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B1 Noun (Plural) #31 most common 13 min read

arguments

Top 31

Practice it Examples Notes & Tips arguments in 30 Seconds

Explanation arguments in your Level:

At the A1 level, you can think of 'arguments' as a word for when people are angry and talking loudly to each other because they do not agree. It is like a 'fight' but with words. For example, if you and your friend both want the same toy, you might have an argument. At this level, we usually use the singular 'argument' more often, but 'arguments' just means more than one. You might hear someone say, 'The children had many arguments today.' It is a simple way to describe a bad situation where people are not happy with each other. You don't need to worry about the academic meaning yet; just focus on the idea of people disagreeing in a noisy way. It is a common word to use when talking about family or friends who are not getting along. Remember, 'arguments' are usually not fun!

At the A2 level, 'arguments' still mostly means 'disagreements' or 'fights with words.' You might use it to describe problems at home or at school. For example, 'My parents have arguments about money.' You are starting to see that 'arguments' can be about specific things, like chores, homework, or games. You can also start to use it with simple verbs like 'have' or 'start.' For example, 'Don't start any arguments!' At this level, you might also see the word in very simple stories where characters disagree. It is important to know that 'arguments' is the plural of 'argument.' If you have one disagreement, it is an argument. If you have two, they are arguments. It is a very useful word for describing basic human interactions where people don't see things the same way.

At the B1 level, you should understand both main meanings of 'arguments.' The first is the one you already know: a verbal fight or disagreement. The second meaning is more formal: a set of reasons you use to try to persuade someone. For example, in a school essay, you might need to give 'arguments for and against' a topic like wearing school uniforms. You are moving beyond just 'fighting' and into 'persuading.' You will see this word in news articles and more complex stories. You should also start using collocations like 'have an argument with someone' or 'present an argument.' This is a key level for 'arguments' because it becomes a tool for expressing your own opinions more clearly and logically. You are learning that an 'argument' isn't always a bad thing; it can be a way to solve a problem or explain a point of view.

At the B2 level, you are expected to use 'arguments' with more precision and variety. You should be able to describe the quality of an argument using adjectives like 'convincing,' 'weak,' 'logical,' or 'heated.' You will encounter 'arguments' in more academic and professional contexts, such as business reports or university lectures. You should understand the structure of a 'counter-argument'—an argument that goes against another argument. You might say, 'The author presents several strong arguments, but there are also some valid counter-arguments to consider.' At this level, you are not just identifying arguments; you are analyzing them. You should also be comfortable with the word in technical contexts, like computer programming, if that is relevant to your studies or work. Your ability to build and refute arguments is a major part of your language proficiency at this stage.

At the C1 level, 'arguments' is a sophisticated term used to discuss complex theories, legal cases, and philosophical debates. You should be able to use it to describe subtle nuances in reasoning. For example, you might talk about 'nuanced arguments,' 'fallacious arguments,' or 'compelling arguments.' You will hear this word in high-level discussions on television, in podcasts, and in academic journals. You should be able to follow a long string of arguments in a lecture and summarize them accurately. You are also expected to use the word in your own writing to structure complex ideas. For instance, 'The arguments put forward by the prosecution were based on circumstantial evidence.' At this level, you understand that 'arguments' are the building blocks of intellectual discourse and that the strength of an argument depends on its logic, evidence, and delivery.

At the C2 level, you have a complete mastery of 'arguments' in all its forms. You can use it with total precision in any context, from a highly technical programming environment to a supreme court hearing. You are aware of the rhetorical power of 'arguments' and can use them to influence others effectively. You can identify and name specific types of logical fallacies within arguments, such as 'ad hominem' or 'straw man' arguments. You understand the historical and etymological roots of the word and how its meaning has evolved over time. In your own speech and writing, you can weave multiple arguments together into a seamless and persuasive narrative. You can also use the word ironically or metaphorically in literature. At this level, 'arguments' is not just a word you know; it is a concept you can manipulate with ease and sophistication to achieve your communicative goals.

Practice it Examples Notes & Tips

arguments in 30 Seconds

Arguments refers to verbal disagreements or logical reasons used for persuasion.
It is a plural noun that can describe emotional fights or academic proofs.
Commonly used with verbs like 'have,' 'present,' 'refute,' and 'avoid.'
In programming, it refers to values passed into a function or procedure.

