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A2 verb 10분 분량

salir

연습하기 예시 노트와 팁 salir 30초 만에
설명 salir in your Level:
At the A1 level, learners are just beginning to grasp basic vocabulary. 'Salir' would be introduced in its most literal sense: making something physically dirty. Sentences would be very simple, focusing on common objects like clothes, floors, or hands. The primary focus would be on recognizing the word and its basic meaning of 'dirty'. Examples might include 'Ma main est sale' (My hand is dirty) or 'Le sol est sale' (The floor is dirty). The verb conjugation itself might be less emphasized, with more focus on the adjective 'sale'. Understanding the concept of something becoming dirty is the main goal.
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At the A2 level, learners can use 'salir' more actively in simple sentences. They begin to understand and use it in the passé composé, particularly in transitive and reflexive forms. They can describe situations where they or others have made something dirty, or where something has become dirty. Examples like 'J'ai sali mon pantalon' (I dirtied my trousers) or 'Je me suis sali' (I got dirty) become common. Learners can also understand basic warnings like 'Ne salis pas la voiture' (Don't dirty the car). The focus shifts to active usage and understanding common contexts.
At the B1 level, learners can use 'salir' with greater fluency and understanding of nuances. They can employ it in a wider range of tenses and constructions, including more complex sentences. They might start to understand the figurative uses of 'salir' (e.g., tarnishing a reputation), although the literal meaning remains dominant. They can also differentiate 'salir' from more specific verbs like 'tacher'. The ability to use it in descriptive narratives about past events or future possibilities improves significantly.
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At the B2 level, learners can use 'salir' with a high degree of accuracy and naturalness. They are comfortable with its various grammatical constructions, including more idiomatic expressions. They can also discuss the metaphorical or extended meanings of 'salir' with confidence. The distinction between 'salir', 'souiller', and 'tacher' is well-understood and applied appropriately. They can participate in discussions where the concept of dirtiness, both literal and figurative, is explored.
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At the C1 level, learners possess a sophisticated command of 'salir'. They can use it in formal and informal contexts, employing subtle distinctions in meaning and register. They are adept at recognizing and using figurative language involving 'salir', such as in literature or abstract discussions. Their understanding of its etymological roots and historical usage might also inform their application of the word. They can analyze texts and conversations for the nuanced use of 'salir'.
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At the C2 level, learners have a native-like mastery of 'salir'. They can use it with absolute precision, understanding its full range of meanings, connotations, and stylistic implications. They can deconstruct its usage in complex literary works or highly specialized discourse. Their command allows them to manipulate the word for rhetorical effect and to appreciate its subtle variations in meaning across different French-speaking regions or historical periods.
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연습하기 예시 노트와 팁

salir 30초 만에

  • To make dirty or to become dirty.
  • Used for physical dirt on objects, clothes, or oneself.
  • Common in everyday contexts like cleaning and playing.
  • Key verb for describing messes and the need for cleaning.

The Core Meaning of 'Salir'

The French verb salir is a fundamental verb with a straightforward meaning: to make something dirty or to become dirty. It's a very common verb that you'll encounter in everyday conversations, whether you're talking about household chores, the weather, or even the state of your clothes after a day out. Think of it as the opposite of 'nettoyer' (to clean). It describes the process of accumulating dirt, grime, stains, or any substance that makes something less clean.

In French, salir can be used in a few different ways. It can be used transitively, meaning it takes a direct object. In this case, someone or something is performing the action of making something else dirty. For example, 'Les enfants ont sali le tapis avec leurs chaussures boueuses' (The children have dirtied the carpet with their muddy shoes). Here, 'les enfants' are the agents, and 'le tapis' is the object being dirtied.

It can also be used intransitively, where the subject itself becomes dirty without a direct object explicitly stated. For instance, 'Mon pull est sali' (My sweater is dirty). While the grammatical structure uses 'être' (to be) with the past participle here, the underlying concept of becoming dirty is conveyed. The verb 'salir' itself can also be conjugated to show this process of becoming dirty, especially in the reflexive form 'se salir' (to get dirty). 'Je me suis sali en jouant dans le jardin' (I got dirty playing in the garden).

The concept of 'salir' extends beyond just physical dirt. It can metaphorically refer to tarnishing someone's reputation or making something morally impure, although these uses are less common at the A2 CEFR level and are more typical of higher levels. For a beginner, focusing on the literal meaning of making things physically dirty is key. You'll hear this verb when discussing laundry, cleaning, outdoor activities, children's play, and any situation where things might get messy. It's a versatile verb that describes a universal experience: things getting dirty!

Transitive Use
Someone or something makes another thing dirty.
Intransitive Use
Something becomes dirty.
Reflexive Use
To get dirty (oneself).

Les enfants ont sali le sol avec leurs chaussures.

Ne salis pas tes vêtements propres.

Putting 'Salir' into Action: Sentence Structures

Understanding how to construct sentences with salir is crucial for effective communication. At the A2 level, you'll primarily encounter its use in simple present, past (passé composé), and future tenses. The key is to identify the subject performing the action (or the thing that becomes dirty) and the object being affected, if any.

