تجاوز کردن in 30 Seconds
- To go over a limit or amount.
- Surpassing a boundary or expectation.
- Crossing a threshold, often negatively.
- Exceeding a specified quantity or standard.
The Persian verb تجاوز کردن (tajāvoz kardan) is a versatile phrase that translates to 'to exceed,' 'to go beyond,' or 'to surpass' a limit, boundary, amount, or expectation. It carries a sense of crossing a threshold, whether that threshold is physical, numerical, ethical, or metaphorical. In everyday conversation, it's often used to describe situations where a certain quantity or standard has been surpassed. For instance, you might hear it when discussing budgets, deadlines, or even personal achievements. The word 'tajāvoz' itself implies an infringement or transgression, so when combined with 'kardan' (to do/make), it signifies the act of performing such an infringement or going beyond what is considered acceptable or normal. It's important to note that in some contexts, particularly when referring to actions against a person, 'tajāvoz kardan' can have a much more serious and negative connotation, implying assault or violation, but in the context of exceeding limits, it is generally neutral to negative depending on the context of what was exceeded. Understanding the nuance of what is being exceeded is key to grasping the precise meaning in any given situation.
- Literal Breakdown
- 'Tajāvoz' (تجاوز) means 'transgression,' 'infringement,' or 'exceeding.' 'Kardan' (کردن) is the verb 'to do' or 'to make.' Together, they form 'to do/make a transgression' or 'to exceed.'
- Common Scenarios
- You'll hear this phrase when discussing budgets that have been exceeded, speed limits that have been surpassed, or when a project goes over its allocated time. It can also be used in more abstract senses, like exceeding expectations or going beyond one's capabilities.
بودجه پروژه از حد انتظار تجاوز کرد.
Using تجاوز کردن (tajāvoz kardan) correctly involves understanding its grammatical structure and the context it's applied to. As a compound verb, it consists of the noun 'tajāvoz' and the verb 'kardan.' The verb 'kardan' conjugates according to tense, person, and number, while 'tajāvoz' remains constant. The preposition 'az' (از) is frequently used after 'tajāvoz kardan' to indicate the limit or quantity that has been exceeded. For example, 'He exceeded the speed limit' would be 'او از حد مجاز سرعت تجاوز کرد' (u az hadd-e mojāzz-e sor'at tajāvoz kard). When talking about exceeding expectations, you might say, 'این نتیجه از انتظارات ما تجاوز کرده است' (in natijeh az entezārāt-e mā tajāvoz karde ast - This result has exceeded our expectations). The past tense is very common, often used with the auxiliary verb 'shodan' (to become) when forming the perfect tenses, like 'kardeh ast' or 'kardeh bud.' The present tense is less common for this specific meaning of exceeding a concrete limit, but can be used in more general or habitual senses, though it's more frequently seen in the past tense. Remember to consider the subject performing the action and the object or limit being exceeded. The phrase can also be used with abstract concepts like time or cost. For instance, 'هزینهها از بودجه اولیه تجاوز خواهد کرد' (hazinehā az budjeh-ye avvalieh tajāvoz khāhad kard - The costs will exceed the initial budget). Pay attention to the flow of the sentence and ensure 'az' is used appropriately when referring to specific limits or quantities.
- Verb Conjugation
- The verb 'kardan' (to do/make) conjugates. For example, in the past tense: man tajāvoz kardam (I exceeded), to tajāvoz kardi (you exceeded), u tajāvoz kard (he/she exceeded), mā tajāvoz kardim (we exceeded), shomā tajāvoz kardid (you all exceeded), ānhā tajāvoz kardand (they exceeded).
- Preposition 'Az'
- The preposition 'az' (از) is crucial when specifying what has been exceeded. It follows the verb phrase: 'X az Y tajāvoz kard' (X exceeded Y).
این ماشین از سرعت مجاز تجاوز میکند.
You'll encounter تجاوز کردن (tajāvoz kardan) frequently in news reports, financial discussions, and everyday conversations about limits and boundaries. News anchors often use it when reporting on economic indicators, like inflation figures that have exceeded predictions, or when discussing government spending that has gone over budget. For instance, a news segment might state, 'نرخ تورم از ۱۰ درصد تجاوز کرده است' (nerkh-e tora'm az 10 darṣad tajāvoz karde ast - The inflation rate has exceeded 10 percent). In business meetings, managers might warn about project timelines that are at risk of exceeding their allocated time, saying, 'اگر این روند ادامه یابد، از زمانبندی تعیین شده تجاوز خواهیم کرد' (agar in ravand edāmeh yābad, az zamānbandi-ye ta'yin shodeh tajāvoz khāhim kard - If this trend continues, we will exceed the set timeline). When discussing traffic or legal matters, it's common to hear about exceeding speed limits: 'رانندگان نباید از سرعت مجاز تجاوز کنند' (rānandegān nabāyad az sor'at-e mojāzz tajāvoz konand - Drivers must not exceed the speed limit). Even in casual conversations about personal goals or achievements, the phrase can appear: 'او از تمام انتظاراتی که از او داشتیم تجاوز کرد' (u az tamām-e entezārāti ke az u dāhtim tajāvoz kard - He exceeded all the expectations we had of him). The word is also present in more formal settings, such as legal or academic contexts, where precise language is required to describe infringements or surpassings of established rules or norms. The prevalence of 'tajāvoz kardan' in these diverse scenarios highlights its utility in expressing the concept of going beyond a defined limit.
