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B1 verb 10 min read

پوشیده بودن

pooshideh boodan
Examples پوشیده بودن in 30 Seconds
Explanation پوشیده بودن in your Level:
At the A1 level, you only need to know 'پوشیده بودن' in its simplest form: describing clothes. Think of it as 'to be dressed'. If you see a picture of someone in a coat, you can say 'او پالتو پوشیده است' (He has a coat on/He is dressed in a coat). At this stage, don't worry about the metaphorical meanings. Just focus on the fact that 'پوشیده است' means the person is currently wearing the item. It is a state. You use it for basic items like shirts, pants, and hats. For example, 'او کلاه پوشیده است' means 'He is wearing a hat'. Remember that for A1, we use this verb to describe what people are wearing in photos or right now in front of us. It is one of the first ways you learn to describe people's appearance. You might also hear it for very simple nature scenes, like 'زمین سفید است چون از برف پوشیده است' (The ground is white because it is covered with snow). This level is all about concrete, physical things you can see with your eyes.
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At the A2 level, you start to use 'پوشیده بودن' to describe the environment more broadly. You will use it to talk about the weather and landscapes. For example, you can describe a table at a party: 'میز از غذاهای خوشمزه پوشیده بود' (The table was covered with delicious foods). You also begin to understand the difference between 'پوشیدن' (the act of putting on clothes) and 'پوشیده بودن' (the state of being dressed). A2 learners should be able to describe a scene using this verb. If you are describing your bedroom, you might say 'تخت از کتاب پوشیده است' (The bed is covered with books). You also learn the preposition 'از' (from/with) which always goes with this verb when you mention the material. 'پوشیده از...' is a key pattern for A2. You might also encounter the word 'پوشیده' as an adjective meaning 'modest' when talking about clothes, which is a very common cultural concept in Iran. You start to see that this word is not just about 'wearing' but about 'covering' in general.
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At the B1 intermediate level, you should be comfortable using 'پوشیده بودن' in both physical and social contexts. You understand that when someone is described as 'پوشیده', it often refers to their modesty or 'hijab'. You can participate in conversations about social norms and dress codes. For example, 'در ایران، خانم‌ها در مکان‌های عمومی پوشیده هستند' (In Iran, women are covered/modest in public places). You also start to use the verb in the negative to express that something is obvious: 'بر کسی پوشیده نیست که...' (It is not hidden from anyone that...). This is a very useful phrase for writing essays or giving opinions. At B1, you also learn different tenses. You can say 'پوشیده شده بود' (had become covered) or 'پوشیده خواهد بود' (will be covered). You are moving away from just describing what people wear to describing situations, secrets, and complex environmental states. You understand the nuance of the verb in news reports and can identify it in short stories.
At the B2 level, you use 'پوشیده بودن' with more precision and variety. You understand its metaphorical implications in literature and formal speech. You can distinguish between 'پوشیده بودن' and its more formal synonyms like 'مستور بودن' or 'ملبس بودن'. You use the verb to describe abstract concepts, such as 'پوشیده بودنِ حقیقت' (the hidden nature of truth). In discussions about history or politics, you might use it to describe how certain facts were 'covered' or 'veiled' from the public. Your vocabulary includes collocations like 'پوشیده از ابهام' (shrouded in ambiguity) or 'پوشیده از رمز و راز' (covered in mystery). You are also aware of the passive-stative grammar involved and can use it to create sophisticated descriptions in your writing. You can explain the cultural significance of 'پوشش' (covering) in Iranian society and how the verb 'پوشیده بودن' reflects these values. Your use of the 'بر کسی پوشیده نیست' idiom is natural and well-timed in your arguments.
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At the C1 advanced level, 'پوشیده بودن' becomes a tool for nuanced expression. You recognize its use in classical Persian poetry, where the 'veil' (پوشش) is a central theme representing the barrier between the human and the divine. You can analyze texts where the verb is used to create double meanings or irony. You are comfortable using the verb in highly academic or legal contexts, such as describing 'covered' liabilities or 'veiled' threats. You understand the etymological roots and how they relate to other words like 'پوشاک', 'پوشیه', and 'پوشه'. Your speech and writing use the verb to provide depth; instead of saying something is 'hidden', you might say it is 'پوشیده در هاله‌ای از ابهام' (veiled in a halo of ambiguity). You can discuss the evolution of the word's meaning from Middle Persian to the modern day. You also understand the subtle difference in register when using 'پوشیده' versus 'مخفی' or 'نهان' and can choose the one that perfectly fits the tone of your discourse.
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At the C2 level of mastery, you have a native-like grasp of 'پوشیده بودن'. You can use it in complex rhetorical structures and understand its most subtle connotations in any context. You are familiar with rare idiomatic expressions and can appreciate the play on words in high literature. For you, 'پوشیده بودن' is not just a verb but a concept that permeates Persian thought—the idea of 'Zaher' (the manifest) and 'Baten' (the hidden/covered). You can use the verb to discuss philosophy, theology, and advanced literary criticism. You might use it to describe the 'covered' (veiled) language of a diplomat or the 'blanketed' silence of a winter night in a way that evokes deep emotion. You can effortlessly switch between the most colloquial uses and the most archaic, poetic forms. You understand the sociological implications of the word in contemporary Iranian discourse and can navigate these complexities with linguistic precision. The verb is a natural part of your expressive toolkit, used with perfect grammatical and cultural accuracy.
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Examples

