Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
In the present tense, use 'has' for he, she, and it; use 'have' for everyone else.
- Use 'has' for singular third-person subjects: 'She has a car.'
- Use 'have' for I, you, we, and they: 'They have a car.'
- In negatives and questions, 'does' takes the 's', so use 'have': 'Does she have...?'
Overview
have と has の使い分けは、一見シンプルに見えて、実際の会話やビジネスメールの作成中にうっかり間違えてしまうことが多いポイントです。B1（中級）レベルの学習者であっても、複雑な文章を作ろうとすると、主語と動詞の「一致（Agreement）」がおろそかになりがちです。She has と She have の区別がこれほどまでに厄介なのでしょうか。その根本的な理由は、日本語と英語の構造的な違いにあります。日本語では「私は持っている」「彼女は持っている」「彼らは持っている」というように、主語が誰であっても動詞の形（持っている）は変わりません。しかし、英語は主語の「人称（Person）」と「数（Number）」に応じて動詞の形を変化させる「主述の一致」を極めて重視する言語です。She has が正解であり、どのような状況で have と has を使い分けるべきなのか、日本語の感覚と比較しながら深く掘り下げていきます。単なる暗記ではなく、英語の構造的なロジックを理解することで、自信を持って正確な英語を話せるようになりましょう。-s や -es が付くというルールがあります。これが有名な「三単現のs」です。to have という動詞は非常に特殊で、不規則な変化をします。通常の動詞であれば walk が walks になるように -s を付けるだけですが、have の場合は haves とはならず、形そのものが has に変化します。これは英語の歴史の中で、より発音しやすく、簡潔な形へと進化してきた結果です。She という主語を明示し、それに対応する has を選ぶことで、「今、話題にしているのは自分でもあなたでもない、第三者の単数（彼女）である」という情報を文法的に補強しているのです。have と has の使い分けを完璧にするためには、主語を瞬時にカテゴリー分けする能力が必要です。以下の表で、主語と動詞の組み合わせを確認しましょう。I | (自分自身) | have | I have a meeting at 10 AM. |You | (あなた、あなたたち) | have | You have a great sense of humor. |He, She, It | Tanaka-san, My boss, The train | has | She has a lot of experience in sales. |We | My team and I | have | We have a tight deadline. |They | My colleagues, The students | have | They have their own office. |- 1「三人称単数」とは何か： 「私（I）」と「あなた（You）」以外の、たった一人の人、または一つのモノのことです。例えば、
The company（その会社）やThe weather（天気）も三人称単数に含まれるため、hasを使います。 - 2固有名詞に注意：
Mr. SuzukiやLondonなど、具体的な名前が主語の場合もhasです。 - 3代名詞への置き換え： 主語が長い場合（例：
The woman standing by the door）、それをSheに置き換えられるかどうかを考えると、hasを使うべきかどうかが判断しやすくなります。
have/has は英語の中で最も多機能な動詞の一つです。単に「持っている」という意味だけでなく、以下のような様々なシチュエーションで使われます。- 所有・所持を表すとき (Possession)
He has a brand-new laptop.(彼は新品のノートPCを持っています。)This smartphone has a high-quality camera.(このスマホには高性能なカメラが搭載されています。)
- 特徴・属性・外見を説明するとき (Characteristics)
She has long black hair.(彼女は長い黒髪をしています。)The new office has a beautiful view of Tokyo Tower.(新しいオフィスからは東京タワーの美しい景色が見えます。)
- 人間関係を述べるとき (Relationships)
My boss has three children.(私の上司には3人の子供がいます。)He has a wide network of contacts in the industry.(彼は業界内に広い人脈を持っています。)
- 病気や症状を伝えるとき (Illness/Symptoms)
She has a slight fever today.(彼女は今日、微熱があります。)The manager has a terrible headache.(マネージャーはひどい頭痛がしています。)
- 義務を表すとき (
has to/have to)
She has to finish the presentation by 5 PM.(彼女は午後5時までにプレゼン資料を完成させなければなりません。)The company has to comply with the new regulations.(その会社は新しい規制に従わなければなりません。)
- 完了形を作るとき (Present Perfect)
She has lived in Osaka for ten years.(彼女は大阪に10年間住んでいます。)The project has already started.(プロジェクトはすでに始まっています。)
- 1否定文と疑問文での
hasの使いすぎ (Do-supportの罠)
doesn't や疑問文の Does を使う場合、すでにそこで「三人称単数のs」の役割は果たされています。そのため、メインの動詞は原型の have に戻さなければなりません。- × Incorrect:
