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پرهیز غذایی

B1 noun #6,500 most common 10 min read

پرهیز غذایی

parhiz-e ghazayi Top 6,500

Practice it Examples Notes & Tips پرهیز غذایی in 30 Seconds

Explanation پرهیز غذایی in your Level:

At the A1 level, you don't need to use the full phrase 'parhiz-e ghazayi' yet, but it is good to recognize it. Think of it as 'no-no foods'. In Iran, people love to feed guests. If you cannot eat something, you can just say 'Man [food] nemikhoram' (I don't eat [food]). However, if you hear a doctor or a teacher say 'parhiz', they mean 'don't eat this'. At this stage, just remember that 'parhiz' means 'staying away' from something. It is like a red light for certain foods. You might see it on a sign in a hospital or on a food package. Learning this word helps you stay safe if you have an allergy. It is a very useful word for beginners to know even if they only use it in simple ways. For example, if you are at a friend's house and they offer you spicy food, and you can't eat it, you can say 'Man parhiz daram' (I have a restriction). This is a polite way to say 'no'. Iranian people are very kind and will understand immediately that you have a health reason for not eating. They will not be sad that you didn't eat their food. This makes 'parhiz' a magic word for polite refusals.

At the A2 level, you can start using the compound noun 'parhiz-e ghazayi' in simple sentences. You should know that it is made of two parts: 'parhiz' (avoidance) and 'ghazayi' (related to food). You can use it with the verb 'dashtan' (to have). For example: 'Man parhiz-e ghazayi daram' (I have a dietary restriction). This is more formal than the A1 version. You will hear this word when you talk to a doctor or if you go to a pharmacy. It is important to know that in Iran, health is a common topic of conversation. People often talk about what they can and cannot eat. If you use this word, you sound more like a native speaker who understands Iranian culture. You can also use it to ask questions. For example: 'Aya shoma parhiz-e ghazayi darid?' (Do you have a dietary restriction?). This is a very polite question to ask if you are cooking for someone. It shows you care about their health. Remember to use the 'e' sound between the two words. It is pronounced like 'parhiz-e'. This 'e' is called 'ezafe' and it connects the two words together. Without it, the phrase sounds broken. Practice saying it slowly: par-hiz-e gha-za-yi.

As a B1 learner, you should be able to use 'parhiz-e ghazayi' in various contexts and understand its nuances. You are now moving beyond just 'having' a restriction to 'observing' one. The verb 're'ayat kardan' (to observe/follow) is perfect for this level. For example: 'Man bayad parhiz-e ghazayi-yam ra re'ayat konam' (I must observe my dietary restriction). At this level, you can also start specifying what the restriction is for. Is it for 'diabet' (diabetes)? Is it for 'feshar-e khun' (blood pressure)? You can also distinguish between 'parhiz' and 'rejim'. Remember, 'rejim' is usually for losing weight, while 'parhiz' is for health or avoiding allergies. If you are at a restaurant, you can use this term to explain your needs to the waiter. 'Man parhiz-e ghazayi-ye sakhti daram; aya in ghaza shir darad?' (I have a strict dietary restriction; does this food have milk?). This shows a higher level of Persian because you are using a specific, formal term. You will also see this word in newspapers or on health websites. It is a key term for understanding medical advice in Persian. You should also be comfortable with the verb 'parhiz kardan' which takes the preposition 'az'. This allows you to say exactly what you are avoiding: 'Man az khordan-e namak parhiz mikonam' (I avoid eating salt).

At the B2 level, you should understand the cultural and traditional medical roots of 'parhiz-e ghazayi'. In Iran, 'Teb-e Sonnati' (Traditional Medicine) is very popular, and 'parhiz' is a cornerstone of this system. It involves avoiding foods based on their 'nature' (hot or cold). A B2 student should be able to discuss these concepts using the term. For example, you might explain that someone is 'parhiz' from 'cold' foods like yogurt because they have a 'cold' temperament. You should also be able to use the term in more complex grammatical structures, such as passive sentences or as part of a longer clause. 'Tosiye-ye pezeshk baraye parhiz-e ghazayi jeddi gerefte shod' (The doctor's recommendation for dietary restriction was taken seriously). You can also use related academic terms like 'mahdoodiyat-e ghazayi' (dietary limitation) and know when to choose one over the other. 'Parhiz' is slightly more traditional and personal, while 'mahdoodiyat' is more clinical and administrative. At this level, you should also be aware of the idioms and proverbs related to 'parhiz', such as 'parhiz kardan behtar az darmam ast' (prevention/avoidance is better than cure). This shows you have a deep understanding of how the word fits into the Persian worldview and linguistic heritage.

For C1 learners, 'parhiz-e ghazayi' should be a tool for nuanced professional and academic discussion. You should be able to analyze the impact of dietary restrictions on public health or social dynamics in Iran. For instance, you could write an essay on how modern lifestyles have changed the nature of 'parhiz' in Iranian society, moving from traditional humors to modern concerns like gluten intolerance or veganism. You should be able to use the term in formal debates or presentations. 'Ejray-e parhiz-hay-e ghazayi-ye daghigh dar bimarestan-ha elzami ast' (The implementation of precise dietary restrictions in hospitals is mandatory). You should also understand the historical etymology of 'parhiz' from Middle Persian and how its meaning has evolved from a general 'care/protection' to a specific medical and dietary term. Furthermore, you should be able to use the word in literary or high-journalistic contexts where 'parhiz' might be used metaphorically. For example, 'parhiz-e siyasi' (political abstinence) or 'parhiz-e akhlaghi' (moral avoidance). While 'parhiz-e ghazayi' is the literal food-related term, understanding the weight of the word 'parhiz' in Persian literature (where it often means piety or self-restraint) will enrich your understanding of why this term is used for health—it implies a disciplined and virtuous approach to one's body.

