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शिक्षण

A2 noun #1,500 most common 8 min read

शिक्षण

Teaching, the profession of a teacher.

shikshan Top 1,500

At the A1 level, you should recognize 'Shikshan' as a formal word for 'teaching'. You might see it on school signs or in basic introductions about professions. It is related to the word 'Shikshak' (teacher) which you likely already know. At this stage, just remember that it refers to the act of teaching in a school setting. You don't need to use it in complex sentences yet; just identifying it as 'teaching' is enough. It is a masculine noun, so we say 'Achchha Shikshan'. Most of the time, you will use the simpler verb 'Padhana' to say 'to teach'. Think of 'Shikshan' as the official name of the job that a teacher does. For example, 'Shikshan mera kaam hai' (Teaching is my work).

At the A2 level, you can start using 'Shikshan' in simple formal contexts. You should understand that it is different from 'Shiksha' (education). Use 'Shikshan' when you want to sound a bit more professional, like when talking about a school's quality or a teacher's method. You can form basic sentences like 'Shikshan ka tarika' (method of teaching) or 'Shikshan samagri' (teaching material). You will encounter this word in news headlines about schools or in your Hindi textbook. It is important to notice that it is a 'Tatsam' word (derived directly from Sanskrit), which gives it a formal tone. Practice using it with the verb 'karna' (to do) to describe someone's profession in a formal way.

At the B1 level, you should be comfortable using 'Shikshan' in discussions about educational systems. You can use it to compare different teaching styles, such as 'Paramparagat shikshan' (traditional teaching) versus 'Adhunik shikshan' (modern teaching). You should also be aware of compound words like 'Shikshan-Sansthan' (educational institution). At this level, you can express opinions about the quality of teaching in your country using this word. You will hear it in radio broadcasts or see it in newspaper articles discussing government policies. It's a great word to use in a job interview if you are applying for a role in education, as it shows a higher level of vocabulary than just saying 'padhana'.

At the B2 level, 'Shikshan' becomes a tool for more nuanced academic and professional communication. You should be able to discuss 'Shikshan-Shastra' (pedagogy) and the psychological aspects of teaching. You can use the word to describe complex concepts like 'Antah-kriyaatmak shikshan' (interactive teaching). At this stage, you should also distinguish it clearly from 'Prashikshan' (training) and 'Adhyapan' (instruction). You might use it in essays to discuss the socio-economic impact of teaching or the role of technology in 'Digital Shikshan'. You should be able to handle the word in various grammatical cases and understand its usage in formal reports and academic papers.

At the C1 level, you use 'Shikshan' with the precision of a native speaker in professional or academic settings. You can analyze the philosophical foundations of 'Shikshan' and its evolution in Indian history. You might engage in debates about 'Shikshan ki swayattata' (autonomy of teaching) or the ethics of the teaching profession. Your usage should reflect an understanding of the word's Sanskrit roots and its cultural weight. You can use it to critique educational policies or to write detailed research summaries. At this level, you are expected to know all the collocations and idioms associated with the word and use them naturally in high-level discourse, whether written or spoken.

At the C2 level, you have a complete mastery of 'Shikshan' and its place in the vast landscape of Hindi literature and formal administration. You can use the word to discuss the most abstract and complex educational theories. You might use it in literary criticism or when drafting legal and policy documents. You understand the subtle differences in tone when 'Shikshan' is used instead of 'Adhyapan' in various historical periods. You can speak eloquently about the 'Shikshan-Darshan' (philosophy of teaching) of great Indian thinkers. Your command over the word allows you to use it in any context, from a formal state address to a deep philosophical treatise, with perfect grammatical and stylistic accuracy.

Practice it Examples Notes & Tips

शिक्षण in 30 Seconds

Shikshan is the formal Hindi word for 'teaching'.
It is a masculine noun used in schools and professional settings.
It differs from 'Shiksha' (education) as it focuses on the act of instruction.
Commonly paired with 'karya' (work) or 'vidhi' (method).