- News and Economics
- Common in reports about budgets, inflation, and economic forecasts. Example: 'کسری بودجه از پیشبینیها تجاوز کرد.' (The budget deficit exceeded predictions.)
- Traffic and Law
- Used when discussing violations of speed limits or other regulations. Example: 'راننده به دلیل تجاوز از سرعت مجاز جریمه شد.' (The driver was fined for exceeding the speed limit.)
گزارشها نشان میدهند که مصرف آب در تابستان از حد معمول تجاوز کرده است.
One common pitfall for learners is misusing the preposition 'az' (از). While 'az' is often used to indicate what is being exceeded, omitting it or using it incorrectly can change the meaning or make the sentence grammatically awkward. For example, saying 'او سرعت تجاوز کرد' (u sor'at tajāvoz kard) is incorrect; it should be 'او از سرعت تجاوز کرد' (u az sor'at tajāvoz kard). Another mistake is confusing تجاوز کردن with verbs that simply mean 'to increase' or 'to become more.' While exceeding a limit implies an increase, 'tajāvoz kardan' specifically refers to crossing a pre-defined boundary or standard. Simply increasing a number without reference to a limit doesn't always warrant 'tajāvoz kardan.' For instance, if a price goes up by 10% but is still within an acceptable range, one might say 'قیمت افزایش یافت' (gheimat afzāyesh yāft - the price increased), not necessarily 'قیمت از حد انتظار تجاوز کرد' unless that increase was significant or unexpected. Learners might also overlook the serious negative connotation of 'tajāvoz kardan' when used in contexts of sexual assault or violation. While the focus here is on exceeding limits, it's vital to be aware that the phrase can carry much graver meanings in other contexts. Therefore, context is paramount. Finally, some learners might incorrectly conjugate the 'kardan' part of the verb, leading to grammatical errors in tense or person. Always ensure 'kardan' is conjugated correctly for the subject and tense of the sentence.
- Incorrect Preposition Usage
- Forgetting or misplacing 'az' (از) is common. The correct structure is usually 'X az Y tajāvoz kardan' (X exceeds Y).
- Confusing with General Increase
- 'Tajāvoz kardan' implies crossing a specific limit, not just any increase. Use 'afzāyesh yāftan' (to increase) for general rises.
اشتباه: او تجاوز بودجه کرد.
Several Persian words and phrases can convey similar meanings to تجاوز کردن (tajāvoz kardan), each with its own nuances. The verb فراتر رفتن (farātar raftan), meaning 'to go beyond' or 'to go further,' is a very close synonym and often interchangeable when referring to exceeding limits or expectations. For instance, 'این پروژه از زمانبندی فراتر رفت' (in proje az zamānbandi farātar raft - This project went beyond the timeline) is a common alternative. Another option is بیشتر شدن (bishtar shodan), meaning 'to become more' or 'to increase.' While it indicates an increase, it lacks the specific connotation of crossing a boundary that 'tajāvoz kardan' has. It's more general. For example, 'قیمتها بیشتر شد' (gheimat-hā bishtar shod - Prices became more/increased) is a straightforward statement of increase, whereas 'قیمتها از حد انتظار تجاوز کرد' (gheimat-hā az hadd-e entezār tajāvoz kard - Prices exceeded expectations) implies a crossing of a threshold. In contexts of surpassing achievements or performance, سبقت گرفتن (sebhqat gereftan), meaning 'to overtake,' can be used metaphorically, though it usually implies competition. For example, 'او در فروش از رقبای خود سبقت گرفت' (u dar forush az roqabā-ye khod sebhqat gereft - He overtook his competitors in sales). For a more formal or academic tone, تعدی کردن (ta'addi kardan) can be used, often implying an encroachment or infringement, similar to 'tajāvoz kardan' but perhaps with a stronger legal or ethical implication. When speaking of numbers or quantities, از حد گذشتن (az hadd gozashtan) is a direct synonym for 'to go beyond the limit.' For example, 'میزان آلودگی از حد مجاز گذشت' (mizān-e āludegi az hadd-e mojāzz gozasht - The pollution level went beyond the permissible limit). The choice between these alternatives depends heavily on the specific context, the desired level of formality, and the precise shade of meaning you wish to convey.
- فراتر رفتن (farātar raftan)
- Meaning: To go beyond, to go further. Often interchangeable with 'tajāvoz kardan' for exceeding limits or expectations. Example: 'این طرح از بودجه اولیه فراتر رفت.' (This plan went beyond the initial budget.)
- از حد گذشتن (az hadd gozashtan)
- Meaning: To go beyond the limit. A very direct synonym for exceeding a specific threshold. Example: 'میزان صدا از حد تحمل گذشت.' (The noise level went beyond tolerance.)
این فیلم از نظر کیفی از انتظارات من فراتر رفت.
How Formal Is It?
"اقدامات اتخاذ شده از اختیارات قانونی فراتر رفت."
"بودجه پروژه از مبلغ تعیین شده تجاوز کرد."
"این حرف از حد گذشته بود!"
"قطار از ایستگاه رد شد."
"این دیگه خیلی از حد رفت!"