The word arguments is a multifaceted noun that functions as the plural form of 'argument.' At its core, it describes two distinct but related concepts: the act of verbal disagreement and the structural presentation of logic. In everyday conversation, when we mention that a couple is having 'arguments,' we are referring to heated exchanges, disputes, or quarrels where emotions often run high. However, in academic, legal, and professional contexts, 'arguments' refers to a series of reasons, statements, or facts intended to support a specific point of view or to persuade an audience. Understanding the nuance between these two definitions is crucial for effective communication. For instance, a lawyer presents 'arguments' to a jury not to start a fight, but to build a logical bridge toward a verdict. Conversely, a teenager might get into 'arguments' with their parents over curfew, which is more about emotional friction than structured logic.

Logical Persuasion: This refers to the systematic presentation of evidence. In an essay, your arguments must be backed by data and peer-reviewed sources to be considered valid by the academic community.

The philosopher presented several compelling arguments regarding the existence of free will, sparking a deep debate among the students.

In the realm of computer science, 'arguments' takes on a technical meaning. It refers to the specific values passed into a function or a procedure. When a programmer writes code, the 'arguments' provide the necessary input for the function to perform its task. This usage is strictly technical and lacks the emotional or persuasive weight found in linguistic contexts. Furthermore, the word is often used in the context of public discourse. We hear about 'political arguments' or 'economic arguments' in the news daily. These are often a blend of the two primary definitions: they are structured attempts to persuade the public, but they frequently devolve into heated disputes between opposing factions. The versatility of 'arguments' makes it a staple of the English language, appearing in everything from high-court transcripts to playground squabbles.

Interpersonal Conflict: This usage focuses on the emotional clash between individuals. It often implies a lack of agreement and can range from minor bickering to serious, long-term disputes.

Constant arguments over household chores can lead to significant stress within a family dynamic.

Culturally, the way 'arguments' are perceived varies. In some cultures, vigorous arguments are seen as a healthy sign of intellectual engagement and honesty. In others, they are viewed as a failure of social harmony and are avoided at all costs. In the English-speaking world, particularly in Western academic traditions, the ability to construct sound 'arguments' is highly prized as a core component of critical thinking. Students are taught to identify fallacies in arguments—errors in reasoning that undermine the logic of a statement. By mastering the art of arguments, one gains the power to influence others and navigate complex social and professional landscapes effectively.

Technical Parameters: In programming, arguments are the actual values you pass to a function's parameters. For example, in 'add(5, 3)', the numbers 5 and 3 are the arguments.

The software crashed because the developer passed the wrong type of arguments to the database connection function.

The defense attorney’s closing arguments were so persuasive that the jury reached a verdict in less than an hour.

Despite their frequent arguments about politics, the two neighbors remained the best of friends.

Using the word arguments correctly requires an understanding of its grammatical environment. As a plural noun, it always takes a plural verb (e.g., 'The arguments are...'). It is frequently paired with verbs like 'present,' 'develop,' 'refute,' 'win,' or 'lose.' When you are talking about the logical side, you might say, 'She presented her arguments clearly.' When referring to a conflict, you might say, 'They had several arguments last week.' The preposition 'about' or 'over' usually follows 'arguments' when specifying the topic of a dispute, while 'for' or 'against' is used when discussing logical support or opposition.

Verb Pairings: Common verbs include: construct, strengthen, undermine, settle, and avoid. For example, 'We need to settle these arguments before they ruin our working relationship.'

The scientist struggled to find enough data to support her arguments against the new theory.

In formal writing, 'arguments' is often modified by adjectives that describe their quality. 'Compelling arguments,' 'persuasive arguments,' and 'cogent arguments' are positive descriptors. On the other hand, 'weak arguments,' 'flawed arguments,' or 'specious arguments' suggest that the reasoning is poor or deceptive. In a debate, one might 'counter' the opponent's arguments. This involves identifying the weaknesses in the other person's logic and providing superior evidence. Notice how the word shifts the tone of the sentence; 'They had arguments' sounds like a personal problem, whereas 'They exchanged arguments' sounds like a formal debate.

Prepositional Usage: Use 'arguments for' when supporting an idea and 'arguments against' when opposing it. Use 'arguments with' when referring to the person you are disputing.

There are many valid arguments for increasing the minimum wage in urban areas.