At the C2 level, you have complete mastery over 'parhiz-e ghazayi' and its entire semantic field. You can use it with absolute precision in any register, from the most informal street slang to the most dense medical or philosophical text. You understand the subtle connotations that the word carries in different regions of the Persian-speaking world (Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan). You can discuss the intersection of 'parhiz' with religious jurisprudence (Fiqh), such as how dietary restrictions are handled during travel or illness according to Islamic law. You are capable of translating complex medical documents that involve intricate 'parhiz' protocols without losing any of the technical or cultural nuances. You can also appreciate and use the term in creative writing or poetry, perhaps using the concept of 'parhiz' as a metaphor for longing or spiritual discipline. Your use of collocations like 'parhiz-e kamel' (complete abstinence) or 'parhiz-e nesbi' (relative restriction) is flawless. You can also explain to others the difference between 'parhiz' as a medical necessity and 'emsak' as a voluntary spiritual fast. At this level, 'parhiz-e ghazayi' is not just a vocabulary item; it is a window into the Iranian psyche's relationship with the body, health, and self-control, and you can articulate this relationship with the sophistication of a native scholar.

Practice it Examples Notes & Tips

پرهیز غذایی in 30 Seconds

A formal term for dietary restriction or avoidance in Persian.
Commonly used in medical contexts to describe foods a patient must avoid.
Different from 'rejim' (diet), which is often associated with weight loss.
Essential for polite social interactions and discussing health needs in Iran.

The Persian term پرهیز غذایی (parhiz-e ghazayi) is a sophisticated compound noun that translates literally to "food avoidance" or "dietary abstinence." In a broader linguistic context, it refers to the practice of intentionally excluding specific foods or ingredients from one's diet, typically for health-related, medical, or religious reasons. Unlike the word 'rejim' (diet), which often carries the connotation of weight loss in modern Persian, پرهیز غذایی is strictly about the act of avoidance for the sake of well-being or compliance with a therapeutic protocol. It is a term you will encounter frequently in medical settings, during consultations with nutritionists, or even in casual conversation when someone explains why they aren't eating a particular dish at a dinner party.

Medical Context: Doctors use this term to prescribe specific restrictions for patients with conditions like diabetes, hypertension, or food allergies. It implies a mandatory exclusion rather than a lifestyle choice.

Traditional Medicine (Teb-e Sonnati): In Iranian traditional medicine, the concept of 'Parhiz' is central. It involves avoiding foods that disrupt the balance of the four humors (Akhlat), such as avoiding 'cold' foods if one has a 'cold' temperament.

پزشک به او توصیه کرد که برای کنترل فشار خون، پرهیز غذایی سختی را دنبال کند.
The doctor advised him to follow a strict dietary restriction to control his blood pressure.

The word 'Parhiz' itself comes from a root meaning to keep away or to guard against. Historically, this wasn't just about food; it could refer to avoiding bad deeds or negative influences. However, when paired with 'Ghazayi' (pertaining to food), it becomes a technical term in the culinary and medical landscape. You might hear a waiter ask if you have any پرهیز غذایی before serving a complex dish, or a host might apologize for a dish containing nuts by asking if anyone has a specific restriction. It's a formal and polite way to discuss limitations.

آیا شما پرهیز غذایی خاصی دارید که باید در تهیه شام لحاظ کنیم؟
Do you have any specific dietary restrictions that we should consider in preparing dinner?

Understanding this term is crucial for anyone navigating social life in Iran, especially since Iranian hospitality often involves being offered large amounts of food. Knowing how to communicate your 'Parhiz' effectively allows you to decline food politely without offending the host. It signals that your refusal is based on health or principles, which is highly respected in Iranian culture. Furthermore, in the age of global awareness regarding veganism and gluten-free diets, this term is becoming the standard umbrella phrase for all such lifestyle-based exclusions.

بسیاری از ورزشکاران برای بهبود عملکرد خود، پرهیز غذایی شدیدی دارند.
Many athletes have strict dietary restrictions to improve their performance.

Religious Application: While 'Halal' is the standard for what is permissible, 'Parhiz' can be used to describe the avoidance of 'Haram' substances, though it is more common in a medical context.

بدون پرهیز غذایی مناسب، داروهای شما تأثیر چندانی نخواهند داشت.
Without proper dietary restriction, your medications won't have much effect.

Using پرهیز غذایی correctly requires an understanding of its grammatical role as a compound noun and its typical collocations. It usually functions as the direct object of verbs like 'dashtan' (to have), 're'ayat kardan' (to observe), or 'tosiye kardan' (to recommend). Because it is a formal term, it is most often found in written health reports, formal advice, or polite social inquiries. When you want to specify *what* you are avoiding, you usually use the preposition 'az' (from) after the word 'parhiz' if you are using the verbal form, but with the noun phrase, you might follow it with a descriptive clause.

Pattern 1: To have a restriction: [Subject] + [Adjective] + پرهیز غذایی + دارد.
Example: او پرهیز غذایی شدیدی دارد. (He has a strict dietary restriction.)

مادربزرگم به دلیل دیابت، پرهیز غذایی خاصی را دنبال می‌کند.
My grandmother follows a specific dietary restriction because of diabetes.

In a professional medical environment, a doctor might write "بیمار باید پرهیز غذایی داشته باشد" (The patient must have dietary restriction). Note how the 'ezafe' (the short 'e' sound) connects 'parhiz' and 'ghazayi'. This is a fixed phrase. If you break it, you lose the specific meaning of "dietary restriction." For instance, just saying 'parhiz' could mean abstinence from anything—alcohol, bad habits, or even certain people! The addition of 'ghazayi' anchors it specifically to the kitchen and the dining table.

