisser' is a key word for you because it allows you to express nuance. You should understand that 'esquisser' is not just for art; it's for 'outlining' ideas and 'hinting' at emotions. In a professional or academic setting, you can use it to talk about the first steps of a project. Instead of saying 'j'ai commencé le plan', you can say 'j'ai esquissé le plan' (I outlined the plan). This implies that the plan is a draft and is open to changes. You should also be comfortable using it to describe people's gestures and expressions in stories. If a character is unsure, they might 'esquisser un geste d'hésitation'. At this level, you should also be able to distinguish 'esquisser' from 'dessiner'. 'Dessiner' is the broad action, while 'esquisser' is the specific, preliminary stage. Mastering this distinction shows that you are moving into intermediate territory.

At the B2 level, you are expected to have a rich and varied vocabulary. 'Esquisser' should be a natural part of your lexicon, used to describe both literal and figurative outlines. You should be able to use it in complex sentence structures, such as using it in the subjunctive or with relative pronouns. For example: 'Il est important que nous esquissions les grandes lignes du contrat avant la fin de la semaine.' You should also understand the stylistic value of the word. In literature or high-level journalism, 'esquisser' provides a sense of elegance and restraint. It suggests a delicate touch. You should be able to compare it with synonyms like 'ébaucher' or 'croquer' and explain why 'esquisser' is the better choice in a given context (e.g., for a fleeting smile vs. a rough-hewn sculpture). Your ability to use 'esquisser' to describe abstract concepts, like 'esquisser une théorie' or 'esquisser un futur possible', marks your progress toward upper-intermediate fluency.

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At the C1 level, you are a proficient user of French, capable of subtle distinctions. You use 'esquisser' to convey precision and tone. You might use it to describe the 'genesis' of an idea or the 'minimalist' nature of a gesture. You are familiar with the noun 'une esquisse' and can use it in idiomatic ways. You understand that 'esquisser' can also imply a certain level of non-commitment—by only 'sketching' a plan, one avoids the rigidity of a final decision. In your writing, you use this verb to add texture to your descriptions. For example, 'L'auteur se contente d'esquisser ses personnages, laissant au lecteur le soin d'imaginer leur profondeur.' This use of 'esquisser' to mean 'to suggest without fully defining' is a hallmark of advanced French. You also recognize the word in historical and philosophical texts, where it might refer to the 'outlining' of historical movements or philosophical systems.

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At the C2 level, you have a near-native command of the language. 'Esquisser' is a tool you use with absolute precision. You understand its etymological roots and how it fits into the broader history of French art and literature. You can use it in its most abstract and metaphorical senses, perhaps in a critique of a piece of music or a complex social phenomenon. You might say, 'La symphonie ne fait qu'esquisser le thème principal avant de s'égarer dans des variations complexes.' You are also aware of the rare reflexive form, 's'esquisser', used to describe something emerging from the background or taking shape on its own: 'Une nouvelle réalité commence à s'esquisser au sein de la société.' At this level, you don't just know the word; you know its 'weight' and 'color' in a sentence, and you use it to create specific aesthetic or intellectual effects. Your use of 'esquisser' is effortless, reflecting a deep cultural and linguistic integration.

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연습하기 예시 노트와 팁

esquisser 30초 만에

Esquisser means to sketch or outline the basic form of something, either literally with a pencil or figuratively with ideas.
It is frequently used to describe fleeting facial expressions, especially 'esquisser un sourire' (to crack a faint smile).
As an -er verb, it is easy to conjugate but adds a level of elegance and precision to your French vocabulary.
It differs from 'dessiner' by focusing on the preliminary, unfinished nature of the action or the drawing.

The French verb esquisser is a sophisticated and versatile term that primarily refers to the act of creating a preliminary drawing or a rough outline. At its core, it belongs to the world of art and design, where it describes the initial stage of a creative project. However, its usage extends far beyond the canvas. In everyday French, esquisser is frequently employed metaphorically to describe the beginning of a movement, the suggestion of an emotion, or the outlining of a conceptual plan. For instance, when someone starts to smile but doesn't quite break into a full grin, they are said to esquisser un sourire. This nuance of 'beginning' or 'hinting' is what makes the word so evocative in both literature and formal conversation.

Artistic Context: In a studio, an artist might esquisser a portrait before applying oil paints. It implies speed and the capture of essential forms rather than detail.

L'architecte a pris son carnet pour esquisser les premières lignes du futur bâtiment sous les yeux de ses clients attentifs.

