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A1 verb 12분 분량

biegać

예시
설명 biegać in your Level:
At the A1 level, you only need to know that 'biegać' means 'to run' as a general activity. You should focus on the present tense: 'Ja biegam', 'Ty biegasz', 'On biega'. You use it to talk about your hobbies. For example, 'Lubię biegać' (I like to run). You might also hear it as a command: 'Nie biegaj!' (Don't run!). At this stage, don't worry about the difference between 'biegać' and 'biec' too much; just use 'biegać' for the general concept of the sport or exercise. You should also learn the basic preposition 'w' or 'po' with the park: 'Biegam w parku'. The most important thing is to remember the '-am, -asz' endings which are very regular. This verb is a great introduction to Polish verbs of motion because it is so predictable in its conjugation. You will often see it in simple stories about children or animals. For example, 'Pies biega' (The dog runs). It is a high-frequency word that helps you describe daily routines and simple physical actions. Focus on mastering the first, second, and third person singular forms first, as these are what you'll use to talk about yourself and others in basic conversations.
At the A2 level, you should start using 'biegać' to describe habits and frequent actions using time expressions like 'często' (often), 'codziennie' (every day), or 'nigdy' (never). You will also learn the past tense: 'biegałem' (male) and 'biegałam' (female). At this level, you should begin to understand that 'biegać' is used for multi-directional movement. If you are 'running around' a place, you use 'biegać'. For example, 'Dzieci biegały po ogrodzie' (Children were running around the garden). You should also be able to form simple questions: 'Czy biegasz rano?' (Do you run in the morning?). You might start encountering the future tense: 'Będę biegać' (I will be running). This is also the time to learn the noun 'bieganie' (running/jogging) as a gerund. For example, 'Bieganie jest zdrowe' (Running is healthy). You should be comfortable using the verb with different subjects and in simple past/present/future contexts. Understanding the 'habitual' nature of this verb is key to moving toward the B1 level, where the distinction between indeterminate and determinate verbs becomes more formal.
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At the B1 level, you are expected to clearly distinguish between 'biegać' (indeterminate) and 'biec' (determinate). You should know that 'biegać' is for habits, repeated trips, or movement without a specific destination, while 'biec' is for a specific, one-time movement in one direction. You will also start using 'biegać' with more complex prepositions and cases. For example, 'biegać za kimś' (to run after/chase someone) using the Instrumental case. You should also be familiar with the delimitative form 'pobiegać' (to run for a while). For instance, 'Chcę trochę pobiegać' (I want to run for a bit). At B1, you can use 'biegać' in more metaphorical contexts, like 'biegać za interesami' (to chase business deals). You should also be able to use the conditional mood: 'Biegałbym więcej, gdybym miał czas' (I would run more if I had time). Your vocabulary should expand to include related words like 'bieżnia' (treadmill) or 'biegacz' (runner). You are now moving from simple descriptions to being able to discuss the nuances of physical activity and schedules.
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At the B2 level, you should have a firm grasp of the 'biegać' family of verbs, including prefixed forms that maintain the indeterminate sense, though these are less common than prefixed 'biec' forms. You should understand how 'biegać' functions in reported speech and more complex grammatical structures. You can use 'biegać' to describe complex social phenomena, such as 'biegać po urzędach' to describe dealing with bureaucracy. You should be able to discuss the health benefits and risks of running using more advanced vocabulary. For example, 'Bieganie po twardej nawierzchni może obciążać stawy' (Running on hard surfaces can strain the joints). You should also recognize 'biegać' in literature where it might be used to set a scene or describe a character's state of mind (e.g., 'biegać myślami' - to have one's thoughts racing). Your use of tenses and moods with 'biegać' should be flawless, and you should be able to explain the aspectual difference between 'biegać' and 'biegnąć' to a lower-level student. You might also start using the passive voice or impersonal forms where appropriate, though 'biegać' is mostly used in the active voice.
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At the C1 level, you use 'biegać' with native-like precision, including its many idiomatic and metaphorical applications. You understand subtle nuances, such as using 'biegać' to describe the 'running' of a mechanism or the 'flow' of a narrative in specific literary contexts. You are familiar with idioms like 'biegać jak oparzony' (to run like scalded/very fast and frantically) or 'biegać z wywieszonym językiem' (to run with one's tongue hanging out/to be exhausted). You can participate in deep discussions about sports science, the history of marathons in Poland, or the sociological impact of the 'running boom'. You should be able to use the verb in sophisticated writing, such as an essay on urban planning where 'biegać' might describe the movement of people through a city. You also recognize the archaic or dialectal uses of the word if they appear in classical Polish literature. Your understanding of the verb is not just grammatical but also deeply cultural, recognizing how the word fits into the broader Polish linguistic worldview.
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At the C2 level, 'biegać' is a tool you manipulate with complete mastery and creativity. You can use it in wordplay, puns, and high-level rhetoric. You understand the etymological roots of the word and its relationship to other Slavic languages. You can analyze the use of 'biegać' in the poetry of Wisława Szymborska or the prose of Olga Tokarczuk, noting how the verb contributes to the rhythm and imagery of the text. You are aware of very niche or technical uses, perhaps in medicine (the way certain impulses 'run' through nerves) or advanced mechanics. You can switch between registers perfectly—using 'biegać' in a formal report about public health and then using slang variants like 'zasuwać' in a casual conversation with friends. For you, 'biegać' is no longer just a verb of motion; it is a versatile element of the Polish language that you can use to express a vast range of physical, emotional, and abstract concepts with total fluency and stylistic flair.
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예시