Pattern 2: To recommend a restriction: پزشک + به + [Person] + پرهیز غذایی + توصیه کرد.
Example: پزشک به من پرهیز غذایی از مواد قندی توصیه کرد. (The doctor recommended a dietary restriction of sugary substances to me.)

رعایت پرهیز غذایی در دوران بیماری بسیار مهم است.
Observing dietary restriction during illness is very important.

Another common usage is in the context of allergies. Instead of saying "I am allergic to nuts," which is "Man be ajil hasasiyat daram," you might say "Man parhiz-e ghazayi-ye sakhti daram" (I have a strict dietary restriction) to encompass multiple allergies or a general medical need to avoid certain food groups. This sounds more formal and serious. In academic or journalistic writing, you will see it used to discuss public health trends, such as the increase in people following 'parhiz-e ghazayi' due to lifestyle diseases.

آیا این رستوران منویی برای کسانی که پرهیز غذایی دارند، ارائه می‌دهد؟
Does this restaurant offer a menu for those who have dietary restrictions?

Common Adjectives used with the term: Sakht (Strict), Khas (Specific), Kutah-modat (Short-term), Da'emi (Permanent).

او به دلیل آلرژی، مجبور به پرهیز غذایی دائمی از لبنیات است.
Due to allergies, he is forced into permanent dietary restriction from dairy.

You will encounter پرهیز غذایی in several distinct environments. The most common is the clinical setting. If you visit a 'Motekhases-e Taghziye' (Nutritionist) or a general practitioner in Tehran, they won't just tell you what to eat; they will provide a list of what *not* to eat, labeled as your 'parhiz'. This is often printed at the bottom of a prescription or on a separate guidance sheet. In pharmacies, pharmacists might mention it when giving you medicine that interacts with certain foods, saying "Ba in daru bayad parhiz-e ghazayi-ye khasi dashte bashid" (With this medicine, you must have a specific dietary restriction).

In the Media: Health programs on IRIB (Iranian state TV) or health segments in newspapers like 'Hamshahri' frequently use this term. They might discuss 'parhiz-e ghazayi' for the elderly or for children with specific conditions.

در اخبار سلامت شنیدم که پرهیز غذایی می‌تواند عمر را طولانی کند.
I heard in the health news that dietary restriction can lengthen life.

Another place is the modern Iranian restaurant scene. While traditional 'Chelow Kabab' places might not use the term, upscale cafes and international restaurants in North Tehran often have staff trained to ask about 'parhiz-e ghazayi'. This reflects a globalizing food culture where gluten-free, keto, and vegan diets are becoming more prevalent. When booking a flight with 'Iran Air' or 'Mahan Air', the online form for special meals often uses this terminology to categorize requests for low-salt, diabetic, or vegetarian meals.

مهماندار هواپیما پرسید: آیا کسی پرهیز غذایی پزشکی دارد؟
The flight attendant asked: Does anyone have a medical dietary restriction?

In religious contexts, particularly during the month of Ramadan, the term takes on a slightly different flavor. While 'Roozeh' is the act of fasting, the medical advice given to those who *cannot* fast often involves a 'parhiz-e ghazayi' to manage their condition while others are fasting. Furthermore, in the context of 'Teb-e Eslami' or 'Teb-e Sonnati' (Islamic or Traditional Medicine), which is very popular in certain segments of society, 'parhiz' is considered the first step of healing—often more important than the medicine itself. You will hear practitioners say "Al-parhiz-o ra's-ol-dava" (Abstinence is the head of all cures), an Arabic proverb widely used in Persian.

استاد طب سنتی معتقد است که بدون پرهیز غذایی، هیچ درمانی کامل نیست.
The traditional medicine master believes that without dietary restriction, no treatment is complete.

In Schools: Parents often write notes to teachers regarding their child's 'parhiz-e ghazayi' to ensure the school cafeteria or other students don't share forbidden foods with them.

مادر در نامه به مدرسه، پرهیز غذایی فرزندش را توضیح داد.
The mother explained her child's dietary restriction in a letter to the school.

One of the most frequent errors learners make is confusing پرهیز غذایی (parhiz-e ghazayi) with رژیم غذایی (rejim-e ghazayi). While they are related, they are not interchangeable. A 'rejim' is a systematic plan for eating, often for weight loss or muscle gain. A 'parhiz' is specifically about what you *cannot* or *should not* eat. If you tell a doctor you are on a 'rejim', they might ask if you are trying to lose weight. If you tell them you have a 'parhiz', they will understand it as a medical necessity. Using 'rejim' when you mean 'parhiz' can lead to misunderstandings in a medical context.

Mistake: Using 'Rejim' for Allergies: Incorrect: من رژیم بادام دارم (I have a diet of almonds - sounds like you only eat almonds).
Correct: من از خوردن بادام پرهیز می‌کنم (I avoid eating almonds).

اشتباه: من رژیم غذایی نمک دارم.
درست: من پرهیز غذایی نمک دارم.
Mistake: I have a salt diet. Correct: I have a salt dietary restriction.

Another mistake involves the preposition. As mentioned, the noun phrase is 'parhiz-e ghazayi', but if you use the verb 'parhiz kardan', you must use the preposition 'az'. Many students forget the 'az' or use 'be' (to) instead. For example, saying "Man be gosht parhiz mikonam" is grammatically incorrect; it must be "Man az gosht parhiz mikonam." Additionally, learners sometimes forget the 'ezafe' between 'parhiz' and 'ghazayi', pronouncing it as 'parhiz ghazayi' which sounds disjointed and non-native.

A subtle mistake is using 'parhiz' for things that are not food without qualifying it. While 'parhiz' can mean general abstinence, in modern conversation, if you don't add 'ghazayi' or specify the substance, it can be ambiguous. For example, "Man parhiz mikonam" could mean you are avoiding a specific person or a specific behavior like lying. To be clear about food, always use the full phrase or specify the food item immediately after 'az'.