پوشیده بودن in 30 Seconds

  • Refers to the state of being covered or dressed.
  • Used for nature (snow, clouds) and people (modesty).
  • Commonly used in the phrase 'It is not hidden from anyone'.
  • A stative verb, meaning it describes a result, not an action.

The Persian verb پوشیده بودن (pooshideh budan) is a fundamental compound verb that describes a state of being covered, dressed, or concealed. Unlike the active verb پوشیدن (to wear/to put on), which focuses on the action of dressing, پوشیده بودن describes the resulting condition. This distinction is crucial for English speakers who might use 'to be wearing' and 'to be covered' interchangeably in some contexts, whereas Persian makes a clear grammatical distinction between the process and the state. In everyday Persian, this verb serves two primary functions: describing physical objects covered by natural elements and describing the manner in which a person is dressed, often with an implication of modesty or formal attire.

Literal Coverage
When we talk about the environment, this verb is the standard way to say something is blanketed. For instance, a mountain covered in snow or a table covered with a cloth uses this construction. It implies a total or significant covering of the surface area.

تمام قله‌های البرز در این فصل از برف پوشیده هستند.

Social and Religious Context
In social contexts, especially within Iranian culture, 'پوشیده بودن' often refers to 'Hijab' or modest dressing. If someone says a woman is 'پوشیده', they mean she is dressed according to Islamic or traditional standards of modesty. It is a neutral to positive term in these contexts, implying respectability and adherence to social norms.

او همیشه در مهمانی‌ها بسیار پوشیده ظاهر می‌شود.

Beyond physical objects and clothing, the verb extends into the realm of the abstract. It can describe secrets or hidden truths. When a matter is 'پوشیده', it is veiled from public view or understanding. This metaphorical use is very common in Persian poetry and classical literature, where the 'veiled' nature of reality or divine secrets is a recurring theme. Understanding this verb requires recognizing that it bridges the gap between the mundane act of dressing and the profound concept of concealment. Whether you are describing a foggy morning where the city is 'covered' in mist or a person whose intentions are 'hidden' from you, this verb provides the necessary linguistic framework. It is versatile, essential, and carries significant cultural weight in the Persian-speaking world.

Grammatical Nuance
Note that because it is a state, we often use the preposition 'از' (from/by) to indicate what is doing the covering. For example, 'پوشیده از گل' (covered with flowers). In English, we use 'with' or 'in', but in Persian, 'از' is the standard particle for this relationship.

حقیقت ماجرا بر همه پوشیده بود.

Using پوشیده بودن correctly involves understanding its role as a stative verb. It doesn't move; it describes. To use it effectively, you must identify the subject (what is covered) and the covering material. The structure typically follows: [Subject] + [Preposition 'از'] + [Material] + [پوشیده بودن]. This formula allows you to construct a wide variety of descriptive sentences ranging from nature descriptions to social observations.

