B2 Expression Very Formal 6 min read

Pursuant to

Formal business communication expression

Literally: In a way that follows or carries out

In 15 Seconds

  • Formal way to say 'according to a rule'.
  • Used mainly in legal and business documents.
  • Always use 'to', never 'of'.
  • Links an action to its legal authority.

Meaning

When you use `pursuant to`, you're saying that an action is being taken because a specific rule, law, or contract requires it. It’s like saying 'because the rulebook says so' but in a way that sounds official and legally binding. It carries a heavy sense of authority and formal obligation.

Key Examples

3 of 11
1

Official Email from HR

Pursuant to company policy, all employees must submit their expenses by Friday.

According to company policy, all employees must submit their expenses by Friday.

2

Legal notice regarding a lease

The landlord is increasing the rent pursuant to Clause 4 of the lease agreement.

The landlord is increasing the rent according to Clause 4 of the lease agreement.

3

Texting a friend (Humorous)

Pursuant to our deep hunger, I have ordered two large pizzas.

Because we are so hungry, I ordered two large pizzas.

🌍

Cultural Background

In the US, 'pursuant to' is heavily used in corporate and legal environments to establish liability and compliance. In the UK, it is common in civil service and legal documents to maintain a sense of tradition and authority. Canada uses it in both English and French (conformément à) to ensure legal consistency across provinces. Australian legal documents frequently use 'pursuant to' to align with British legal traditions.

💡

Use it in writing

This phrase is much better for emails and reports than for speaking.

⚠️

Don't overdo it

Using it too much makes you sound like a lawyer, which can be annoying in casual settings.

In 15 Seconds

  • Formal way to say 'according to a rule'.
  • Used mainly in legal and business documents.
  • Always use 'to', never 'of'.
  • Links an action to its legal authority.

What It Means

Ever opened a soul-crushing email from a bank or a government office and seen pursuant to right at the start? It’s the ultimate 'I’m doing this because I have to' phrase. It's not about choice or preference; it's about following a script written in a law or a contract.

What It Means

Think of pursuant to as the formal sibling of according to. While according to can be used for anything from weather reports to what your mom said, pursuant to is strictly for rules. It suggests that there is a legal or official 'trigger' for whatever is happening next. If a company fires someone pursuant to a policy, they are saying the policy forced their hand. It’s a shield people use to show they are just following the established tracks. It feels rigid, cold, and very professional. You won't hear this at a Friday night BBQ unless your friends are all corporate lawyers.

How To Use It

You place pursuant to before the mention of a document, a law, or an agreement. It usually kicks off a sentence to justify an action. For example: Pursuant to the new GDPR regulations, we’ve updated our privacy policy. It can also sit in the middle of a sentence to link an action to its source. The funds were released pursuant to the court order. Just remember, it’s a 'linking' phrase. It connects the 'what' (the action) to the 'why' (the rule). If there's no rule involved, don't use it. It's like wearing a tuxedo to a swimming pool—it just doesn't fit the vibe.

Formality & Register

This phrase lives at the very top of the formality scale. It’s very_formal. You’ll find it in contracts, legal summons, official HR letters, and high-level business correspondence. In the world of texting or casual emails, it’s almost never used unless you’re joking. If you text a friend, Pursuant to our chat yesterday, I am buying the pizza, they might think you’ve been replaced by an AI bot or a very boring lawyer. Use it when you need to sound authoritative, serious, and 100% 'by the book.' It’s the linguistic equivalent of a stiff, starched collar.

Real-Life Examples

You’ll see this all over the digital world today. When Spotify or Netflix updates their terms, the email often says something like, Pursuant to changes in local tax laws, your subscription price will increase. It’s also common in job settings. If you’re a freelancer, you might write: Pursuant to our signed agreement, I am submitting the final invoice today. In the news, you’ll hear it regarding government actions: Pursuant to the executive order, the border will close at midnight. Even in small business, it’s used to point to the 'fine print.' It’s the phrase that says, 'Don't blame me, blame the contract.'

When To Use It

Use it when the stakes are high and you need to be precise. It’s perfect for formal letters where you want to cite a specific clause or law. If you’re responding to a legal request, pursuant to is your best friend. Use it in professional settings when you want to emphasize that an action is legitimate and authorized. It’s also great for creating a paper trail. By saying pursuant to Section 5, you are making it clear exactly which rule you are following. It prevents arguments because it points directly to the source of authority.

When NOT To Use It

Never use pursuant to for casual opinions or personal habits. Pursuant to my hunger, I am eating a sandwich is grammatically okay but socially weird. Don't use it when as per or according to would work better in a semi-formal context. It’s too heavy for a quick Slack message to a coworker. Also, avoid it if you aren’t actually citing a rule or document. If you’re just following a suggestion, pursuant to is overkill. It’s like using a sledgehammer to crack a nut—you’ll get the job done, but you’ll look a bit intense doing it.

Common Mistakes

One of the biggest blunders is saying pursuant of. That’s a mix-up with in pursuit of (which means chasing something). Stick to pursuant to. Another mistake is using it as a synonym for because of. While they are related, pursuant to specifically implies a rule-based cause.

Pursuant of the rules Pursuant to the rules
Pursuant to I was late Pursuant to company policy regarding lateness

Don't let the 'to' trip you up—it's always to, never of or with in this specific phrase.

Common Variations

If pursuant to feels too 'lawyerly,' you can use in accordance with. It’s still formal but slightly softer. In compliance with is another good one if you’re talking about safety or tax rules. In more modern, 'Silicon Valley' style business English, people often just use per. Per our contract is much shorter and snappier than Pursuant to our contract. You might also see under. Under the terms of our agreement is a classic alternative. Each of these carries a slightly different 'weight,' with pursuant to being the heaviest and most traditional.