اشتباه: او پرهیز است.
درست: او پرهیز غذایی دارد.
Mistake: He is avoidance. Correct: He has a dietary restriction.

Register Confusion: Using 'parhiz-e ghazayi' in a very casual setting like a fast-food joint might sound a bit overly formal. In those cases, just saying "Man [food] nemikhoram" (I don't eat [food]) is more natural.

در محیط دوستانه بهتر است بگویید: «من فلفل نمی‌خورم» تا اینکه بگویید «من پرهیز غذایی فلفل دارم».
In a friendly setting, it's better to say "I don't eat pepper" rather than "I have a dietary restriction of pepper."

To truly master the vocabulary around eating habits, you should understand how پرهیز غذایی relates to other similar terms. The most common alternative is محدودیت غذایی (mahdoodiyat-e ghazayi), which literally means "dietary limitation." While very similar, 'mahdoodiyat' sounds slightly more technical and is often used in scientific or administrative contexts (like a school's policy on nuts). 'Parhiz' feels more personal and medical.

Comparison: Parhiz vs. Rejim: Parhiz: Focuses on what NOT to eat (Avoidance). Often for health/allergy.
Rejim: Focuses on the whole plan (Regimen). Often for weight/fitness.

او هم رژیم غذایی برای لاغری دارد و هم پرهیز غذایی برای حساسیت.
He has both a diet for weight loss and a dietary restriction for an allergy.

Another related term is اجتناب (ejtenab), which means "avoidance" in a more general and often formal sense. You might see "ejtenab az masraf-e ghand" (avoiding sugar consumption) on a health poster. However, 'ejtenab' is rarely used as a noun phrase like 'parhiz-e ghazayi' in spoken conversation. Then there is خودداری (khoddari), meaning "refraining." This is more about the willpower of the person. "Khoddari az khordan-e ghazahay-e charb" (Refraining from eating fatty foods) emphasizes the person's action.

Specific Restrictions: Giyah-khari: Vegetarianism/Veganism. (A type of 'parhiz' from meat).
Hasasiyat: Allergy. (The reason for the 'parhiz').

برای درمان کبد چرب، خودداری از مصرف الکل ضروری است.
To treat fatty liver, refraining from alcohol consumption is necessary.

Lastly, consider the word ممنوعیت (mamnoo'iyat), which means "prohibition." This is used when a food is strictly forbidden, perhaps by law or by a very strict medical order. If a doctor says "shokaraye baraye shoma mamnoo' ast" (Chocolate is prohibited for you), it's a very strong 'parhiz'. Understanding these nuances helps you choose the right word for the right level of intensity and context.

در این بیمارستان، محدودیت غذایی برای همه بیماران قلبی اعمال می‌شود.
In this hospital, dietary limitations are applied to all heart patients.

How Formal Is It?

Fun Fact

In classical Persian poetry, 'parhiz' was often used to describe the ascetic lifestyle of Sufis and monks who avoided worldly pleasures. It wasn't until much later that it became a common medical term for dietary restrictions.

Pronunciation Guide

UK /pæɾhiːz-e ɡæzɒːjiː/

US /pæɾhiːz-eɪ ɡæzɑːjiː/

The primary stress in 'parhiz' is on the second syllable '-hiz'. In 'ghazayi', the stress is on the final syllable '-yi'.

Rhymes With

Tabriz (City name) Labriz (Overflowing) Sardiz (Cold-ish - rare) Ghaliz (Thick/Dense) Mariz (Sick) Tamiz (Clean) Nagiz (Wonderful) Kashiz (Small coin - archaic)

Common Errors

Pronouncing 'parhiz' without the 'h' (par-iz).
Forgetting the connecting 'ezafe' (parhiz ghazayi).
Pronouncing 'gh' as a hard 'g' instead of the fricative.
Misplacing the stress on the first syllable of 'parhiz'.
Shortening the long 'i' sounds at the end of both words.

Difficulty Rating

Reading 3/5

The word is common in health-related texts and easy to recognize once learned.

Writing 4/5

Requires correct use of 'ezafe' and compound noun structure.

Speaking 3/5

Pronunciation of 'gh' and 'h' can be tricky for beginners, but the phrase is a great social tool.

Listening 3/5

Clearly articulated in formal settings, but can be clipped in fast speech.

What to Learn Next

Prerequisites

غذا (Food) خوردن (To eat) سلامت (Health) پزشک (Doctor) نه (No)

Learn Next

حساسیت (Allergy) رژیم (Diet) ویتامین (Vitamin) کالری (Calorie) مغذی (Nutritious)

Advanced

ریاضت (Asceticism) تزکیه (Purification) اخلاط چهارگانه (Four Humors) طب سنتی (Traditional Medicine) مصلح (Corrective food in traditional medicine)

Grammar to Know

Ezafe Construction

پرهیزِ غذایی (The 'e' connects the noun and adjective).

Preposition 'az' with 'parhiz kardan'

او از قند پرهیز می‌کند.

Compound Noun Formation

Combining 'parhiz' (noun) and 'ghazayi' (adjective) to form a new concept.

Subjunctive with Recommendations

توصیه می‌کنم که پرهیز غذایی داشته باشی.

Infinitive as Subject

پرهیز کردن برای او سخت است.

Examples by Level

من پرهیز دارم.

I have a restriction.

Subject + Noun + Verb (Simple present).

این غذا پرهیز است؟

Is this food [for] restriction?

Asking if a dish is part of a dietary plan.

من نمک نمی‌خورم، پرهیز دارم.

I don't eat salt, I have a restriction.

Using a specific reason with the general term.

آیا شما پرهیز دارید؟

Do you have a restriction?

Simple question for a guest.

پرهیز برای سلامتی خوب است.