The word शिक्षण (Shikshan) is a cornerstone of the Hindi language, primarily denoting the act, process, or profession of teaching. Derived from the Sanskrit root 'Shiksh' (शिक्ष), which means to learn or to provide instruction, it encompasses the systematic transfer of knowledge from an educator to a student. While often used interchangeably with 'education' in casual conversation, it specifically targets the pedagogical aspect—the 'how' and 'what' of the instructional delivery. In a formal context, it refers to the methodology of teaching and the professional practice within academic institutions.

Grammatical Category: Masculine Noun (पुल्लिंग संज्ञा)
Core Concept: The systematic methodology of imparting knowledge and skills.
Etymological Root: Sanskrit 'Shiksh' (to learn/teach) + 'ana' suffix denoting action.

अच्छे शिक्षण के बिना समाज की प्रगति संभव नहीं है। (Progress of society is not possible without good teaching.)

To understand 'Shikshan' deeply, one must distinguish it from Shiksha (Education). While Shiksha is the broad result or the system, Shikshan is the specific activity performed by the Shikshak (Teacher). It involves planning, delivery, and assessment. In modern Hindi, it is frequently used in technical terms like 'Shikshan-Vidhi' (Teaching Method) or 'Shikshan-Sansthan' (Educational Institution). It implies a formal structure, unlike 'Sikhana' which can be informal. For instance, a mother 'teaches' (sikhati hai) a child to walk, but a professor provides 'teaching' (shikshan) in a university.

डिजिटल शिक्षण आज की आवश्यकता है। (Digital teaching is the need of the hour.)

Synonym Focus: Adhyapan (अध्यापन) - Often used as a high-register synonym for formal instruction.

In the context of competitive exams or government notifications in India, you will see 'Shikshan' used to define eligibility criteria for teachers. It carries a weight of authority and professionalism. It is not just the act of speaking; it is the art of ensuring the student understands. The word reflects the ancient Indian tradition where the Guru-Shishya relationship was built on the foundation of rigorous 'Shikshan'.

वह शिक्षण के क्षेत्र में अपना करियर बनाना चाहता है। (He wants to make a career in the field of teaching.)

प्रभावी शिक्षण के लिए धैर्य आवश्यक है। (Patience is essential for effective teaching.)

Historically, 'Shikshan' was oral. Today, it spans across screens and physical classrooms. It remains one of the most respected nouns in Hindi, linked directly to the Sanskrit heritage of knowledge seeking. Whether it's 'Prathmik Shikshan' (Primary Teaching) or 'Uchcha Shikshan' (Higher Teaching), the word maintains its formal integrity across all levels of the CEFR scale.

Using शिक्षण correctly requires understanding its role as a formal noun. It is rarely used in slang or very casual street Hindi. Instead, it thrives in professional, academic, and administrative environments. To use it effectively, you should pair it with verbs like 'karna' (to do) or 'dena' (to give), though 'karna' is more common when referring to the profession.

Common Verb Pairings: शिक्षण कार्य (Teaching work), शिक्षण देना (To provide instruction), शिक्षण प्राप्त करना (To receive instruction).

वह पिछले दस वर्षों से शिक्षण कार्य में लगा हुआ है। (He has been engaged in teaching work for the last ten years.)

When describing a person's profession, you can say 'Unka pesha shikshan hai' (Their profession is teaching). Note that 'Shikshan' is the abstract noun for the activity. If you want to say 'I am teaching,' you would typically use the verb form 'Padha raha hoon' (पढ़ा रहा हूँ) rather than 'Shikshan kar raha hoon,' unless you are speaking very formally about your professional duties.

मातृभाषा में शिक्षण अधिक प्रभावी होता है। (Teaching in the mother tongue is more effective.)

In compound constructions, 'Shikshan' often acts as a modifier. For example, 'Shikshan-Samagri' (Teaching material) or 'Shikshan-Prashikshan' (Teacher training). These terms are ubiquitous in the Indian education sector. If you are writing an essay or a formal letter regarding schools, these compounds will make your Hindi sound more authentic and sophisticated.

Sentence Structure: [Subject] + [Context/Medium] + में + शिक्षण + [Verb]. Example: 'वह ऑनलाइन माध्यम में शिक्षण करता है।'

स्कूलों में शिक्षण का स्तर गिर रहा है। (The level of teaching in schools is falling.)