1. Transitive Use (Subject + Salir + Object): This is when someone or something is actively making another thing dirty. The most common tense for this at A2 is the passé composé.

Passé Composé Structure
Subject + avoir (conjugated) + sali + Object.

Examples:

  • J'ai sali ma chemise en mangeant. (I dirtied my shirt while eating.) - Here, 'J'' (I) is the subject, 'ai sali' is the verb in passé composé, and 'ma chemise' is the object.
  • Le chien a sali le tapis. (The dog dirtied the carpet.) - 'Le chien' is the subject, 'a sali' is the verb, and 'le tapis' is the object.
  • Les enfants ont sali la voiture avec de la boue. (The children dirtied the car with mud.) - 'Les enfants' is the subject, 'ont sali' is the verb, and 'la voiture' is the object.

2. Intransitive Use (Subject + Salir - often with 'être' in past participles, but the verb itself implies becoming dirty): This focuses on the state of being dirty or becoming dirty.

Common Construction
Subject + être (conjugated) + sali (past participle).

Examples:

  • Mon pantalon est sali. (My trousers are dirty.) - This uses the past participle as an adjective describing the state.
  • La table est salie. (The table is dirty.) - Note the agreement of the past participle with the feminine noun 'table'.

3. Reflexive Use (Subject + se + Salir): This means 'to get dirty' (oneself). This is also very common.

Passé Composé Reflexive Structure
Subject + reflexive pronoun + être (conjugated) + sali.

Examples:

  • Je me suis sali en jouant dehors. (I got dirty playing outside.) - 'Je' is the subject, 'me suis sali' is the reflexive verb in passé composé.
  • L'enfant s'est sali avec du chocolat. (The child got dirty with chocolate.) - 'L'enfant' is the subject, 's'est sali' is the reflexive verb.

Future Tense: While less common at A2 for 'salir', it's good to be aware:

  • Je vais salir mon livre si je ne fais pas attention. (I am going to get my book dirty if I'm not careful.) - Using 'aller' + infinitive.

Mastering these structures will allow you to accurately describe situations where things become dirty, whether it's your own fault, someone else's, or just an unfortunate event.

Real-World Scenarios for 'Salir'

You'll hear the verb salir in a multitude of everyday situations, often related to practical, hands-on activities. Its ubiquity makes it a valuable word to learn for understanding daily French conversations.

1. Household Chores and Cleaning: This is perhaps the most common context. When discussing laundry, cleaning floors, or tidying up, 'salir' is frequently used.

  • A parent might tell their child: 'Ne salis pas le tapis avec tes chaussures!' (Don't dirty the carpet with your shoes!).
  • Someone might complain about their clothes: 'Mon t-shirt s'est sali pendant le pique-nique.' (My t-shirt got dirty during the picnic.)
  • When sorting laundry: 'Il faut laver cette chemise, elle est salie.' (We need to wash this shirt, it's dirty.)

2. Children and Playtime: Children are notorious for getting dirty, so 'salir' is a natural fit in conversations about them.

  • 'Les enfants se sont bien salis dans le jardin.' (The children got themselves really dirty in the garden.)
  • 'Attention, tu vas salir ta robe!' (Be careful, you're going to dirty your dress!).

3. Outdoor Activities and Weather: Rain, mud, and dust can all lead to things getting dirty.

  • 'Après la randonnée, mes chaussures étaient très salies.' (After the hike, my shoes were very dirty.)
  • 'Le vent a sali la voiture avec de la poussière.' (The wind dirtied the car with dust.)

4. Food and Drink: Spills are a common way for things to get dirty.

  • 'J'ai renversé du café et j'ai sali ma table.' (I spilled coffee and dirtied my table.)
  • 'Fais attention à ne pas salir la nappe.' (Be careful not to dirty the tablecloth.)

5. General Observations: Sometimes it's just a simple observation about the state of something.

  • 'Cette fenêtre est salie par la pluie.' (This window is dirtied by the rain.)

Listening to French media like children's shows, family vlogs, or even simple dialogues about daily life will expose you to many instances of 'salir'. It's a verb that is deeply embedded in the language of everyday experiences.

Common Scenarios
Household chores, children's activities, outdoor adventures, accidental spills.
Related Concepts
Cleaning (nettoyer), stains (taches), dirt (terre, saleté).

Pitfalls to Avoid with 'Salir'

While 'salir' is a common verb, learners sometimes make mistakes related to its usage, particularly concerning auxiliary verbs, agreement, and confusion with similar-sounding words. Being aware of these common pitfalls can significantly improve your accuracy.

1. Incorrect Auxiliary Verb in Passé Composé: This is a very frequent mistake. Remember that 'salir' is typically conjugated with 'avoir' when it's used transitively (making something else dirty).

Mistake Example
Incorrect: J'ai été sali par la boue. (This implies a passive construction that isn't standard for 'salir'.)
Correct Example
Correct: J'ai sali ma chemise. (I dirtied my shirt.) OR Ma chemise est salie. (My shirt is dirty - using the past participle as an adjective with 'être').