Does she has a pen?/She doesn't has time. - ○ Correct:
Does she have a pen?/She doesn't have time. - 解説: 日本語では「持っていますか？」「持っていません」と語尾が変わるだけなので、英語でも
hasを維持したくなりますが、英語では「助動詞がsを奪っていく」とイメージしましょう。
- 1複数主語を単数と勘違いする (Compound Subjects)
has を使いたくなりますが、二人合わせれば They（複数）になります。- × Incorrect:
Mr. Tanaka and Ms. Sato has arrived. - ○ Correct:
Mr. Tanaka and Ms. Sato have arrived. - 解説: 日本語の「田中さんと佐藤さんが〜」という感覚に引っ張られず、合計人数が二人以上なら
haveだと意識しましょう。
- 1集合名詞の扱い (Collective Nouns)
Staff, Family, Team などの単語は、日本人の感覚では「たくさんの人がいるから複数形」と思いがちですが、英語（特にアメリカ英語）では「一つの組織・まとまり」として捉え、単数扱い（has）にすることが一般的です。- × Incorrect:
The marketing team have a new strategy. - ○ Correct:
The marketing team has a new strategy. - 解説: 「チーム」という一つの箱をイメージしてください。箱は一つなので
hasです。
have/has の使い分けに迷ったときは、他の動詞（特に be動詞 や一般動詞）のルールと比較すると整理しやすくなります。I | am | work | have |You | are | work | have |She / He / It | is | works | has |We / They | are | work | have |- be動詞との違い：
isを使う主語のときは、必ずhasを使うと覚えましょう。She is...ならShe has...です。逆にareを使う主語（You,We,They）のときはhaveを使います。 - 一般動詞との共通点： 一般動詞に
-sが付くタイミング（works,plays,goes）と、hasを使うタイミングは全く同じです。hasはhaveにsが付いた特殊な形だと考えると納得がいきます。
Everyone や Everybody が主語のときは、have と has どちらですか？has です。Everyone（みんな）は意味としては複数を指しますが、文法上は「一人ひとりを指す単数」として扱われます。日本語でも「全員が持っている」と言いますが、英語では「どの人も一人残らず持っている」というニュアンスで単数扱いになります。Apple, Toyota）has） 扱いです。企業は一つの法人（Legal entity）として考えられるためです。例文：Toyota has a large market share in the US. ただし、イギリス英語ではその企業の「従業員たち」を意識して複数扱い（have）にすることもありますが、ビジネス英語のスタンダードとしては単数扱いで覚えておくのが無難です。I have got と I have は何が違うのですか？have got はより口語的（カジュアル）で、特にイギリス英語でよく使われます。三人称単数の場合は She has got になります。B1レベルのビジネスシーンやフォーマルな書き言葉では、シンプルに She has を使うのが最も適切でプロフェッショナルな印象を与えます。Who のときはどうなりますか？has を使います。例えば、Who has the key?（誰が鍵を持っていますか？）となります。もし、最初から複数の人が持っていることがわかっている特殊な状況を除き、Who は三人称単数として扱うのが基本ルールです。Present Tense Conjugation of 'To Have'
| Subject | Affirmative | Negative | Question |
|---|---|---|---|
|
I
|
have
|
do not have
|
Do I have?
|
|
You
|
have
|
do not have
|
Do you have?
|
|
He
|
has
|
does not have
|
Does he have?
|
|
She
|
has
|
does not have
|
Does she have?
|
|
It
|
has
|
does not have
|
Does it have?
|
|
We
|
have
|
do not have
|
Do we have?
|
|
They
|
have
|
do not have
|
Do they have?
|
Common Contractions
| Full Form | Contraction | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
She has
|
She's
|
She's got a cat.
|
|
He has
|
He's
|
He's been busy.
|
|
It has
|
It's
|
It's been raining.
|
|
Does not
|
Doesn't
|
She doesn't have it.
|
Meanings
The verb 'to have' changes its form to 'has' specifically when the subject is a single person or thing (third-person singular) in the present tense.
Possession
To own or hold something.
“She has a blue umbrella.”
“He has two brothers.”
Experience or Action
To perform an action or undergo an experience.
“She has breakfast at 8 AM.”
“He has a shower every morning.”
