A2 Comparisons 1 min read 쉬움

Comparative Construction with Ablative Case

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

To compare two things in Mongolian, add the ablative suffix -аас/-ээс to the object you are comparing against.

  • Use -аас/-ээс after the noun you are comparing: 'Би чамаас өндөр' (I am taller than you).
  • The suffix changes based on vowel harmony: 'а, о, у' take -аас, while 'э, ө, ү' take -ээс.
  • The adjective remains in its base form without needing a special comparative suffix like '-er' in English.
Noun + [Ablative Suffix] + Adjective

Meanings

The ablative case in Mongolian is used to express comparison, indicating that one subject exceeds another in a specific quality.

1

Direct Comparison

Comparing two entities directly using an adjective.

“Би чамаас хурдан гүйдэг.”

“Өнөөдөр өчигдөрөөс дулаахан.”

2

Preference

Expressing that one thing is preferred over another.

“Би кофеноос цайг илүүд үздэг.”

“Тэр хүнээс ном уншихыг илүүд үздэг.”

3

Exceeding Quantity

Comparing amounts or numbers.

“Тэр надаас хоёр насаар ах.”

“Энэ нь төлөвлөснөөс илүү үнэтэй.”

Ablative Suffix Selection

Vowel Type Suffix Example Meaning
а, о, у -аас ном -> номноос than the book
э, ө, ү -ээс гэр -> гэрээс than the house
Pronoun (Би) -аас надаас than me
Pronoun (Чи) -аас чамаас than you
Pronoun (Тэр) -ээс тэрнээс than him/her
Plural -аас/-ээс хүмүүсээс than the people

Reference Table

Reference table for Comparative Construction with Ablative Case
Form Structure Example
Affirmative Noun + Suffix + Adjective Би чамаас өндөр.
Negative Noun + Suffix + Adjective + Үгүй Энэ тэрнээс муу биш.
Question Noun + Suffix + Adjective + Юу? Энэ тэрнээс том уу?
Preference Noun + Suffix + Object + Илүүд үзэх Би кофеноос цайг илүүд үздэг.
Quantity Noun + Suffix + Number + Adjective Тэр надаас хоёр насаар ах.
Comparison Noun + Suffix + Илүү + Adjective Энэ тэрнээс илүү сайн.

격식 수준 스펙트럼

격식체
Энэ машин тэрнээс илүү хурдан байна.

Энэ машин тэрнээс илүү хурдан байна. (Car enthusiast conversation)

중립
Энэ машин тэрнээс хурдан.

Энэ машин тэрнээс хурдан. (Car enthusiast conversation)

비격식체
Энэ машин тэрнээс хурдан шүү.

Энэ машин тэрнээс хурдан шүү. (Car enthusiast conversation)

속어
Энэ машин тэрнээс тасархай хурдан.

Энэ машин тэрнээс тасархай хурдан. (Car enthusiast conversation)

Ablative Comparison Map

Comparison

Pronouns

  • надаас than me
  • чамаас than you

Nouns

  • номноос than the book
  • хотоос than the city

Vowel Harmony Rules

Back Vowels (а, о, у)
номноос than the book
Front Vowels (э, ө, ү)
гэрээс than the house

How to build a comparison

1

Identify the object being compared

YES
Add -аас or -ээс
NO
Keep base form

Examples by Level

1

Энэ машин тэрнээс хурдан.

This car is faster than that one.

2

Би чамаас өндөр.

I am taller than you.

3

Өнөөдөр өчигдөрөөс халуун.

Today is hotter than yesterday.

4

Энэ ном дэвтрээс том.

This book is bigger than the notebook.

1

Би кофеноос цайг илүүд үздэг.

I prefer tea over coffee.

2

Тэр надаас хоёр насаар ах.

He is two years older than me.

3

Энэ хоол нөгөөхөөс амттай.

This food is tastier than the other one.

4

Улаанбаатар Дарханаас том.

Ulaanbaatar is bigger than Darkhan.

1

Энэ ажил миний бодсоноос хэцүү байна.

This job is harder than I thought.

2

Бид төлөвлөснөөс илүү их мөнгө зарцуулсан.

We spent more money than we planned.

3

Тэр хүнээс илүү ухаалаг хүн байхгүй.

There is no one smarter than that person.

4

Энэ нь өмнөхөөсөө илүү сайн байна.

This is better than the previous one.

1

Түүний туршлага бусад өргөдөл гаргагчдаас илүү байна.

His experience is better than the other applicants'.

2

Энэ шийдвэр нь хүлээлтээс давсан үр дүн авчирлаа.

This decision brought results that exceeded expectations.

3

Бидний нөхцөл байдал бусад орнуудаас өөр байна.

Our situation is different from other countries.

4

Тэрээр өөрийн үеийнхнээсээ илүү алсын хараатай байв.

He was more visionary than his contemporaries.

1

Түүний бичсэн зохиол нь өмнөх бүтээлүүдээсээ илүү гүн гүнзгий утгатай.