The Polish verb biegać is a fundamental building block of the Polish language, specifically categorized as an imperfective indeterminate verb. To an English speaker, it simply translates to 'to run', but in the nuanced world of Slavic aspect, it carries a sense of habituality, multi-directionality, or movement without a specific destination in mind. You use biegać when you are talking about running as a hobby, a daily exercise routine, or when a child is running around a playground in circles. It is the go-to word for 'jogging' or 'going for a run' in a general sense.

Habitual Action
Use this verb when describing something you do regularly. For example, 'I run every Monday' would use biegam because it is a repeated event.

Understanding the difference between biegać and its counterpart biec is crucial. While biec describes a person running in one specific direction at this very moment (like running to catch a bus), biegać is much more relaxed and broad. It covers the physical act of running as a state of being or a recurring activity. If you tell someone 'Lubię biegać' (I like to run), you are talking about the sport. If you say 'Biegam po parku' (I run around the park), you are describing the general area of your activity rather than a linear path from A to B.

Dzieci uwielbiają biegać po trawie w słoneczne dni.

Translation: Children love to run on the grass on sunny days.
Errands and Busywork
In a metaphorical sense, Poles use biegać to describe being busy with errands. 'Biegać po mieście' means running around town to get things done, even if you are actually driving or walking.

Mój brat codziennie biega pięć kilometrów przed pracą.

In social contexts, asking 'Czy biegasz?' is a common way to inquire if someone is into fitness. It is a very positive, active verb that implies health and energy. You will also see it used in newspapers and sports blogs frequently, as Poland has a massive running culture with many marathons and 'Bieg Niepodległości' (Independence Run) events. The word is versatile, appearing in nursery rhymes about animals and in serious athletic coaching manuals alike.

Conjugation Class
It belongs to the '-ać' conjugation group (Group I), which is the most regular and easiest for English speakers to learn. The stem 'biega-' remains consistent throughout most forms.

Nie biegaj z nożyczkami w ręku!

Finally, 'biegać' is often used with prepositions like 'po' (around/over) or 'za' (after). 'Biegać za piłką' (to run after a ball) is a standard phrase in football (soccer) culture. As you progress, you will see how 'biegać' forms the base for many prefixed verbs like 'przebiegać' (to run across) or 'wybiegać' (to run out), but the core meaning of sustained, non-linear movement always remains at its heart.