When describing a pattern of behavior, you might use the phrase 'prone to arguments' or 'constantly in arguments.' This suggests a personality trait or a volatile situation. In legal contexts, 'oral arguments' refers to the spoken presentations made by lawyers to an appellate court. This is a highly structured environment where the word 'arguments' is used with the utmost precision. In contrast, 'silly arguments' might refer to trivial disagreements between friends about which movie to watch. The context always dictates whether the word implies a high-stakes intellectual battle or a low-stakes personal tiff.

Adjective Collocations: Common adjectives: logical, heated, circular, convincing, valid, and baseless. 'Circular arguments' are particularly frustrating because they end where they began.

He was tired of the same old arguments they had every single time they discussed their budget.

The committee listened to the arguments from both the developers and the local residents before making a decision.

I don't want to get into any arguments today, so let's just agree to disagree on this topic.

The word arguments is ubiquitous in modern life, appearing in diverse settings ranging from the dinner table to the Supreme Court. In the media, you will hear news anchors discussing 'political arguments' regarding new legislation or international treaties. Talk shows often thrive on 'heated arguments' between guests with opposing viewpoints, as these conflicts drive viewership and engagement. In the workplace, managers might ask for 'business arguments' to justify a request for a larger budget or a new hire. Here, the word is synonymous with 'justification' or 'business case.' If you are a student, your professors will constantly evaluate the 'arguments' you present in your essays, looking for logical consistency and empirical support.

Legal Settings: In a courtroom, 'closing arguments' are the final chance for lawyers to persuade the jury. This is a formal, highly rhetorical use of the word.

The news report focused on the arguments presented during the public hearing about the new highway project.

In the world of technology and software development, 'arguments' is a term of art. If you overhear a group of developers talking about 'passing arguments,' they aren't discussing a fight they had; they are talking about sending data to a function. This is a very common usage in technical meetings and documentation. In literature and film, 'arguments' often serve as the catalyst for plot development. A protagonist might have 'arguments' with a mentor, leading to a moment of growth or a significant change in direction. In social media, 'arguments' are unfortunately common in comment sections, where users engage in 'flame wars'—long, often unproductive exchanges of 'arguments' that can become quite toxic.

Academic Discourse: Scholars publish papers to advance 'arguments' about history, science, or literature. These are intended to be objective and evidence-based.

During the debate, both candidates used various arguments to convince voters that their economic plan was superior.

In family life, 'arguments' are a natural part of living together. Parents and children have 'arguments' about screen time, while spouses might have 'arguments' about finances. In these cases, the word carries a heavy emotional weight. Psychologists often study 'arguments' to help people communicate more effectively and resolve conflicts without damaging their relationships. Whether it's a 'philosophical argument' about the nature of reality or a 'petty argument' about who left the lights on, the word captures the essence of human disagreement and the attempt to reach a conclusion, whether through logic or sheer force of will.

Programming Context: When debugging code, a programmer might say, 'The function isn't receiving the correct arguments,' referring to the input data.

The documentary explored the complex arguments surrounding climate change and renewable energy.

The board of directors had several arguments before finally deciding to merge with the smaller company.

I overheard some arguments coming from the apartment next door late last night.

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make with arguments is confusing it with 'discussions.' While all arguments are discussions, not all discussions are arguments. A 'discussion' is generally neutral and involves an exchange of ideas, whereas 'arguments' usually implies either a disagreement or a structured attempt to prove a point. If you say, 'We had many arguments about the project,' people will think you were fighting. If you meant that you were just talking about it, 'discussions' is the better word. Another common error is using the singular 'argument' when the plural 'arguments' is required, especially when referring to a list of reasons.

Argument vs. Discussion: An argument often has a winner and a loser, or at least two opposing sides. A discussion is a collaborative effort to explore a topic.

Incorrect: We had a very productive arguments about the new policy. (Should be 'discussion' if it was productive and friendly).

Spelling is another area where mistakes occur. Some people mistakenly add an extra 'e' before the 'm' (arguement), but the correct spelling is 'argument' and 'arguments.' Additionally, learners sometimes struggle with the prepositions. Remember: you have an argument *with* a person *about* a topic. You present arguments *for* or *against* a proposal. Using 'arguments of' is less common and usually refers to the arguments belonging to a specific person or group (e.g., 'the arguments of the opposition'). In programming, confusing 'arguments' with 'parameters' is a common technical mistake. Parameters are the variables in the function definition, while arguments are the actual values passed to them.

Countability Errors: Learners sometimes treat 'arguments' as uncountable. Incorrect: 'There was much arguments.' Correct: 'There were many arguments.'