When you use this word, you are signaling a level of refinement in your vocabulary. It is more precise than the generic verb dessiner (to draw) because it specifically emphasizes the provisional nature of the action. It suggests that what is being presented is not the final version but a draft or a gesture. In social settings, it often describes subtle body language. If a person is hesitant, they might esquisser un geste of protest before falling silent. This subtlety is key to mastering the word's application in B1 and B2 level French communication.

Emotional Nuance: It is often used with 'sourire' (smile) or 'moue' (pout) to show a fleeting or barely visible facial expression.

Elle a semblé esquisser un mouvement de recul en voyant l'araignée sur le mur.

Furthermore, in professional contexts, esquisser is used when discussing strategies. A manager might esquisser les grandes lignes (outline the broad strokes) of a new marketing campaign during a preliminary meeting. This usage highlights the word's utility in organizational and intellectual domains. It implies that the details are yet to be filled in, but the structural foundation is being laid down. It is a verb of potential and preparation, making it an essential tool for any learner moving toward upper-intermediate proficiency.

Professional Usage: Used to describe the drafting of projects, laws, or business strategies before they are formalized.

Le ministre a commencé à esquisser les réformes nécessaires pour stabiliser l'économie nationale.

Malgré sa tristesse, il a réussi à esquisser un geste de gratitude envers ses amis.

In summary, esquisser is a verb that bridges the gap between the physical act of drawing and the abstract act of initiating. Whether you are talking about a charcoal sketch, a fleeting emotion, or a complex business plan, this word provides a layer of elegance and precision to your French. It suggests a delicate touch and a focus on the essential, rather than the exhaustive.

Using esquisser correctly requires understanding its role as a transitive verb, meaning it always takes a direct object. You are always 'esquisser-ing' something—a drawing, a smile, a plan, or a movement. It is a regular -er verb, making its conjugation straightforward for learners who are already familiar with verbs like parler or aimer. However, the sophistication of the word lies in the nouns it typically pairs with. It is rarely used for heavy, permanent actions; instead, it favors light, temporary, or foundational ones.

Grammar Tip: Always follow 'esquisser' with a noun. It cannot be used intransitively (on its own) to mean 'to sketch' in a general sense without an object.

Elle esquisse un plan de sa nouvelle maison sur une serviette en papier au restaurant.

When talking about emotions, the verb is almost always followed by indefinite articles like un or une. For example, esquisser un sourire is a fixed expression that translates to 'to crack a smile' or 'to give a faint smile.' The use of 'un' emphasizes that the smile is just one instance or a slight occurrence. Similarly, esquisser un geste de la main means to make a slight motion with the hand, perhaps to wave or to dismiss a thought. These constructions are vital for achieving a natural-sounding flow in your spoken French.

Common Objects: Common objects include: un sourire, un geste, un plan, un projet, une silhouette, un portrait, un mouvement.

Le dessinateur a pu esquisser le portrait du suspect grâce aux descriptions des témoins.

In the past tense, specifically the passé composé, the verb uses the auxiliary avoir. For instance, J'ai esquissé. This is used to describe a completed action of sketching or hinting. In the imparfait, J'esquissais, it describes an ongoing state or a repeated action in the past, often setting the scene in a narrative. Choosing between these tenses depends on whether the 'sketching' was a single event or part of the background atmosphere of your story.

Pendant que nous parlions, il esquissait distraitement des formes géométriques dans la marge de son cahier.

Finally, consider the passive voice, though it is less common. Le projet a été esquissé lors de la réunion de lundi (The project was outlined during Monday's meeting). This focuses the attention on the project rather than the person doing the sketching. Whether active or passive, esquisser remains a verb of precision and elegance, perfect for describing the early stages of any endeavor.

Reflexive Usage: The reflexive form 's'esquisser' is rare but can be used to mean 'to take shape' or 'to begin to appear'. Example: 'Une solution s'esquisse' (A solution is starting to take shape).

À travers la brume, la silhouette de la montagne commençait à s'esquisser lentement.

You will encounter esquisser in a variety of real-world French environments. In the world of fine arts, it is ubiquitous. If you visit a museum like the Louvre or the Musée d'Orsay, the descriptions of preparatory works will frequently use this verb. Art critics and historians use it to describe the genius of an artist's first thought. When you hear a guide say, L'artiste a esquissé cette œuvre en quelques minutes, they are emphasizing the spontaneity and raw talent involved in the creation.

Art Galleries: Descriptions of 'croquis' (sketches) often use 'esquisser' to explain the artist's process and initial vision.

Le guide nous a expliqué comment Monet aimait esquisser ses paysages en plein air pour capturer la lumière.

