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B2 adjective 11 min read

مقطعی

moqatta'i
Examples مقطعی in 30 Seconds
Explanation مقطعی in your Level:
At the A1 level, the word 'مقطعی' (maghta'i) is quite advanced. However, you can think of it as meaning 'not all the time' or 'sometimes'. Imagine you are talking about the weather. If it rains for 10 minutes, stops, and then rains again, that is 'maghta'i'. At this level, you don't need to use this word yourself, but you might hear it on the news. Just remember: it means something that is broken into small pieces of time. It is not 'hamishe' (always). It is 'mogh-ta-ee'. The most important thing for an A1 student is to recognize that the root 'ghat' means 'cut' or 'break'. So, 'maghta'i' is something that has many breaks in it. It is like a chocolate bar that is already cut into pieces. You don't have the whole bar at once; you have it piece by piece. In Persian, we use this for things like rain or electricity going off and on.
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For A2 learners, 'مقطعی' (maghta'i) is a useful word to describe things that are temporary or happen in steps. You might use it to describe your study schedule if you don't study every day, but rather in short bursts. A good way to remember it is to compare it to 'movaqqati' (temporary). If you have a job for only one month, it is 'movaqqati'. If you work only on Mondays and Wednesdays, your work is more 'maghta'i' (intermittent). You will start to see this word in simple news headlines about the city, like 'intermittent water cuts' (ghat-e āb-e maghta'i). It's a formal way to say something isn't continuous. Try to notice the 'i' at the end, which makes it an adjective. When you hear a doctor or a teacher use this word, they are being very specific about the timing of an event.
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At the B1 level, you should start integrating 'مقطعی' (maghta'i) into your vocabulary to replace simpler phrases like 'ba'zi vaght-ha' (sometimes). This word adds a layer of professionalism to your Persian. You can use it to describe economic situations, health issues, or technical problems. For example, if your internet connection is unstable, you can say 'internet maghta'i ast'. This sounds much better than saying 'internet kharab ast' (the internet is broken). You should also understand that this word can mean 'cross-sectional' in a more academic sense, though you might not use that meaning often yet. Focus on the 'intermittent' or 'short-term' meaning. It is often used to criticize a solution that doesn't fix the whole problem. If you just fix a small part of a broken car, that is a 'rah-e hall-e maghta'i'. It's a 'band-aid' solution.
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At the B2 level, which is the target for this word, you are expected to use 'مقطعی' (maghta'i) with precision. You should be able to distinguish it from 'movaqqati' (temporary) and 'gozara' (fleeting). 'Maghta'i' implies a structural or temporal segmenting. You will use it in discussions about social studies (cross-sectional research), medicine (intermittent symptoms), and policy-making (short-term measures). You should be comfortable using it in the 'Ezafe' construction, such as 'tasmimāt-e maghta'i' (intermittent/temporary decisions). At this level, you also recognize the critical connotation it can carry in political or social discourse—implying that something lacks depth or longevity. You might use it to describe a 'sectional view' in engineering or architecture. Your goal is to use this word to provide more detailed and analytical descriptions of events and processes.
For C1 learners, 'مقطعی' (maghta'i) is a tool for nuanced analysis. You understand its etymological roots in the Arabic 'Q-T-A' and how that influences its various meanings in Persian. You can use it to discuss complex scientific methodologies, such as 'cross-sectional analysis' versus 'longitudinal analysis'. You also use it rhetorically to critique social movements or economic policies that you believe are superficial. In literature, you might encounter it in more abstract ways, describing a 'fragmented' experience of time or reality. You are expected to use it perfectly in formal writing, ensuring it collocates with the correct high-level nouns. You also recognize its use in technical fields like geometry or anatomy to describe a 'section' or 'cut' through an object. At this level, the word is not just a vocabulary item; it's a conceptual category.
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At the C2 level, 'مقطعی' (maghta'i) is used with total mastery across all its semantic ranges. You can appreciate its use in classical and modern literature where it might describe the 'segmented' nature of memory or history. You are capable of using it in highly specialized academic papers, whether in the humanities or the hard sciences. You understand the subtle difference between 'maghta'i' and 'monfaset' (discrete) or 'moghata' (segmented). In a debate, you might use the term to deconstruct an opponent's argument as being 'purely sectional' and failing to account for the holistic reality. You have an intuitive sense of when this word is the only one that will suffice to describe a specific type of non-continuity. You also understand any idiomatic or metaphorical extensions of the word in contemporary Persian slang or professional jargon.
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Examples

مقطعی in 30 Seconds

  • Maghta'i means intermittent or temporary, often describing things that occur in segments rather than continuously.