Incorrect: He gave me a lot of arguements why I should go. (Spelling error: 'arguements' should be 'arguments').

Finally, be careful with the intensity of the word. In some contexts, saying 'we had arguments' can sound quite serious, implying a breakdown in the relationship. If you just had a minor difference of opinion, it might be better to say 'we had some minor disagreements' or 'we didn't see eye to eye.' Overusing 'arguments' can make a situation sound more hostile than it actually was. Conversely, in an academic setting, failing to use the word 'arguments' when you are actually presenting a thesis can make your writing seem weak and descriptive rather than analytical and persuasive.

Register Mismatch: Using 'arguments' in a very casual setting might sound too formal. 'We had a fight' is more common in informal speech than 'We had arguments.'

The student's essay was full of arguments, but none of them were supported by actual evidence.

Please stop making arguments just for the sake of being difficult.

The two scientists had long arguments about the data, but they eventually reached a consensus.

To enrich your vocabulary, it's helpful to know synonyms for arguments that fit different contexts. For the 'disagreement' sense, words like 'disputes,' 'quarrels,' 'altercations,' and 'squabbles' are useful. 'Disputes' is often used in legal or formal contexts (e.g., 'labor disputes'). 'Quarrels' sounds a bit more personal and old-fashioned. 'Altercations' usually implies a noisy or even physical public fight. 'Squabbles' refers to petty, unimportant disagreements, often between children or siblings. Choosing the right synonym helps you convey the exact intensity and nature of the conflict.

Synonyms for Conflict: Disputes (formal), Quarrels (personal), Altercations (intense/public), Squabbles (petty), Row (British informal).

The neighbors had frequent squabbles over where the property line actually was.

For the 'logical' sense of 'arguments,' you might use 'reasons,' 'points,' 'claims,' 'contentions,' or 'justifications.' 'Reasons' is the most common and simple alternative. 'Points' is often used in debates (e.g., 'You made some good points'). 'Claims' is common in academic writing to describe an assertion that needs proof. 'Contentions' is a more formal word, often used in legal or highly academic settings to describe a point maintained in an argument. 'Justifications' specifically refers to the reasons given to explain why something is right or reasonable. Using these alternatives can prevent your writing from becoming repetitive.

Synonyms for Logic: Reasons (general), Claims (academic), Contentions (formal), Points (debate), Justifications (explanatory).

The author’s main contentions were that the industrial revolution had a primarily negative impact on the working class.

When comparing 'arguments' to 'debates,' remember that a 'debate' is a formal discussion on a particular topic in a public meeting or legislative assembly, in which opposing arguments are put forward. An 'argument' can be part of a debate, but a debate is the overall event. Similarly, a 'controversy' is a prolonged public disagreement or heated discussion. 'Arguments' are the individual components that make up a controversy. By understanding these subtle differences, you can more accurately describe the world around you and engage in more sophisticated communication.

Comparison: Argument vs. Contention: An argument is the whole process of reasoning. A contention is a specific point that someone is trying to prove within that argument.

The lawyer’s justifications for his client's actions were based on the principle of self-defense.

There are several points I would like to make in response to your previous statement.

The ongoing disputes between the two countries have led to a breakdown in diplomatic relations.

How Formal Is It?

Formal

Neutral

Informal

Child friendly

Slang

Fun Fact

In the 14th century, an 'argument' was a summary of the plot of a play or poem, a meaning still used in some literary contexts today.

Pronunciation Guide

UK /ˈɑːɡ.jə.mənts/

US /ˈɑːrɡ.jə.mənts/

First syllable: ARG-u-ments

Rhymes With

garments parchments apartments departments compartments disarmaments embankments enchantments

Common Errors

Pronouncing the 'u' like 'oo' (arg-oo-ments).
Putting the stress on the second syllable.
Adding an extra 'e' sound in the middle.
Failing to pronounce the final 's' clearly.
Swallowing the 'm' sound.

Difficulty Rating

Reading 3/5

Easy to recognize in context, but academic meanings can be dense.

Writing 4/5

Requires careful use of prepositions and collocations.

Speaking 3/5

Commonly used, but pronunciation of the middle syllable can be tricky.

Listening 2/5

Usually clear in speech due to its distinct rhythm.

What to Learn Next

Prerequisites

agree disagree reason fight talk

Learn Next

persuasion rhetoric fallacy controversy thesis

Advanced

dialectic syllogism premise deduction induction

Grammar to Know

Plural Noun Agreement

The arguments are (not 'is') very strong.

