When talking about family members, dukra is a core vocabulary word to know. It directly translates to 'daughter'.
You might use it in sentences like, 'Mano dukra yra studentė' which means 'My daughter is a student'. Or, 'Aš turiu vieną dukrą' meaning 'I have one daughter'.
Pay attention to the endings when you use it in different grammatical cases, but for now, just focus on recognizing and using the basic form.
When talking about family members, dukra is a straightforward term for 'daughter'. It's a foundational vocabulary word for describing your immediate family. Like many nouns in Lithuanian, its ending will change depending on its role in the sentence. For example, 'mano dukra' (my daughter) or 'turiu dukrą' (I have a daughter).
§ Forgetting Cases: 'Dukra' is a Noun
Lithuanian is a case-driven language. This means that the ending of a noun changes depending on its function in a sentence. 'Dukra' (daughter) is no exception. A common mistake English speakers make is using the nominative form ('dukra') all the time, regardless of its role. This is incorrect and will sound unnatural to native speakers.
§ Nominative Case: 'Dukra' as Subject
When 'dukra' is the subject of a sentence, it stays in the nominative case, which is 'dukra'. This is the form you'll find in dictionaries.
Dukra miega.
- Translation Hint
- The daughter is sleeping.
§ Accusative Case: 'Dukrą' as Object
When 'dukra' is the direct object of a verb, it changes to the accusative case, which is 'dukrą'. This is a very common mistake to make, using 'dukra' instead of 'dukrą'.
Aš matau dukrą.
- Translation Hint
- I see the daughter.
§ Genitive Case: 'Dukros' for Possession/Of
The genitive case, 'dukros', is used to show possession or when translating 'of' in English. This is another area where learners often default to 'dukra'.
Čia yra dukros knyga.
- Translation Hint
- This is the daughter's book (or: This is the book of the daughter).
§ Dative Case: 'Dukrai' for To/For
When 'dukra' is the indirect object, meaning 'to the daughter' or 'for the daughter', it takes the dative case, 'dukrai'.
Aš daviau dovaną dukrai.
- Translation Hint
- I gave a gift to the daughter.
§ Instrumental Case: 'Dukra' with/by
The instrumental case, 'dukra' (yes, it looks like nominative, but the context and often prepositions will clarify), is used to express 'with the daughter' or 'by means of the daughter'. It's important to differentiate this from the nominative by looking at the sentence structure.
Aš kalbėjausi su dukra.
- Translation Hint
- I spoke with the daughter.
§ Locative Case: 'Dukroje' in/at
The locative case, 'dukroje', indicates 'in the daughter' or 'at the daughter'. While less common with 'dukra' in a literal sense, it's essential to know for other nouns.
Aš radau laimę dukroje.
- Translation Hint
- I found happiness in the daughter.
§ Incorrect Gender Agreement
'Dukra' is a feminine noun. This means any adjectives or pronouns referring to it must also be in the feminine form. English speakers, lacking grammatical gender, often forget this.
Mano graži dukra.
- Translation Hint
- My beautiful daughter. (Note: 'graži' is feminine)
§ Overgeneralizing from English
Don't try to directly translate English sentence structures into Lithuanian, especially when it comes to prepositions and noun functions. Lithuanian uses cases where English would use prepositions or word order.
- Incorrect: Aš eisiu su dukra. (Direct translation of 'I will go with daughter' but the case is wrong without 'su')
- Correct: Aš eisiu su dukra. (The preposition 'su' requires the instrumental case, which 'dukra' is in this context. The previous incorrect example assumed 'dukra' was in nominative after 'su'.)
§ Not Practicing Declensions
The only way to truly master the cases for 'dukra' and other nouns is to practice them regularly. Repetition is key for building muscle memory in a case-based language.
셀프 테스트 12 질문
This sentence means 'My daughter is a student.' The correct order is Subject (Mano dukra), Verb (yra), Object/Complement (studentė).
This sentence translates to 'She likes to read books.' The structure is Subject (Ji), Verb (mėgsta), Infinitive (skaityti), Object (knygas).
This means 'I have one daughter.' The word order is Subject (Aš), Verb (turiu), Quantity (vieną), Object (dukrą).
Kuris iš šių žodžių yra moteriškos giminės ir reiškia šeimos narį?
"Dukra" reiškia "daughter" (dukra) ir yra moteriškos giminės. Kiti variantai yra vyriškos giminės.
Jei kas nors sako: "Mano dukra studijuoja mediciną", ką jis tuo nori pasakyti?
Žodis "dukra" lietuviškai reiškia "daughter" (dukra).
Pasirinkite tinkamiausią žodį sakiniui: "Jų jauniausia ___ ką tik baigė universitetą su pagyrimu."
Atsižvelgiant į kontekstą apie baigimą universiteto su pagyrimu, "dukra" (daughter) labiausiai tinka, nes kiti žodžiai neatitinka giminės ar konteksto.
Teiginys: "Mano dukra yra patyrusi inžinierė" reiškia, kad mano sūnus yra patyręs inžinierius.
Žodis "dukra" reiškia "daughter" (dukra), o ne "son" (sūnus).
Teiginys: "Ji augina tris dukras" reiškia, kad ji turi tris mergaites.
"Dukra" (daughter) yra moteriškos giminės vaikas. Todėl trys dukros reiškia tris mergaites.
Teiginys: "Jo dukra yra profesionali sportininkė" yra teisingas, jei jis turi sūnų, kuris yra profesionalus sportininkas.
Žodis "dukra" reiškia "daughter" (dukra). Jei jis turi sūnų, tuomet sakinys būtų neteisingas, nes kalbama apie dukrą.
/ 12 correct
Perfect score!
