B1 · 중급 챕터 73

Passive and Reported

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Advanced passive and indirect speech. Mastering complex reporting verbs.

팁과 요령 (4)

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The 'Man' Alternative

If you find yourself using 'man' (one/they) too much, try switching to the s-passive. It makes your writing sound more sophisticated and objective.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Advanced Passive
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Pronoun Check

Always pause and check if the 'I' in the original quote should be 'He' or 'She' in your report.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Indirect Speech
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The 'Ha' Trick

When reporting something that happened in the past using the personal construction, always use 'ha' + supine. 'Han sägs ha varit' (He is said to have been).
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Reporting Verbs
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The BIFF Trick

If you are unsure where 'inte' goes in reported speech, just remember it always wants to be close to the person (subject) and before the action (verb).
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Passive and Reported

빠른 연습 (10)

Choose the correct reported speech word order.

Han säger att han ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: inte kommer
According to the BIFF rule, 'inte' comes before the verb in a subordinate clause.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Passive and Reported

Fix the sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

Han sa 'jag är trött'.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Han sa att han är trött.
Indirect speech needs 'att' and pronoun shift.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Indirect Speech

Complete the personal construction with the correct verb.

Han anses ___ en av de bästa spelarna.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: vara
In personal constructions, use the infinitive without 'att'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Reporting Verbs

Fill in the blank.

Han sa ___ han är glad.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: att
Use 'att' for statements.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Indirect Speech

Fill in the correct s-passive form of the verb in brackets (present tense).

Här ___ (sälja) billiga kläder.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: säljs
The present tense s-passive of 'sälja' is 'säljs'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Advanced Passive

Choose the correct option.

Han frågade ___ jag är trött.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: om
Use 'om' for questions.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Indirect Speech

Change the active verb to s-passive.

Boken ___ (läser) av många barn.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: läses
Remove the -r from 'läser' and add -s.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Passive and Reported

Find the mistake in the sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

Hon sa att hon ska inte äta.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: inte ska
The adverb 'inte' must come before the finite verb 'ska'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Passive and Reported

Which verb is a deponent verb (active meaning, passive form)?

Vilket verb är deponent?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: andas
'Andas' (breathe) always ends in -s but the subject is active.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Passive and Reported

Which passive form is best for a sudden accident?

Jag ___ av en cykel.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: blev påkörd
Bli-passive is preferred for sudden, dynamic events happening to a person.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Passive and Reported

Score: /10

자주 묻는 질문 (6)

Use 'bli' for specific, often sudden events (like accidents). Use '-s' for formal writing, instructions, or habits.
The 'bli-passive' is very common in speech. The 's-passive' is more common in writing, but you'll hear it in formal contexts or fixed phrases like 'det löser sig'.
Yes, in informal speech, it is common to drop 'att'.
Use 'om' only for yes/no questions.
Sägs is the present tense (is said), while sägas is the infinitive (to be said). You use sägs in most sentences: Det sägs att....
Yes! Han lär vara rik means the same as Han sägs vara rik. Lär is very common in spoken Swedish and acts like a reporting particle.
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Complex Tenses
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Subjunctive Mood
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