Using biegać correctly requires a basic understanding of Polish conjugation and the use of cases with prepositions. Because it is a verb of motion, it often interacts with the Locative case (where the running happens) or the Accusative case (what someone is running after). Let's break down the most common sentence structures you will encounter as a learner.

Present Tense Conjugation
Ja biegam (I run), Ty biegasz (You run), On/Ona/Ono biega (He/She/It runs), My biegamy (We run), Wy biegacie (You all run), Oni/One biegają (They run).

When you want to express the location of the running, you typically use the preposition 'po' followed by the Locative case. This 'po' implies 'all over' or 'around'. For example, 'biegać po lesie' means running through the woods. If you use 'w' (in), it is also acceptable but 'po' is more natural for the 'running around' sense of this specific verb.

Często biegamy po plaży o zachodzie słońca.

Translation: We often run along the beach at sunset.

In the past tense, biegać follows the standard rules for '-ać' verbs. It changes based on the gender of the subject. 'Biegałem' (I ran - male), 'Biegałam' (I ran - female). Since it is an imperfective verb, using it in the past tense usually implies that the running was a continuous activity or a habit in the past, rather than a completed journey.

Past Tense Examples
W zeszłym roku dużo biegałem. (Last year I ran a lot.)
Ona biegała codziennie, zanim złamała nogę. (She used to run every day before she broke her leg.)

Czy biegałaś rano, czy wieczorem?

For the future tense, because biegać is imperfective, you must use the compound future: the conjugated form of 'być' (to be) plus the infinitive or the past participle. 'Będę biegać' or 'Będę biegał/biegała' both mean 'I will be running' or 'I will run'. This indicates a future habit or a future continuous action.

Questions and Negations
To ask a question, simply add 'Czy' at the beginning: 'Czy lubisz biegać?' (Do you like to run?). To negate, add 'nie' before the verb: 'Nie biegam, bo bolą mnie kolana' (I don't run because my knees hurt).

Jutro rano będziemy biegać w zawodach.

When using biegać with other verbs, it often follows verbs of preference or intent. 'Chcę biegać' (I want to run), 'Muszę biegać' (I must run), 'Zaczynam biegać' (I am starting to run). In these cases, the second verb remains in the infinitive form. This is one of the most natural ways to build complex thoughts in Polish as an A1-A2 learner.

In contemporary Poland, biegać is everywhere. If you walk through any city park like Warsaw's Pole Mokotowskie or Krakow's Błonia, you will see 'biegacze' (runners) and hear people discussing their 'trening' (training). It's a culturally significant word because fitness has become a major lifestyle trend in Poland over the last two decades.

In the Gym and Fitness Clubs
Personal trainers will often ask: 'Jak często biegasz?' (How often do you run?) or tell you 'Dzisiaj będziemy biegać na bieżni' (Today we will be running on the treadmill).

You will also hear this word frequently in a domestic setting. Parents often shout at their children in hallways or museums: 'Nie biegaj!' (Don't run!). In this context, it is a command to stop moving chaotically or dangerously. Similarly, in schools, PE teachers (nauczyciele WF-u) use it constantly during warm-ups: 'Biegamy dookoła boiska!' (We are running around the field!).

Przestań biegać po domu w butach!

Translation: Stop running around the house in shoes!

Another common place to hear biegać is in the workplace, but in a metaphorical sense. If a colleague is stressed, they might say: 'Biegam cały dzień od spotkania do spotkania' (I've been running all day from meeting to meeting). This doesn't mean they are sprinting; it means they are extremely busy and moving quickly between tasks. It's the Polish equivalent of 'running around like a headless chicken'.

In Media and Sports Commentary
During a football match, a commentator might say: 'Lewandowski dużo biega, szukając wolnego miejsca' (Lewandowski is running a lot, looking for space). Here, it describes the continuous effort of the player.

Wszyscy biegają teraz za promocjami w Black Friday.