Real Conversations

L

Lawyer

I’m calling pursuant to the letter we sent last week.
C

Client

Oh, right. Does this mean the deal is officially moving forward?
L

Lawyer

Yes, pursuant to the judge's signature this morning, we can proceed.

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HR Manager: Pursuant to our remote work policy, you need to log your hours by 5 PM.

E

Employee

Got it. I'll make sure the portal is updated today.

---

Customer Service: Pursuant to our refund policy, we can only offer store credit.

C

Customer

But the app said I could get cash back!

Customer Service: I apologize, but pursuant to the terms you accepted at checkout, credit is the only option.

Quick FAQ

Is pursuant to the same as according to? Mostly, yes, but pursuant to is much more formal and specifically refers to legal or official rules. You wouldn't say pursuant to the Bible unless you were in a very specific legal-theological debate. Is it okay to use in a job interview? Only if you are discussing specific contracts or legal requirements; otherwise, it might make you sound a bit too stiff and robotic. What is the most common mistake? Definitely saying pursuant of instead of pursuant to. People often confuse it with 'the pursuit of happiness.'

Usage Notes

The phrase is extremely formal and should be reserved for legal, official, or high-stakes business environments. The most common 'gotcha' is using the wrong preposition; it must always be followed by 'to'. Avoid using it in casual conversation unless you are intentionally trying to sound like a lawyer for comedic effect.

💡

Use it in writing

This phrase is much better for emails and reports than for speaking.

⚠️

Don't overdo it

Using it too much makes you sound like a lawyer, which can be annoying in casual settings.

Examples

11
#1 Official Email from HR

Pursuant to company policy, all employees must submit their expenses by Friday.

According to company policy, all employees must submit their expenses by Friday.

Here it justifies a mandatory deadline.

#2 Legal notice regarding a lease

The landlord is increasing the rent pursuant to Clause 4 of the lease agreement.

The landlord is increasing the rent according to Clause 4 of the lease agreement.

Links the rent hike to a specific part of the contract.

#3 Texting a friend (Humorous)

Pursuant to our deep hunger, I have ordered two large pizzas.

Because we are so hungry, I ordered two large pizzas.

Using a very formal phrase for a silly situation.

#4 Instagram caption for a graduation

Pursuant to four years of hard work, I finally have this degree!

Following four years of hard work, I finally have this degree!

A bit stiff, but shows the degree was earned by following a path.

#5 Job Interview

In my last role, I managed budgets pursuant to strict federal guidelines.

In my last role, I managed budgets according to strict federal guidelines.

Shows the speaker follows official rules carefully.

Common Learner Error Common Mistake

✗ I am calling you pursuant of the contract → ✓ I am calling you pursuant to the contract.

I am calling you regarding the contract.

The most common error is using 'of' instead of 'to'.

#7 Modern Tech Scenario

Pursuant to the new privacy laws, the app now requires additional consent.

According to the new privacy laws, the app now requires more permission.

Very common in the age of GDPR and data protection.

#8 Email to a Landlord

I am terminating my tenancy pursuant to the notice period in my contract.

I am ending my rental according to the notice period in my contract.

Protects the tenant by citing the agreement.

Incorrect Preposition Common Mistake

✗ The action was taken pursuant with the law → ✓ The action was taken pursuant to the law.

The action was taken according to the law.

Learners often try to use 'with' (thinking of 'in accordance with').

#10 Government Announcement

Pursuant to the emergency decree, all non-essential travel is restricted.

Following the emergency decree, non-essential travel is limited.

High-stakes usage in public safety.

#11 Emotional Workplace Conflict

I am filing this formal complaint pursuant to the anti-harassment policy.

I am filing this complaint according to the anti-harassment policy.

Using the phrase to show serious, protected intent.

Test Yourself

Fill in the blank with the correct phrase.

_______ the contract, we must provide a refund.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Pursuant to

The sentence refers to a contract, which requires the formal 'pursuant to'.

Choose the most formal sentence.

Which sentence is appropriate for a legal document?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Pursuant to the law, I did it.

This is the only sentence that uses the appropriate formal register for legal writing.

Match the phrase to its meaning.

Match 'Pursuant to' with its definition.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: A

Pursuant to means following a rule or law.

Complete the dialogue.

Lawyer: 'We are acting ______ the court order.'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: pursuant to

In a legal context, 'pursuant to' is the correct term for compliance.

🎉 Score: /4

Visual Learning Aids

Practice Bank

4 exercises
Fill in the blank with the correct phrase. Fill Blank B2

_______ the contract, we must provide a refund.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Pursuant to

The sentence refers to a contract, which requires the formal 'pursuant to'.

Choose the most formal sentence. Choose B2

Which sentence is appropriate for a legal document?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Pursuant to the law, I did it.

This is the only sentence that uses the appropriate formal register for legal writing.

Match the phrase to its meaning. Match B1

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: A

Pursuant to means following a rule or law.

Complete the dialogue. dialogue_completion B2

Lawyer: 'We are acting ______ the court order.'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: pursuant to

In a legal context, 'pursuant to' is the correct term for compliance.

🎉 Score: /4

Frequently Asked Questions

2 questions

No, it is too formal. Use 'according to' or 'as per' instead.

Yes, it must be followed by a noun phrase representing the rule or law.

Related Phrases

🔄

In accordance with

synonym

Following a rule.

🔗

As per

similar

According to.

🔄

In compliance with

synonym

Following a rule.

🔗

Following

similar

After or according to.

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