इस संस्थान का शिक्षण शुल्क बहुत अधिक है। (The tuition/teaching fee of this institute is very high.)

Finally, remember that 'Shikshan' is a 'Sanskritized' (Tatsam) word. In very simple Hindustani, people might just say 'Padhai-Likhai' (Studying-Writing) or 'Padhana' (Teaching). However, for any academic or official purpose, 'Shikshan' is the standard choice. It provides a sense of dignity to the profession of teaching.

You will encounter शिक्षण in several specific environments. The most common is within the walls of educational institutions—schools, colleges, and universities. It is the formal term used on signage, in prospectuses, and during staff meetings. When a principal addresses the faculty, they will likely discuss 'Shikshan ki gunvatta' (the quality of teaching).

Media & News: News reports on educational reforms, teacher strikes, or new curriculum standards frequently use this term.

समाचार: सरकार ने शिक्षण नीतियों में बड़े बदलाव किए हैं। (News: The government has made major changes in teaching policies.)

Another major source is government documentation. In India, the Ministry of Education (formerly HRD) uses 'Shikshan' in almost every policy document. If you are applying for a B.Ed (Bachelor of Education) or a teaching job (TET/CTET), the syllabus and the job description will be filled with this word. It represents the official terminology of the state.

यह संस्थान शिक्षण और अनुसंधान के लिए प्रसिद्ध है। (This institute is famous for teaching and research.)

In the corporate world, specifically in 'EdTech' (Education Technology), 'Shikshan' is used to add a layer of traditional credibility to modern apps. Marketing materials for learning apps often promise 'Behtar Shikshan' (Better Teaching). It bridges the gap between the ancient respect for learning and modern delivery methods.

Public Discourse: Debates on TV about the 'Right to Education' (Shiksha ka Adhikar) often pivot to the quality of 'Shikshan' in rural areas.

गाँवों में शिक्षण की स्थिति में सुधार की ज़रूरत है। (There is a need to improve the state of teaching in villages.)

क्या आप शिक्षण सामग्री तैयार कर सकते हैं? (Can you prepare the teaching material?)

Lastly, you will see it in literature and biographies of great thinkers like Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan or Savitribai Phule. Their lives are often described as a 'Shikshan-Yatra' (a journey of teaching). In these contexts, the word takes on a noble, almost spiritual quality, reflecting the high value Indian culture places on the dissemination of knowledge.

One of the most frequent errors learners make is confusing शिक्षण (Shikshan) with शिक्षा (Shiksha). While they are related, 'Shiksha' is 'Education' (the broad field or the result), whereas 'Shikshan' is 'Teaching' (the specific act). You 'get' an education (Shiksha prapt karna), but you 'do' teaching (Shikshan karna).

Mistake 1: Category Confusion: Incorrect: 'Mujhe shikshan pasand hai' (meaning I like being taught). Correct: 'Mujhe shiksha pasand hai' (I like education) or 'Mujhe shikshan karya pasand hai' (I like the work of teaching).

गलत: वह शिक्षण ले रहा है। (Wrong: He is taking teaching.) सही: वह शिक्षा ले रहा है। (Right: He is receiving education.)

Another mistake is using 'Shikshan' in informal settings where 'Padhana' (पढाना) or 'Sikhana' (सिखाना) would be much more natural. If you tell a friend, 'Main tumhe car ka shikshan doonga' (I will give you teaching of the car), it sounds incredibly robotic and strange. You should say, 'Main tumhe car chalana sikhaunga' (I will teach you to drive a car).

गलत: माँ मुझे खाना बनाने का शिक्षण दे रही है। (Wrong: Mom is giving me teaching of cooking.)

Learners also struggle with the gender of the word. Since it ends with 'an', many assume it's masculine (which is correct), but they sometimes treat it as feminine because 'Shiksha' is feminine. Remember: Shiksha (F) vs Shikshan (M). This affects the adjectives and verbs used with it.

Mistake 2: Gender Agreement: Incorrect: 'Achchhi shikshan' (F). Correct: 'Achchha shikshan' (M).

सही: शिक्षण का माध्यम हिंदी है। (The medium of teaching is Hindi.)