The Persian word مقطعی (pronounced as /mæɢtæʔi/) is a sophisticated adjective primarily used to describe something that is not continuous, permanent, or holistic. At its core, the word is derived from the Arabic root 'Q-T-A' (قطع), which relates to cutting, breaking, or segmenting. Therefore, when we describe a phenomenon as maghta'i, we are literally saying it is 'sectional' or 'segmented' in nature. In modern Persian, this translates most frequently to 'intermittent,' 'temporary,' or 'cross-sectional,' depending on the field of study or the context of the conversation. It is a word that bridges the gap between everyday observation and academic precision, making it an essential tool for B2-level learners who wish to discuss complex topics like economics, medicine, or social trends.

Temporal Context
In a temporal sense, مقطعی refers to something that happens at irregular intervals or for a very limited duration. For example, if a city experiences power outages that come and go without a fixed schedule, these are described as 'ghat-e bargh-e maghta'i' (intermittent power cuts). It implies that the event is a 'slice' of time rather than a continuous stream.
Medical and Scientific Context
In medicine, a fever that disappears and reappears is called 'tab-e maghta'i'. In statistics and social sciences, a 'cross-sectional study'—one that looks at a population at a single point in time rather than over a long period—is termed a 'motale'eh-ye maghta'i'. This usage highlights the 'cutting' aspect of the root word, as if one is taking a slice of a population to examine it.

این مشکلات اقتصادی مقطعی هستند و به زودی برطرف می‌شوند.
These economic problems are intermittent/temporary and will be resolved soon.

Understanding the nuance of مقطعی requires distinguishing it from similar words like movaqqati (temporary). While movaqqati simply means something has an end date, maghta'i often carries the connotation of being a fragment of a larger whole or something that lacks consistency. It is frequently used in political discourse to criticize 'quick-fix' solutions that do not address root causes. A 'rah-e hall-e maghta'i' (a sectional/intermittent solution) is often seen as a 'band-aid' rather than a cure.

بارش‌های مقطعی در شمال کشور ادامه دارد.
Intermittent rainfalls continue in the north of the country.

Sociological Usage
Sociologists use this word to describe trends that appear in specific segments of society or at specific intervals. For instance, a 'fads' or 'short-lived fashions' can be described as cultural phenomena that are maghta'i.

ما به یک نگاه جامع نیاز داریم، نه یک تصمیم مقطعی.
We need a comprehensive view, not a sectional/short-term decision.

In summary, مقطعی is a versatile and high-level adjective. Whether you are discussing the weather, a medical condition, a financial crisis, or a research methodology, this word allows you to specify that something is fragmented, non-continuous, or limited to a specific slice of time or space. Its usage signals a higher level of Persian proficiency and an ability to categorize events with analytical precision.

Using مقطعی correctly involves understanding its placement as an adjective following the noun it modifies, adhering to the Persian rules of 'Ezafe'. Because it is an adjective that describes the nature of an occurrence, it is almost always paired with nouns related to time, action, or states of being. Let's explore its application across different registers and scenarios to ensure you can deploy it naturally in your speech and writing.

Describing Physical Phenomena
When talking about the natural world, مقطعی is the perfect word for things that don't stay consistent. If the wind blows in gusts rather than a steady breeze, you can describe it as 'bad-haye maghta'i'. If a stream only flows during the rainy season, it might be called a 'rudkhaneh-ye maghta'i'.

به دلیل تعمیرات، با قطعی مقطعی اینترنت مواجه خواهیم بود.
Due to repairs, we will face intermittent internet outages.

In professional settings, the word is often used to describe policies or measures that are seen as temporary fixes. This often carries a slightly critical tone, implying that the measure is not a 'root-cause' solution. For instance, a government might implement 'tasmimāt-e maghta'i' (short-term/sectional decisions) to stabilize the currency, which critics might argue are insufficient for long-term health.

