B1 · 중급 챕터 35

Reported Speech

4 총 규칙
24 예문
1 분
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배울 내용

Shifting tenses and pronouns in reported statements. Mastering the art of indirect communication.

  • Reported Speech Basics
    Reported speech turns direct quotes into smooth sentences by shifting pronouns, tenses, and using connectors like că.
  • Tense Shifts
    Master the reflexive se and tense shifts to report information objectively and professionally in Romanian.
  • Indirect Questions
    Wrap questions in polite phrases using dacă or question words to sound like a sophisticated Romanian speaker.

주요 예문 (6)

1

Ion spune că îi place cafeaua.

Ion says that he likes coffee.

Reported Speech Basics
2

Maria a zis că era obosită.

Maria said she was tired.

Reported Speech Basics
3

Se spune că vremea va fi frumoasă mâine.

It is said that the weather will be beautiful tomorrow.

Tense Shifts
4

S-a crezut că el a plecat deja.

It was believed that he had already left.

Tense Shifts
5

Vă rog să-mi spuneți unde este stația de metrou.

Please tell me where the subway station is.

Indirect Questions
6

Mă întreb dacă va ploua astăzi.

I wonder if it will rain today.

Indirect Questions

팁과 요령 (4)

💡

The 'Că' Rule

Think of că as a bridge. It connects the person speaking to the message they sent. Without the bridge, the sentence falls apart!
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Reported Speech Basics
🎯

The 'Se' Trick

If you can replace 'People say' with 'It is said', always use 'Se'. It's the fastest way to sound like a native.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Tense Shifts
💡

The Mirror Rule

Imagine you are holding a mirror. If you report what someone said, you are turning the mirror to face them, not you.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Pronoun Shifts
💡

The 'Dacă' Rule

Always use dacă when you could translate it as 'if' or 'whether'. It's the most common connector in Romanian.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Indirect Questions

빠른 연습 (10)

Complete: Ei au zis că ___ sunt obosiți.

Ei au zis că ___ sunt obosiți.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ei
Subject is 'they'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Pronoun Shifts

Complete the polite request for information.

Vă rog să-mi spuneți ___ este ora.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: b
In Romanian, to ask for the time, we use 'cât' (Cât e ceasul?).

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Indirect Questions

Report the question: 'Vii la petrecere?'

M-a întrebat ___ vin la petrecere.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: c
For yes/no questions, 'dacă' (if/whether) is the correct connector.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Reported Speech Basics

Change the active sentence to a passive reported one: 'Oamenii spun că el este un geniu.'

___ că el este un geniu.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Se spune
We use 'se spune' to translate 'it is said' in the present tense.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Tense Shifts

Select the correct reported version.

Direct: 'Eu sunt obosit.' Reported: ___

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: El a spus că el este obosit.
Shift 'eu' to 'el'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Pronoun Shifts

Find the error: El a zis că mașina mea e a lui.

Find and fix the mistake:

El a zis că mașina mea e a lui.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: mea
Should be 'lui'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Pronoun Shifts

Which is correct?

Mi-a zis că ___ sunt prietenul ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: eu/lui
Shift 'tu' to 'eu' and 'meu' to 'lui'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Pronoun Shifts

Report the command: 'Taci!' (Be quiet!)

Profesorul ne-a spus ___ tăcem.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Commands and requests are reported using the 'să' connector.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Reported Speech Basics

Choose the correct connector for the indirect question.

Nu știu ___ vine la petrecere.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: b
We use 'dacă' because it is a Yes/No question (Is he coming or not?). 'Că' is for statements.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Indirect Questions

Choose the correct past tense shift: 'S-a crezut că ea (a fi) la birou.'

S-a crezut că ea ___ la birou.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: era
When the reporting verb is in the past (S-a crezut), the state in the clause shifts to the imperfect (era).

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Tense Shifts

Score: /10

자주 묻는 질문 (6)

It is retelling what someone said without quoting them word-for-word. You use it to share information or stories, like saying A zis că vine.
Not really! It just requires shifting pronouns and choosing the right connector like că or să. Once you get the pattern, it's very repetitive.
It is a way to share information without identifying the source. In Romanian, we use se + a reporting verb like se spune (it is said).
The most common way is Se spune că.... It is perfect for both formal and informal contexts.
Pentru că perspectiva se schimbă. Când raportezi, nu mai ești persoana care a vorbit inițial.
Da, în vorbirea informală poți omite 'că'.
이전 챕터
Passive Voice
다음 챕터
Gerunds and Infinitives
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