Fun Fact
The Arabic root j-w-z is also the origin of words like 'جواز' (javāz - permit, license) and 'مجاز' (mojāzz - permitted, authorized), highlighting the core concept of 'passing' or 'permission to pass'.
Pronunciation Guide
- Pronouncing 'j' as in 'jump' instead of the Persian 'j' sound (like 'zh' in 'measure').
- Not distinguishing between short and long vowels, especially in 'tajavoz'.
- Omitting the 'r' sound in 'kardan' for speakers of non-rhotic accents.
- Incorrect stress placement, often putting it on the first syllable of 'tajavoz'.
Difficulty Rating
CEFR B1 level. Understanding requires grasping the concept of exceeding limits and recognizing common collocations with 'az'. Context is crucial to distinguish between positive and negative implications.
Requires correct conjugation of 'kardan' and proper use of the preposition 'az'. Learners need to be mindful of the register and potential negative connotations.
Pronunciation of 'tajāvoz' can be challenging. Fluency comes with practice in using it in various contexts, especially with common phrases.
Recognizing 'tajāvoz kardan' and its variations in spoken Persian, especially when fast-paced, requires good listening skills and familiarity with common sentence structures.
What to Learn Next
Prerequisites
Learn Next
Advanced
Grammar to Know
Conjugation of Compound Verbs
The verb 'kardan' conjugates for tense, person, and number, while 'tajāvoz' remains constant. Example: man tajāvoz kardam (I exceeded), u tajāvoz kardeh ast (he/she has exceeded).
Use of Preposition 'az' (از)
'az' is typically used after 'tajāvoz kardan' to indicate the limit or quantity that is exceeded. Example: 'او از سرعت مجاز تجاوز کرد.' (He exceeded the speed limit.)
Past Tense Formation (ezafe)
For perfect tenses, the past participle of 'kardan' (kardeh) is used with the auxiliary verb 'hastan'. Example: 'tajāvoz karde ast' (has exceeded).
Forming Questions
Questions can be formed by adding 'āyā' (آیا) at the beginning or by using question words like 'che qadr' (چقدر - how much). Example: 'آیا او از بودجه تجاوز کرد؟' (Did he exceed the budget?)
Negation
Negation is typically formed by adding 'na' (نه) before the verb. Example: 'او از حد مجاز تجاوز نکرد.' (He did not exceed the speed limit.)
Examples by Level
ماشین از خط گذشت.
The car went past the line.
Simple past tense of 'go past'.
او از دیوار بالا رفت.
He climbed over the wall.
Past tense of 'to climb over'.
زمان تمام شد.
Time ran out.
Idiomatic phrase for time ending.
پول من تمام شد.
My money ran out.
Similar to 'time ran out', but for money.
او از حد حرف زد.
He spoke beyond limits.
Basic usage of 'beyond limits'.
این مقدار کافی است.
This amount is enough.
Focuses on sufficiency, not exceeding.
او از حد انتظار من بود.
He was beyond my expectations.
Simple past, introducing the idea of exceeding expectations.
قطار از ایستگاه گذشت.
The train passed the station.
Past tense of 'to pass'.
سرعت ماشین از حد مجاز بالاتر بود.
The car's speed was above the allowed limit.
Uses 'bālātar bud' (was higher) to indicate exceeding.
هزینه این پروژه از بودجه اولیه بیشتر شد.
The cost of this project became more than the initial budget.
Uses 'bishtar shod' (became more) to indicate exceeding a budget.
تعداد مهمانان از تعداد صندلیها گذشت.
The number of guests went beyond the number of chairs.
Uses 'gozasht' (went beyond) to indicate exceeding capacity.
او از محدوده تعیین شده خارج شد.
He went out of the designated area.
Uses 'khārej shod' (went out) to indicate leaving a defined area.
این مقدار از حد نرمال فراتر رفت.
This amount went beyond the normal limit.
Uses 'farātar raft' (went beyond) for exceeding a norm.
زمان مطالعه من از دو ساعت تجاوز کرد.
My study time exceeded two hours.
Introduction of 'tajāvoz kard' in a simple past context.
این عدد از ده بزرگتر است.
This number is bigger than ten.
Simple comparison using 'bozorgtar ast' (is bigger).
او از حد حرفهایش گذشت.
He went beyond his words (promises).
Figurative usage of 'going beyond words'.
بودجه پروژه از مبلغ پیشبینی شده فراتر رفت.
The project's budget went beyond the predicted amount.
Uses 'farātar raft' and specifies the exceeded amount.
راننده به دلیل تجاوز از سرعت مجاز جریمه شد.
The driver was fined for exceeding the speed limit.
Uses the noun form 'tajāvoz' and the verb 'shodan' (to be).
این مقدار تولید از تقاضای بازار تجاوز کرده است.
This production amount has exceeded market demand.
Present perfect tense of 'tajāvoz kardan'.
میزان بارش در این ماه از میانگین سالانه تجاوز کرده است.
The amount of rainfall this month has exceeded the annual average.
Present perfect, comparing to an average.
او از تمام انتظارات ما فراتر عمل کرد.
He performed beyond all our expectations.
Uses 'farātar amal kard' (performed beyond).
قوانین جدید از اختیارات قبلی تجاوز میکنند.
The new laws exceed previous authorities.
Present tense, indicating ongoing exceeding of powers.
این پدیده از محدوده درک ما تجاوز میکند.
This phenomenon goes beyond our understanding.