Restriction is good for health.

Basic noun usage as a subject.

او پرهیز غذایی دارد.

He has a dietary restriction.

Using the full compound noun.

شکر برای من پرهیز است.

Sugar is a restriction for me.

Identifying a specific prohibited item.

پزشک گفت: پرهیز کن.

The doctor said: Avoid [it].

Imperative form of the verb.

من باید پرهیز غذایی داشته باشم.

I must have a dietary restriction.

Using 'bayad' (must) with the noun phrase.

او از خوردن گوشت پرهیز می‌کند.

He avoids eating meat.

Verb 'parhiz kardan' with preposition 'az'.

آیا این رستوران پرهیز غذایی را می‌فهمد؟

Does this restaurant understand dietary restriction?

Asking about a service or understanding.

پرهیز غذایی او خیلی سخت نیست.

His dietary restriction is not very strict.

Using the adjective 'sakht' (strict) with negation.

مادرم برای دیابت پرهیز غذایی دارد.

My mother has a dietary restriction for diabetes.

Specifying the reason for the restriction.

لطفاً پرهیز غذایی مرا رعایت کنید.

Please observe my dietary restriction.

Polite imperative with 're'ayat kardan'.

این لیست پرهیز غذایی من است.

This is the list of my dietary restrictions.

Using 'list' as a head noun.

او به خاطر حساسیت پرهیز دارد.

He has a restriction because of allergy.

Using 'be khatere' (because of).

پزشک به من توصیه کرد که پرهیز غذایی دقیقی داشته باشم.

The doctor recommended that I have a precise dietary restriction.

Subjunctive clause after 'tosiye kardan'.

رعایت پرهیز غذایی می‌تواند از بیماری‌های قلبی جلوگیری کند.

Observing dietary restriction can prevent heart diseases.

Gerund phrase as a subject.

بسیاری از مردم به دلیل اعتقادات مذهبی پرهیز غذایی دارند.

Many people have dietary restrictions due to religious beliefs.

Using 'be dalile' (due to) with abstract nouns.

اگر پرهیز غذایی خود را بشکنید، حالتان بد می‌شود.

If you break your dietary restriction, you will feel unwell.

Conditional sentence Type 1.

او همیشه در مهمانی‌ها درباره پرهیز غذایی‌اش توضیح می‌دهد.

He always explains about his dietary restriction at parties.

Using 'darbare-ye' (about).

آیا می‌دانید کدام پرهیز غذایی برای کبد چرب مفید است؟

Do you know which dietary restriction is useful for fatty liver?

Indirect question.

پرهیز غذایی نباید باعث سوءتغذیه شود.

Dietary restriction should not cause malnutrition.

Modal verb 'nabayad' (should not).

من به این پرهیز غذایی عادت کرده‌ام.

I have gotten used to this dietary restriction.

Present perfect with 'adat kardan'.

در طب سنتی، پرهیز غذایی اولین گام برای درمان هر دردی است.

In traditional medicine, dietary restriction is the first step to treating any pain.

Locative phrase and complex subject.

او با وجود پرهیز غذایی سخت، هنوز از آشپزی لذت می‌برد.

Despite a strict dietary restriction, he still enjoys cooking.

Concessive phrase with 'ba vojoode'.

پرهیز غذایی دائمی برای بیماران سلیاکی حیاتی است.

Permanent dietary restriction is vital for celiac patients.

Adjective 'hayati' (vital) and specific medical term.

برخی معتقدند که پرهیز غذایی بیش از حد می‌تواند مضر باشد.

Some believe that excessive dietary restriction can be harmful.

Complex sentence with 'mo'taghedand' (believe).

او به خوبی توانسته است پرهیز غذایی خود را با سبک زندگی‌اش هماهنگ کند.

He has been able to coordinate his dietary restriction well with his lifestyle.

Compound verb 'hamahang kardan' with 'tavanestan'.

پرهیز غذایی از مواد فرآوری شده به کاهش وزن کمک می‌کند.

Dietary restriction from processed foods helps with weight loss.

Noun phrase followed by a prepositional specifier.

پزشکان بر اهمیت پرهیز غذایی در دوران نقاهت تأکید دارند.

Doctors emphasize the importance of dietary restriction during recovery.

Formal verb 'ta'kid dashtan'.

آیا پرهیز غذایی شما شامل محصولات لبنی هم می‌شود؟

Does your dietary restriction also include dairy products?

Using 'shamel shodan' (to include).

پرهیز غذایی در فرهنگ ایرانی ریشه‌ای عمیق در مفاهیم اخلاقی و جسمانی دارد.

Dietary restriction in Iranian culture has deep roots in moral and physical concepts.

Abstract academic sentence structure.

تحقیقات نشان می‌دهد که پرهیز غذایی دوره‌ای می‌تواند فرآیند پیری را کند کند.

Research shows that periodic dietary restriction can slow down the aging process.

Reporting scientific findings.

او به چنان پرهیز غذایی شدیدی روی آورده که اطرافیانش را نگران کرده است.

He has turned to such a strict dietary restriction that it has worried those around him.

Result clause with 'chenan... ke'.

عدم رعایت پرهیز غذایی توسط بیمار، روند درمان را با چالش مواجه کرد.

The patient's failure to observe the dietary restriction challenged the treatment process.

Negative noun 'adam-e re'ayat'.

پرهیز غذایی نباید به عنوان یک جریمه، بلکه باید به عنوان یک انتخاب آگاهانه دیده شود.

Dietary restriction should not be seen as a punishment, but as a conscious choice.

Contrastive structure 'na be onvan-e... balke'.

او در کتاب خود به بررسی تاریخچه پرهیز غذایی در ادیان مختلف پرداخته است.

In his book, he has explored the history of dietary restriction in various religions.