2. Agreement of the Past Participle: When 'salir' is used reflexively (se salir) or with the verb 'être' to describe a state of being dirty, the past participle 'sali' must agree in gender and number with the subject.

Mistake Example
Incorrect: Les filles se sont sali.
Correct Example
Correct: Les filles se sont salies. (The girls got themselves dirty.)
Another Correct Example
Correct: La robe est salie. (The dress is dirty.)

3. Confusing 'Salir' with 'Se Salir': While closely related, they have different grammatical structures and nuances.

Mistake Example
Incorrect: Je salis mes mains. (While grammatically possible, 'Je me suis sali les mains' is more natural for 'I got my hands dirty'.)
Correct Example
Correct: Je me suis sali les mains. (I got my hands dirty.)

4. Overuse of 'Salir' for General Messiness: Sometimes, other verbs or expressions might be more precise. For instance, 'tacher' means to stain, which is a specific type of dirtiness.

Contextual Nuance
If a specific mark is left, 'tacher' might be more appropriate: 'Ce vin a taché la nappe.' (This wine stained the tablecloth.)

By focusing on the correct auxiliary verbs, ensuring proper agreement, and understanding the subtle differences between 'salir' and 'se salir', you can avoid these common errors and use the verb more confidently.

Exploring Nuances: Alternatives to 'Salir'

While salir is the primary verb for making something dirty, French offers other words and phrases that convey similar meanings or describe specific types of dirtiness. Understanding these alternatives enriches your vocabulary and allows for more precise expression.

1. Nettoyer (to clean): This is the direct antonym of 'salir'. While 'salir' describes the process of becoming dirty, 'nettoyer' describes the process of removing dirt.

Comparison
Salir: To make dirty. Nettoyer: To make clean.
Example
Il faut nettoyer ce qui est sali. (We must clean what is dirty.)

2. Tacher (to stain): This verb is more specific than 'salir'. It refers to leaving a mark or spot on a surface that is difficult to remove.

Comparison
Salir: To make generally dirty. Tacher: To leave a specific stain.
Example
Le vin a taché la nappe. (The wine stained the tablecloth.) While the tablecloth is now dirty, 'tacher' specifically describes the mark left by the wine.

3. Souiller (to soil, to defile): This verb is stronger and often implies a more significant or offensive kind of dirtiness, sometimes with moral or symbolic connotations. It's less common at the A2 level.

Comparison
Salir: To make physically dirty. Souiller: To soil, often with a stronger, more negative, or even metaphorical implication.
Example
Ne souillez pas ce lieu sacré. (Do not desecrate this sacred place.) This goes beyond simple physical dirt.

4. Se salir (reflexive form): As discussed, this means 'to get dirty'. It's a specific usage of 'salir' but is so common it's worth highlighting as a distinct way to express becoming dirty.

Comparison
Salir (transitive): To make something else dirty. Se salir (reflexive): To get oneself dirty.
Example
L'enfant s'est sali en jouant. (The child got dirty while playing.)

5. Adjective 'Sale' (dirty): While not a verb, the adjective 'sale' is the direct result of 'salir'. You'll often see it used with 'être'.

Comparison
Salir (verb): The action of making dirty. Sale (adjective): The state of being dirty.
Example
Ma voiture est sale. (My car is dirty.) This state is often the result of the action of 'salir'.

While 'salir' is your go-to verb for general dirtiness, understanding these related terms will help you communicate with greater precision and nuance in French.

How Formal Is It?

재미있는 사실

Interestingly, the word 'salt' in Latin (*sal*) is the root of 'salir'. This connection might seem obscure, but it's thought to relate to how salt could leave deposits or affect the appearance of things, thus leading to the concept of becoming dirty. It's a reminder that word origins can be quite surprising!

발음 가이드

UK /sa.li.e/
US /sa.li.e/
The stress is on the second syllable: sa-<strong>LI</strong>-er.
라임이 맞는 단어
bâiller faillir tailler travailler veiller veiller cueillir mailler
자주 하는 실수
  • Pronouncing the final 'e' too strongly.
  • Confusing the vowel sounds in 'sa' and 'li'.
  • Adding an unnecessary 'r' sound at the end.

난이도

독해 3/5

At the A2 level, learners will encounter 'salir' in simple written texts like instructions, warnings, or short narratives. Recognizing its literal meaning is key. Higher levels will see more figurative uses and complex sentence structures.

쓰기 3/5

Learners at A2 can start using 'salir' in simple sentences, especially in the passé composé and with the adjective 'sale'. Accuracy with auxiliary verbs and agreement is important.

말하기 3/5

Speaking involves using 'salir' in spoken contexts like describing events or giving warnings. Pronunciation and correct conjugation are key for clear communication.

듣기 3/5

Understanding 'salir' in spoken French requires recognizing its sound and context, especially in everyday conversations about chores or activities.