Describing Nature and Environment
When describing scenery, this verb is your best friend. It provides a sense of completeness. For example, if you want to say the garden is covered in leaves, you would say: 'باغ از برگ‌های پاییزی پوشیده بود'. This sentence sounds much more poetic and natural than simply saying there were many leaves in the garden.

آسمان از ابرهای تیره پوشیده شده است.

Describing People and Modesty
When applying this verb to people, it often functions without the 'از' preposition if the context is about general attire. For instance, 'او همیشه پوشیده لباس می‌پوشد' (She always wears modest clothes). Here, 'پوشیده' acts as an adverbial adjective describing the style of dress. If you say 'او پوشیده است', it specifically means she is dressed modestly or her body is covered.

در مراسم‌های رسمی، همه باید پوشیده باشند.

Another important aspect is the tense. In the past tense, 'پوشیده بود' describes a past state. In the present perfect, 'پوشیده شده است', it describes a state that began in the past and continues now (often implying an action caused it, like snow falling). The verb is also used in the negative to indicate exposure. If a surface is 'پوشیده نیست', it is bare or exposed. This is frequently used in technical or medical contexts, such as describing a wound or a surface that lacks a protective layer. Mastery of this verb allows for nuanced descriptions that go beyond simple adjectives like 'پر' (full) or 'بسته' (closed).

Abstract and Figurative Usage
In literary Persian, you will find sentences like 'رخسارش از شرم پوشیده گشت' (Her face was covered/veiled with shame). This uses the verb to describe emotional states or metaphorical veils. It elevates the language from basic communication to expressive art.

بر هیچ‌کس پوشیده نیست که او چقدر تلاش کرده است.

You will encounter پوشیده بودن in a surprising variety of environments, from the nightly news to the pages of classical poetry. Its frequency in the Persian language is high because it touches upon fundamental aspects of Iranian life: the weather, social etiquette, and the philosophical concept of the 'hidden' versus the 'manifest'.

The Weather Forecast
On Iranian television, the weather reporter will frequently use this verb. They might say, 'آسمان تهران امروز از غبار پوشیده است' (Tehran's sky is covered in dust today) or 'جاده‌های کوهستانی از برف پوشیده شده‌اند' (Mountain roads have become covered in snow). In this context, it is a formal, descriptive tool used to inform the public about environmental conditions.

گزارش‌ها حاکی از آن است که تمام منطقه از مه پوشیده شده بود.

Social Gatherings and Etiquette
In social settings, you might hear this word when people are discussing dress codes for weddings, funerals, or religious sites. A host might advise a foreign guest, 'بهتر است در این مراسم کمی پوشیده‌تر باشید' (It is better to be a bit more covered/modestly dressed in this ceremony). This is a polite way to guide someone toward culturally appropriate attire without being confrontational.

او همیشه با متانت و به صورت پوشیده در مجامع عمومی حاضر می‌شود.

Furthermore, in academic and journalistic Persian, the phrase 'بر کسی پوشیده نیست' (it is not hidden from anyone) is a ubiquitous cliché. It is used to introduce a fact that the writer considers obvious or universally accepted. You will see this in newspaper editorials, political speeches, and academic papers. It serves as a rhetorical device to build consensus with the audience. In more traditional or religious circles, the word takes on a sacred tone, referring to the 'Masturat' (the covered ones), a term used historically for women of the household or for mystical secrets that only the initiated can understand. Hearing this word, therefore, requires the listener to tune into the specific register of the conversation to grasp its full intent.

Literature and Poetry
When reading Saadi or Hafez, you'll find the root 'پوش' everywhere. It describes the 'veils' of the ego or the 'covering' of the beloved's face. In these contexts, 'پوشیده بودن' represents the mystery of the divine and the hidden beauty of the soul.

اهمیت این موضوع بر هیچ دانشمندی پوشیده نیست.

For English speakers, the verb پوشیده بودن presents several pitfalls. The most common error is confusing it with the active verb پوشیدن (to wear). In English, 'to be wearing' can describe a continuous action or a state, but in Persian, these are strictly separated. If you say 'من دارم می‌پوشم' (I am wearing), it literally means you are in the middle of putting the clothes on your body right now. To say you are currently dressed in something, you must use the state-based construction.

