Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
In the present tense, use 'has' for he, she, and it; use 'have' for everyone else.
- Use 'has' for singular third-person subjects: 'She has a car.'
- Use 'have' for I, you, we, and they: 'They have a car.'
- In negatives and questions, 'does' takes the 's', so use 'have': 'Does she have...?'
Overview
have와 has의 구분입니다. 한국어 모국어 화자들에게 이 개념이 유독 까다롭게 느껴지는 이유는 무엇일까요? 바로 한국어와 영어의 근본적인 구조 차이 때문입니다.to have 동사는 현재 시제에서 have와 has라는 두 가지 형태를 가집니다. 이 중 she has는 문법적으로 완벽한 조합인 반면, she have는 비문(ungrammatical)입니다. 이 차이를 명확히 이해하는 것은 단순히 시험 문제를 맞히기 위함이 아니라, 영어를 모국어처럼 자연스럽게 구사하기 위한 필수적인 첫걸음입니다. 이번 시간에는 has와 have가 왜 다르게 쓰이는지, 그리고 한국인 학습자들이 특히 주의해야 할 점은 무엇인지 심도 있게 살펴보겠습니다.to have 동사는 불규칙 동사(Irregular Verb)로, 일반적인 동사들이 3인칭 단수 주어를 만날 때 끝에 -s나 -es를 붙이는 것과 달리, 아예 형태가 has로 변하는 특징이 있습니다.- 1인칭: 나 (
I) - 2인칭: 너 (
You) - 3인칭: 나나 너를 제외한 제3자 (
He,She,It, 혹은 특정한 이름이나 사물)
has를 사용합니다.She has라고 말하는 순간, 듣는 사람은 주어가 '그녀'라는 한 명의 제3자임을 동사 형태를 통해 다시 한번 확인하게 됩니다. 이는 영어권 화자들에게는 문장의 논리적 완결성을 주는 매우 중요한 신호입니다.I | have | 한국어는 주어에 상관없이 '있다/가지다'로 동일 |You | have | 주어 생략이 빈번한 한국어와 달리 주어-동사 결합이 필수 |He, She, It | has | 가장 빈번한 실수 구간! 특별 대우가 필요함 |We | have | 복수 주어는 기본형 have 사용 |They | have | 여러 명일 때는 다시 have로 복귀 |to have 동사의 현재 시제 변화 패턴을 구체적인 예시와 함께 정리해 보겠습니다. 이 패턴을 머릿속에 구조화하는 것이 중요합니다.has를 쓴다는 점을 명심하세요.I havea laptop. (나는 노트북이 있다.)You havea great smile. (너는 미소가 멋지다.)She hasa meeting at 2 PM. (그녀는 오후 2시에 회의가 있다.)He hasa lot of work today. (그는 오늘 할 일이 많다.)My office hasa nice view. (내 사무실은 전망이 좋다. -My office는It으로 치환 가능)We havea reservation. (우리는 예약이 되어 있다.)They havea delivery arriving soon. (그들은 곧 배달이 올 것이다.)
do나 does가 등장합니다. 이때 's'의 법칙이 조동사로 옮겨갑니다.I don't have(I do not have)You don't have(You do not have)She doesn't have(She does not have) - 주의!doesn't가 이미 3인칭 단수 표시를 했으므로has가 아닌 원형have를 씁니다.
Do you havea membership card? (멤버십 카드 있으세요?)Does she havea boyfriend? (그녀는 남자친구가 있니?)Does the cafe haveWi-Fi? (그 카페에 와이파이 있나요?)
have와 has는 단순히 '가지고 있다'는 소유의 의미를 넘어 영어에서 굉장히 폭넓게 사용됩니다. 상황별 사용법을 익혀두면 B1 레벨의 회화가 훨씬 풍성해집니다.She has a luxury handbag.(그녀는 명품 가방을 가지고 있다.)The company has the copyright.(그 회사가 저작권을 가지고 있다.)
He has blue eyes.(그는 푸른 눈을 가졌다.)This smartphone has a long battery life.(이 스마트폰은 배터리가 오래 간다.)