गलत: आपकी शिक्षण कैसी चल रही है? (Wrong: How is your teaching going? - using feminine 'kaisi')

Lastly, avoid using 'Shikshan' as a verb directly. You cannot say 'Main shikshanata hoon.' You must use it as a noun with a supporting verb: 'Main shikshan karya karta hoon.' This 'noun + verb' structure is a key feature of formal Hindi that many beginners overlook.

Hindi has a rich vocabulary for education, and शिक्षण often sits alongside several synonyms and related terms. Understanding the nuances between them will elevate your fluency. The most direct synonym is अध्यापन (Adhyapan), which also means teaching but is even more formal and Sanskrit-heavy.

Shikshan vs. Adhyapan: Shikshan is general 'teaching'; Adhyapan is often specifically used for university-level lecturing or scholarly instruction.

वह विश्वविद्यालय में अध्यापन करते हैं। (He teaches/lectures at the university.)

Another related word is प्रशिक्षण (Prashikshan). The prefix 'Pra-' adds the meaning of 'specialized' or 'intensive'. Therefore, Prashikshan means 'Training'. You use this for vocational skills, sports, or corporate training. While 'Shikshan' is for general knowledge, 'Prashikshan' is for specific skills.

सैनिकों को कठिन प्रशिक्षण दिया जाता है। (Soldiers are given tough training.)

Then there is पढ़ाना (Padhana), the common verb. This is what you will use 90% of the time in conversation. 'Main bachchon ko padhata hoon' (I teach children). It is versatile and works in both formal and informal contexts. 'Shikshan' is the academic noun version of this verb.

Summary of Differences: 1. Shikshan: Formal noun (Teaching). 2. Shiksha: General noun (Education). 3. Adhyapan: High-formal noun (Instruction/Lecturing). 4. Prashikshan: Specialized noun (Training). 5. Padhana: Common verb (To teach).

क्या आपको पढ़ाना अच्छा लगता है? (Do you like teaching?)

नया शिक्षण सत्र जुलाई से शुरू होगा। (The new teaching session will start from July.)

Finally, consider दीक्षा (Deeksha). While it also relates to learning, it is specifically 'initiation' or 'consecration', often in a spiritual or religious context. You wouldn't use it for a math class, but you might use it for a disciple joining a monastery. This shows the depth of Hindi's educational vocabulary.

How Formal Is It?

Formal

Informal

Difficulty Rating

Grammar to Know

Examples by Level

यह एक शिक्षण संस्थान है।

This is a teaching institution.

Masculine singular usage.

शिक्षण अच्छा है।

The teaching is good.

Simple subject-adjective agreement.

शिक्षण मेरा पेशा है।

Teaching is my profession.

Noun as a subject.

वह शिक्षण कार्य करता है।

He does teaching work.

Usage with 'karya' (work).

स्कूल में शिक्षण होता है।

Teaching happens in school.

General statement.

शिक्षण का समय क्या है?

What is the teaching time?

Possessive 'ka'.

मुझे शिक्षण पसंद है।

I like teaching.

Dative-like construction with 'pasand'.

शिक्षण कक्ष कहाँ है?

Where is the teaching room?

Compound noun 'Shikshan kaksh'.

शिक्षण की गुणवत्ता महत्वपूर्ण है।

The quality of teaching is important.

Abstract noun usage.

आज शिक्षण नहीं होगा।

There will be no teaching today.

Future tense negative.

शिक्षण सामग्री तैयार करें।

Prepare the teaching material.

Imperative sentence.

शिक्षण का माध्यम हिंदी है।

The medium of teaching is Hindi.

Defining a medium.

वह शिक्षण में माहिर है।

He is an expert in teaching.

Locative case 'mein'.

शिक्षण शुल्क जमा करें।

Deposit the teaching/tuition fee.

Formal administrative term.

नया शिक्षण सत्र शुरू हो गया।

The new teaching session has started.

Perfective aspect.

शिक्षण विधियाँ बदल रही हैं।

Teaching methods are changing.

Plural feminine 'vidhiyan'.

प्रभावी शिक्षण के लिए योजना बनाना ज़रूरी है।

Planning is necessary for effective teaching.

Purpose clause with 'ke liye'.