Formal literary verb 'pardakhtan be'.

تنوع در پرهیز غذایی می‌تواند از خستگی روانی بیمار جلوگیری کند.

Variety within dietary restriction can prevent the patient's psychological fatigue.

Using 'khastegi-ye ravani' (psychological fatigue).

پرهیز غذایی خودخواسته معمولاً با انگیزه‌های زیست‌محیطی همراه است.

Self-imposed dietary restriction is usually accompanied by environmental motives.

Compound adjective 'khod-khaste' (self-imposed).

پارادایم‌های نوین سلامت، پرهیز غذایی را فراتر از یک ضرورت پزشکی و به مثابه یک سبک زندگی فلسفی قلمداد می‌کنند.

Modern health paradigms consider dietary restriction beyond a medical necessity and as a philosophical lifestyle.

High-level academic vocabulary (paradigm, lifestyle, consider).

تقلیل مفهوم پرهیز غذایی به صرفاً نخوردن برخی مواد، نادیده گرفتن ابعاد روانی این فرآیند است.

Reducing the concept of dietary restriction to merely not eating certain substances is ignoring the psychological dimensions of this process.

Gerund as a complex subject with 'taghlil' (reduction).

در متون کهن، پرهیز غذایی نوعی ریاضت برای تزکیه نفس به شمار می‌رفت.

In ancient texts, dietary restriction was considered a type of asceticism for the purification of the soul.

Historical register with terms like 'riyazat' and 'tazkiye'.

اثربخشی پرهیز غذایی در کنترل بیماری‌های مزمن، موضوع مناقشات علمی گسترده‌ای بوده است.

The effectiveness of dietary restriction in controlling chronic diseases has been a subject of extensive scientific controversy.

Complex noun phrase with 'monaghesat' (controversies).

او با ظرافتی خاص، پرهیز غذایی خود را در ضیافت‌های مجلل مدیریت می‌کند تا جلب توجه نکند.

With a particular grace, he manages his dietary restriction in luxurious banquets so as not to draw attention.

Adverbial phrase 'ba zarafati khas' (with particular grace).

پرهیز غذایی تحمیلی می‌تواند منجر به بروز اختلالات رفتاری در کودکان گردد.

Imposed dietary restriction can lead to the emergence of behavioral disorders in children.

Formal verb 'gardidan' instead of 'shodan'.

تبیین جایگاه پرهیز غذایی در سلامت عمومی نیازمند رویکردی چندرشته‌ای است.

Explaining the position of dietary restriction in public health requires a multidisciplinary approach.

Academic term 'tabyin' (explanation/elucidation).

پرهیز غذایی، اگر با آگاهی همراه نباشد، ممکن است به جای درمان، آسیب‌زا باشد.

Dietary restriction, if not accompanied by awareness, may be harmful instead of healing.

Parenthetical clause with 'agar... nabashad'.

Common Collocations

رعایت پرهیز غذایی

پرهیز غذایی سخت

پرهیز غذایی خاص

توصیه به پرهیز غذایی

پرهیز غذایی دائمی

شکستن پرهیز غذایی

لیست پرهیز غذایی

پرهیز غذایی شدید

پرهیز غذایی آگاهانه

پرهیز غذایی کوتاه مدت

Common Phrases

پرهیز دارم

— The standard way to say 'I have a dietary restriction' in conversation.

ممنون، من از این شیرینی نمی‌خورم، پرهیز دارم.

اهل پرهیز بودن

— To be someone who is disciplined about their diet.

پدربزرگم همیشه اهل پرهیز بود و به همین دلیل سالم ماند.

پرهیز کردن از چیزی

— To avoid a specific thing.

باید از خوردن نوشابه پرهیز کنید.

تحت پرهیز بودن

— To be under a restricted diet protocol.

بیمار در حال حاضر تحت پرهیز غذایی شدید است.

پرهیز واجب

— A mandatory restriction.

برای او پرهیز از نمک واجب است.

دستور پرهیز

— The instruction or order for a diet.

دستور پرهیز را از پزشک گرفتم.

دوران پرهیز

— The period of time one is on a restricted diet.

در دوران پرهیز، او بسیار لاغر شد.

پرهیز شکنی

— Breaking one's diet.

پرهیز شکنی در شب یلدا برای او گران تمام شد.

پرهیز طبی

— Medical restriction.

این یک پرهیز طبی است، نه مذهبی.

پرهیز و درمان

— Avoidance and treatment (often grouped together).

پرهیز و درمان باید در کنار هم باشند.

Often Confused With

پرهیز غذایی vs رژیم غذایی

Rejim is for a general plan or weight loss; Parhiz is specifically for avoidance due to health.

پرهیز غذایی vs روزه

Roozeh is religious fasting (no food at all); Parhiz is avoiding specific foods.

پرهیز غذایی vs امساک

Emsak is a more literary or religious term for general abstinence.

Idioms & Expressions

"پرهیز سرآمد درمان‌هاست"

— Avoidance (prevention) is the best of all treatments.

قدیمی‌ها می‌گفتند که پرهیز سرآمد درمان‌هاست.

Proverbial

"پرهیز کردن از گناه"

— To avoid sin (metaphorical use of parhiz).

او همیشه سعی می‌کرد از گناه پرهیز کند.

Religious/Moral

"دندان روی جگر گذاشتن و پرهیز کردن"

— To bear a difficulty and maintain abstinence.

او با دندان روی جگر گذاشتن، پرهیز غذایی‌اش را رعایت کرد.

Informal/Idiomatic

"پرهیز از حاشیه"

— Avoiding distractions or side issues.

او در کارش همیشه از حاشیه پرهیز می‌کند.

Professional/Metaphorical

"پرهیزکار بودن"

— To be a pious or self-restrained person (derived from the same root).

او مردی پرهیزکار و باخدا بود.