In French literature and high-quality journalism, esquisser is a favorite for describing subtle human interactions. In a novel, an author might use it to show a character's internal conflict. Instead of saying 'he smiled,' which is direct, saying il esquissa un sourire adds a layer of doubt—was the smile sincere? Was it forced? This literary quality makes the word essential for anyone reading French classics or modern prize-winning novels like those by Annie Ernaux or Patrick Modiano.

Literary Context: Authors use it to describe fleeting emotions or the 'half-actions' of characters, creating a more vivid and nuanced atmosphere.

Dans le roman, le protagoniste esquisse un geste de pardon avant de s'en aller pour toujours.

Beyond art and books, you will hear esquisser in news broadcasts and political debates. When a politician presents a new policy that is not yet fully detailed, commentators will say they are esquissant une réforme. It signals that the ideas are in the early stages of development. In business meetings, a project manager might say, Permettez-moi d'esquisser notre stratégie pour le prochain trimestre. This usage is professional and indicates that the floor is open for feedback and further refinement.

À la radio, j'ai entendu le maire esquisser les contours du nouveau parc municipal.

Lastly, in the fashion world, designers constantly esquissent. If you watch a documentary about a French fashion house like Chanel or Dior, you will see designers with their pads, quickly esquissant silhouettes of dresses. In this context, it is a word of high-energy creation and vision. Understanding where this word appears helps you recognize the 'vibe' of the conversation—usually one of creativity, subtlety, or preliminary planning.

Fashion Industry: Refers to the rapid drawing of clothing designs and runway looks before the fabric is even chosen.

Le couturier a passé la nuit à esquisser sa nouvelle collection d'automne.

One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make with esquisser is using it interchangeably with dessiner (to draw) in all situations. While they are related, dessiner is the general term for the act of drawing, whereas esquisser specifically means to draw the preliminary version. If you spend five hours on a detailed portrait, you have dessiné it, not esquissé it. Using esquisser for a finished masterpiece sounds incorrect and diminishes the effort put into the work.

Mistake 1: Misusing for Finished Work: Don't use 'esquisser' if the drawing is complete and detailed. Use 'dessiner', 'peindre', or 'réaliser' instead.

Incorrect: Il a esquissé un portrait hyper-réaliste pendant dix heures. (Better: Il a dessiné...)

Another common error is confusing esquisser with ébaucher. While they are very close synonyms, ébaucher is often used for more substantial or physical 'beginnings', like rough-hewing a sculpture or starting a large-scale construction. Esquisser is lighter and more visual or gestural. You esquissez a smile, but you ébauchez a sculpture or a long novel. Using ébaucher for a smile would sound heavy-handed and strange to a native speaker's ear.

Mistake 2: Confusing with 'Ébaucher': Remember: 'Esquisser' is for lines and gestures; 'Ébaucher' is for mass and substance.

Correct: L'artiste esquisse le dessin, puis il ébauche la statue en argile.

Learners also sometimes forget that esquisser is a transitive verb. They might try to say 'I am sketching' as Je suis en train d'esquisser without an object. In French, it is much more natural to say Je fais une esquisse or to specify what you are sketching: J'esquisse un paysage. Leaving the verb 'hanging' without an object can make the sentence feel incomplete to a French listener.

Au lieu de dire 'Il esquisse', dites 'Il esquisse quelques traits sur sa feuille'.

Finally, be careful with the spelling. Because it comes from the Italian schizzare, some learners try to put a 'z' in it or forget the double 's'. It is e-s-q-u-i-s-s-e-r. Pronunciation-wise, ensure you don't pronounce the 'u'; it is silent, simply serving to keep the 'q' sounding like a 'k'. The 'ss' makes a sharp 's' sound, not a 'z' sound. Mistaking the pronunciation can lead to confusion with other words.

Mistake 4: Spelling and Pronunciation: Spelling: Double 's' is mandatory. Pronunciation: /es.ki.se/. The 'u' is silent.

Il faut bien articuler pour ne pas confondre esquisser avec d'autres verbes similaires.

To truly master esquisser, you must understand its place within a family of related verbs. The most common alternative is ébaucher. As mentioned, ébaucher is used for the first stage of a work that requires more physical effort or scale, like a book, a symphony, or a sculpture. Esquisser is more about lines and visual hints. Another close relative is croquer. This verb specifically means to make a quick, spontaneous sketch, often of a person or a scene in the moment. Think of a 'croquis' as a very fast 'esquisse'.

Esquisser vs. Croquer: 'Esquisser' is the general term for outlining; 'Croquer' is for rapid, 'live' sketching (like 'to crunch' or 'to bite' into a scene).