Present tense, used for abstract concepts.
هزینهها از بودجه اولیه تجاوز کرد.
The costs exceeded the initial budget.
Simple past tense of 'tajāvoz kardan'.
نرخ تورم از ۱۰ درصد تجاوز کرده و به ۱۲ درصد رسیده است.
The inflation rate has exceeded 10 percent and reached 12 percent.
Present perfect, specifying the exceeded threshold and the new value.
این شرکت با نوآوریهای خود از رقبای سنتی خود فراتر رفته است.
This company, with its innovations, has gone beyond its traditional competitors.
Uses 'farātar rafteh ast' for surpassing competitors through innovation.
میزان مصرف انرژی در این منطقه از حد پایدار تجاوز کرده است.
The energy consumption in this region has exceeded the sustainable limit.
Present perfect, referring to sustainability.
حقوق کارگران باید از حداقل تعیین شده توسط قانون تجاوز کند.
Workers' wages must exceed the minimum set by law.
Subjunctive mood, indicating a requirement.
این اثر هنری از مرزهای سبکی خود فراتر رفته و سبکی جدید را معرفی کرده است.
This work of art has gone beyond its stylistic boundaries and introduced a new style.
Uses 'farātar rafteh' for artistic innovation.
آنچه او در این امتحان انجام داد، از حداکثر توانایی او تجاوز کرد.
What he did on this exam exceeded his maximum capability.
Past tense, referring to exceeding personal limits.
این فناوری پتانسیل آن را دارد که از محدودیتهای فعلی فراتر رود.
This technology has the potential to go beyond current limitations.
Future potential using 'potensial rā dārad' and 'farātar ravad'.
گزارشها حاکی از آن است که تعداد قربانیان از پیشبینیها تجاوز کرده است.
Reports indicate that the number of victims has exceeded predictions.
Uses 'hākī az ān ast ke' (reports indicate that).
اقدامات اتخاذ شده توسط دولت، از اختیارات قانونی خود فراتر رفته و منجر به انتقادات گستردهای شده است.
The measures taken by the government have gone beyond their legal authority and have led to widespread criticism.
Complex sentence structure, using 'etikhāz shodeh' (taken) and 'manjar beh' (led to).
این اثر ادبی، با پرداختن به مضامین پیچیده، از چارچوبهای روایی سنتی فراتر میرود و تجربهای نوآورانه برای خواننده فراهم میآورد.
This literary work, by addressing complex themes, goes beyond traditional narrative frameworks and provides an innovative experience for the reader.
Elevated vocabulary, abstract concepts, present tense for ongoing characteristic.
تحلیل دادهها نشان میدهد که روند رشد اقتصادی در فصل گذشته، تمامی پیشبینیهای محافظهکارانه را درنوردیده و به سطوح بیسابقهای رسیده است.
Data analysis indicates that the economic growth trend last quarter has surpassed all conservative predictions and reached unprecedented levels.
Formal vocabulary ('tahlil-e dādeh-hā', 'ravand-e roshd-e eqtesādi', 'pishbini-hā-ye mohāfezekārāneh', 'bi-sābeqeh-i'), using 'dar navardideh' (surpassed/overcome).
قلمرو علم امروز به گونهای گسترش یافته که از مرزهای دانش بشری پیشین تجاوز کرده و پرسشهای بنیادین جدیدی را مطرح میسازد.
The realm of science today has expanded in such a way that it has gone beyond the boundaries of previous human knowledge and raises new fundamental questions.
Philosophical and scientific context, using 'qalamrov' (realm) and 'bonyādin' (fundamental).
این اکتشاف علمی، با پیامدهای گسترده خود، نه تنها دانش موجود را به چالش کشیده، بلکه از تصورات پیشین ما نیز فراتر رفته است.
This scientific discovery, with its extensive implications, has not only challenged existing knowledge but has also gone beyond our previous conceptions.
Complex sentence structure, 'na tanhā... balheh' (not only... but also), 'be chesh-gir keshideh' (challenged).
توانایی او در حل مسئله، از سطح مهارتهای معمول همکارانش تجاوز میکند و او را به یک دارایی ارزشمند تبدیل کرده است.
His ability to solve problems exceeds the skill level of his usual colleagues and has made him a valuable asset.
Focus on personal ability, 'dāran-de-ye arzesh' (valuable asset).
فرهنگ غالب در جامعه، گاهی اوقات از ارزشهای فردی فراتر رفته و انتظارات جمعی را بر افراد تحمیل میکند.
The dominant culture in society sometimes goes beyond individual values and imposes collective expectations on individuals.
Sociological context, 'farhang-e ghalib' (dominant culture), 'tahmil mikonad' (imposes).
پیشرفتهای حاصل شده در زمینه هوش مصنوعی، مرزهای آنچه را که قبلاً ممکن تصور میشد، درنوردیده است.
The advancements made in the field of artificial intelligence have surpassed the boundaries of what was previously thought possible.
Focus on technological advancement, 'dar navardideh ast' (has surpassed).
جامعه بشری همواره در تلاش بوده است تا از محدودیتهای زیستمحیطی و فیزیکی خود فراتر رفته و به افقهای جدیدی دست یابد.
Human society has always strived to go beyond its environmental and physical limitations and reach new horizons.
Philosophical and existential theme, 'hamvāreh dar talāsh budeh ast' (has always strived).