The novel he wrote has a deeper meaning than his previous works.

2

Энэхүү онол нь уламжлалт ойлголтоос эрс ялгаатай.

This theory is radically different from traditional understanding.

3

Тэрээр бусдаас илүү тэвчээртэй байсан нь гайхалтай.

It is amazing that he was more patient than others.

4

Бидний амжилт нь зөвхөн хүчин чармайлтаас гадна аз тохиосноос хамаарна.

Our success depends not only on effort but also on luck.

1

Энэхүү өөрчлөлт нь нийгмийн бүтэц дэх хувьсгалаас дутахгүй ач холбогдолтой.

This change is no less significant than a revolution in the social structure.

2

Түүний илтгэл нь урьд өмнө сонсож байсан бүхнээс илүү урам зоригтой байв.

His speech was more inspiring than anything I had heard before.

3

Энэхүү нээлт нь өмнөх шинжлэх ухааны парадигмаас эрс өөрчлөлтийг шаардаж байна.

This discovery demands a radical shift from the previous scientific paradigm.

4

Түүний үйлдэл нь үгнээс илүү хүчтэй байв.

His actions were stronger than words.

Easily Confused

Comparative Construction with Ablative Case Ablative (Origin) vs Ablative (Comparison)

Both use the same suffix -аас/-ээс.

Comparative Construction with Ablative Case Comparative vs Superlative

Learners often use the comparative when they mean the superlative.

Comparative Construction with Ablative Case Adjective vs Adverb

Learners sometimes try to add the suffix to the adverb.

자주 하는 실수

Би том чи

Би чамаас том

Missing the ablative suffix on the pronoun.

Энэ ном ном-аас том

Энэ ном номноос том

Incorrect suffix attachment.

Би чамээс өндөр

Би чамаас өндөр

Vowel harmony error.

Энэ ном том-аас

Энэ ном номноос том

Suffix placed on the adjective instead of the noun.

Би кофе-аас цайг илүүд үздэг

Би кофеноос цайг илүүд үздэг

Incorrect suffix attachment.

Тэр надаа ах

Тэр надаас ах

Missing the 'с' in the suffix.

Энэ нь илүү сайн тэрнээс

Энэ нь тэрнээс илүү сайн

Word order error.

Бодсон-ээс хэцүү

Бодсоноос хэцүү

Vowel harmony error.

Төлөвлөсөн-аас илүү

Төлөвлөснөөс илүү

Vowel harmony error.

Хүн-аас илүү ухаалаг

Хүнээс илүү ухаалаг

Vowel harmony error.

Зохиол-аас илүү гүн

Зохиолоос илүү гүн

Vowel harmony error.

Ойлголт-аас ялгаатай

Ойлголтоос ялгаатай

Vowel harmony error.

Парадигм-аас өөр

Парадигмаас өөр

Vowel harmony error.

Үг-ээс илүү хүчтэй

Үгнээс илүү хүчтэй

Vowel harmony error.

Sentence Patterns

Би ___ илүүд үздэг.

Энэ ___ илүү сайн.

Тэр надаас ___.

Энэ нь бодсоноос ___.

Real World Usage

Social Media very common

Энэ кино номноос илүү гоё байна!

Ordering Food common

Энэ хоол нөгөөхөөс халуун ногоотой юу?

Job Interview common

Би өмнөх ажлаасаа илүү их туршлагатай.

Travel common

Энэ зочид буудал нөгөөхөөс хямд.

Texting constant

Би чамаас илүү хурдан ирнэ.

Shopping common

Энэ утас нөгөөхөөс илүү сайн камертай.

💡

Vowel Harmony Check

Always look at the last vowel of the noun before adding the suffix. If it's a, o, u, use -аас. If e, ö, ü, use -ээс.
⚠️

Don't add to Adjectives

The suffix never goes on the adjective. It always goes on the noun you are comparing against.
🎯

Use 'илүү' for Emphasis

You can add the word 'илүү' (more) before the adjective to make the comparison stronger.
💬

Pronoun Changes

Remember that pronouns like 'Би' and 'Чи' change their form completely when the suffix is added.

Smart Tips

Always remember to use the pronoun form (надаас, чамаас) instead of the base pronoun.

Би чи том. Би чамаас том.

Check the last vowel of the noun. If it's a, o, u, it's a, o, u suffix.

Ном-ээс. Номноос.

Add 'илүү' before the adjective.

Энэ тэрнээс сайн. Энэ тэрнээс илүү сайн.

You can use the ablative case with numbers.

Тэр надаас хоёр нас ах. Тэр надаас хоёр насаар ах.

발음

nom-noos

Ablative Suffix

The suffix is pronounced as a single unit with the noun. The 'с' is soft.

ger-ees

Vowel Harmony

Ensure the vowel in the suffix matches the vowel in the noun.

Statement

Би чамаас өндөр↗

Neutral assertion of fact.

Question

Энэ тэрнээс том уу?↗

Rising intonation for yes/no questions.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Think of the suffix as a 'Subtracting' sign: you are taking the quality away from the other object to see who has more.