Auxiliary Verb (Present Perfect)
Used to form the present perfect tense to show completed actions.
“She has already finished her work.”
“He has lived here for ten years.”
Reference Table
| 主語 | 正しい動詞 | 例文 |
|---|---|---|
|
I
|
have
|
I have a bike.
|
|
You
|
have
|
You have my support.
|
|
She / He / It
|
has
|
She has a meeting.
|
|
特定の個人 (Tomなど)
|
has
|
Tom has a great idea.
|
|
単数の物 (The carなど)
|
has
|
The car has a flat tire.
|
|
We
|
have
|
We have plans tonight.
|
|
They
|
have
|
They have tickets to the show.
|
|
複数の人 (Tom and Janeなど)
|
have
|
Tom and Jane have a dog.
|
フォーマル度スペクトル
She possesses a motor vehicle. (Describing ownership)
She has a car. (Describing ownership)
She's got a car. (Describing ownership)
She's got a sweet ride. (Describing ownership)
'To Have' の世界
HAVE を使う場合...
- I I have an idea.
- You You have potential.
- We We have a problem.
- They They have a house.
HAS を使う場合...
- She She has a cat.
- He He has a job.
- It It has a scratch.
- マネージャー The manager has the file.
Has vs. Have
どっちを使う？クイックガイド
主語は he, she, it、または単数の名詞（the catなど）ですか？
主語は I, you, we, they、または複数の名詞（the catsなど）ですか？
誰が何を持ってる？
'has' を取るもの
- • She
- • He
- • CEO
- • 私のスマホ
'have' を取るもの
- • They
- • We
- • You
- • 従業員たち
レベル別の例文
She has a big house.
Ella tiene una casa grande.
He has a red car.
Él tiene un coche rojo.
It has a small tail.
Tiene una cola pequeña.
She has two brothers.
Ella tiene dos hermanos.
She doesn't have any money.
Ella no tiene nada de dinero.
Does she have a boyfriend?
¿Ella tiene novio?
He has a cold today.
Él tiene un resfriado hoy.
The dog has its own bed.
El perro tiene su propia cama.
She has lived in London for five years.
Ella ha vivido en Londres por cinco años.
She has to finish her report by Friday.
Ella tiene que terminar su informe para el viernes.
Everyone has a different opinion.
Todo el mundo tiene una opinión diferente.
She has a lot of experience in marketing.
Ella tiene mucha experiencia en marketing.
She has been considering a career change lately.
Ella ha estado considerando un cambio de carrera últimamente.
The committee has decided to postpone the meeting.
El comité ha decidido posponer la reunión.
She has her car serviced every six months.
Ella hace que le revisen el coche cada seis meses.
Neither of the girls has a key.
Ninguna de las chicas tiene llave.
She has yet to realize the impact of her actions.
Ella aún no se ha dado cuenta del impacto de sus acciones.
It is imperative that she have access to the files.
Es imperativo que ella tenga acceso a los archivos.
She has but one goal: to win.
Ella no tiene más que un objetivo: ganar.
The CEO, along with her assistants, has arrived.
La CEO, junto con sus asistentes, ha llegado.
She has it in for her rival.
Ella se la tiene jurada a su rival.
Seldom has she encountered such rudeness.
Rara vez se ha encontrado con tal grosería.
She has a way with words that captivates the audience.
Ella tiene un don con las palabras que cautiva a la audiencia.
She has the wherewithal to succeed in this industry.
Ella tiene los medios necesarios para tener éxito en esta industria.
間違えやすい
Both can be contracted to 's (She's). Learners often confuse 'She is a car' with 'She has a car'.
Learners aren't sure if they are the same thing.
Mixing up present and past tense.
よくある間違い
She have a cat.
She has a cat.
He haves a car.
He has a car.
My brother have a bike.
My brother has a bike.
It have a problem.
It has a problem.
Does she has a pen?
Does she have a pen?
She doesn't has time.
She doesn't have time.
She is 20 years.
She is 20 years old / She has been here for 20 years.
Everyone have a phone.
Everyone has a phone.
The team have won.
The team has won.
She has been have a hard time.
She has been having a hard time.
It is important she has a key.
It is important she have a key.
文型パターン
She has a ___.
Does she have ___?
She has been ___ for ___.
She has no choice but to ___.
Real World Usage
She has the tickets for the concert tonight!
She has extensive experience in project management.
She has a slight fever and a cough.
She has the best style! 😍
She has nothing to declare.