این اثر فلسفی، با طرح پرسشهای رادیکال، از پارادایمهای فکری رایج تجاوز کرده و بنیانهای معرفتشناختی ما را به چالش میکشد.
This philosophical work, by posing radical questions, transcends common intellectual paradigms and challenges our epistemological foundations.
Highly academic and abstract, 'radikāl', 'parādaym-hā-ye fekri', 'bonyān-hā-ye ma'refat-shenākhti'.
تکنولوژیهای نوظهور، پتانسیل آن را دارند که نه تنها از نیازهای کنونی بشر فراتر روند، بلکه چشمانداز آینده تمدن را نیز دگرگون سازند.
Emerging technologies have the potential not only to go beyond current human needs but also to transform the future landscape of civilization.
Complex sentence structure, focus on transformative potential, 'cheshm-andāz' (landscape/vision).
درک ما از واقعیت، همواره در معرض تحول بوده و این تحولات اغلب از مرزهای ادراک حسی ما تجاوز کرده است.
Our understanding of reality has always been in flux, and these transformations have often gone beyond the boundaries of our sensory perception.
Epistemological and perceptual focus, 'dar ma'raz-e tahavvol budeh' (been in flux), 'edrāk-e hessi' (sensory perception).
هنرمند با جسارتی ستودنی، از هنجارهای زیباییشناختی متعارف تجاوز کرده و بیانی شخصی و بدیع را به نمایش گذاشته است.
The artist, with admirable boldness, has transcended conventional aesthetic norms and displayed a personal and original expression.
Artistic critique, 'jesārat-e setūdeni' (admirable boldness), 'hanjār-hā-ye zibāyi-shenākhti-ye mota'āref' (conventional aesthetic norms), 'badī' (original/novel).
پیشرفتهای اخیر در علم ژنتیک، مرزهای اخلاقی و اجتماعی پیچیدهای را مطرح کرده است که از حیطه درک عمومی فراتر میرود.
Recent advances in genetic science have raised complex ethical and social boundaries that go beyond the scope of public understanding.
Bioethics and societal impact, 'hayte-ye derk-e omūmi' (scope of public understanding).
انقلاب صنعتی، با دگرگونی بنیادین در ساختارهای اجتماعی و اقتصادی، از هرگونه پیشبینی و تصور پیشین تجاوز کرد.
The Industrial Revolution, with its fundamental transformation of social and economic structures, surpassed any prior prediction or imagination.
Historical context, 'digergūni-ye bonyādin' (fundamental transformation), 'sākhtār-hā-ye ejtemā'i va eqtesādi'.
درک ما از زمان و فضا، که توسط نظریههای کوانتومی به چالش کشیده شده، از تصورات کلاسیک ما فراتر رفته است.
Our understanding of time and space, challenged by quantum theories, has gone beyond our classical conceptions.
Physics and philosophy, 'nazariyeh-hā-ye kuāntumi', 'tasavvūrāt-e kelāsik'.
Common Collocations
Common Phrases
— To exceed the budget.
متأسفانه، هزینههای ساخت و ساز از بودجه اولیه تجاوز کرد.
— To cross ethical boundaries.
رفتار او از مرزهای اخلاقی جامعه تجاوز کرد.
— To exceed the usual amount/limit.
مصرف آب در این فصل از حد معمول تجاوز کرده است.
Often Confused With
'Afzāyesh yāftan' means 'to increase.' While exceeding a limit implies an increase, 'tajāvoz kardan' specifically means crossing a pre-defined boundary. An increase might not necessarily be an 'exceeding' if no limit was set or crossed.
'Bishtar shodan' means 'to become more.' Similar to 'afzāyesh yāftan,' it indicates an increase but lacks the specific connotation of crossing a boundary that 'tajāvoz kardan' carries.
'Obūr kardan' means 'to pass' or 'to cross.' While it can be used for physical crossing (e.g., passing a point), 'tajāvoz kardan' is used for exceeding abstract limits, quantities, or rules.
Idioms & Expressions
— To overdo something; to push something too far.
او در انتقاد از دوستش، کار را از حد گذراند.
Informal— To go out of bounds; to be excessive or inappropriate.
شوخیهای او گاهی از حد بیرون میزند.
Informal— To become unusual; to deviate from the norm.
قیمتها به طور ناگهانی از حد معمول خارج شدند.
Neutral— To exceed expectations; to perform exceptionally well.
شاگرد جدید در امتحانات از حد انتظار فراتر رفت.
Neutral— To exceed one's capacity or ability; to be too much to handle.
این حجم از کار از حد توان من گذشت.
Neutral— To be more than necessary; to be excessive.
این مقدار غذا از حد لازم بیشتر بود.
Neutral— To violate the law; to act illegally.
هرگونه عمل از حد قانون تجاوز کند، پیگرد قانونی خواهد داشت.
Formal/Legal— To go beyond the usual limits or standards.
این پدیده از حد معمول فراتر رفته است.
Neutral— To lose moderation; to become extreme.
در بحثها، گاهی از حد اعتدال خارج میشویم.
Neutral— To become unimaginable; to exceed all imagination.
پیشرفت تکنولوژی از حد تصور ما درآمده است.
NeutralEasily Confused
Both mean 'to go beyond' or 'to exceed'.