다음에 무엇을 배울까

선수 학습

sale (adjective) nettoyer (verb) laver (verb) tapis (noun) vêtements (noun)

다음에 배울 것

tacher (verb) souiller (verb) saleté (noun) salissure (noun) salissant (adjective)

고급

polluer (verb) altérer (verb) dégrader (verb) avilir (verb)

알아야 할 문법

Passé Composé with 'avoir' and 'être'

'Salir' uses 'avoir' when transitive (J'ai sali) and 'être' when reflexive (Je me suis sali) or as an adjective (La chemise est salie).

Agreement of the Past Participle

When 'sali' is used with 'être' (reflexive or as an adjective), it agrees with the subject: 'Elle s'est salie', 'Les robes sont salies'.

Imperative Mood

'Ne salis pas !' (Don't dirty!), 'Sali tes mains !' (Dirty your hands! - less common).

Future with 'aller'

'Je vais salir mon pull.' (I am going to dirty my sweater.)

Using 'se' + verb for reflexive actions

'Se salir' means to get dirty oneself.

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수준별 예문

1

Mon chat est sale.

My cat is dirty.

Uses the adjective 'sale' with 'être'.

2

Je salis mes mains.

I dirty my hands.

Simple present tense, transitive use.

3

La robe est sale.

The dress is dirty.

Uses the adjective 'sale' with 'être'.

4

Le chien a sali le jardin.

The dog dirtied the garden.

Passé composé, transitive use.

5

Attention, tu vas salir ton pull.

Be careful, you are going to dirty your sweater.

Future with 'aller + infinitive'.

6

Tes chaussures sont sales.

Your shoes are dirty.

Uses the adjective 'sales' (plural) with 'être'.

7

Le bébé s'est sali.

The baby got dirty.

Passé composé, reflexive use ('se salir').

8

Ne salis pas la table.

Don't dirty the table.

Negative imperative.

1

Les enfants ont sali le tapis avec leurs chaussures.

The children dirtied the carpet with their shoes.

Passé composé, transitive use, with a prepositional phrase indicating cause.

2

Je me suis sali en jouant dans la boue.

I got dirty playing in the mud.

Passé composé, reflexive use ('se salir'), with a gerund phrase indicating activity.

3

Mon pull blanc est maintenant très sale.

My white sweater is now very dirty.

Uses the adjective 'sale' with 'être' to describe the state after an action.

4

Fais attention à ne pas salir tes vêtements neufs.

Be careful not to dirty your new clothes.

Imperative 'Fais attention à' followed by 'ne pas' + infinitive.

5

Le chien a laissé des traces sales sur le sol.

The dog left dirty marks on the floor.

Uses the adjective 'sales' (plural) modifying 'traces'.

6

Après la pluie, la voiture est toute salie.

After the rain, the car is all dirty.

Uses the adjective 'salie' (feminine singular) with 'être', indicating the state of the car.

7

J'ai renversé du jus, j'ai sali la table.

I spilled juice, I dirtied the table.

Two independent clauses connected by a comma, showing cause and effect.

8

Il faut laver cette chemise, elle est trop salie.

We need to wash this shirt, it's too dirty.

Uses the adjective 'salie' (feminine singular) with 'être' to justify an action.

1

Les enfants se sont bien salis en construisant des châteaux de sable.

The children got themselves quite dirty building sandcastles.

Passé composé, reflexive use ('se salir'), with a gerund phrase indicating the activity.

2

J'ai peur de salir ma nouvelle robe en allant à la fête.

I'm afraid of dirtying my new dress when going to the party.

Uses 'avoir peur de' + infinitive, transitive use of 'salir'.

3

Si tu ne fais pas attention, tu vas salir le canapé avec tes pieds boueux.

If you're not careful, you'll dirty the sofa with your muddy feet.

Conditional sentence (Si + present, future simple), transitive use.

4

Le vent a sali toutes les fenêtres de la maison.

The wind dirtied all the windows of the house.

Passé composé, transitive use, with a plural object.

5

Ce type de tissu se salit très facilement.

This type of fabric gets dirty very easily.

Uses the reflexive pronoun 'se' with the verb in the present tense to indicate a general property.

6

Ils ont réussi à ne pas salir leur équipement sportif pendant l'entraînement.

They managed not to dirty their sports equipment during training.

Uses 'réussir à' + infinitive, with negation 'ne pas'.

7

Une tache de vin a sali la nappe blanche.

A wine stain dirtied the white tablecloth.

Passé composé, transitive use, with 'tache' as the subject.

8

Je déteste quand mes mains se salissent en cuisinant.

I hate when my hands get dirty while cooking.

Uses 'déteste quand' + clause with reflexive verb 'se salir'.

1

Il est important de ne pas salir l'image de l'entreprise par des actions irresponsables.

It is important not to dirty the company's image through irresponsible actions.

Figurative use of 'salir' referring to reputation or image. Uses 'il est important de' + infinitive.

2

Les graffiti ont sali la façade de l'immeuble, nécessitant un nettoyage coûteux.

The graffiti dirtied the facade of the building, requiring an expensive cleaning.

Passé composé, transitive use, with a participial phrase ('nécessitant').

3

Elle reprochait à son frère de salir systématiquement leur environnement commun.