In songs and literature, biegać often evokes a sense of freedom or childhood innocence. You'll find it in lyrics about running through meadows (biegać po łąkach) or running towards a dream. It's a word that carries a lot of kinetic energy and is almost always associated with vitality. Even in medical contexts, a doctor might ask 'Czy może pan biegać?' to check the mobility of a patient's joints.

The 'Errand' Context
If someone calls you and you can't talk, you might say: 'Sorki, biegam po urzędach, oddzwonię!' (Sorry, I'm running around government offices, I'll call back!).

Pies biega w ogrodzie i szczeka.

To summarize, you will hear biegać whenever there is motion without a single, straight-line destination. Whether it's a dog in a garden, a professional athlete in training, a busy clerk, or a child playing tag, 'biegać' is the linguistic engine that drives the description of their movement.

The most frequent mistake English speakers make when learning biegać is failing to distinguish it from its 'determinate' twin, biec. In English, we just say 'I am running'. In Polish, you have to choose based on the 'how' and 'where' of the action. If you say 'Biegam do sklepu' (I run to the store), it sounds like you have a habit of running to the store every day. If you are actually on your way to the store right now, you must use 'Biegnę do sklepu'.

Biegać vs. Biec
Mistake: 'Biegam teraz do pracy!' (I'm running to work now!).
Correct: 'Biegnę teraz do pracy!' (Specific direction, right now).

Another common error is related to conjugation. Because 'biegać' is so similar to 'biec', students sometimes mix up the endings. 'Biegać' follows the '-am, -asz' pattern, while 'biec' is much more irregular (biegnę, biegniesz). Remember: if the infinitive ends in '-ać', the conjugation is usually the simple, regular one. Don't overcomplicate biegać!

On biega (He runs - habit) vs. On biegnie (He is running - right now).

Prepositional mistakes are also frequent. English speakers often want to use 'w' (in) for everything. While 'biegać w parku' is grammatically correct, 'biegać po parku' is much more idiomatic. The preposition 'po' suggests the entire surface or area of the park is being used. Using 'w' sounds a bit more like you are contained within a box while running.

The 'After' Trap
To say 'running after someone', use 'za' + Instrumental case. 'Biegać za kotem' (Running after the cat). Avoid using 'po' in this context, as 'biegać po kocie' would mean running on top of the cat!

Nie biegajcie po korytarzu! (Don't run in the hallway!)

Finally, learners often forget that biegać is imperfective. If you want to say 'I ran 5 miles' (as a completed achievement), you would typically use the perfective 'przebiegłem 5 mil'. Using 'biegałem 5 mil' sounds like 'I was running 5 miles' or 'I used to run 5 miles'. The choice of aspect changes the meaning from a completed accomplishment to a description of an activity.

The 'Jogging' Confusion
Poles do use the word 'jogging' (pronounced similarly to English), but 'biegać' is much more common. Don't feel like you have to use the loanword to sound modern; 'biegać' is perfectly fine for all fitness levels.

Lubię biegać boso po trawie.

To avoid these mistakes, always ask yourself: 'Is this a habit or a one-time trip?' and 'Am I moving around an area or towards a goal?'. If it's a habit or 'around an area', biegać is your best friend. Keep the conjugation simple, watch your prepositions, and you'll sound like a native in no time.

While biegać is the most general word for running, Polish offers a rich palette of synonyms and related verbs that can add flavor and precision to your speech. Depending on the speed, the intent, or the level of formality, you might want to choose a different term.

Biec vs. Biegać
As discussed, biec is the determinate version. Use it for 'I am running to the station right now'. It is more urgent and goal-oriented.
Pędzić
This means 'to rush' or 'to speed'. It implies a much higher velocity than 'biegać'. You might 'pędzić' to a meeting if you are late.
Gnać
Similar to 'pędzić', but often used for animals or vehicles. 'Gnać przed siebie' means to run forward at full speed without looking back.

Samochód pędził przez miasto, a my musieliśmy biegać, żeby zdążyć na autobus.