Prepositional Phrases

Arguments *about* money; arguments *with* friends.

Countable vs. Uncountable

Many arguments (not 'much arguments').

Gerund as Object

He enjoys winning arguments.

Passive Voice

The arguments were presented by the lawyer.

Examples by Level

The two brothers had many arguments about their toys.

Los dos hermanos tuvieron muchas discusiones por sus juguetes.

Plural noun 'arguments' follows the verb 'had'.

I do not like arguments.

No me gustan las discusiones.

Simple plural noun used as an object.

They have arguments every day.

Ellos tienen discusiones todos los días.

Present simple tense with a plural noun.

Stop those arguments now!

¡Detengan esas discusiones ahora!

Imperative sentence using 'arguments' as the object.

Are there arguments in your family?

¿Hay discusiones en tu familia?

Question form using 'there are' with a plural noun.

We had arguments about the movie.

Tuvimos discusiones sobre la película.

Preposition 'about' specifies the topic.

Small arguments are okay.

Las pequeñas discusiones están bien.

Adjective 'small' modifies the plural noun.

No more arguments, please.

No más discusiones, por favor.

Fragment used in a common social situation.

My parents often have arguments about the housework.

Mis padres a menudo tienen discusiones sobre las tareas del hogar.

Adverb 'often' describes the frequency of the arguments.

He always starts arguments when he is tired.

Él siempre empieza discusiones cuando está cansado.

Verb 'starts' is commonly paired with 'arguments'.

We had some arguments, but we are still friends.

Tuvimos algunas discusiones, pero seguimos siendo amigos.

Determiner 'some' used with a plural noun.

There were many arguments during the meeting.

Hubo muchas discusiones durante la reunión.

Past tense 'there were' used with a plural noun.

I try to avoid arguments at work.

Intento evitar discusiones en el trabajo.

Infinitive 'to avoid' followed by the plural noun.

The arguments were about who should pay the bill.

Las discusiones eran sobre quién debía pagar la cuenta.

Relative clause 'who should pay' explains the topic.

She doesn't like to get into arguments.

A ella no le gusta meterse en discusiones.

Phrasal verb 'get into' used with 'arguments'.

Their arguments are usually very loud.

Sus discusiones suelen ser muy ruidosas.

Possessive adjective 'their' modifies the noun.

The essay should include arguments for and against the topic.

El ensayo debe incluir argumentos a favor y en contra del tema.

Prepositions 'for' and 'against' are key for this meaning.

She presented her arguments very clearly to the class.

Ella presentó sus argumentos muy claramente a la clase.

Verb 'presented' indicates a formal delivery of ideas.

We need to find stronger arguments to convince the manager.

Necesitamos encontrar argumentos más fuertes para convencer al gerente.

Comparative adjective 'stronger' modifies the noun.

The two politicians had heated arguments during the debate.

Los dos políticos tuvieron discusiones acaloradas durante el debate.

Adjective 'heated' describes the intensity of the disagreement.

There are several arguments in favor of renewable energy.

Hay varios argumentos a favor de la energía renovable.

Determiner 'several' indicates multiple points.

I don't want to hear any more arguments about this.

No quiero escuchar más discusiones sobre esto.

Negative construction 'don't want to hear any more'.

His arguments were based on facts, not emotions.

Sus argumentos se basaron en hechos, no en emociones.

Passive construction 'were based on'.

The book explores different arguments regarding climate change.

El libro explora diferentes argumentos sobre el cambio climático.

Verb 'explores' suggests a detailed analysis.

The lawyer's closing arguments were extremely persuasive.

Los argumentos finales del abogado fueron extremadamente persuasivos.

Compound noun 'closing arguments' is a specific legal term.

It is difficult to refute his arguments without more data.

Es difícil refutar sus argumentos sin más datos.

Verb 'refute' means to prove an argument wrong.

The committee considered all the arguments before voting.

El comité consideró todos los argumentos antes de votar.

Verb 'considered' implies a careful evaluation.

The programmer passed the wrong arguments to the function.

El programador pasó los argumentos incorrectos a la función.

Technical usage in computer science.

There are compelling arguments on both sides of the issue.

Hay argumentos convincentes en ambos lados del asunto.

Adjective 'compelling' means very strong and convincing.

The article summarizes the main arguments of the debate.

El artículo resume los principales argumentos del debate.

Verb 'summarizes' is used for academic or journalistic reporting.