'Tajāvoz kardan' often implies crossing a boundary or limit, sometimes with a negative connotation of transgression. 'Farātar raftan' is more general and can be used for exceeding expectations or going further in a positive or neutral sense. For example, 'He exceeded expectations' is better translated as 'او از انتظارات فراتر رفت' than 'او از انتظارات تجاوز کرد', though the latter is also possible.
او از حد مجاز سرعت تجاوز کرد. (He exceeded the speed limit - implies a violation.) او از انتظارات ما فراتر رفت. (He went beyond our expectations - positive.)
Both refer to exceeding a limit.
'Tajāvoz kardan' is a verb phrase, while 'az hadd gozashtan' is a phrasal verb. 'Az hadd gozashtan' is often more direct and can sound slightly more informal than 'tajāvoz kardan' when referring to concrete limits. The meaning is very similar. 'Tajāvoz kardan' can sometimes carry a stronger sense of transgression.
میزان صدا از حد تحمل گذشت. (The noise level went beyond tolerance.) میزان صدا از حد تحمل تجاوز کرد. (The noise level exceeded the limit of tolerance.)
Both indicate an increase.
'Bishtar shodan' simply means 'to become more' or 'to increase.' It does not necessarily imply crossing a specific, predefined limit or boundary. 'Tajāvoz kardan' specifically means to go beyond a set limit, standard, or expectation. An increase might not be an 'exceeding' if no limit was defined or breached.
قیمتها بیشتر شد. (Prices increased - general statement.) قیمتها از حد انتظار تجاوز کرد. (Prices exceeded expectations - specific crossing of a threshold.)
Both imply infringement or going beyond boundaries.
'Tajāvoz kardan' is broader and can refer to exceeding quantities, expectations, or limits. 'Ta'addi kardan' is generally more formal and often carries a stronger connotation of encroachment, infringement, or violation, especially in legal or ethical contexts. It implies a more direct act of transgression against rights or territory.
او از حد مجاز سرعت تجاوز کرد. (He exceeded the speed limit - general.) او به حریم شخصی همسایه تعدی کرد. (He encroached upon his neighbor's personal space - implies violation of rights.)
Both can imply surpassing something.
'Sebhqat gereftan' primarily means 'to overtake' in a race or competition. It has a competitive connotation. While it can be used metaphorically to mean surpassing others in achievement, 'tajāvoz kardan' is more about exceeding a specific limit or quantity rather than outperforming rivals directly.
او در مسابقه از همه سبقت گرفت. (He overtook everyone in the race - competitive.) این پروژه از بودجه تعیین شده تجاوز کرد. (This project exceeded the allocated budget - not competitive.)
Sentence Patterns
Subject + از + Limit + [Verb: تجاوز کردن/فراتر رفتن/گذشتن] (Past Tense)
ماشین از سرعت مجاز گذشت.
Subject + از + Limit + [Verb: تجاوز کرده است] (Present Perfect)
میزان بارش از میانگین سالانه تجاوز کرده است.
Subject + از + Limit + [Verb: فراتر رفت] (Past Tense)
او از انتظارات ما فراتر رفت.
Subject + از + Limit + [Verb: تجاوز کرده است] + و ...
نرخ تورم از ۱۰ درصد تجاوز کرده و به ۱۲ درصد رسیده است.
Subject + [Verb: فراتر رفته است] + با ...
این شرکت با نوآوریهای خود از رقبای سنتی خود فراتر رفته است.
Subject + از + Limit + [Verb: فراتر میرود] + و ...
این اثر ادبی، از چارچوبهای روایی سنتی فراتر میرود و تجربهای نوآورانه فراهم میآورد.
Subject + [Verb: تجاوز کرده است] + که منجر به ... شده است.
اقدامات اتخاذ شده از اختیارات قانونی فراتر رفته که منجر به انتقادات گستردهای شده است.
Subject + از + Limit + [Verb: تجاوز کرده است] + و ...
درک ما از واقعیت، از مرزهای ادراک حسی ما تجاوز کرده است.
Word Family
Nouns
Verbs
Related
How to Use It
High, especially in news, financial reports, and discussions about rules and limits.
-
Forgetting the preposition 'az' (از).
→
او از حد مجاز سرعت تجاوز کرد.
The preposition 'az' is crucial for indicating what limit or quantity was exceeded. Omitting it makes the sentence grammatically incorrect or ambiguous.
-
Using 'tajāvoz kardan' for any increase.
→
قیمتها بیشتر شد.
'Tajāvoz kardan' means to exceed a specific limit or boundary. For a general increase, use 'bishtar shodan' (to become more) or 'afzāyesh yāftan' (to increase).
-
Using 'tajāvoz kardan' for positive achievements instead of 'farātar raftan'.
→
او از انتظارات ما فراتر رفت.
While 'tajāvoz kardan' can sometimes mean exceeding expectations, 'farātar raftan' is generally preferred for positive achievements as it carries a less negative connotation.
-
Incorrect conjugation of 'kardan'.
→
من از بودجه تجاوز کردم.
The verb 'kardan' must be conjugated correctly according to the subject and tense. Forgetting this leads to grammatical errors.
-
Confusing 'tajāvoz kardan' with 'obūr kardan' (to pass).
→
قطار از ایستگاه عبور کرد.
'Obūr kardan' is used for physically passing a point or location. 'Tajāvoz kardan' is used for exceeding abstract limits, quantities, or rules.