Mistaking State for Action
Wrong: 'کوه دارد از برف می‌پوشد' (The mountain is wearing snow - implies the mountain is actively putting it on). Correct: 'کوه از برف پوشیده شده است' (The mountain is covered with snow). Always remember that 'پوشیده بودن' is the state after the action has occurred.

اشتباه: او لباس می‌بوشد (در حالی که منظور وضعیت اوست). درست: او لباس پوشیده است.

Preposition Errors
English speakers often want to use 'با' (with) because of the English 'covered with'. While 'با' is sometimes understood, the correct and more natural preposition is 'از' (from/by). For example, 'پوشیده از خاک' (covered in/by dust) is the standard Persian idiom.

اشتباه: میز با پارچه پوشیده بود. درست: میز از پارچه پوشیده بود.

Another mistake occurs in the word order when using it as an adjective. If you want to say 'a covered woman', it is 'زنِ پوشیده' (Zan-e pooshideh). However, learners often forget the Ezafe (the small 'e' sound connecting the noun and adjective). Without the Ezafe, the meaning can become fragmented. Additionally, some learners use 'پوشیده بودن' for things that are 'closed' like a door or a box. For those, use 'بسته بودن'. 'پوشیده بودن' specifically implies a surface being layered with something else. Finally, avoid overusing the formal 'مستور بودن' in casual speech. It will make you sound like a 13th-century poet, which might be charming but is usually out of place at a dinner party.

Overextending the Meaning
Do not use 'پوشیده' to mean 'cloudy' in a general sense. While you can say 'the sky is covered with clouds', the simple word for 'cloudy' is 'ابری' (Abri). Use 'پوشیده' when you want to emphasize the blanket-like coverage of the clouds.

اشتباه: درِ اتاق پوشیده است. درست: درِ اتاق بسته است.

Persian is rich with synonyms that vary based on formality, poetic intent, and the specific nature of the 'covering'. While پوشیده بودن is the most versatile, knowing its alternatives will help you reach a B2 or C1 level of proficiency.

مستور بودن (Mastur budan)
This is a highly formal and literary Arabic-root synonym. It is often used in religious texts or classical poetry to describe women or divine secrets. It carries a connotation of sacredness and intentional veiling. You won't hear this in a supermarket, but you will find it in the works of Rumi.

اسرار الهی از چشم نااهلان مستور است.

ملبس بودن (Molabbas budan)
This specifically refers to being 'clothed' or 'dressed' in a formal or official capacity. For example, 'او ملبس به لباس روحانیت است' (He is dressed in clerical attire). It is much more specific to clothing than 'پوشیده بودن' and is used in formal reports or descriptions of uniforms.

سربازان به لباس رزم ملبس بودند.

Other alternatives include پنهان بودن (to be hidden), which is used when the covering is meant to obscure something from sight completely. محجوب بودن (to be modest/veiled) is more about the character and personality of a person who dresses and acts modestly. If you are talking about a physical object like a car covered by a tarp, you might use چادر کشیده شده (a tent/tarp has been pulled over it). For weather, پوشانده شدن (to be covered/blanketed) is a passive action verb that is very close to 'پوشیده بودن' but emphasizes the process of the covering happening. Knowing these nuances allows you to choose the exact 'flavor' of covering you wish to describe, whether it's the physical blanket of winter or the metaphorical veil of a secret.

مخفی بودن (Makhfi budan)
This means 'to be secret' or 'hidden'. While 'پوشیده' can be secret, 'مخفی' is the standard word for something that is intentionally kept out of the public eye, like a hidden camera or a secret location.

دوربین‌ها در پشت قاب عکس مخفی بودند.

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Examples by Level

1

او امروز یک پیراهن آبی پوشیده است.

He is wearing a blue shirt today.

Present perfect used for current state of dressing.

2

من کلاه پوشیده‌ام چون هوا سرد است.

I am wearing a hat because the weather is cold.

First person singular of the state verb.

3

آن‌ها کفش‌های سیاه پوشیده‌اند.

They are wearing black shoes.

Third person plural.

4

بچه کوچک یک ژاکت گرم پوشیده بود.