Formal/Religious

"روزه گرفتن و پرهیز کردن"

— To fast and abstain (often used together to imply total discipline).

او تمام ماه را به روزه و پرهیز گذراند.

Religious

"پرهیز از افراط و تفریط"

— Avoiding extremes (too much or too little).

در هر کاری باید از افراط و تفریط پرهیز کرد.

Formal/Moral

"آتش و پرهیز"

— Something very difficult to maintain (like holding fire while abstaining).

رعایت این پرهیز در این مهمانی مثل بازی با آتش و پرهیز است.

Literary/Rare

"پرهیز از خطر"

— Avoiding danger.

عقل حکم می‌کند که از خطر پرهیز کنیم.

General

"پرهیز از نامحرم"

— Avoiding unrelated members of the opposite sex.

در فرهنگ سنتی، پرهیز از نامحرم بسیار مهم بود.

Cultural/Religious

Easily Confused

پرهیز غذایی vs رژیم

Both involve food rules.

Rejim is a positive plan (what to eat), Parhiz is a negative plan (what NOT to eat). Rejim is often for aesthetics, Parhiz is for medical safety.

او رژیم گیاه‌خواری دارد اما پرهیز نمک هم دارد.

پرهیز غذایی vs حساسیت

Allergies cause dietary restrictions.

Hasasiyat is the condition (the allergy), Parhiz is the action (the restriction).

به دلیل حساسیت، باید پرهیز غذایی داشته باشی.

پرهیز غذایی vs اجتناب

Both mean avoidance.

Ejtenab is a general verb; Parhiz-e Ghazayi is a specific noun phrase for food.

اجتناب از سیگار همانند پرهیز غذایی مهم است.

پرهیز غذایی vs خودداری

Khoddari emphasizes the effort of the person; Parhiz is the rule itself.

خودداری از خوردن شیرینی بخشی از پرهیز اوست.

پرهیز غذایی vs محرومیت

Mahroomiyat sounds involuntary and negative; Parhiz is seen as a healthy or necessary choice.

این پرهیز است، نه محرومیت از لذت‌ها.

Sentence Patterns

من پرهیز دارم.

او پرهیز غذایی دارد.

من باید پرهیز غذایی‌ام را رعایت کنم.

پزشک پرهیز غذایی را توصیه کرد.

او از خوردن [اسم] پرهیز می‌کند.

او از خوردن شکلات پرهیز می‌کند.

رعایت پرهیز غذایی برای [بیماری] لازم است.

رعایت پرهیز غذایی برای دیابت لازم است.

با وجود پرهیز غذایی، او [فعل].

با وجود پرهیز غذایی، او همچنان پرانرژی است.

تبیین اهمیت پرهیز غذایی در [زمینه]...

تبیین اهمیت پرهیز غذایی در سلامت روان...

Word Family

Nouns

پرهیز (Avoidance/Abstinence)

پرهیزکاری (Piety/Self-restraint)

پرهیزکار (A pious person)

غذا (Food)

تغذیه (Nutrition)

Verbs

پرهیز کردن (To avoid/abstain)

غذا خوردن (To eat food)

تغذیه کردن (To nourish)

Adjectives

پرهیزکارانه (Piously/Restrainedly)

غذایی (Dietary/Nutritional)

مغذی (Nutritious)

رژیم (Diet)

حساسیت (Allergy)

ممنوعیت (Prohibition)

سلامتی (Health)

بهداشت (Hygiene)

How to Use It

frequency

Very common in medical and health contexts.

Common Mistakes

Using 'rejim' for a nut allergy. → Using 'parhiz' or 'hasasiyat'.
'Rejim' implies a voluntary plan for weight, not a life-threatening avoidance.
Saying 'parhiz ghazayi' without the ezafe. → parhiz-e ghazayi.
Persian requires the connecting vowel between a noun and its modifying adjective.
Using 'be' instead of 'az' with the verb. → az [food] parhiz kardan.
The verb 'parhiz kardan' always takes the preposition 'az' (from).
Thinking 'parhiz' only means fasting. → Knowing it means specific avoidance.
Religious fasting is 'roozeh'; 'parhiz' is broader and usually medical.
Using 'parhiz' as an adjective for a person (e.g., I am parhiz). → Man parhiz daram.
You 'have' a restriction, you aren't 'the' restriction yourself.

Tips

Polite Refusal

Use 'parhiz daram' when you want to decline a dish without explaining your whole medical history. It's a 'get out of jail free' card for social dining.

The Ezafe

Don't forget the short 'e' sound between 'parhiz' and 'ghazayi'. It's essential for the phrase to be grammatically correct.

Traditional Medicine

If someone mentions 'parhiz' in Iran, they might be following traditional advice about 'hot' and 'cold' foods. It's a very common practice.

Parhiz vs. Rejim

Remember: Parhiz = Avoidance (Medical/Allergy). Rejim = Plan (Weight loss/Fitness).

The Soft H

The 'h' in 'parhiz' should be breathed out softly, not harsh like the 'kh' sound.

Formal Contexts

In medical reports, look for 're'ayat-e parhiz' as a standard instruction.

Asking Guests

When hosting Iranians, always ask 'Aya parhiz-e ghazayi-ye khasi darid?' to show you are a thoughtful host.

Mnemonic

Parhiz sounds like 'Part-Ease'. It's the ease you get from parting with bad foods!

Key Preposition

Listen for the word 'az' after the verb 'parhiz kardan' to know what is being restricted.

Metaphorical Use

As you get more advanced, notice how 'parhiz' is used for moral and political abstinence too.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Think of 'Parhiz' as 'Parting' from 'Hiz' (his) favorite food. You are parting from food for your health.

Visual Association

Imagine a person standing in front of a table full of delicious but 'dangerous' food, holding a shield that says 'PARHIZ'. The shield protects them from the negative health effects.