She accused her brother of systematically dirtying their shared environment.

Uses 'reprocher à quelqu'un de faire quelque chose', transitive use of 'salir'.

4

Ce type de revêtement extérieur a tendance à se salir rapidement sous l'effet de la pollution.

This type of exterior cladding tends to get dirty quickly due to pollution.

Uses 'avoir tendance à' + infinitive, reflexive use ('se salir') with a causal phrase.

5

On peut dire que l'incident a sali sa réputation, bien qu'il ait nié toute implication.

One could say that the incident dirtied his reputation, although he denied any involvement.

Figurative use of 'salir' for reputation. Uses 'on peut dire que' and 'bien que' + subjunctive.

6

Les méthodes de production traditionnelles peuvent parfois salir l'eau des rivières environnantes.

Traditional production methods can sometimes dirty the water of the surrounding rivers.

Present tense, transitive use, with 'parfois' indicating frequency.

7

Il est essentiel de se prémunir contre les éléments qui risquent de salir nos œuvres d'art.

It is essential to protect ourselves against elements that risk dirtying our works of art.

Uses 'il est essentiel de' + infinitive, reflexive use ('se salir') indirectly related to protecting objects.

8

La boue séchée avait sali le bas des pantalons de tous les randonneurs.

The dried mud had dirtied the lower part of all the hikers' trousers.

Plus-que-parfait tense, transitive use.

1

Les actes de vandalisme ont considérablement sali l'aspect de ce quartier historique.

The acts of vandalism have considerably dirtied the appearance of this historic neighborhood.

Passé composé, transitive use, with an adverb ('considérablement') and a more abstract object ('l'aspect').

2

Il faut éviter de salir le débat par des accusations infondées.

We must avoid dirtying the debate with unfounded accusations.

Figurative use of 'salir' referring to the quality of a discussion. Uses 'il faut éviter de' + infinitive.

3

La poussière accumulée avait sali les mécanismes délicats de la vieille horloge.

The accumulated dust had dirtied the delicate mechanisms of the old clock.

Plus-que-parfait tense, transitive use, describing a meticulous situation.

4

Les critiques ont tenté de salir la réputation de l'artiste en mettant en doute son intégrité.

Critics tried to dirty the artist's reputation by questioning their integrity.

Figurative use of 'salir' for reputation. Uses 'tenter de' + infinitive and a participial phrase ('en mettant en doute').

5

Le simple fait de se trouver dans un environnement pollué peut contribuer à se salir.

The mere fact of being in a polluted environment can contribute to getting dirty.

Uses 'le simple fait de' + infinitive, reflexive use ('se salir') linked to an environmental cause.

6

Les méthodes de manipulation médiatique cherchent souvent à salir l'image de l'opposition politique.

Media manipulation tactics often seek to dirty the image of the political opposition.

Figurative use of 'salir' for political image. Present tense, transitive use.

7

Après des années d'abandon, les fresques murales commençaient à se salir et à se détériorer.

After years of abandonment, the wall frescoes were beginning to get dirty and deteriorate.

Imperfect tense, reflexive use ('se salir') linked with another reflexive verb ('se détériorer').

8

Il est primordial de ne pas souiller les eaux vives par des rejets industriels incontrôlés.

It is paramount not to soil the clear waters with uncontrolled industrial discharges.

Uses 'primordial de' + infinitive, and the stronger verb 'souiller' instead of 'salir' for environmental pollution.

1

Les manœuvres politiciennes visent souvent à salir l'adversaire, plutôt qu'à proposer des solutions concrètes.

Political maneuvering often aims to dirty the opponent, rather than propose concrete solutions.

Figurative use of 'salir' in a political context. Uses 'visent à' + infinitive and 'plutôt que' + infinitive.

2

La décadence morale d'une société peut parfois se manifester par une tendance à vouloir salir tout ce qui est pur ou noble.

The moral decadence of a society can sometimes manifest itself through a tendency to want to dirty everything that is pure or noble.

Figurative and abstract use of 'salir'. Uses 'se manifester par' and 'tendance à vouloir'.

3

L'encre séchée avait sali les pages du manuscrit ancien, rendant certaines parties illisibles.

The dried ink had dirtied the pages of the ancient manuscript, rendering some parts illegible.

Plus-que-parfait tense, transitive use, with a participial phrase ('rendant').

4

Les détracteurs n'ont eu de cesse de salir l'héritage de cette figure historique par des interprétations biaisées.

Detractors relentlessly sought to dirty the legacy of this historical figure through biased interpretations.

Uses 'n'ont eu de cesse de' + infinitive, figurative use of 'salir' for legacy.

5

Dans certaines cultures, se salir les mains est une métaphore de l'engagement actif et du travail concret.

In some cultures, getting one's hands dirty is a metaphor for active engagement and concrete work.

Explains the idiomatic meaning of 'se salir les mains' in a cultural context.

6

La prolifération des déchets plastiques est en train de salir irrémédiablement nos océans.

The proliferation of plastic waste is irreversibly dirtying our oceans.

Present continuous action ('est en train de'), transitive use, with a strong adverb ('irrémédiablement').