Tips
The Crucial 'Az' (از)
Remember to use the preposition 'az' (از) when specifying what has been exceeded. It acts as 'than' or 'from' in this context, linking the action of exceeding to the limit. For example: 'او از حد مجاز تجاوز کرد.'
Synonym Spotlight: فراتر رفتن
For positive or neutral situations where someone or something has gone beyond limits or expectations, 'فراتر رفتن' (farātar raftan - to go beyond) is often a more suitable and less potentially negative synonym than 'tajāvoz kardan'.
Visual Association
Imagine a red line (the limit) on a graph, and a blue line going significantly above it. The blue line is 'tajāvoz kardan' (exceeding) the red line. This visual can help reinforce the meaning of crossing a boundary.
Mastering 'Tajāvoz'
Practice the 'j' sound in 'tajāvoz,' which is similar to the 's' in 'measure' or 'pleasure,' not the 'j' in 'jump.' Also, pay attention to the vowel lengths to distinguish it from similar-sounding words.
Sentence Building
Try creating sentences using تجاوز کردن in different tenses (past, present perfect, future) and with various types of limits (speed, budget, expectations). This active practice will solidify your understanding.
Respecting Boundaries
In Persian culture, respecting limits and boundaries is generally valued. While 'tajāvoz kardan' can describe positive breakthroughs, its common usage often carries a cautionary note about not overstepping acceptable norms.
Confusing with General Increase
Don't use تجاوز کردن for any increase. It specifically implies crossing a defined limit or threshold. For general increases, use verbs like 'afzāyesh yāftan' (to increase) or 'bishtar shodan' (to become more).
Formal and Legal Contexts
In formal or legal settings, 'tajāvoz kardan' can imply a serious infringement or violation. Be mindful of this graver meaning when encountering the word in such contexts.
Exploring 'Hadd' and 'Marz'
Understanding related words like 'hadd' (حد - limit) and 'marz' (مرز - border) can deepen your comprehension of 'tajāvoz kardan' as it inherently relates to these concepts of boundaries.
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Imagine a car driver (tajāvoz) who is going too fast and 'kardan' (doing) the action of breaking the speed limit. The 'taj' sound can remind you of 'tachometer' in a car, showing speed. The 'voz' sound might make you think of 'voice' - perhaps the police voice telling you to slow down because you've exceeded the limit.
Visual Association
Picture a red line on a graph that is being crossed by a blue line, with a big 'X' over the red line indicating it has been exceeded. Or, imagine a person literally stepping over a low fence (a boundary).
Word Web
Challenge
Try to use 'tajāvoz kardan' in sentences describing at least three different types of limits: a numerical one (like budget), a physical one (like a speed limit), and an abstract one (like expectations).
Word Origin
The word 'tajāvoz' (تجاوز) comes from the Arabic root ج-و-ز (j-w-z), which relates to passing, crossing, or going beyond. The verb 'kardan' (کردن) is a native Persian verb meaning 'to do' or 'to make.' Thus, 'tajāvoz kardan' literally means 'to do/make a crossing beyond.'
Original meaning: To pass over, to cross beyond.
Persian (derived from Arabic roots)Cultural Context
Be aware that in certain contexts, 'tajāvoz kardan' can refer to assault or violation, carrying a very serious and negative connotation. When discussing exceeding limits of quantity or expectation, the context is usually clear and less sensitive.
In English, 'to exceed' is a direct translation, and phrases like 'going over the limit,' 'surpassing expectations,' or 'breaking the rules' convey similar meanings. The context determines whether it's positive or negative.
Practice in Real Life
Real-World Contexts
Finance and Budgeting
- از بودجه تجاوز کردن
- از پیشبینی فراتر رفتن
- هزینهها بیشتر شد
Traffic and Speed
- از سرعت مجاز تجاوز کردن
- از حد مجاز فراتر رفتن
- سرعت بالاتر از حد تعیین شده
Performance and Expectations
- از حد انتظار فراتر رفتن
- عملکرد بهتر از پیشبینی
- توقعات را برآورده کردن (not exceeding, but meeting)
Physical Limits and Tolerance
- از حد تحمل تجاوز کردن
- از حد معمول فراتر رفتن
- بیشتر از حد لازم
Abstract Concepts (time, knowledge, ethics)
- از مرزهای اخلاقی تجاوز کردن
- از دانش پیشین فراتر رفتن
- زمان از حد تعیین شده گذشت
Conversation Starters
"آیا تا به حال پیش آمده که هزینههایتان از بودجه اولیه شما تجاوز کند؟ چگونه با آن کنار آمدید؟"
"چه موقع احساس کردید که کاری از حد توان شما فراتر رفته است؟"
"به نظر شما، چه عواملی باعث میشود افراد از حد مجاز در رفتار خود تجاوز کنند؟"
"آیا موافقید که گاهی اوقات 'فراتر رفتن از انتظارات' میتواند فشار زیادی ایجاد کند؟"
"در مورد موقعیتی صحبت کنید که در آن، افزایش یک مقدار (مثلاً دما یا قیمت) از حد معمول فراتر رفت."