Visual Association

Imagine a giant scale. On one side is a small box, on the other is a big box. The big box is 'pulling' the weight away from the small one.

Rhyme

Vowel back is -аас, Vowel front is -ээс, Comparison is easy, just follow the rules!

Story

Bat and Bold are comparing their height. Bat says 'I am taller than you'. In Mongolian, he says 'Би чамаас өндөр'. He points to Bold, adds the suffix, and stands tall.

Word Web

надаасчамаасномноосилүүахтомхурдан

챌린지

Write 5 sentences comparing objects in your room (e.g., 'The table is bigger than the chair').

문화 노트

Comparisons are often used to describe the quality of livestock or land. It is a very practical language.

Modern urbanites use these comparisons to discuss technology, fashion, and urban life.

In formal settings, the ablative case is used to maintain precision and logical flow in arguments.

The ablative case is an ancient feature of Mongolic languages, derived from the need to express movement away from a source.

Conversation Starters

Чиний бодлоор аль нь илүү вэ?

Энэ хоол нөгөөхөөс амттай юу?

Таны өмнөх ажил энэ ажлаас юугаараа өөр вэ?

Энэ онол уламжлалт ойлголтоос хэрхэн ялгаатай вэ?

Journal Prompts

Compare your favorite food with another food.
Compare your hometown with Ulaanbaatar.
Describe a change in your life and compare it to the past.
Argue for a specific opinion by comparing two different viewpoints.

Test Yourself

Fill in the blank with the correct ablative suffix.

Би чам___ өндөр.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: а
The pronoun 'Чи' takes the -аас suffix.
Choose the correct sentence. 객관식

Which sentence is grammatically correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
The noun 'ном' takes -аас due to vowel harmony.
Correct the error in the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Би кофе-ээс цайг илүүд үздэг.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
The word 'кофе' requires -ноос.
Rearrange the words to form a correct sentence. Sentence Building

өндөр / Би / чамаас

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Standard Mongolian word order is Subject-Object-Adjective.
Match the noun with its correct ablative form. Match Pairs

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Correct vowel harmony and pronoun forms.
Select the correct comparative sentence. 객관식

Which sentence correctly uses the ablative case?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
The noun 'өчигдөр' takes -өөс.
Fill in the blank with the correct form.

Энэ машин тэрн___ хурдан.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
The pronoun 'тэр' takes -ээс.
Transform the sentence into a comparative one. Sentence Transformation

Энэ ном том. (Compare with 'тэр ном')

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Adding the ablative suffix to the noun 'тэр ном'.

Score: /8

연습 문제

8 exercises
Fill in the blank with the correct ablative suffix.

Би чам___ өндөр.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: а
The pronoun 'Чи' takes the -аас suffix.
Choose the correct sentence. 객관식

Which sentence is grammatically correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
The noun 'ном' takes -аас due to vowel harmony.
Correct the error in the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Би кофе-ээс цайг илүүд үздэг.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
The word 'кофе' requires -ноос.
Rearrange the words to form a correct sentence. Sentence Building

өндөр / Би / чамаас

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Standard Mongolian word order is Subject-Object-Adjective.
Match the noun with its correct ablative form. Match Pairs

Match: ном, гэр, би, чи

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Correct vowel harmony and pronoun forms.
Select the correct comparative sentence. 객관식

Which sentence correctly uses the ablative case?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
The noun 'өчигдөр' takes -өөс.
Fill in the blank with the correct form.

Энэ машин тэрн___ хурдан.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
The pronoun 'тэр' takes -ээс.
Transform the sentence into a comparative one. Sentence Transformation

Энэ ном том. (Compare with 'тэр ном')

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Adding the ablative suffix to the noun 'тэр ном'.

Score: /8

자주 묻는 질문 (8)

It depends on vowel harmony. If the word has back vowels (а, о, у), use -аас. If it has front vowels (э, ө, ү), use -ээс.

Yes, absolutely. 'Би чамаас өндөр' (I am taller than you) is a perfect example.

The rule remains the same. Look at the last vowel of the word.

No, the suffix -аас/-ээс functions as 'than'.

Yes, you can compare abstract concepts like time, quality, or ideas.

Forgetting vowel harmony or adding the suffix to the adjective instead of the noun.

You can use the word 'илүү' (more) before the adjective to emphasize the comparison.

Yes, it is standard in all registers of Mongolian.

In Other Languages

Spanish low

más ... que

Spanish uses separate words, Mongolian uses a suffix.

French low

plus ... que

French uses separate words, Mongolian uses a suffix.

German low

als

German uses a particle, Mongolian uses a case suffix.

Japanese moderate

no hou ga

Japanese uses a particle 'hou ga' for comparison, Mongolian uses the ablative case.

Arabic moderate

min

Arabic uses a preposition, Mongolian uses a case suffix.

Chinese low

比 (bǐ)

Chinese uses a comparative verb, Mongolian uses a case suffix.

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