Le caricaturiste a pu croquer le passant en quelques secondes, alors que l'architecte doit esquisser les plans avec soin.

In a more technical or formal context, you might use tracer. This verb means 'to draw a line' or 'to plot'. It is less artistic and more geometric or procedural. For example, tracer un cercle or tracer un itinéraire. While esquisser suggests a degree of artistic freedom or uncertainty, tracer suggests precision and following a path. In metaphorical terms, you esquissez a possibility, but you tracez a definitive path for your future.

Esquisser vs. Tracer: Use 'esquisser' for artistic or vague outlines; use 'tracer' for precise lines, maps, or fixed plans.

Elle a tracé la route sur la carte après avoir esquissé son projet de voyage.

When talking about emotions, alternatives like amorcer (to initiate/start) or suggérer (to suggest) can be used. Amorcer un sourire is very similar to esquisser un sourire, but amorcer carries a stronger sense of a process that has just begun and will likely continue. Esquisser remains the most poetic choice for fleeting expressions. In academic writing, délinéer (to delineate) is a formal synonym used to describe the precise outlining of an argument or a boundary.

Le chercheur a tenté de délinéer les causes du problème, mais il n'a pu qu'en esquisser les grandes lignes.

Finally, consider the verb projeter. While it can mean 'to project' a movie, in a creative sense, it means to plan or envision. You might esquisser a drawing of a house you projetez (plan) to build. Understanding these subtle differences allows you to choose the exact word for the shade of meaning you want to convey, elevating your French from functional to expressive.

Summary of Alternatives: - Ébaucher (for mass/start of work)
- Croquer (quick/spontaneous)
- Tracer (precise/geometric)
- Amorcer (to start a process)
- Délinéer (formal/academic outline)

Chaque verbe permet d' esquisser une nuance différente de la création.

How Formal Is It?

재미있는 사실

The Italian root 'schizzare' is also the source of the English word 'sketch' (via Dutch 'schets'). So, 'esquisser' and 'sketch' are linguistic cousins!

발음 가이드

UK /es.ki.se/

US /ɛs.ki.se/

In French, the stress is typically on the last syllable: es-ki-SE.

라임이 맞는 단어

passer aimer chanter danser manger penser travailler regarder

자주 하는 실수

Pronouncing the 'u' (it should be silent).
Pronouncing the 'ss' as a 'z' (it should be 's').
Adding an 'h' sound at the beginning.
Pronouncing the final 'r' (the 'er' ending sounds like 'é').
Confusing the first 'e' with a long 'ee' sound.

난이도

독해 3/5

Common in literature and news, but the meaning is usually clear from context.

쓰기 4/5

Requires remembering the double 's' and the silent 'u'.

말하기 3/5

Pronunciation is regular for -er verbs once the 'qui' sound is mastered.

듣기 3/5

Easy to recognize if the learner knows the word 'sketch'.

다음에 무엇을 배울까

선수 학습

dessiner un crayon un plan un sourire commencer

다음에 배울 것

ébaucher croquer peindre réaliser concevoir

고급

dégrossir préfigurer évoquer délinéer amorcer

알아야 할 문법

Regular -er verb conjugation

Je/Tu/Il/Elle esquisse, Nous esquissons, Vous esquissez, Ils/Elles esquissent.

Passé composé with 'avoir'

J'ai esquissé un dessin hier soir.

Imparfait for descriptions

Elle esquissait toujours des fleurs pendant les cours.

Direct Object Pronouns

Le plan ? Je l'ai esquissé ce matin. (Note the agreement: l' = le plan, so no 'e' added to 'esquissé').

Reflexive voice for emergence

Une idée s'esquisse dans mon esprit.

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수준별 예문

Je peux esquisser un chat.

I can sketch a cat.

Present tense, 1st person singular.

Tu esquisses une fleur ?

Are you sketching a flower?

Question form using 'tu'.

Il esquisse une petite maison.

He is sketching a small house.

Subject-Verb-Object structure.

Nous esquissons dans le parc.

We are sketching in the park.

1st person plural of an -er verb.

Elle veut esquisser un arbre.

She wants to sketch a tree.

Infinitive after 'vouloir'.

Vous esquissez très bien !

You sketch very well!

Adverb 'très bien' modifying the verb.

Ils esquissent des formes.

They are sketching shapes.

3rd person plural.

J'aime esquisser avec un crayon.

I like to sketch with a pencil.

Preposition 'avec' indicating the tool.

Elle a esquissé un sourire poli.

She gave a polite smile.

Passé composé with 'avoir'.

On peut esquisser le plan ici.