The little child was wearing a warm jacket.

Past tense of the state verb.

5

آیا شما لباس رسمی پوشیده‌اید؟

Are you wearing formal clothes?

Question form for formal 'you'.

6

مادرم همیشه روسری پوشیده است.

My mother is always wearing a scarf.

Describing a habitual state.

7

در عکس، او لباس ورزشی پوشیده است.

In the photo, he is wearing sportswear.

Describing a state in a photograph.

8

چرا امروز پالتو نپوشیده‌ای؟

Why aren't you wearing an overcoat today?

Negative form of the state verb.

1

حیاط خانه از برف سفید پوشیده شده است.

The house courtyard is covered with white snow.

Using 'از' for the covering material.

2

کوهستان‌ها در زمستان همیشه پوشیده از برف هستند.

Mountains are always covered with snow in winter.

General descriptive statement.

3

میز ناهارخوری از یک پارچه گل‌دار پوشیده بود.

The dining table was covered with a floral cloth.

Past state description.

4

آسمان کاملاً از ابر پوشیده شده است.

The sky is completely covered with clouds.

Passive-stative construction.

5

زمین جنگل از برگ‌های زرد پوشیده بود.

The forest floor was covered with yellow leaves.

Describing a landscape.

6

صورت او از گرد و غبار پوشیده شده بود.

His face was covered with dust.

Describing a person's physical state.

7

دیوارهای اتاق از کاغذ دیواری پوشیده شده است.

The walls of the room are covered with wallpaper.

Describing interior design.

8

او همیشه بسیار پوشیده و ساده لباس می‌پوشد.

She always dresses very modestly and simply.

Using 'پوشیده' as an adverbial adjective.

1

بر هیچ‌کس پوشیده نیست که ورزش برای سلامتی مفید است.

It is not hidden from anyone that exercise is good for health.

Common idiomatic phrase 'بر کسی پوشیده نیست'.

2

در این مراسم مذهبی، همه خانم‌ها باید کاملاً پوشیده باشند.

In this religious ceremony, all women must be completely covered.

Expressing social requirements.

3

اطلاعات دقیق درباره این پروژه هنوز پوشیده مانده است.

Detailed information about this project has remained hidden.

Using 'پوشیده ماندن' (to remain covered/hidden).

4

تمام جاده‌ها به دلیل طوفان از شن پوشیده شده بودند.

All roads were covered with sand due to the storm.

Describing the result of an event.

5

او با یک لبخند، غم خود را پوشیده نگه می‌داشت.

He kept his sadness hidden with a smile.

Metaphorical use for emotions.

6

آیا این راز برای همیشه پوشیده خواهد ماند؟

Will this secret remain hidden forever?

Future tense with abstract meaning.

7

ساختمان‌های قدیمی شهر از گیاهان سبز پوشیده شده‌اند.

The city's old buildings are covered with green plants.

Describing urban nature.

8

او ترجیح می‌دهد در محیط کار پوشیده ظاهر شود.

He/she prefers to appear modestly dressed in the workplace.

Contextual meaning of 'modest/professional'.

1

علت واقعی استعفای او همچنان بر همگان پوشیده است.

The real reason for his resignation remains hidden from everyone.

Formal use for abstract facts.

2

دشت وسیع از گل‌های وحشی پوشیده شده بود که منظره‌ای بی‌نظیر داشت.

The vast plain was covered with wildflowers, which was a unique sight.

Complex descriptive sentence.

3

نویسنده با زبانی پوشیده و کنایه‌آمیز به نقد دولت پرداخت.

The author criticized the government using veiled and ironic language.

Describing a style of communication.

4

بسیاری از آثار باستانی هنوز در زیر خاک پوشیده مانده‌اند.

Many ancient artifacts still remain covered under the soil.

Passive state in a professional context.

5

نیت واقعی او در پشت این کلمات زیبا پوشیده بود.

His true intention was hidden behind these beautiful words.

Abstract metaphorical usage.

6

پیکر کوهستان از مه غلیظی پوشیده شده بود که دید را دشوار می‌کرد.

The body of the mountain was covered in a thick fog that made visibility difficult.

Using personification ('body of the mountain').

