Meaning
Used to provide a reason or justification for a statement.
Cultural Background
In Iranian universities, using simple words like 'chon' in a thesis is often discouraged. Students are expected to use 'Az in ru ke' or 'Zira' to demonstrate their mastery of academic Persian. News anchors on IRIB or BBC Persian use this phrase to maintain a distance and objective tone. It sounds more 'journalistic' than everyday speech. Legal Persian is heavily influenced by Arabic and formal structures. 'Az in ru ke' is used to link a crime or action to a specific article of law. Modern Persian prose writers use this phrase to create a rhythmic, intellectual flow in their essays, distinguishing their work from 'yellow' or popular literature.
The 'Ke' Rule
Always remember: No 'ke', no 'because'. Without 'ke', you are saying 'therefore'.
Register Check
Don't use this with your Persian friends at a cafe. You'll sound like you're giving a lecture.
Meaning
Used to provide a reason or justification for a statement.
The 'Ke' Rule
Always remember: No 'ke', no 'because'. Without 'ke', you are saying 'therefore'.
Register Check
Don't use this with your Persian friends at a cafe. You'll sound like you're giving a lecture.
Academic Success
If you are taking the SAMFA (Persian Proficiency Test), using this phrase in the writing section will boost your score.
Test Yourself
Fill in the blank with the correct formal phrase to show cause.
پروژه متوقف شد، _______ بودجه کافی وجود نداشت.
We need a word that means 'because' in a formal context. 'Az in ru' means 'therefore'.
Which sentence is appropriate for a formal news report?
Select the best option:
This option uses formal vocabulary ('gardid', 'namosa'ed') and the correct conjunction.
Match the phrase with its logical function.
Match the following:
'Az in ru ke' introduces the reason/cause.
Complete the formal dialogue.
مدیر: چرا گزارش آماده نیست؟ کارمند: گزارش آماده نشده است، _______ .
The employee should use a formal register with the correct 'ke' conjunction.
🎉 Score: /4
Visual Learning Aids
Practice Bank
4 exercisesپروژه متوقف شد، _______ بودجه کافی وجود نداشت.
We need a word that means 'because' in a formal context. 'Az in ru' means 'therefore'.
Select the best option:
This option uses formal vocabulary ('gardid', 'namosa'ed') and the correct conjunction.
Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:
'Az in ru ke' introduces the reason/cause.
مدیر: چرا گزارش آماده نیست؟ کارمند: گزارش آماده نشده است، _______ .
The employee should use a formal register with the correct 'ke' conjunction.
🎉 Score: /4
Frequently Asked Questions
10 questionsYes, they mean the same thing, but 'Az in ru ke' is much more formal and used in writing.
It's rare. Usually, it's better to use 'Az anja ke' if you want to start a sentence with 'Since...'.
It's a metaphor. Think of it as 'from this aspect' or 'from this side of the argument'.
It is standard in Iran. In Tajikistan, they might use different formal connectors, though it is understood.
Yes, it is perfect for formal business correspondence.
Translating 'therefore' as 'Az in ru ke' instead of just 'Az in ru'.
Usually no, it takes the indicative because it's stating a fact/reason.
They are about the same level, but 'Az in ru ke' feels slightly more modern-academic.
Yes, but poets often use 'Az an ru ke' to fit the meter.
Like the 'roo' in 'kangaroo'.
Related Phrases
از این رو
similarTherefore / For this reason
زیرا
synonymBecause / Since
چرا که
synonymBecause
به دلیل اینکه
synonymDue to the fact that
از آنجا که
similarSince / Given that