We can sketch the plan here.

Use of 'on' as 'we'.

L'artiste esquisse souvent ses idées.

The artist often sketches his ideas.

Adverb 'souvent' placement.

Est-ce que tu as esquissé le paysage ?

Did you sketch the landscape?

Interrogative with 'est-ce que'.

Je vais esquisser ton portrait.

I am going to sketch your portrait.

Futur proche (aller + infinitive).

Il n'a pas voulu esquisser la scène.

He didn't want to sketch the scene.

Negation in the passé composé.

Nous avons esquissé les montagnes.

We sketched the mountains.

Agreement not needed for 'avoir' without preceding direct object.

Elle esquisse un geste de la main.

She makes a gesture with her hand.

Fixed expression 'un geste de la main'.

Le designer a esquissé la nouvelle voiture.

The designer sketched the new car.

B1 vocabulary: 'designer', 'voiture'.

Avant de peindre, il faut esquisser le sujet.

Before painting, you must sketch the subject.

Impersonal 'il faut' + infinitive.

Elle esquissait un sourire chaque fois qu'il parlait.

She would smile slightly every time he spoke.

Imparfait for habitual action.

Nous devons esquisser les grandes lignes du projet.

We must outline the broad strokes of the project.

Metaphorical use for planning.

L'architecte esquisse les plans de la future école.

The architect is sketching the plans for the future school.

Specific professional context.

Il a esquissé un mouvement de recul devant le danger.

He made a flinching movement in the face of danger.

Describing a physical reaction.

Pouvez-vous esquisser votre idée sur ce papier ?

Can you sketch your idea on this paper?

Polite request with 'pouvez-vous'.

Bien qu'il soit fatigué, il esquisse un pas de danse.

Although he is tired, he tries a dance step.

Conjunction 'bien que' + subjunctive.

L'auteur esquisse le destin de ses personnages dès le premier chapitre.

The author outlines the fate of his characters from the first chapter.

Literary use of the verb.

Une solution semble enfin s'esquisser après des heures de débat.

A solution finally seems to be taking shape after hours of debate.

Reflexive 's'esquisser' meaning 'to emerge'.

Il a esquissé une moue de mécontentement en lisant le rapport.

He made a pout of dissatisfaction while reading the report.

Niche vocabulary: 'moue' (pout).

Le gouvernement a esquissé une réforme de la santé très attendue.

The government outlined a long-awaited health reform.

Political/formal context.

Elle a su esquisser la complexité de la situation en quelques mots.

She managed to outline the complexity of the situation in a few words.

Use of 'savoir' to mean 'to manage to'.

Pendant le procès, le témoin a esquissé un geste d'hésitation.

During the trial, the witness made a hesitant gesture.

Formal narrative context.

Il est rare qu'elle esquisse ses émotions en public.

It is rare that she shows hints of her emotions in public.

Subjunctive after 'il est rare que'.

Le peintre aimait esquisser sur le vif les passants dans la rue.

The painter liked to sketch passersby in the street on the spot.

Phrase 'sur le vif' (from life/on the spot).

Le philosophe tente d'esquisser les contours d'une nouvelle éthique.

The philosopher attempts to outline the contours of a new ethics.

Abstract philosophical usage.

L'article se contente d'esquisser le problème sans proposer de solution.

The article merely outlines the problem without proposing a solution.

Use of 'se contenter de' + infinitive.

Un léger sourire s'est esquissé sur ses lèvres à l'évocation de ce souvenir.

A slight smile appeared on her lips at the mention of that memory.

Reflexive form in the passé composé.

Le metteur en scène a esquissé la chorégraphie lors de la première répétition.

The director outlined the choreography during the first rehearsal.

Specific artistic professional context.

Il a esquissé un projet de loi qui sera débattu au Parlement le mois prochain.

He outlined a bill that will be debated in Parliament next month.

Formal legislative terminology.

Sa plume agile lui permettait d'esquisser des portraits psychologiques profonds.

His agile pen allowed him to sketch profound psychological portraits.

Metaphorical 'sketching' of personality.

On voyait s'esquisser au loin la silhouette des gratte-ciels dans la brume.

One could see the silhouette of skyscrapers beginning to take shape in the distance through the mist.

Reflexive infinitive after 'voir'.

Il n'a fait qu'esquisser une réponse, laissant ses interlocuteurs sur leur faim.

He only gave a sketchy answer, leaving his listeners unsatisfied.

Idiom 'laisser sur sa faim' (to leave wanting more).

L'œuvre ne fait qu'esquisser la tragédie à venir, par petites touches impressionnistes.