7

در فرهنگ‌های سنتی، پوشیده بودن نشانه‌ای از وقار و احترام است.

In traditional cultures, being modestly dressed is a sign of dignity and respect.

Discussing cultural concepts.

8

حقایق تاریخی گاهی به عمد پوشیده نگه داشته می‌شوند.

Historical facts are sometimes intentionally kept hidden.

Passive voice with intentionality.

1

معنای عمیق این شعر بر خواننده عادی پوشیده می‌ماند.

The deep meaning of this poem remains hidden from the average reader.

Discussing literary interpretation.

2

او در هاله‌ای از ابهام پوشیده شده بود و هیچ‌کس از گذشته‌اش خبر نداشت.

He was shrouded in a halo of ambiguity, and no one knew about his past.

Idiomatic expression 'هاله‌ای از ابهام'.

3

در متون عرفانی، حقیقت همواره در حجاب‌های گوناگون پوشیده است.

In mystical texts, truth is always covered in various veils.

Sufi/Mystical terminology.

4

این منطقه بکر، از جنگل‌های انبوه و دست‌نخورده پوشیده شده است.

This pristine area is covered with dense and untouched forests.

Using sophisticated adjectives like 'بکر' and 'انبوه'.

5

اهمیت استراتژیک این تنگه بر هیچ تحلیل‌گر سیاسی پوشیده نیست.

The strategic importance of this strait is not hidden from any political analyst.

High-level political register.

6

رخسار ماه امشب در پسِ پاره‌ابرهای سیاه پوشیده گشته است.

The face of the moon is covered behind patches of black clouds tonight.

Literary/Poetic word choice ('رخسار', 'گشته است').

7

او با مهارت تمام، اهداف سیاسی خود را در پوششی از کارهای عام‌المنفعه پوشیده بود.

With great skill, he had covered his political goals in a cloak of philanthropic activities.

Complex metaphorical structure.

8

بسیاری از ابعاد این پرونده قضایی همچنان در پرده‌ای از ابهام پوشیده مانده است.

Many dimensions of this judicial case still remain covered in a curtain of ambiguity.

Legal/Journalistic register.

1

در نظام‌های توتالیتر، لایه‌های زیرین قدرت همواره از انظار عمومی پوشیده نگاه داشته می‌شوند.

In totalitarian regimes, the underlying layers of power are always kept hidden from public view.

Advanced political science terminology.

2

حقیقت غایی در فلسفه افلاطون، در پسِ سایه‌های جهان مادی پوشیده است.

The ultimate truth in Plato's philosophy is hidden behind the shadows of the material world.

Philosophical discourse.

3

شاعر با استفاده از استعاره‌های غریب، مقصود خود را چنان پوشیده که گویی رازی مگوست.

By using strange metaphors, the poet has so hidden his intent as if it were an unspeakable secret.

Critiquing poetic technique.

4

تمام پهنه گیتی از آثار صنع الهی پوشیده است، اگر چشمی برای دیدن باشد.

The entire expanse of the universe is covered with the works of divine creation, if there be an eye to see.

Theological/Archaic register.

5

او به مثابه عارفی است که تمام وجودش در جلبابِ فقرِ معنوی پوشیده گشته است.

He is like a mystic whose entire being has been covered in the cloak of spiritual poverty.

High Sufi literary style.

6

ابعاد تراژیک این واقعه در پسِ آمارهای خشک و بی‌روح پوشیده مانده است.

The tragic dimensions of this event remain hidden behind dry and soulless statistics.

Abstract social commentary.

7

در این نقاشی، هنرمند سعی کرده تا اضطراب درونی خود را در پوششی از رنگ‌های شاد بپوشاند.

In this painting, the artist has tried to cover his inner anxiety in a cloak of cheerful colors.

Artistic analysis.

8

بر هیچ خردمندی پوشیده نیست که جهل، ریشه تمام تیره بختي‌های بشر است.

It is not hidden from any wise person that ignorance is the root of all human misfortunes.

Formal philosophical assertion.

Common Collocations

پوشیده از برف
پوشیده از ابر
بر کسی پوشیده نیست
پوشیده لباس پوشیدن
پوشیده از گل
کاملاً پوشیده
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