He dismissed her arguments as being purely speculative.

Él descartó sus argumentos por ser puramente especulativos.

Verb 'dismissed' followed by 'as being'.

The two theories present conflicting arguments about the universe.

Las dos teorías presentan argumentos contradictorios sobre el universo.

Adjective 'conflicting' shows that the arguments cannot both be true.

The philosopher's arguments were criticized for being circular.

Los argumentos del filósofo fueron criticados por ser circulares.

'Circular arguments' is a specific term for a logical fallacy.

The validity of these arguments depends on the initial assumptions.

La validez de estos argumentos depende de las suposiciones iniciales.

Abstract noun 'validity' used with 'arguments'.

She skillfully deconstructed the opponent's arguments during the trial.

Ella deconstruyó hábilmente los argumentos del oponente durante el juicio.

Verb 'deconstructed' implies a deep, critical analysis.

The arguments put forward in the paper are highly controversial.

Los argumentos presentados en el artículo son muy controvertidos.

Phrasal verb 'put forward' is formal for 'presented'.

The judge found the defense's arguments to be without merit.

El juez consideró que los argumentos de la defensa carecían de mérito.

Formal legal phrase 'to be without merit'.

There is a wealth of arguments supporting the need for reform.

Hay una gran cantidad de argumentos que apoyan la necesidad de una reforma.

Idiomatic expression 'a wealth of' meaning 'a lot of'.

The arguments were nuanced and required careful reading.

Los argumentos eran matizados y requerían una lectura cuidadosa.

Adjective 'nuanced' implies subtle differences in meaning.

His arguments were bolstered by recent archaeological findings.

Sus argumentos se vieron reforzados por hallazgos arqueológicos recientes.

Verb 'bolstered' means strengthened or supported.

The dialectical process involves the synthesis of opposing arguments.

El proceso dialéctico implica la síntesis de argumentos opuestos.

Highly academic term 'dialectical process'.

The sheer cogency of her arguments left the audience spellbound.

La pura contundencia de sus argumentos dejó al público hechizado.

Noun 'cogency' refers to the quality of being clear, logical, and convincing.

The author systematically dismantles the traditional arguments for the status quo.

El autor desmantela sistemáticamente los argumentos tradicionales a favor del statu quo.

Verb 'dismantles' is a powerful synonym for 'refutes'.

These arguments are predicated on a flawed understanding of human nature.

Estos argumentos se basan en una comprensión defectuosa de la naturaleza humana.

Formal verb 'predicated on' meaning 'based on'.

The legal team spent months crafting their appellate arguments.

El equipo legal pasó meses elaborando sus argumentos de apelación.

Verb 'crafting' implies a high level of skill and care.

The arguments were so labyrinthine that few could follow them.

Los argumentos eran tan laberínticos que pocos podían seguirlos.

Adjective 'labyrinthine' means complicated and confusing.

One must distinguish between substantive arguments and mere rhetoric.

Uno debe distinguir entre argumentos sustantivos y mera retórica.

Adjective 'substantive' refers to something having real importance.

The polemic was characterized by aggressive and uncompromising arguments.

La polémica se caracterizó por argumentos agresivos e intransigentes.

Noun 'polemic' refers to a strong verbal or written attack.

Common Collocations

present arguments

heated arguments

closing arguments

logical arguments

have arguments

avoid arguments

refute arguments

pass arguments

settle arguments

compelling arguments

Common Phrases

get into arguments

— To start or become involved in a disagreement.

He tends to get into arguments with people he doesn't know.

win arguments

— To successfully persuade someone or 'beat' them in a dispute.

She is very good at winning arguments because she is so logical.

lose arguments

— To fail to persuade someone or be defeated in a dispute.

I always lose arguments with my father; he's too stubborn.

arguments for and against

— Reasons supporting and reasons opposing a particular idea.

We weighed the arguments for and against moving to a new city.

no arguments there

— A phrase used to show that you completely agree with someone.

The food here is great. - No arguments there!

the weight of the arguments

— The overall strength or persuasiveness of the reasons given.

The weight of the arguments was clearly on the side of the defense.

circular arguments

— Arguments that use their conclusion as one of their premises.

I'm tired of these circular arguments that never get anywhere.

petty arguments

— Disagreements about small, unimportant things.

They broke up over a series of petty arguments.

oral arguments

— Spoken presentations made by lawyers in court.