7

Le vernis protecteur a pour but d'empêcher la poussière de salir les peintures murales.

The protective varnish aims to prevent dust from dirtying the wall paintings.

Uses 'a pour but de' + infinitive, and 'empêcher de' + infinitive.

8

On peut considérer que le cynisme ambiant tend à salir la perception du discours politique.

One can consider that the prevailing cynicism tends to dirty the perception of political discourse.

Uses 'on peut considérer que' + clause, 'tend à' + infinitive, and figurative 'salir'.

자주 쓰는 조합

salir le tapis
salir ses vêtements
salir la voiture
salir le sol
salir son nom
se salir les mains
se salir rapidement
salir l'eau
salir une page
salir la réputation

자주 쓰는 구문

Attention, ça salit !

— Be careful, it's dirtying/messy!

Quand tu manipules cette sauce, Attention, ça salit !

Ne salis pas...

— Don't dirty...

Ne salis pas tes vêtements propres, s'il te plaît.

Je me suis sali.

— I got dirty.

En tombant dans la boue, je me suis sali.

Ça salit tout.

— It dirties everything.

Cette peinture est très liquide, ça salit tout.

C'est sali.

— It's dirty.

Regarde, le sol est sali.

Il/Elle a sali...

— He/She dirtied...

L'enfant a sali le mur avec ses crayons.

Ça va salir le tapis.

— That will dirty the carpet.

Si tu rentres avec ces chaussures, ça va salir le tapis.

Bien sali !

— Very dirty!

Après cette partie de football, tes chaussures sont bien salies !

Ne pas salir.

— Do not dirty.

Dans les musées, il y a souvent des panneaux 'Ne pas salir'.

Ça salit à force de...

— It gets dirty from the action of...

Ça salit à force de marcher dans la poussière.

자주 혼동되는 단어

salir vs sale

'Sale' is the adjective meaning 'dirty'. 'Salir' is the verb meaning 'to make dirty' or 'to become dirty'. They are closely related but have different grammatical functions.

salir vs saleté

'Saleté' is a noun meaning 'dirt' or 'mess'. It's the result of the action of 'salir'.

salir vs nettoyer

'Nettoyer' is the direct opposite of 'salir', meaning 'to clean'.

관용어 및 표현

"se salir les mains"

— To get one's hands dirty; to engage directly in practical, often difficult or unpleasant, work.

Pour réussir, il faut parfois se salir les mains.

Informal/Neutral
"salir la mémoire de quelqu'un"

— To tarnish someone's memory; to speak ill of someone after they have died.

Il est indécent de salir la mémoire d'un défunt.

Formal
"salir le paysage"

— To spoil the view or the aesthetics of a place, often by introducing something ugly or out of place.

Cette usine moderne salit le paysage rural.

Figurative/Descriptive
"salir la fête"

— To spoil the party or ruin the fun for others.

Son arrivée tardive et son mauvais caractère ont un peu sali la fête.

Informal
"salir son nom/sa réputation"

— To damage one's name or reputation; to make someone look bad.

Les scandales ont sali sa réputation professionnelle.

Neutral/Formal
"salir le jeu"

— To cheat or act unfairly in a game or competition.

Il a sali le jeu en trichant.

Informal
"salire"

— This is an archaic or poetic term, not a standard French idiom, but related to 'salir' and meaning to make dirty or stain.

N/A (not in common use)

Archaic/Literary
"se salir d'un péché"

— To become stained by a sin (literal or figurative).

Il craignait de se salir d'un péché par ses actions.

Figurative/Religious
"salir la couleur"

— To make a color look dull or dirty, often by mixing it with another color or dirt.

Ce mélange a sali la couleur vive de la peinture.

Art/Technical
"salire le sang"

— An archaic or regional expression, roughly meaning to make blood dirty or impure, often in a metaphorical sense.

N/A (not in common use)

Archaic/Regional

혼동하기 쉬운

salir vs tacher

Both 'salir' and 'tacher' relate to making something dirty.

'Salir' is a general term for making something dirty. 'Tacher' specifically means to stain, leaving a mark that is often difficult to remove. You might 'salir' a shirt by spilling sauce, but the sauce might also 'tacher' the fabric.

Le vin a <strong>taché</strong> la nappe, elle est maintenant <strong>sali</strong>e.

salir vs souiller

Both verbs describe making something dirty.

'Souiller' is a stronger, often more formal or literary term than 'salir'. It implies a more profound or offensive kind of dirtiness, sometimes with moral or symbolic implications (e.g., defiling something sacred). 'Salir' is generally used for everyday, physical dirt.

Ne <strong>souillez</strong> pas ce lieu sacré avec vos ordures. (Don't defile this sacred place...)

salir vs encrasser

Both verbs describe making something dirty or unusable.

'Encrasser' specifically means to clog or make greasy/grimy, often used for mechanical parts or surfaces covered in oil or thick dirt. 'Salir' is more general. You might 'salir' a pan with food scraps, but if it's greasy, it might also 'encrasser'.