The work only hints at the coming tragedy, through small impressionistic touches.

High-level literary criticism.

Il appartient aux historiens d'esquisser la genèse de ce mouvement social.

It is up to historians to outline the genesis of this social movement.

Formal structure 'Il appartient à... de...'.

Une nouvelle dynamique européenne semble s'esquisser au terme de ce sommet.

A new European dynamic seems to be taking shape at the end of this summit.

Abstract geopolitical usage.

L'artiste refuse de figer son œuvre, préférant l'esquisser sans cesse.

The artist refuses to freeze his work, preferring to constantly re-sketch it.

Nuance of 'non-finality'.

L'avocat a esquissé une ligne de défense audacieuse devant les jurés.

The lawyer outlined a bold line of defense before the jurors.

Legal strategy context.

Dans son dernier essai, elle esquisse une critique acerbe de la modernité.

In her latest essay, she outlines a sharp critique of modernity.

Academic/Critical usage.

Il a suffi qu'elle esquisse un geste pour que tout le monde se taise.

It was enough for her to make a single gesture for everyone to fall silent.

Subjunctive after 'il a suffi que'.

Le paysage hivernal semblait esquissé au fusain sur un fond de ciel gris.

The winter landscape seemed sketched in charcoal against a background of gray sky.

Passive past participle used as an adjective.

자주 쓰는 조합

esquisser un sourire

esquisser un geste

esquisser un plan

esquisser un portrait

esquisser les contours

esquisser une silhouette

esquisser une réponse

esquisser un mouvement

esquisser une moue

esquisser les grandes lignes

자주 쓰는 구문

esquisser un pas de danse

— To start a dance move or do a little dance. It suggests a light, spontaneous action.

Heureux, il a esquissé un pas de danse dans la rue.

esquisser une solution

— To suggest a possible solution that is not yet fully worked out. It is used in problem-solving contexts.

Le consultant a esquissé une solution au problème technique.

esquisser une grimace

— To make a slight face, often showing pain or dislike. It is less intense than a full grimace.

Il a esquissé une grimace en goûtant le café amer.

esquisser un projet

— To create the first draft or outline of a project. Common in business and school.

Ils ont esquissé un projet de voyage pour l'été prochain.

esquisser de la main

— To make a small motion with the hand to signal something. Often used in descriptions of social behavior.

Il a esquissé de la main un signe de dénégation.

esquisser un trait

— To draw a single line or characteristic. Can be literal or metaphorical (describing a character trait).

D'un seul trait, il a su esquisser le visage de son ami.

esquisser une théorie

— To provide the basic ideas of a theory before proving it. Used in academic writing.

Einstein a commencé par esquisser sa théorie sur un bout de papier.

esquisser un espoir

— To show a faint sign of hope. This is a more poetic and literary usage.

Ses paroles ont permis d'esquisser un espoir de paix.

esquisser un clin d'œil

— To start to wink or give a very subtle wink. Suggests complicity.

Il lui a esquissé un clin d'œil avant de sortir.

esquisser l'avenir

— To imagine or plan what the future might look like in broad terms.

Le film tente d'esquisser l'avenir de l'humanité dans l'espace.

자주 혼동되는 단어

esquisser vs dessiner

Dessiner is the general act of drawing; esquisser is specifically for the first draft.

esquisser vs ébaucher

Ébaucher is for starting something with mass (sculpture, book); esquisser is for lines and gestures.

esquisser vs esquiver

Esquiver means to dodge or avoid, which sounds similar but has a completely different meaning.

관용어 및 표현

"esquisser un sourire en coin"

— To give a smirk or a knowing, lopsided smile. It implies a secret or sarcasm.

Il a esquissé un sourire en coin en entendant le mensonge.

Neutral

"ne faire qu'esquisser"

— To only touch upon something briefly or superficially. Often used as a criticism.

Le rapport ne fait qu'esquisser les vrais problèmes.

Formal

"esquisser un geste de défense"

— To instinctively start to protect oneself. Used in narratives to show reaction.

Face à l'agression, il a esquissé un geste de défense.

Neutral

"esquisser une révérence"

— To start to bow or curtsy, often used ironically or in historical contexts.

Elle a esquissé une révérence moqueuse devant son frère.

Literary/Ironical

"esquisser un signe de tête"

— To give a slight nod, either in agreement or acknowledgment.

Il a esquissé un signe de tête pour nous saluer.

Neutral

"esquisser une ombre"

— To cast a faint shadow or hint at a darker side of something.

Cette décision esquisse une ombre sur sa carrière.

Literary

"esquisser le possible"

— To explore or outline what might be possible. Philosophical.