The Supreme Court will hear oral arguments on the case tomorrow.

fallacious arguments

— Arguments that are based on faulty or mistaken logic.

The politician's speech was full of fallacious arguments.

Often Confused With

arguments vs discussions

Discussions are neutral exchanges; arguments are disagreements or persuasive points.

arguments vs parameters

In coding, parameters are the variables; arguments are the actual values.

arguments vs fights

Fights can be physical; arguments are strictly verbal or logical.

Idioms & Expressions

"for the sake of argument"

— To assume something is true just to see where the logic leads.

Let's say, for the sake of argument, that you are right.

Neutral

"pick an argument"

— To intentionally start a disagreement with someone.

He was just looking to pick an argument with anyone who would listen.

Informal

"clinch the argument"

— To provide the final, decisive point that wins a debate.

Her last piece of evidence really clinched the argument.

Neutral

"water down the arguments"

— To make arguments weaker or less forceful.

The editor watered down the author's arguments to avoid controversy.

Neutral

"knock the bottom out of an argument"

— To completely disprove or destroy an argument.

The new data knocked the bottom out of his arguments.

Informal

"a running argument"

— A disagreement that continues over a long period of time.

They have a running argument about who is the better cook.

Neutral

"split hairs in arguments"

— To focus on tiny, unimportant details during a disagreement.

Stop splitting hairs in our arguments and focus on the main point!

Informal

"the argument holds water"

— The argument is logical and can be supported.

I don't think your arguments really hold water.

Neutral

"beyond argument"

— Something that is so obviously true that it cannot be debated.

It is beyond argument that the climate is changing.

Formal

"into the thick of the arguments"

— To get involved in the most intense part of a debate.

He jumped right into the thick of the arguments at the meeting.

Neutral

Easily Confused

arguments vs argumentation

Both relate to arguing.

Argumentation is the *process* or *method* of developing arguments.

His skills in argumentation are superior to his peers.

arguments vs controversy

Both involve disagreement.

A controversy is a large-scale, public disagreement; arguments are the specific points within it.

The new movie caused a lot of controversy.

arguments vs debate

Both involve opposing views.

A debate is a formal event; arguments are the content of the debate.

We watched the presidential debate last night.

arguments vs quarrel

Both mean a verbal fight.

A quarrel is usually personal and emotional; an argument can be logical.

The lovers had a bitter quarrel.

arguments vs logic

Arguments are based on logic.

Logic is the system of reasoning; arguments are the application of that system.

His arguments lacked any basic logic.

Sentence Patterns

I have arguments.

I have arguments with my brother.

They had arguments about [noun].

They had arguments about the game.

There are arguments for [noun].

There are arguments for the new school.

She presented her arguments clearly.

She presented her arguments clearly to the boss.

The arguments were based on [noun].

The arguments were based on scientific data.

He refuted the arguments by [gerund].

He refuted the arguments by showing new evidence.

The cogency of the arguments was [adjective].

The cogency of the arguments was undeniable.

Arguments predicated on [noun] are [adjective].

Arguments predicated on false premises are useless.

Word Family

Nouns

Verbs

Adjectives

How to Use It

frequency

Very common in both spoken and written English.

Common Mistakes

Using 'much arguments' instead of 'many arguments.' → There were many arguments during the debate.
Since 'arguments' is a countable noun, you must use 'many,' not 'much.'
Spelling it as 'arguements.' → Her arguments were very convincing.
The word 'argument' and its plural 'arguments' do not have an 'e' after the 'u.'
Confusing 'arguments' with 'discussions' in a positive context. → We had a long discussion about our holiday plans.
If the exchange was friendly and collaborative, 'discussion' is more appropriate than 'arguments.'
Using the wrong preposition: 'arguments of the topic.' → What are the arguments for the new policy?
Use 'for' or 'against' when referring to the support or opposition of a topic.
Treating 'arguments' as a singular noun. → The arguments are presented in the first chapter.
As a plural noun, 'arguments' requires a plural verb like 'are' or 'were.'

Tips

Structure Your Essays

Use the word 'arguments' to introduce the different points you are making. This helps the reader follow your logic clearly.

Stay Calm

When you are in a situation where people are having arguments, staying calm and using logical points will make you more persuasive.

Use Synonyms

Don't just use 'arguments' every time. Try 'reasons,' 'claims,' or 'disputes' to make your English sound more natural and varied.

Check Your Prepositions

Remember: arguments *about* something, *with* someone, *for* or *against* an idea. Getting these right is key for B1 and above.