L'huile a <strong>encrassé</strong> le moteur, il est très <strong>sali</strong>.

salir vs barbouiller

Both verbs describe making a mess.

'Barbouiller' is more informal and often used for children making a mess with paint, mud, or food, implying smearing or daubing. 'Salir' is more general. A child might 'barbouiller' a wall with paint, making it 'sali'.

L'enfant a <strong>barbouillé</strong> le mur, il est maintenant tout <strong>sali</strong>.

salir vs se salir

It's the reflexive form of 'salir'.

'Salir' (transitive) means to make *something else* dirty (e.g., 'J'ai sali ma chemise'). 'Se salir' (reflexive) means to get *oneself* dirty (e.g., 'Je me suis sali en jouant').

Il a <strong>sali</strong> le sol. Il <strong>s'est sali</strong> en tombant.

문장 패턴

A1

Subject + est + sale.

Le chien est sale.

A1

Subject + salit + Object.

L'enfant salit le mur.

A2

Subject + a + sali + Object.

J'ai sali ma chemise.

A2

Subject + se + est + sali(e).

Il s'est sali.

A2

Ne + pas + salir + Object.

Ne salis pas le tapis.

B1

Subject + tend à + se salir.

Ce tissu tend à se salir.

B1

Il faut + salir + Object.

Il faut salir ce mur pour le peindre.

B2

Figurative use: Salir + Abstract Noun.

Les accusations ont sali sa réputation.

어휘 가족

명사

saleté (dirt, mess)
salissure (stain, dirt mark)
salissure (dirtiness, filth)

동사

salir (to make dirty)
se salir (to get dirty)
salissure (to soil - less common)

형용사

sale (dirty)
salissant (staining, dirtying)

관련

saleté
sale
salissure
salissant
souiller
무료 가입하고 모든 예문 보기

사용법

frequency

Very High

자주 하는 실수
  • Using 'être' with transitive 'salir' in passé composé. → J'ai sali ma chemise.

    When 'salir' means to make something else dirty, the auxiliary verb is 'avoir'. Incorrect: 'J'ai été sali ma chemise.'

  • Forgetting agreement with 'être' in reflexive or adjectival use. → Elle s'est salie.

    When 'sali' is used with 'être' (reflexive or as an adjective), it must agree with the subject. Incorrect: 'Elle s'est sali.'

  • Confusing 'salir' (verb) with 'sale' (adjective). → Le sol est sale.

    'Salir' is the action of making dirty, while 'sale' is the state of being dirty. Incorrect: 'Le sol salir.'

  • Using 'salir' when 'tacher' is more precise. → Le vin a taché la nappe.

    'Tacher' specifically means to stain, which is often more accurate than the general term 'salir' when a specific mark is left.

  • Incorrect pronunciation of the final 'e'. → /sa.li.e/ (soft 'e')

    English speakers sometimes pronounce the final 'e' too strongly, like 'sali-eh'. In French, it's a very soft, often almost silent schwa sound.

팁

Mastering the 'sal-ee' Sound

The pronunciation of 'salir' is relatively straightforward: sa-LEE-ay. Focus on the clear 'sa' sound, followed by the stressed 'lee' sound, and a soft final 'e'. Avoid adding an 'r' sound at the end, which is a common mistake for English speakers.

Auxiliary Verb Alert!

Remember the crucial distinction: 'avoir' for transitive use (making something else dirty) and 'être' for reflexive use ('se salir') or when 'sali' functions as an adjective. This is key for correct passé composé conjugation.

Opposites Help!

Understanding that 'nettoyer' (to clean) and 'laver' (to wash) are the main opposites of 'salir' can reinforce its meaning. Think 'dirty' vs. 'clean' to solidify the concept.

Mnemonic Device

Use the mnemonic 'SA-LI'r sounds like 'salty' dirt. Imagine spilling something salty that makes a mess. This can help you remember the verb and its meaning.

Active Recall

Try to describe everyday situations where things get dirty. For example, 'Mon chien a sali le canapé' (My dog dirtied the sofa) or 'Je me suis sali en faisant du vélo' (I got dirty while cycling).

Related Words

Learn the related words 'sale' (dirty - adjective) and 'saleté' (dirt - noun). This expands your vocabulary around the concept of dirtiness.

Agreement Matters

When using 'sali' with 'être', remember to agree it in gender and number with the subject (e.g., 'salie' for feminine singular, 'salis' for masculine plural, 'salies' for feminine plural).

Idiomatic Expressions

Familiarize yourself with common idiomatic uses like 'se salir les mains' (to get involved in practical work), which adds nuance to your understanding and usage.

Sentence Building

Create your own sentences using 'salir' in different tenses and forms. Try to use it in a variety of contexts, from household chores to outdoor activities.

암기하기

기억법

Imagine a 'SA'lad that has fallen on the floor, making it 'LI'terally dirty. So, 'SA-LI'r means to make dirty.

시각적 연상

Picture a clean white t-shirt. Now, imagine someone spills a dark, muddy liquid all over it. That action of spilling the mud is 'salir'. The t-shirt is now 'sale'.