In Academic Writing
In your essays, you might use 'motale'at-e maghta'i' to describe cross-sectional studies. This is a technical term. You would contrast this with 'motale'at-e tuli' (longitudinal studies). Using these terms correctly shows a command of academic Persian.

این یک راه حل مقطعی برای بحران فعلی است.
This is a temporary/intermittent solution for the current crisis.

Another common use case is in the workplace. If you are hired for a specific project rather than a permanent role, your employment could be described as 'estekhdām-e maghta'i' (seasonal or project-based employment). This is very common in the construction and agricultural sectors in Iran.

بیمار دچار دردهای مقطعی در ناحیه شکم است.
The patient is suffering from intermittent pains in the abdominal area.

Describing Emotional States
While less common than 'gozara' (fleeting), you can use مقطعی to describe feelings that come in waves. 'Khashm-e maghta'i' (intermittent anger) suggests outbursts that are not characteristic of the person's usual demeanor.

موفقیت‌های مقطعی نباید باعث غرور ما شود.
Sporadic/temporary successes should not make us proud (arrogant).

By mastering these patterns, you move beyond simple 'good' and 'bad' descriptions. You begin to categorize reality into segments, durations, and intensities, which is exactly what is expected at the B2 level. Whether you are explaining why the internet is slow or discussing the results of a medical checkup, مقطعی provides the precision you need.

If you tune into an Iranian news broadcast or read a Persian newspaper like 'Etela'at' or 'Shargh', you will encounter مقطعی almost daily. It is a favorite of journalists and commentators. Why? Because the world is full of events that are not permanent, and 'maghta'i' is the most professional way to describe them. From fluctuations in the stock market to seasonal weather patterns, this word is everywhere.

On the News (Khabar)
Listen for the weather reporter saying 'boresh-haye maghta'i' (intermittent showers). Or an economic analyst discussing 'nosanāt-e maghta'i-ye bāzār' (intermittent market fluctuations). In these contexts, the word emphasizes that while the situation might be intense right now, it is not the 'new normal'.

گزارش‌ها از کاهش مقطعی قیمت طلا خبر می‌دهند.
Reports indicate a temporary/intermittent decrease in gold prices.

In the medical field in Iran, doctors use this word constantly when talking to patients or writing reports. If you go to a clinic in Tehran and describe a pain that comes and goes, the doctor might ask, 'Aya dard-e shoma maghta'i ast?' (Is your pain intermittent?). It is much more common in this professional setting than the more colloquial 'yek-dar-miyan'.

In Corporate Meetings
If you work in an Iranian company, you might hear a manager say, 'In yek moshkel-e maghta'i ast' (This is a temporary/sectional problem). This is usually meant to reassure the team that the current struggle is just a 'segment' of the project and not a permanent failure.

استفاده از این دارو فقط به صورت مقطعی توصیه می‌شود.
The use of this medicine is only recommended on an intermittent basis.

In political activism or social criticism, the word is used to describe movements that flare up and then die down. A 'jonbesh-e maghta'i' (an intermittent/sporadic movement) is often contrasted with a 'jonbesh-e bar-khāste az متن jame'eh' (a movement rising from the fabric of society). Here, 'maghta'i' implies a lack of deep roots.

ما نباید به اصلاحات مقطعی دل خوش کنیم.
We should not pin our hopes on intermittent/sectional reforms.

Finally, in the arts and architecture, 'maghta'i' refers to a section view. If you are looking at a blueprint of a building, the 'cross-section' is the 'maghta-e' of the building. While this is a more literal use of the root, it's something you'll definitely hear if you're involved in design or engineering circles in Iran.

Even advanced learners can trip up when using مقطعی. The most common error is not about grammar, but about 'collocation'—knowing which nouns it likes to hang out with. Because it’s a formal word, using it with very slangy or informal nouns can sound a bit jarring, like wearing a tuxedo to a beach party.

Mistake 1: Confusing with 'Movaqqati'
While they both mean 'not permanent', movaqqati is much broader. You have a 'movaqqati' password, not a 'maghta'i' password. Use 'maghta'i' when there is a sense of 'intervals' or 'sections'. If something just has a short duration and then ends forever, 'movaqqati' is safer.