If you are talking about a very slow run, you might use truchtać. This is the equivalent of 'to jog' or 'to trot'. It's often used by athletes during a warm-down or by older people enjoying a gentle pace. On the other end of the spectrum, sprintować is a direct loanword used specifically for sprinting in a race.

Lecieć
Literally 'to fly', but very commonly used in informal Polish to mean 'to run' or 'to go quickly'. 'Lecę do sklepu!' is a very common way to say 'I'm running to the store!'.

Muszę już lecieć, bo biegam dzisiaj od rana.

When discussing the results of running, we look at prefixed versions. Pobiegać means 'to run for a little while' (delimitative). Wybiegać się means 'to run until one is tired' (often said of dogs or energetic children). Przebiegać means 'to run across' or 'to cover a distance by running'.

Comparison Table
  • Biegać: General, habitual, multi-directional.
  • Biec: Specific, current, one-directional.
  • Truchtać: Slow, jogging pace.
  • Pędzić: Very fast, rushing.
  • Lecieć: Informal, 'gotta go' speed.

Zamiast biegać bez celu, lepiej pobiegać pół godziny dla zdrowia.

Understanding these alternatives allows you to express not just the action of moving your legs fast, but the mood and intent behind it. Whether you are 'truchtając' for fun or 'pędząc' because you're late, you are building a more sophisticated Polish vocabulary.

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수준별 예문

1

Ja biegam w parku.

I run in the park.

Present tense, 1st person singular.

2

Czy ty biegasz?

Do you run?

Question with 'czy' and 2nd person singular.

3

On biega codziennie.

He runs every day.

3rd person singular, habitual action.

4

My biegamy rano.

We run in the morning.

1st person plural.

5

Dzieci biegają.

The children are running.

3rd person plural.

6

Nie biegaj tutaj!

Don't run here!

Imperative, negative.

7

Ona lubi biegać.

She likes to run.

Infinitive after 'lubić'.

8

Pies biega w ogrodzie.

The dog runs in the garden.

3rd person singular.

1

Często biegałem po lesie.

I often ran through the forest.

Past tense, masculine.

2

Czy biegałaś wczoraj?

Did you run yesterday?

Past tense, feminine question.

3

Będziemy biegać wieczorem.

We will be running in the evening.

Future compound tense.

4

Oni biegali razem w szkole.

They used to run together at school.

Past tense, virile plural.

5

Bieganie to mój ulubiony sport.

Running is my favorite sport.

Gerund as a noun.

6

Zawsze biegamy po plaży na wakacjach.

We always run on the beach during holidays.

Habitual present tense.

7

Mama biegała za mną, kiedy byłem mały.

Mom used to run after me when I was little.

Past tense with 'za' + Instrumental.

8

Nie chcę biegać, kiedy pada deszcz.

I don't want to run when it rains.

Negative infinitive construction.

1

Biegałem po całym mieście, żeby znaleźć ten prezent.

I ran all over town to find this gift.

Metaphorical use for errands.

2

Jeśli będzie ładna pogoda, pójdziemy pobiegać.

If the weather is nice, we will go for a run.

Conditional and delimitative 'pobiegać'.

3

Ona biegała maratony, zanim doznała kontuzji.

She used to run marathons before she got injured.

Habitual past tense.

4

Dlaczego ten pies biega bez smyczy?

Why is this dog running without a leash?

Indeterminate motion in a general area.

5

Biegam, żeby utrzymać dobrą kondycję.

I run to stay in good shape.

Purpose clause with 'żeby'.

6

Możemy pobiegać razem w sobotę?

Can we go for a run together on Saturday?

Delimitative 'pobiegać' in a request.

7

On biegał wzrokiem po pokoju, szukając kluczy.

His eyes were darting around the room, looking for keys.

Metaphorical 'biegać wzrokiem'.

8

Bieganie boso jest coraz bardziej popularne.

Barefoot running is becoming more popular.