She has two elder brothers.(그녀는 오빠가 두 명 있다.)I have many friends in the marketing department.(나는 마케팅 부서에 친구가 많다.)
have/has를 사용합니다.He has a bad cold.(그는 독한 감기에 걸렸다.)She has a migraine.(그녀는 편두통이 있다.)
have to / has to)She has to finish the report by tonight.(그녀는 오늘 밤까지 보고서를 끝내야 한다.)We have to attend the company dinner (회식).(우리는 회식에 참석해야 한다.)
have/has + p.p. 구문에서 보조 동사로 쓰입니다.She has lived in Seoul for five years.(그녀는 서울에서 5년째 살고 있다.)I have already ordered the food via the delivery app.(나는 이미 배달 앱으로 음식을 주문했다.)
have 쓰기 (과잉 일반화)- 잘못된 예:
My boss have a lot of stress. - 올바른 예:
My boss has a lot of stress. - 이유: 한국어에서는 주어에 따라 동사가 변하지 않기 때문에, 가장 익숙한 기본형인
have만 머릿속에 맴도는 현상입니다. 주어가 '나'나 '너'가 아닌 한 명(또는 한 개)이라면 무조건has라는 '특별 필터'를 거쳐야 한다고 생각하세요.
does와 has를 동시에 쓰기- 잘못된 예:
Does she has a car?/She doesn't has time. - 올바른 예:
Does she have a car?/She doesn't have time. - 이유: 영문법에는 '한 문장에 3인칭 단수 표시(-s)는 한 번만 한다'는 암묵적인 규칙이 있습니다.
does나doesn't가 이미 그 역할을 가로채 갔기 때문에, 본동사는 원래의 모습인have로 돌아와야 합니다. 이를 '동사원형의 복귀'라고 기억하세요.
- 잘못된 예:
Minjun and Hayun has a dog. - 올바른 예:
Minjun and Hayun have a dog. - 이유: 민준이도 3인칭 단수고 하윤이도 3인칭 단수니까
has를 써야 할 것 같지만,and로 묶이는 순간 '그들(They)', 즉 복수가 됩니다. 복수 주어는 무조건have입니다.
have/has를 사용할 때 헷갈리기 쉬운 다른 문법 구조들과 비교해 보겠습니다.have / has | is / are (be동사) | have got / has got |She has a cold. | She is sick. | She has got a cold. |have와 의미는 같으나 더 강조됨 |Doesn't have | Is not | Hasn't got |She has happy (X) 같은 문장입니다. '행복을 가지고 있다'라고 우리말로 해석하면 말이 되는 것 같지만, 영어에서 형용사(happy) 앞에는 be동사(is)를 써야 합니다. have/has 뒤에는 반드시 명사(사물, 이름 등)가 와야 한다는 점을 잊지 마세요.Everyone이나 Someone일 때는 have인가요, has인가요?has를 써야 합니다! Everyone은 '모든 사람'이라 복수처럼 느껴지지만, 영어 문법에서는 '집단 전체를 하나로 묶어' 취급하기 때문에 3인칭 단수로 간주합니다. Everyone has their own secrets. (모든 사람은 각자의 비밀이 있다.)가 맞는 문장입니다.had와 hads로 나뉘나요?had 하나로 통일됩니다. I had, You had, She had, They had 모두 동일합니다. 3인칭 단수의 저주는 현재 시제에서만 적용됩니다.The team has가 맞나요, The team have가 맞나요?The team을 하나의 단위로 보아 The team has라고 쓰는 것이 일반적입니다. 하지만 영국식 영어에서는 팀 구성원 개개인을 강조하여 The team have라고 쓰기도 합니다. 학습 단계에서는 has를 기본으로 익히시는 것이 훨씬 안전합니다.She has a lunch라고 해도 되나요?a를 붙이지 않는 것이 자연스럽습니다. She has lunch at the cafeteria.라고 표현하세요. 다만, She has a big lunch처럼 식사 앞에 형용사가 붙을 때는 a를 쓸 수 있습니다.Present Tense Conjugation of 'To Have'
| Subject | Affirmative | Negative | Question |
|---|---|---|---|
|
I
|
have
|
do not have
|
Do I have?
|
|
You
|
have
|
do not have
|
Do you have?
|
|
He
|
has
|
does not have
|
Does he have?
|
|
She
|
has
|
does not have
|
Does she have?
|
|
It
|
has
|
does not have
|
Does it have?
|
|
We
|
have
|
do not have
|
Do we have?
|
|
They
|
have
|
do not have
|
Do they have?
|
Common Contractions
| Full Form | Contraction | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
She has
|
She's
|
She's got a cat.
|
|
He has
|
He's
|
He's been busy.
|
|
It has
|
It's
|
It's been raining.
|
|
Does not
|
Doesn't
|
She doesn't have it.
|
Meanings
The verb 'to have' changes its form to 'has' specifically when the subject is a single person or thing (third-person singular) in the present tense.
Possession
To own or hold something.
“She has a blue umbrella.”
“He has two brothers.”
Experience or Action
To perform an action or undergo an experience.
“She has breakfast at 8 AM.”
“He has a shower every morning.”
Auxiliary Verb (Present Perfect)
Used to form the present perfect tense to show completed actions.