The driver has your order and is on the way.
「S」のルール
She has a great smile.
「Doesn't」に注意！
音で覚えよう
She has a lot of books.
ネイティブも間違える？
she have と口走ることがあります。でも、正しいのは She has なので、まずは基本を守りましょう。Smart Tips
Check the main verb. If you see 'has', change it to 'have' immediately.
Use 'has' for features (eyes, hair) but 'is' for general descriptions (tall, beautiful).
Treat them like a single person (She). Always use 'has'.
Use 'She's got' instead of 'She has' for possession.
発音
Contraction of 'Has'
In natural speech, 'has' is almost always contracted to /z/ or /s/ after a pronoun.
The 's' sound in 'Has'
The 's' in 'has' is pronounced like a 'z'.
Emphasis on Possession
She HAS a car! (Rising on HAS)
Used to correct someone who thinks she doesn't have one.
暗記しよう
記憶術
He, She, It, and the singular noun, always bring the 'S' to town (Has).
視覚的連想
Imagine the letter 'S' as a snake that only likes to hang out with three people: He, She, and It. When they are together, 'Have' turns into 'Has' to make the snake happy.
Rhyme
I have, you have, we have too. But for She and He, only HAS will do!
Story
Once there was a king named 'He' and a queen named 'She'. They were very picky and refused to use the common word 'Have'. They demanded their own special version with an 'S' at the end, so they created 'Has' just for themselves.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Look around the room. Find 5 things that belong to a woman or man you know and say them out loud: 'She has a...', 'He has a...'
文化メモ
In the UK, people often say 'She has got' instead of just 'She has'. It sounds more natural in casual conversation.
Americans prefer the simple 'She has' for possession, though 'She's got' is also understood.
In this dialect, 'have' is sometimes used for all persons, or 'got' is used without 'has'.
Derived from the Old English word 'habban' (to have, hold, possess).
会話のきっかけ
What kind of hobbies does she have?
Does your best friend have any pets?
What qualities does she have that make her a good leader?
If she has to choose between fame and fortune, which would she pick?
日記のテーマ
よくある間違い
Test Yourself
My sister ___ two cats and a dog.
Find and fix the mistake:
The new intern have a question about the project.
Choose the correct sentence:
Score: /3
練習問題
8 exercisesShe ___ a new laptop.
Does she ___ a sister?
Find and fix the mistake:
She don't has any homework.
She has a car.
Everyone has a role to play.
Select the correct subject for: '___ has a meeting.'
A: Does she have the keys? B: No, she ___.
1. I, 2. She, 3. They
Score: /8
Practice Bank
13 exercisesThe company ___ a strict policy against remote work.
Each of the contestants ___ a unique talent.
Why does she ___ so many books on her desk?
That bottle of vitamins have a childproof cap.
My friend doesn't has a car, so she takes the bus.
Choose the correct sentence:
Choose the correct sentence:
「彼女は新しいコンピューターを持っています」を英語にしてください。
「彼には時間がありません」を英語にしてください。
単語を並べ替えて正しい文を作ってください。
単語を並べ替えて正しい疑問文を作ってください。
主語と正しい動詞の形を組み合わせてください。
文の始まりと終わりを正しくつなげてください。
Score: /13
よくある質問 (8)
No, 'She's' usually means 'She is'. You should say 'She has a car' or 'She's got a car'.
Only in negatives ('She doesn't have'), questions ('Does she have?'), or after modal verbs ('She might have').
Both are correct. 'She has' is more common in American English and formal writing, while 'She has got' is common in British English and casual speech.
Yes! Words like `everyone`, `someone`, and `nobody` are always singular and use `has`.
In US English, use `has`. In UK English, you can use either, but `have` is very common for groups of people.
No. In English, we use the verb 'to be' for age. Say `She is 20 years old`.
No, for the past tense, use `had` for all subjects (I had, she had, they had).
Both use `has` as an auxiliary. `Has gone` means she is still there; `has been` means she went and came back.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
tiene / ha
English uses one verb ('has') for both 'tiene' and 'ha'.
a
French uses 'has' equivalent for age; English does not.
hat
German word order changes in subordinate clauses, unlike English.
motte iru / aru
Japanese verbs don't conjugate for person at all.
indaha (عِندَها)
Arabic uses 'at/with her' instead of a verb 'to have'.
yǒu (有)
Chinese has zero conjugation for subject-verb agreement.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
関連動画
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