Journal Prompts
امروز چه چیزی در زندگی من از حد انتظارم فراتر رفت؟ آیا این اتفاق مثبت بود یا منفی؟
چه محدودیتهایی در زندگی دارم که احساس میکنم باید از آنها فراتر روم؟ چگونه میتوانم این کار را انجام دهم؟
آیا تا به حال از نظر اخلاقی یا قانونی از حدی تجاوز کردهام؟ اگر بله، چه اتفاقی افتاد و چه درسی گرفتم؟
بهترین یا بدترین تجربهام در مورد 'فراتر رفتن از حد مجاز' چه بوده است؟
چگونه میتوانم در زندگیام تعادل را حفظ کنم و از 'زیادهروی' یا 'تجاوز' در کارها و روابطم جلوگیری کنم؟
Frequently Asked Questions
10 questionsBoth 'tajāvoz kardan' and 'farātar raftan' mean 'to exceed' or 'to go beyond'. 'Tajāvoz kardan' often implies crossing a specific limit or boundary, sometimes with a negative connotation of transgression or violation. 'Farātar raftan' is more general and can be used for exceeding expectations, going further, or surpassing something in a neutral or positive way. For example, 'He exceeded the speed limit' is usually 'او از سرعت مجاز تجاوز کرد', while 'He exceeded our expectations' is often 'او از انتظارات ما فراتر رفت'.
You almost always use 'az' when specifying what has been exceeded. 'Az' acts like 'than' or 'from' in English, indicating the limit or quantity that was surpassed. For example, 'او از حد مجاز سرعت تجاوز کرد' (He exceeded the speed limit - literally: He exceeded *from* the permissible limit of speed).
Yes, but it's less common than for negative situations. While 'tajāvoz kardan' can mean exceeding expectations, phrases like 'farātar raftan' (to go beyond) are often preferred for positive achievements to avoid any negative connotations. For example, 'او از انتظارات ما فراتر رفت' (He went beyond our expectations) sounds more positive than 'او از انتظارات ما تجاوز کرد'.
'Tajāvoz' means 'transgression' or 'exceeding,' and 'kardan' means 'to do' or 'to make.' So, literally, it means 'to do/make a transgression' or 'to exceed.'
Yes, other similar verbs include 'farātar raftan' (to go beyond), 'az hadd gozashtan' (to pass the limit), and 'bishtar shodan' (to become more). 'Ta'addi kardan' (to infringe) is also related but often more formal and implies a violation of rights.
Not always, but it often carries a cautionary or negative undertone because it implies crossing a boundary that was perhaps set for a reason. When referring to exceeding positive expectations, 'farātar raftan' is often a better choice. However, in contexts like scientific discovery, exceeding previous knowledge can be seen positively.
It's a compound verb. You conjugate the verb 'kardan' according to tense, person, and number. For example, in the past tense: 'man tajāvoz kardam' (I exceeded), 'to tajāvoz kardi' (you exceeded), 'u tajāvoz kard' (he/she exceeded).
Common contexts include discussions about budgets exceeding limits, speed limits being exceeded, production surpassing demand, or performance going beyond expectations. It's frequently heard in news reports and financial discussions.
Yes, the noun form is 'tajāvoz' (تجاوز), which means 'transgression,' 'infringement,' or 'exceeding.'
A common mistake is not using the preposition 'az' (از) correctly, or forgetting it altogether. The structure is usually 'Subject + az + Limit + tajāvoz kardan'.
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Summary
<strong>تجاوز کردن (tajāvoz kardan)</strong> means to exceed or go beyond a limit, quantity, or boundary. It's often used with the preposition 'az' (از) to specify what was exceeded, like 'از حد مجاز' (az hadd-e mojāzz - beyond the limit).
- To go over a limit or amount.
- Surpassing a boundary or expectation.
- Crossing a threshold, often negatively.
- Exceeding a specified quantity or standard.
Context is Key
Always consider the context when using تجاوز کردن. While it generally means 'to exceed,' the implication can range from a neutral statement of fact (e.g., exceeding a quantity) to a negative one (e.g., exceeding a speed limit, breaking a rule) or even a positive one (exceeding expectations, though 'farātar raftan' is often preferred for this).
The Crucial 'Az' (از)
Remember to use the preposition 'az' (از) when specifying what has been exceeded. It acts as 'than' or 'from' in this context, linking the action of exceeding to the limit. For example: 'او از حد مجاز تجاوز کرد.'
Synonym Spotlight: فراتر رفتن
For positive or neutral situations where someone or something has gone beyond limits or expectations, 'فراتر رفتن' (farātar raftan - to go beyond) is often a more suitable and less potentially negative synonym than 'tajāvoz kardan'.
Visual Association
Imagine a red line (the limit) on a graph, and a blue line going significantly above it. The blue line is 'tajāvoz kardan' (exceeding) the red line. This visual can help reinforce the meaning of crossing a boundary.
Example
راننده از سرعت مجاز تجاوز کرده بود.
Related Content
More numbers words
اعشار
B1Decimal, decimal point.
اعشاری
B1Decimal, pertaining to decimals.
عددنویسی
B1Numeration; the process of assigning or expressing numbers.
عددی
B1Numerical, pertaining to numbers.
عدم دقت
B1Inaccuracy or imprecision; the state of being inexact.
عرضی
B1Width-wise or transverse; pertaining to width.
اضافه
B1Addition, excess, surplus.
افزایش یافتن
B1To increase (intransitive); to grow in size or amount.
افزایشی
B1Increasing, incremental, growing.
آمار
B1Statistics, census, data.