اشتباه: رمز عبور من مقطعی است.
Wrong: My password is 'maghta'i' (intermittent). Correct: My password is 'movaqqati' (temporary).

Another mistake involves the pronunciation of the 'ghayn' (ق) and 'ayn' (ع). Many learners skip the 'ayn' sound, making it sound like 'maghti'. In formal Persian, the 'ayn' provides a slight glottal stop or a lengthening of the vowel before it. Pronouncing it as 'magh-ta-ee' with a clear distinction helps in being understood by native speakers.

Mistake 2: Overusing it for 'Short'
Don't use maghta'i to describe a short distance or a short person. It is strictly for time, processes, or physical cross-sections. For a short movie, use 'kootah'. For a short break, you might use 'maghta'i' only if it's one of many breaks in a sequence.

اشتباه: او یک قد مقطعی دارد.
Wrong: He has a 'sectional' height. Correct: He is short (ghad-kootah).

Lastly, be careful with the word 'Ghat'i' (قطعی). While it shares the same root, 'Ghat'i' means 'definite' or 'final'. Adding the 'ma-' prefix and the 'i' suffix changes the meaning entirely to 'intermittent'. Saying 'tasmim-e ghat'i' means a final decision, whereas 'tasmim-e maghta'i' means a temporary/sectional decision. Mixing these up can cause significant confusion in business or legal contexts!

دقت کنید: تصمیم قطعی (Final) vs تصمیم مقطعی (Temporary).
Be careful: Final decision vs. Intermittent/Temporary decision.

To avoid these pitfalls, always ask yourself: 'Does this thing happen in chunks or sections?' If yes, maghta'i is likely the right choice. If it's just 'for now' and then gone, movaqqati is your friend. If it's 100% sure, ghat'i is the winner. Mastering these distinctions is a hallmark of a B2 learner.

In Persian, as in English, having a variety of synonyms allows you to express different shades of meaning. While مقطعی is excellent for formal and technical contexts, you might want to use other words depending on whether you want to emphasize the 'shortness,' the 'irregularity,' or the 'fleeting nature' of what you are describing.

Movaqqati (موقتی)
This is the most common alternative. It means 'temporary'. Use this for things like a temporary job, a temporary password, or a temporary residence. It doesn't necessarily imply the 'intermittent' or 'sectional' nature that maghta'i does.
Gozarā (گذرا)
Meaning 'fleeting' or 'passing'. This is more poetic and is often used for emotions or clouds. 'Gham-e gozara' (passing sadness) sounds much more natural than 'gham-e maghta'i'. It implies something that moves past you quickly.

این ابرها گذرا هستند و باران نخواهند داشت.
These clouds are fleeting/passing and won't bring rain.

For more technical or rhythmic irregularity, you might use nā-peyvaste (unconnected/discontinuous). This is common in mathematics or physics. If you want to say something happens 'every now and then' in a very casual way, you would use the phrase gāh-o-bigāh or har-az-gāhi.

Motevaghef (متوقف)
Meaning 'stopped' or 'halted'. If an intermittent process stops completely, it becomes motevaghef. While maghta'i describes the pattern of stopping and starting, motevaghef describes the state of being stopped.

جریان آب به صورت ناپیوسته است.
The water flow is discontinuous (na-peyvaste).

In a sociological context, you might hear mowji (wave-like). This is often used for trends that come in waves. While 'maghta'i' focuses on the break in continuity, 'mowji' focuses on the rise and fall of the intensity. Both can often be used to describe the same phenomenon from different angles.

رفتارهای موجی در بورس نگران‌کننده است.
Wave-like behaviors in the stock market are worrying.

Choosing the right word depends on your audience. In a university lecture or a news report, stick with مقطعی. In a poem or a heartfelt conversation about life's fleeting moments, reach for گذرا. This sensitivity to register is what will make your Persian sound truly authentic.

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Examples by Level

1

باران مقطعی است.

The rain is intermittent.

Simple Subject + Adjective + Verb (ast).

2

این یک مشکل مقطعی است.

This is a temporary/intermittent problem.

Use of 'in' (this) and 'yek' (one/a).

3

برق مقطعی قطع می‌شود.

The electricity is cut intermittently.

Adverbial use of the adjective.

4

او دردهای مقطعی دارد.

He has intermittent pains.

Plural noun 'dard-ha' followed by the adjective.