L'art permet d'esquisser le possible au-delà du réel.

Academic

"esquisser un adieu"

— To make a small gesture of saying goodbye, often a sad or fleeting one.

Elle a esquissé un adieu de la fenêtre du train.

Literary

"esquisser un pas vers"

— To take a small step toward a goal or a person, literal or metaphorical.

Il a enfin esquissé un pas vers la réconciliation.

Neutral

"esquisser une réponse du bout des lèvres"

— To give a very hesitant or reluctant answer.

Elle n'a esquissé une réponse que du bout des lèvres.

Idiomatic

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esquisser vs esquiver

Similar sound and spelling.

Esquisser is to sketch; esquiver is to dodge a blow or avoid a question.

Il a esquivé le ballon, puis il a esquissé un sourire.

esquisser vs ébaucher

Both mean to start a work.

Esquisser is more visual/linear; ébaucher is more structural/substantial.

J'esquisse le dessin avant d'ébaucher la statue.

esquisser vs croquer

Both involve sketching.

Croquer is faster and more spontaneous; esquisser is slightly more deliberate.

Le caricaturiste croque les gens, l'architecte esquisse les plans.

esquisser vs tracer

Both involve drawing lines.

Tracer is technical and precise; esquisser is artistic and preliminary.

Trace une ligne droite pour esquisser le mur.

esquisser vs crayonner

Both involve using a pencil.

Crayonner is specifically with a pencil, often aimlessly; esquisser is a purposeful first draft.

Elle crayonnait dans la marge tout en esquissant son projet.

문장 패턴

Sujet + esquisser + un/une + nom.

Je esquisse un chat.

Sujet + a esquissé + un sourire.

Il a esquissé un sourire.

Sujet + doit esquisser + les grandes lignes.

Nous devons esquisser les grandes lignes.

Une solution + semble + s'esquisser.

Une solution semble s'esquisser.

Sujet + se contente d'esquisser + nom.

L'auteur se contente d'esquisser le décor.

Il appartient à + nom + d'esquisser + nom.

Il appartient au ministre d'esquisser la réforme.

Pendant que + sujet + verbe, sujet + esquissait...

Pendant qu'il parlait, elle esquissait un dessin.

Sujet + a su esquisser + nom.

Elle a su esquisser la situation.

어휘 가족

명사

une esquisse (a sketch)

un esquisseur (a person who sketches - rare)

동사

esquisser (to sketch)

형용사

esquissé (sketched/outlined)

사용법

frequency

Common in written French (literature, journalism) and professional settings; moderately common in spoken French.

자주 하는 실수

Using 'esquisser' for a finished drawing. → J'ai dessiné un portrait détaillé.
Esquisser is only for the preliminary stage. Using it for a finished work is a contradiction.
Pronouncing the 'u' in 'esquisser'. → /es.ki.se/
The 'u' is a silent marker to keep the 'q' sounding like a 'k'. Pronouncing it as 'kw' is incorrect.
Forgetting the direct object. → J'esquisse un plan.
In French, you usually need to specify what you are sketching. You can't just say 'J'esquisse' alone.
Confusing 'esquisser' with 'esquiver'. → Il esquisse un sourire.
Esquiver means to dodge. Confusing the two can lead to very strange sentences like 'He dodged a smile'.
Using 'esquisser' for heavy construction. → Ils ont ébauché les fondations.
For physical, heavy 'starts', 'ébaucher' is more appropriate than the 'light' esquisser.

팁

Artistic Precision

Use 'esquisser' when you want to sound like you know the difference between a rough draft and a finished piece. It adds 'artistic' weight to your speech.

The Silent U

Remember that the 'u' after 'q' is silent. Don't say 'es-kwis-er'. Say 'es-ki-se'. This is a common mistake for English speakers.

Literary Flair

In your French essays, use 'esquisser un sourire' to describe a character's subtle reaction. It’s a hallmark of B2/C1 level writing.

Meeting Language

When you have a new idea in a meeting, say 'Je vais esquisser les grandes lignes'. It shows you have a plan but are open to feedback.

Sketch Cousin

Remember that 'esquisser' and 'sketch' come from the same Italian root. They are cousins! This makes the meaning easy to remember.

Esquisser vs. Ébaucher

Think of 'esquisser' as drawing with a pencil and 'ébaucher' as carving with a knife. One is light, the other is heavy.

DIY Projects

Before starting a DIY project or rearranging furniture, tell your partner 'Je vais esquisser un plan'. It sounds very organized!

Novel Spotting

When reading French novels, highlight 'esquisser'. You'll see it used often for fleeting gestures and shadows.