Word Web

Health (Salamati) Doctor (Pezeshk) No Sugar (Bedune Ghand) Allergy (Hasasiyat) Abstinence (Khoddari) Traditional Medicine (Teb-e Sonnati) Life (Zendegi) Discipline (Enzebat)

Challenge

Try to list three foods you would find difficult to have a 'parhiz' from. Write them down in Persian using the sentence: 'Parhiz az [food] baraye man sakht ast.'

Word Origin

The word 'Parhiz' originates from Middle Persian 'pahrēz', which meant 'protection', 'care', or 'service'. It is related to the verb 'pahrēzidan'. The second part, 'Ghazayi', is derived from the Arabic word 'ghidha' (food/nourishment) with the Persian relative suffix '-i'.

Original meaning: The original meaning of 'parhiz' was more about 'taking care' or 'guarding'. Over time, it shifted towards 'guarding oneself from something', and eventually specifically 'abstaining' or 'avoiding'.

Indo-European (Persian) + Afro-Asiatic (Arabic loanword root).

Cultural Context

When discussing 'parhiz' with Iranians, be aware that it might be for a sensitive medical reason (like cancer or a chronic condition). Don't pry too much unless they offer the information.

In English-speaking cultures, we often use the word 'diet' for everything. In Persian, 'parhiz' is more specific and serious than 'rejim'.

Avicenna (Ibn Sina) wrote extensively about the importance of 'parhiz' in his 'Canon of Medicine'. Saadi Shirazi mentions 'parhiz' in his poems as a virtue of the wise. Modern Iranian health slogans often use the phrase 'Parhiz behtar az darmam' (Prevention is better than cure).

Practice in Real Life

Real-World Contexts

At a Restaurant

آیا این غذا برای پرهیز غذایی من مناسب است؟
من پرهیز غذایی دارم، لطفاً بدون کره بپزید.
منوی مخصوص پرهیز غذایی دارید؟
من از خوردن فلفل پرهیز می‌کنم.

At the Doctor's Office

چه پرهیز غذایی برای من لازم است؟
آیا باید پرهیز غذایی خاصی را شروع کنم؟
تا کی باید این پرهیز را ادامه دهم؟
پرهیز غذایی من شامل چه چیزهایی است؟

At a Dinner Party

ببخشید، من پرهیز دارم و نمی‌توانم این را امتحان کنم.
دست شما درد نکند، ولی من پرهیز غذایی دارم.
آیا در این غذا نمک زیادی هست؟ من پرهیز دارم.
خیلی خوشمزه به نظر می‌رسد، حیف که پرهیز دارم.

In a Pharmacy

آیا این دارو با پرهیز غذایی من تداخل دارد؟
همراه این قرص باید از چه غذاهایی پرهیز کنم؟
آیا پرهیز غذایی خاصی برای این بیماری وجود دارد؟
نیاز به پرهیز غذایی در زمان مصرف این دارو هست؟

In a Health Article

اهمیت پرهیز غذایی در پیشگیری از سرطان.
انواع پرهیز غذایی برای کاهش وزن.
چگونه پرهیز غذایی خود را مدیریت کنیم؟
تفاوت پرهیز غذایی و رژیم غذایی.

Conversation Starters

"آیا شما برای سلامتی‌تان پرهیز غذایی خاصی را دنبال می‌کنید؟"

"به نظر شما رعایت پرهیز غذایی در مهمانی‌ها کار سختی است؟"

"سخت‌ترین پرهیز غذایی که تا به حال داشته‌اید چه بوده است؟"

"آیا در خانواده شما کسی هست که پرهیز غذایی شدیدی داشته باشد؟"

"فکر می‌کنید پرهیز غذایی در طب سنتی چقدر موثر است؟"

Journal Prompts

درباره تجربه‌ای بنویسید که مجبور بودید از خوردن غذای مورد علاقه‌تان پرهیز کنید.

آیا فکر می‌کنید پرهیز غذایی می‌تواند روی روابط اجتماعی آدم‌ها تاثیر بگذارد؟ توضیح دهید.

اگر پزشک به شما بگوید باید برای همیشه از خوردن شکر پرهیز کنید، چه حسی خواهید داشت؟

نقش پرهیز غذایی در سبک زندگی سالم از نظر شما چیست؟

یک روز از زندگی کسی را تصور کنید که پرهیز غذایی بسیار پیچیده‌ای دارد.

Frequently Asked Questions

10 questions

'Parhiz' focuses on avoiding specific foods for health or medical reasons, while 'rejim' refers to a broader eating plan, often for weight loss or fitness. If you have an allergy, you use 'parhiz'.

It is a formal term, but it is used in daily conversation because it is the most accurate way to describe medical dietary needs. In very casual settings, people might just say they don't eat something.

Yes, 'parhiz' means avoidance in general. You can 'parhiz' from bad habits, lies, or even certain people, but 'parhiz-e ghazayi' specifically anchors it to food.

You can say: 'Bebakhshid, man parhiz-e ghazayi daram' (Sorry, I have a dietary restriction). It is very polite and respected.

The most common verbs are 'dashtan' (to have), 're'ayat kardan' (to observe), and 'tosiye kardan' (to recommend).

While related to the concept of abstinence, religious fasting is usually called 'roozeh'. 'Parhiz' is more commonly used in a medical or health context.

It is a voiced velar fricative, similar to the French 'r' or the sound you make when gargling. It is not a hard 'g'.

Children usually learn this word early if they have allergies, but otherwise, they might just say 'nemikhoram' (I don't eat). Adults use it more often.

Yes, 'parhiz-ha', but it is mostly used in the singular to describe the overall state of having restrictions.

No, it just means you are avoiding specific items on your list. You can still eat other things!