Word Web

Dirty Messy Stain Mud Clean (opposite) Wash Tarnish Grime

챌린지

Try to describe three things in your room that are currently dirty, using the verb 'salir' or the adjective 'sale'.

어원

The French verb 'salir' originates from the Vulgar Latin word *sallire*, which itself is believed to derive from the Latin *sal* meaning 'salt'. The connection might be through the idea of saltiness or mineral deposits that could cause discoloration or dirtiness, or perhaps through a semantic shift related to something unpleasant or rough.

원래 의미: The original meaning is somewhat debated, but it likely relates to salt or a similar substance that could impart a disagreeable quality or appearance.

Indo-European > Italic > Latin > Vulgar Latin > Old French > French

문화적 맥락

While 'salir' is a common and neutral verb for physical dirtiness, its figurative uses (e.g., 'salir la réputation', 'salir le débat') can be sensitive and should be used with care, as they imply causing harm or disgrace.

In English-speaking cultures, the concept of 'getting dirty' is also very common, with similar expressions like 'don't make a mess' or 'you're all dirty'. The idiomatic meaning of 'getting your hands dirty' also exists and carries a similar positive connotation of active involvement.

Literature often uses 'salir' metaphorically to describe the corruption of innocence or the tarnishing of reputation. For example, a character might 'salir la mémoire' of another. Children's songs and rhymes frequently use 'salir' in simple contexts, like 'mon petit chat est tout sali' (my little cat is all dirty). Proverbs and sayings might touch upon the consequences of dirtiness, both literal and figurative.

실생활에서 연습하기

실제 사용 상황

Talking about laundry and clothes.

  • Mon t-shirt est sali.
  • Il faut laver ça.
  • Ne salis pas tes vêtements.

Children playing and making messes.

  • Les enfants se sont salis.
  • Attention, tu vas salir le canapé.
  • Ils ont sali le jardin.

Describing a dirty environment or object.

  • La voiture est sale.
  • Le sol est sali par la pluie.
  • Ces fenêtres sont sales.

Giving warnings or instructions.

  • Ne salis pas la table.
  • Attention, ça salit !
  • Il ne faut pas salir ici.

Figurative language (advanced).

  • Salir la réputation.
  • Salir le débat.
  • Se salir les mains.

대화 시작하기

"Did you get dirty today? What happened?"

"What's the dirtiest thing you've ever seen?"

"Do you enjoy cleaning, or do you prefer to avoid making things dirty?"

"What's the best way to clean something that's very dirty?"

"Tell me about a time you accidentally dirtied something important."

일기 주제

Describe a situation where you or someone else made a mess. What was it and how did you clean it up?

Write about a time you got dirty while playing or doing an activity. How did it feel?

Imagine you are a parent warning your child not to dirty something. Write the dialogue.

Reflect on the importance of cleanliness. How does dirtiness affect your mood or environment?

Describe an object that is currently dirty. What is it and why is it dirty?

자주 묻는 질문

10 질문

'Salir' is a verb meaning 'to make dirty' or 'to become dirty'. 'Sale' is an adjective meaning 'dirty'. For example, 'Le chien salit le tapis' (The dog dirties the carpet), and 'Le tapis est sale' (The carpet is dirty).

When 'salir' is used transitively (making something else dirty), you use 'avoir': 'J'ai sali ma chemise.' When it's used reflexively ('se salir' - to get dirty), you use 'être': 'Je me suis sali.' Also, when 'sali' is used as an adjective describing the state of being dirty, it uses 'être': 'La chemise est salie.'

'Se salir les mains' literally means 'to get one's hands dirty'. Figuratively, it means to engage directly in practical, hands-on work, often something that might be difficult, unpleasant, or requires direct involvement. It's a positive idiom implying active participation.

Yes, 'salir' can be used metaphorically, especially in more advanced French. For example, 'salir la réputation' means to damage someone's reputation, and 'salir le débat' means to make a discussion unpleasant or unproductive with irrelevant or offensive comments.

The most common opposite of 'salir' is 'nettoyer', which means 'to clean'. Other related antonyms include 'laver' (to wash) and 'purifier' (to purify).

Yes, when 'sali' is used as a past participle with 'être' (either reflexively with 'se salir' or as an adjective), it must agree in gender and number with the subject. For example: 'Il s'est sali.', 'Elle s'est salie.', 'Ils se sont salis.', 'Les robes sont salies.'

While 'salir' can be used for general dirtiness, the verb 'polluer' is more specific and commonly used for environmental pollution of air, water, or soil.

You can say 'C'est sale.' (It's dirty.) or 'C'est salissant.' (It's messy/It makes things dirty.). If something specific is dirty, you'd say 'Le [noun] est sale.' (The [noun] is dirty.)

'Salir' is general dirtiness. 'Tacher' specifically means to stain, leaving a mark. For example, you might 'salir' your shirt by spilling juice, and the juice might 'tacher' the fabric.

Yes, 'salir' is a very common verb used frequently in everyday French, especially when talking about practical matters like cleaning, playing, or household chores.

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Perfect score!

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