News Keywords

In French news, 'esquisser' often appears before 'réforme' or 'loi'. It’s a key word for understanding political developments.

Daily Sketch

Try to 'esquisser' something physical every day for 1 minute and say 'J'esquisse [nom]' out loud to build muscle memory.

암기하기

기억법

Think of an 'S' shaped 'QU'ick 'I'mprint on 'S'ome 'S'urface. E-S-QU-I-SS-ER.

시각적 연상

Imagine a pencil quickly drawing the outline of a swan (which starts with 'S') on a piece of paper.

Word Web

art pencil smile plan draft outline gesture beginning

챌린지

Try to use 'esquisser un sourire' in a conversation today when someone tells a joke that isn't quite funny enough for a big laugh.

어원

The word 'esquisser' entered the French language in the 16th century. It is derived from the Italian word 'schizzare', which means 'to splash' or 'to sketch'.

원래 의미: Originally, it referred to the spontaneous splashing of paint or ink, which evolved into the concept of a quick, spontaneous drawing.

It belongs to the Romance language family, specifically influenced by Italian artistic terminology during the Renaissance.

문화적 맥락

The word is neutral and has no negative or sensitive connotations.

In English, we often use 'to sketch' or 'to outline'. 'Esquisser' is slightly more formal than 'sketch' in English.

L'Esquisse (a famous restaurant name in many French cities). Les Esquisses de Quat'sous (a musical reference). Artists like Degas are famous for their 'esquisses' of dancers.

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실제 사용 상황

Art Class

Esquissez le modèle.
Utilisez un crayon gras.
Ne détaillez pas trop.
C'est une esquisse rapide.

Business Meeting

Esquissons le projet.
Quelles sont les grandes lignes ?
C'est une première esquisse.
On peut esquisser un budget.

Describing People

Il esquisse un sourire.
Elle esquisse une moue.
Un geste a été esquissé.
Il esquisse un pas de danse.

Literature

L'auteur esquisse le décor.
Une silhouette s'esquisse.
Esquisser un adieu.
L'esquisse d'un sentiment.

Architecture

Esquisser les plans.
Une esquisse en 3D.
Esquisser la façade.
L'esquisse du bâtiment.

대화 시작하기

"Est-ce que tu aimes esquisser quand tu es en vacances ?"

"Peux-tu m'esquisser le plan pour aller chez toi ?"

"As-tu déjà esquissé le portrait de quelqu'un ?"

"Pourquoi est-il important d'esquisser un projet avant de le commencer ?"

"Que penses-tu quand quelqu'un esquisse un sourire mystérieux ?"

일기 주제

Aujourd'hui, j'ai esquissé un plan pour mon avenir. Voici les grandes lignes...

Décrivez un moment où vous avez vu quelqu'un esquisser un sourire étrange.

Si vous deviez esquisser votre maison de rêve, à quoi ressemblerait-elle ?

Pourquoi préférez-vous esquisser ou dessiner directement avec des détails ?

Esquissez en mots le paysage que vous voyez par votre fenêtre.

자주 묻는 질문

10 질문

Yes, 'esquisser' refers to the action and the stage of drawing, not the medium. You can 'esquisser' on a tablet just as easily as on paper. It implies that you are creating the initial lines or concept.

It is quite common, especially when describing someone else's reaction. It sounds more precise and elegant than just saying 'il a souri un peu'. It suggests a faint or fleeting smile.

A 'croquis' is usually faster and more spontaneous, often done from life. An 'esquisse' is a preliminary version of a more complex work. However, in casual conversation, they are often used as synonyms.

Yes, a composer can 'esquisser' a melody or a theme. It means they have written the basic notes or the main idea without the full orchestration or harmony.

Yes, as a transitive verb, it always uses 'avoir' in the passé composé: 'J'ai esquissé'. The only exception is the reflexive form 's'esquisser', which uses 'être': 'Une idée s'est esquissée'.

The noun is 'une esquisse' and the plural is 'des esquisses'. The verb 'esquisser' is conjugated normally for 'ils/elles' as 'esquissent'.

Not necessarily rude, but it implies that their answer was incomplete or vague. It might be used as a criticism in a professional context.

You 'esquissez' the *portrait* of a person or their *silhouette*, rather than the person themselves. Example: 'J'ai esquissé son portrait' is correct.

The opposite would be verbs that mean to finish or perfect, like 'parachever', 'terminer', or 'finaliser'.

It is neutral to slightly formal. It is perfectly fine to use in everyday conversation, but it also appears frequently in formal writing and literature.

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