“She has already finished her work.”
“He has lived here for ten years.”
Reference Table
| 주어 | 올바른 동사 | 예시 |
|---|---|---|
|
나
|
have
|
I have a bike.
|
|
너/당신
|
have
|
You have my support.
|
|
그녀 / 그 / 그것
|
has
|
She has a meeting.
|
|
한 사람 (예: Tom)
|
has
|
Tom has a great idea.
|
|
하나의 사물 (예: The car)
|
has
|
The car has a flat tire.
|
|
우리
|
have
|
We have plans tonight.
|
|
그들
|
have
|
They have tickets to the show.
|
|
여러 사람 (예: Tom and Jane)
|
have
|
Tom and Jane have a dog.
|
격식 수준 스펙트럼
She possesses a motor vehicle. (Describing ownership)
She has a car. (Describing ownership)
She's got a car. (Describing ownership)
She's got a sweet ride. (Describing ownership)
'To Have'의 세계
HAVE를 사용하는 경우...
- I I have an idea.
- You You have potential.
- We We have a problem.
- They They have a house.
HAS를 사용하는 경우...
- She She has a cat.
- He He has a job.
- It It has a scratch.
- The Manager The manager has the file.
Has vs. Have 비교
어떤 형태를 사용할까: 빠른 가이드
주어가 'he', 'she', 'it' 또는 단수 명사 (예: 'the cat')인가요?
주어가 'I', 'you', 'we', 'they' 또는 복수 명사 (예: 'the cats')인가요?
누가 무엇을 가지고 있을까?
'has'를 쓰는 경우
- • She
- • He
- • CEO
- • 내 휴대폰
'have'를 쓰는 경우
- • 그들
- • 우리
- • 너/당신
- • 직원들
수준별 예문
She has a big house.
Ella tiene una casa grande.
He has a red car.
Él tiene un coche rojo.
It has a small tail.
Tiene una cola pequeña.
She has two brothers.
Ella tiene dos hermanos.
She doesn't have any money.
Ella no tiene nada de dinero.
Does she have a boyfriend?
¿Ella tiene novio?
He has a cold today.
Él tiene un resfriado hoy.
The dog has its own bed.
El perro tiene su propia cama.
She has lived in London for five years.
Ella ha vivido en Londres por cinco años.
She has to finish her report by Friday.
Ella tiene que terminar su informe para el viernes.
Everyone has a different opinion.
Todo el mundo tiene una opinión diferente.
She has a lot of experience in marketing.
Ella tiene mucha experiencia en marketing.
She has been considering a career change lately.
Ella ha estado considerando un cambio de carrera últimamente.
The committee has decided to postpone the meeting.
El comité ha decidido posponer la reunión.
She has her car serviced every six months.
Ella hace que le revisen el coche cada seis meses.
Neither of the girls has a key.
Ninguna de las chicas tiene llave.
She has yet to realize the impact of her actions.
Ella aún no se ha dado cuenta del impacto de sus acciones.
It is imperative that she have access to the files.
Es imperativo que ella tenga acceso a los archivos.
She has but one goal: to win.
Ella no tiene más que un objetivo: ganar.
The CEO, along with her assistants, has arrived.
La CEO, junto con sus asistentes, ha llegado.
She has it in for her rival.
Ella se la tiene jurada a su rival.
Seldom has she encountered such rudeness.
Rara vez se ha encontrado con tal grosería.
She has a way with words that captivates the audience.
Ella tiene un don con las palabras que cautiva a la audiencia.
She has the wherewithal to succeed in this industry.
Ella tiene los medios necesarios para tener éxito en esta industria.
혼동하기 쉬운
Both can be contracted to 's (She's). Learners often confuse 'She is a car' with 'She has a car'.
Learners aren't sure if they are the same thing.
Mixing up present and past tense.
자주 하는 실수
She have a cat.
She has a cat.
He haves a car.
He has a car.
My brother have a bike.
My brother has a bike.
It have a problem.
It has a problem.
Does she has a pen?
Does she have a pen?
She doesn't has time.
She doesn't have time.
She is 20 years.
She is 20 years old / She has been here for 20 years.
Everyone have a phone.
Everyone has a phone.
The team have won.
The team has won.
She has been have a hard time.
She has been having a hard time.
It is important she has a key.
It is important she have a key.
문장 패턴
She has a ___.
Does she have ___?
She has been ___ for ___.
She has no choice but to ___.
Real World Usage
She has the tickets for the concert tonight!
She has extensive experience in project management.
She has a slight fever and a cough.
She has the best style! 😍
She has nothing to declare.
The driver has your order and is on the way.
'S' 규칙을 기억해요!