5

اینترنت ما مقطعی است.

Our internet is intermittent.

Possessive 'ma' (our).

6

کار او مقطعی است.

His work is temporary/intermittent.

Subject 'kar-e u' (his work).

7

آیا این صدا مقطعی است؟

Is this sound intermittent?

Question form with 'aya'.

8

هوا مقطعی آفتابی می‌شود.

The weather becomes sunny intermittently.

Verb 'shodan' (to become).

1

به دلیل طوفان، قطع مقطعی برق داریم.

Due to the storm, we have intermittent power cuts.

Prepositional phrase 'be dalil-e' (due to).

2

او به صورت مقطعی در این شرکت کار می‌کند.

He works in this company on an intermittent/temporary basis.

Phrase 'be surat-e' (in the form of).

3

این دارو برای تسکین مقطعی درد است.

This medicine is for intermittent pain relief.

Noun phrase 'taskin-e maghta'i' (intermittent relief).

4

ما شاهد کاهش مقطعی دما هستیم.

We are witnessing an intermittent decrease in temperature.

Present continuous 'hastim' with 'shahed' (witnessing).

5

او فقط مقطعی به ورزش می‌رود.

He only goes to exercise intermittently.

Adverbial placement before the verb.

6

این جاده به دلیل برف، مقطعی بسته است.

This road is intermittently closed due to snow.

Adjective describing the state of the road.

7

صدای رادیو مقطعی قطع و وصل می‌شود.

The radio sound cuts in and out intermittently.

Compound verb 'ghat o vasl shodan'.

8

آن‌ها به راه حل‌های مقطعی نیاز ندارند.

They do not need temporary/sectional solutions.

Negative verb 'niyaz nadārand'.

1

برنامه‌ریزی‌های مقطعی معمولاً شکست می‌خورند.

Intermittent/short-term planning usually fails.

Plural subject with 'ma'mulan' (usually).

2

بیمار از سرگیجه‌های مقطعی شکایت دارد.

The patient complains of intermittent dizziness.

Verb 'shekayat dashtan' (to have a complaint).

3

این یک نگاه مقطعی به تاریخ است.

This is a cross-sectional/sectional look at history.

Noun 'negah' (look/view) modified by 'maghta'i'.

4

تورم مقطعی باعث نگرانی مردم شده است.

Intermittent inflation has caused people concern.

Present perfect 'shodeh ast'.

5

او به دنبال یک شغل مقطعی برای تابستان است.

He is looking for a temporary/seasonal job for the summer.

Preposition 'baraye' (for).

6

موفقیت‌های مقطعی نباید ما را فریب دهد.

Intermittent successes should not deceive us.

Modal 'nabāyad' (should not).

7

این توافق فقط یک آرامش مقطعی ایجاد کرد.

This agreement only created a temporary/intermittent peace.

Simple past 'ijad kard'.

8

تحقیقات ما به صورت مقطعی انجام شد.

Our research was conducted on a cross-sectional basis.

Passive voice 'anjam shod'.

1

سیاست‌های مقطعی دولت نتوانسته بحران را حل کند.

The government's intermittent/short-term policies have not been able to solve the crisis.

Complex subject with 'ezafe' and negative potential verb.

2

ما به جای درمان‌های مقطعی، به اصلاحات ساختاری نیاز داریم.

Instead of intermittent treatments (quick fixes), we need structural reforms.

Contrastive structure 'be jaye... به... نیاز داریم'.

3

این مطالعه مقطعی نشان می‌دهد که نرخ بیکاری ثابت مانده است.

This cross-sectional study shows that the unemployment rate has remained constant.

Technical term 'motale'eh-ye maghta'i'.

4

نوسانات مقطعی بازار بورس برای سرمایه‌گذاران نگران‌کننده است.

Intermittent fluctuations in the stock market are worrying for investors.

Subject 'nosanat-e maghta'i-ye bāzār'.

5

او به دلیل رویکرد مقطعی‌اش به مسائل، همیشه با مشکل روبرو می‌شود.

Due to his sectional/short-term approach to issues, he always faces problems.

Possessive suffix '-ash' on 'maghta'i'.

6

برخی از این تغییرات اقلیمی فقط مقطعی هستند.

Some of these climate changes are only intermittent/temporary.