Gerund as subject.

1

Biegał od lekarza do lekarza, ale nikt mu nie pomógł.

He ran from doctor to doctor, but no one helped him.

Idiomatic use for seeking help.

2

Przez całe rano biegałam za dokumentami do urzędu.

All morning I was running after documents for the office.

Metaphorical use for bureaucracy.

3

Biegaj tak długo, aż poczujesz zmęczenie.

Run for as long as it takes to feel tired.

Imperative with a result clause.

4

Wiele osób biega teraz w celach charytatywnych.

Many people run now for charitable purposes.

Abstract purpose for the action.

5

Gdybym nie biegał regularnie, czułbym się znacznie gorzej.

If I didn't run regularly, I would feel much worse.

Second conditional.

6

Biegał za piłką przez dziewięćdziesiąt minut meczu.

He ran after the ball for the ninety minutes of the match.

Sustained action over time.

7

Zamiast biegać bezmyślnie, zaplanuj swój trening.

Instead of running aimlessly, plan your training.

Gerund-like use of infinitive.

8

Biegała radosna, bo dostała nową pracę.

She was running around happy because she got a new job.

Expressing an emotional state through motion.

1

Biegał jak oparzony, próbując naprawić swój błąd.

He ran like he was scalded, trying to fix his mistake.

Idiomatic expression 'jak oparzony'.

2

Współczesny człowiek ciągle gdzieś biega, zapominając o odpoczynku.

Modern man is constantly running somewhere, forgetting about rest.

Philosophical/Sociological observation.

3

Biegał myślami po odległych krainach, nie słuchając wykładu.

His thoughts were racing through distant lands, not listening to the lecture.

Metaphorical 'biegać myślami'.

4

Bieganie maratonów stało się dla niego formą medytacji.

Running marathons became a form of meditation for him.

Gerund as subject in complex sentence.

5

Politycy biegają za głosami wyborców przed każdymi wyborami.

Politicians chase after voters' votes before every election.

Metaphorical 'biegać za czymś'.

6

Biegała z wywieszonym językiem, żeby zdążyć ze wszystkimi terminami.

She was running with her tongue hanging out to meet all the deadlines.

Idiom 'z wywieszonym językiem'.

7

Dzieciństwo kojarzy mi się z bieganiem boso po rosie.

Childhood is associated for me with running barefoot on the dew.

Gerund in a prepositional phrase.

8

Biegał po scenie, gestykulując gwałtownie podczas spektaklu.

He was running around the stage, gesturing violently during the performance.

Descriptive participle and verb of motion.

1

W jego prozie słowa biegają swobodnie, tworząc oniryczne obrazy.

In his prose, words run freely, creating dreamlike images.

Highly metaphorical literary use.

2

Biegać na krawędzi obłędu to częsty motyw w literaturze romantycznej.

Running on the edge of madness is a frequent motif in Romantic literature.

Abstract metaphorical usage.

3

Mechanizm zegara biegał bez zarzutu przez ponad sto lat.

The clock mechanism ran flawlessly for over a hundred years.

Technical/Archaic use for machinery.

4

Biegała za marzeniami, które zawsze okazywały się nieuchwytne.

She chased dreams that always turned out to be elusive.

Metaphorical pursuit of abstract goals.

5

Rumieniec biegał po jej policzkach, zdradzając głębokie zawstydzenie.

A blush ran across her cheeks, betraying deep embarrassment.

Personification of a physical reaction.

6

Biegał po meandrach historii, szukając prawdy o swoich przodkach.

He ran through the meanders of history, searching for the truth about his ancestors.

Intellectual/Metaphorical journey.

7

Nie sposób biegać przed przeznaczeniem, ono zawsze nas dogoni.

It is impossible to run from destiny; it will always catch up with us.

Philosophical maxim.

8

Biegał między prawdą a kłamstwem, aż sam stracił orientację.

He ran between truth and lies until he himself lost his bearings.

Metaphorical moral conflict.

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