He runs fast.'Doesn't'를 조심해요!
소리 내어 읽어봐요!
원어민도 가끔 실수해요!
Smart Tips
Check the main verb. If you see 'has', change it to 'have' immediately.
Use 'has' for features (eyes, hair) but 'is' for general descriptions (tall, beautiful).
Treat them like a single person (She). Always use 'has'.
Use 'She's got' instead of 'She has' for possession.
발음
Contraction of 'Has'
In natural speech, 'has' is almost always contracted to /z/ or /s/ after a pronoun.
The 's' sound in 'Has'
The 's' in 'has' is pronounced like a 'z'.
Emphasis on Possession
She HAS a car! (Rising on HAS)
Used to correct someone who thinks she doesn't have one.
암기하기
기억법
He, She, It, and the singular noun, always bring the 'S' to town (Has).
시각적 연상
Imagine the letter 'S' as a snake that only likes to hang out with three people: He, She, and It. When they are together, 'Have' turns into 'Has' to make the snake happy.
Rhyme
I have, you have, we have too. But for She and He, only HAS will do!
Story
Once there was a king named 'He' and a queen named 'She'. They were very picky and refused to use the common word 'Have'. They demanded their own special version with an 'S' at the end, so they created 'Has' just for themselves.
Word Web
챌린지
Look around the room. Find 5 things that belong to a woman or man you know and say them out loud: 'She has a...', 'He has a...'
문화 노트
In the UK, people often say 'She has got' instead of just 'She has'. It sounds more natural in casual conversation.
Americans prefer the simple 'She has' for possession, though 'She's got' is also understood.
In this dialect, 'have' is sometimes used for all persons, or 'got' is used without 'has'.
Derived from the Old English word 'habban' (to have, hold, possess).
대화 시작하기
What kind of hobbies does she have?
Does your best friend have any pets?
What qualities does she have that make her a good leader?
If she has to choose between fame and fortune, which would she pick?
일기 주제
자주 하는 실수
Test Yourself
My sister ___ two cats and a dog.
Find and fix the mistake:
The new intern have a question about the project.
Choose the correct sentence:
Score: /3
연습 문제
8 exercisesShe ___ a new laptop.
Does she ___ a sister?
Find and fix the mistake:
She don't has any homework.
She has a car.
Everyone has a role to play.
Select the correct subject for: '___ has a meeting.'
A: Does she have the keys? B: No, she ___.
1. I, 2. She, 3. They
Score: /8
Practice Bank
13 exercisesThe company ___ a strict policy against remote work.
Each of the contestants ___ a unique talent.
Why does she ___ so many books on her desk?
That bottle of vitamins have a childproof cap.
My friend doesn't has a car, so she takes the bus.
Choose the correct sentence:
Choose the correct sentence:
Translate into English: 'Ella tiene una computadora nueva.'
Translate into English: 'Él no tiene tiempo.'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Arrange these words into a question:
Match the subjects with the correct verb form:
Match the sentence beginnings to their correct endings:
Score: /13
자주 묻는 질문 (8)
No, 'She's' usually means 'She is'. You should say 'She has a car' or 'She's got a car'.
Only in negatives ('She doesn't have'), questions ('Does she have?'), or after modal verbs ('She might have').
Both are correct. 'She has' is more common in American English and formal writing, while 'She has got' is common in British English and casual speech.
Yes! Words like `everyone`, `someone`, and `nobody` are always singular and use `has`.
In US English, use `has`. In UK English, you can use either, but `have` is very common for groups of people.
No. In English, we use the verb 'to be' for age. Say `She is 20 years old`.
No, for the past tense, use `had` for all subjects (I had, she had, they had).
Both use `has` as an auxiliary. `Has gone` means she is still there; `has been` means she went and came back.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
tiene / ha
English uses one verb ('has') for both 'tiene' and 'ha'.
a
French uses 'has' equivalent for age; English does not.
hat
German word order changes in subordinate clauses, unlike English.
motte iru / aru
Japanese verbs don't conjugate for person at all.
indaha (عِندَها)
Arabic uses 'at/with her' instead of a verb 'to have'.
yǒu (有)
Chinese has zero conjugation for subject-verb agreement.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
관련 동영상
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Quite vs. Quiet: 차이점이 무엇인가요?
### Overview 영어 학습의 여정에서 우리 한국인 학습자들을 가장 당혹스럽게 만드는 것 중 하나는 바로 '비슷하게 생겼지만 완...
Said vs. Told: 차이점이 무엇인가요?
### Overview 영어를 배우는 한국인 학습자들에게 `say`와 `tell`은 마치 '숙명적인 라이벌'과 같습니다. 우리말로는 둘 다 단...