Indefinite pronoun 'barkhi' (some).

7

گزارش‌های مقطعی نمی‌توانند تصویر کاملی از وضعیت ارائه دهند.

Intermittent reports cannot provide a complete picture of the situation.

Negative potential verb 'nemītavānand'.

8

او در این پروژه به عنوان مشاور مقطعی فعالیت می‌کند.

He is active in this project as an intermittent consultant.

Prepositional phrase 'be onvān-e' (as/in the capacity of).

1

تحلیل‌های مقطعی از پدیده‌های اجتماعی ممکن است به نتایج گمراه‌کننده منجر شود.

Cross-sectional analyses of social phenomena may lead to misleading results.

Academic register with 'monjar shodan' (to lead to).

2

این اثر هنری تلاشی برای ثبت یک لحظه مقطعی از واقعیت است.

This artwork is an attempt to capture a sectional/fleeting moment of reality.

Complex noun phrase 'lahzeh-ye maghta'i'.

3

ساختار مقطعی این ساختمان در نقشه‌های مهندسی کاملاً مشخص است.

The cross-sectional structure of this building is clearly specified in the engineering plans.

Technical use of 'maghta'i' as 'cross-sectional'.

4

ما باید از تفکر مقطعی پرهیز کرده و به پیامدهای بلندمدت بیندیشیم.

We must avoid sectional (short-term) thinking and think about long-term consequences.

Subjunctive verb 'biandishim' (to think).

5

توزیع مقطعی ثروت در جامعه نشان‌دهنده شکاف طبقاتی عمیق است.

The sectional distribution of wealth in society indicates a deep class divide.

Abstract subject 'tozi-e maghta'i-ye servat'.

6

بیماری او به صورت حملات مقطعی بروز می‌کند.

His illness manifests in the form of intermittent attacks.

Verb 'boruz kardan' (to manifest/appear).

7

این مقاله به بررسی مقطعی ادبیات معاصر ایران می‌پردازد.

This article deals with a cross-sectional survey of contemporary Iranian literature.

Verb 'be... pardākhtan' (to deal with/address).

8

اختلالات مقطعی در سیستم عصبی می‌تواند علل مختلفی داشته باشد.

Intermittent disturbances in the nervous system can have various causes.

Medical terminology 'ekhtelālāt-e maghta'i'.

1

تقلیل‌گرایی در علوم انسانی غالباً به برداشت‌های مقطعی و سطحی می‌انجامد.

Reductionism in the humanities often results in sectional and superficial perceptions.

Highly formal/philosophical register.

2

تاریخ‌نگاری مدرن بر خلاف رویکردهای مقطعی گذشته، به دنبال تداوم است.

Modern historiography, unlike the sectional approaches of the past, seeks continuity.

Contrastive preposition 'bar khalāf-e' (unlike).

3

او با نگاهی مقطعی به مسائل فلسفی، از درک کلیت آن‌ها بازمانده است.

By taking a sectional view of philosophical issues, he has failed to understand their totality.

Verb 'bāz-māndan' (to fail/be unable).

4

این برش مقطعی از بدنه هواپیما، جزئیات پیچیده موتور را فاش می‌کند.

This cross-sectional cut of the aircraft fuselage reveals the complex details of the engine.

Literal use in high-level engineering.

5

بحران‌های مقطعی در نظام‌های سرمایه‌داری، بخشی تفکیک‌ناپذیر از چرخه اقتصادی هستند.

Intermittent crises in capitalist systems are an inseparable part of the economic cycle.

Sociopolitical terminology.

6

شاعر در این قطعه، تجربیات مقطعی خود را به مفاهیم ازلی پیوند می‌زند.

In this piece, the poet links his intermittent experiences to eternal concepts.

Literary analysis register.

7

عدم ثبات در قوانین، به رفتارهای مقطعی و فرصت‌طلبانه در بازار دامن می‌زند.

Instability in laws fuels intermittent and opportunistic behaviors in the market.

Idiomatic verb 'dāman zadan' (to fuel/fan the flames).

8

این یافته‌ها تنها یک تصویر مقطعی از وضعیت زبانی جامعه ارائه می‌دهند.

These findings only provide a cross-sectional snapshot of the linguistic state of society.

Linguistic research context.

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