Identify the Context

When you hear 'arguments,' check if the people are angry or if they are in a formal setting like a school or court. This changes the meaning.

No Middle 'E'

Always double-check that you haven't written 'arguements.' It's a small mistake that can make your writing look less professional.

Look for Fallacies

Try to identify if the arguments you hear are logical or if they are 'fallacious' (based on bad logic). This is a great way to practice critical thinking.

Agree to Disagree

If arguments are becoming too heated and no progress is being made, it's often best to 'agree to disagree' to save the relationship.

Programming Arguments

If you are learning to code, remember that 'arguments' are the data you feed into your functions. They are the 'inputs.'

Summarize Arguments

After reading an article, try to list the main arguments in your own words. This is excellent practice for comprehension.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Think of 'ARGuments' as 'ARG!' (the sound of frustration) + 'U' + 'MENTs' (mental reasons). You have a mental fight!

Visual Association

Imagine two people pulling on opposite ends of a rope (the disagreement) while standing on a bridge made of books (the logical reasons).

Word Web

Logic Fight Reason Debate Proof Quarrel Persuade Disagree

Challenge

Try to use 'arguments' in three different ways today: one about a fight, one about a reason, and one about a debate.

Word Origin

Derived from the Latin word 'argumentum,' which comes from 'arguere,' meaning 'to make clear, prove, or accuse.' It entered Middle English via Old French.

Original meaning: The original meaning focused on 'proof' or 'evidence' rather than 'disagreement.'

Indo-European (Latin branch)

Cultural Context

Be careful using 'arguments' to describe serious conflicts like wars or deep trauma, as it might sound too trivial.

In the UK and US, 'having an argument' is a very common way to describe a verbal fight.

The 'Argument Clinic' sketch by Monty Python. The 'Closing Arguments' in the movie 'To Kill a Mockingbird'. The 'Five-Paragraph Essay' structure which focuses on building arguments.

Practice in Real Life

Real-World Contexts

Family/Home

stop having arguments
arguments over chores
avoid family arguments
petty arguments

School/University

present your arguments
arguments for the essay
logical arguments
refute the arguments

Law/Court

closing arguments
oral arguments
legal arguments
the weight of the arguments

Programming

pass arguments
function arguments
invalid arguments
command-line arguments

Politics/News

political arguments
heated arguments
conflicting arguments
public arguments

Conversation Starters

"Do you think having arguments is a healthy part of a relationship?"

"What are some common arguments people have in your country?"

"How do you usually try to win arguments with your friends?"

"Can you remember the last time you had arguments with someone?"

"What are the strongest arguments for learning a second language?"

Journal Prompts

Write about a time you had arguments with a family member and how you resolved it.

List three arguments for and three arguments against using social media.

Describe a situation where you had to present arguments to persuade someone.

How do you feel when you are involved in heated arguments?

Do you prefer to avoid arguments or face them directly? Why?

Frequently Asked Questions

10 questions

No, 'arguments' is not always negative. While it can mean a verbal fight, in academic and professional contexts, it refers to logical reasons used to support a point. This is a positive and necessary part of critical thinking and persuasion.

The plural of argument is 'arguments.' Be careful not to add an extra 'e'—it is not 'arguements.' This is a very common spelling mistake even for native speakers.

A discussion is a general exchange of ideas, often collaborative. An argument is more specific, involving either a disagreement between people or a structured attempt to prove a particular point.

Yes! In programming, 'arguments' are the values you pass into a function. For example, if you have a function 'sum(a, b)', and you call 'sum(5, 10)', the numbers 5 and 10 are the arguments.

Closing arguments are the final speeches made by lawyers at the end of a trial. They summarize the evidence and try to persuade the jury to reach a specific verdict.

It means you are assuming something is true just to explore the logical consequences, even if you don't actually believe it is true. It's a way to test an idea.

To make your arguments stronger, you should provide clear evidence, use logical reasoning, address potential counter-arguments, and ensure your points are well-organized and easy to follow.

Yes, 'arguments' is a countable noun. You can say 'one argument,' 'two arguments,' or 'many arguments.' You should use 'many' or 'few' with it, not 'much' or 'little.'

Circular arguments are a type of logical fallacy where the reasoner begins with what they are trying to end with. For example: 'I am right because I say I am right.'

A counter-argument is an argument that is presented to oppose or refute another argument. It is an essential part of a balanced debate or essay.