शिक्षण और शोध दोनों महत्वपूर्ण हैं।

Both teaching and research are important.

Coordination of nouns.

गाँवों में शिक्षण की स्थिति अच्छी नहीं है।

The state of teaching in villages is not good.

Complex possessive structure.

शिक्षण एक महान कार्य है।

Teaching is a noble task.

Attributive adjective 'mahan'.

ऑनलाइन शिक्षण के कई फायदे हैं।

Online teaching has many benefits.

Modern context.

शिक्षण के दौरान अनुशासन बनाए रखें।

Maintain discipline during teaching.

Postposition 'ke dauran'.

शिक्षण कौशल विकसित करना चाहिए।

One should develop teaching skills.

Modal 'chahiye'.

क्या आप शिक्षण के क्षेत्र में जाना चाहते हैं?

Do you want to go into the field of teaching?

Interrogative with 'kshetra'.

शिक्षण प्रक्रिया में छात्र की भागीदारी आवश्यक है।

Student participation is essential in the teaching process.

Academic terminology.

शिक्षण का मुख्य उद्देश्य सर्वांगीण विकास है।

The main objective of teaching is holistic development.

Formal philosophical goal.

शिक्षण-प्रशिक्षण कार्यक्रमों की संख्या बढ़ानी होगी।

The number of teacher-training programs will have to be increased.

Compound noun with 'prashikshan'.

शिक्षण में तकनीक का प्रयोग बढ़ रहा है।

The use of technology in teaching is increasing.

Continuous aspect.

शिक्षण की सफलता शिक्षक पर निर्भर करती है।

The success of teaching depends on the teacher.

Verb 'nirbhar karna'.

शिक्षण के प्रति उनका समर्पण सराहनीय है।

Their dedication towards teaching is commendable.

Postposition 'ke prati'.

शिक्षण सिद्धांतों को समझना कठिन हो सकता है।

Understanding teaching principles can be difficult.

Complex subject phrase.

शिक्षण में नवाचार की आवश्यकता है।

There is a need for innovation in teaching.

Abstract noun 'navachar'.

शिक्षण केवल सूचना देना नहीं, बल्कि चरित्र निर्माण है।

Teaching is not just giving information, but character building.

Contrastive conjunction 'balki'.

शिक्षण की स्वायत्तता पर बहस जारी है।

The debate on the autonomy of teaching continues.

Political/Academic discourse.

शिक्षण और अधिगम एक ही सिक्के के दो पहलू हैं।

Teaching and learning are two sides of the same coin.

Metaphorical usage.

शिक्षण में मनोवैज्ञानिक दृष्टिकोण का महत्व बढ़ गया है।

The importance of psychological perspective in teaching has increased.

Specialized vocabulary.

शिक्षण संस्थानों को अपनी जवाबदेही तय करनी होगी।

Teaching institutions will have to fix their accountability.

Administrative 'jawabdehi'.

शिक्षण की प्राचीन भारतीय पद्धति अनूठी थी।

The ancient Indian method of teaching was unique.

Historical reference.

शिक्षण में समावेशी दृष्टिकोण अपनाना अनिवार्य है।

It is mandatory to adopt an inclusive approach in teaching.

Legal/Policy tone.

शिक्षण के गिरते स्तर पर चिंता व्यक्त की गई है।

Concern has been expressed over the falling standards of teaching.

Passive construction.

शिक्षण का दार्शनिक आधार अत्यंत गहरा है।

The philosophical basis of teaching is extremely deep.

High-level abstract noun.

शिक्षण की सार्थकता छात्र के आत्म-साक्षात्कार में है।

The meaningfulness of teaching lies in the student's self-realization.

Spiritual/Philosophical context.

शिक्षण में वैश्वीकरण के प्रभावों का विश्लेषण आवश्यक है।

Analysis of the effects of globalization on teaching is necessary.

Socio-economic analysis.

शिक्षण की प्रविधि में आमूल-चूल परिवर्तन की दरकार है।

There is a need for radical changes in the methodology of teaching.

Idiomatic 'amul-chul'.

शिक्षण को मात्र जीविकोपार्जन का साधन नहीं मानना चाहिए।

Teaching should not be considered merely a means of livelihood.

Ethical/Moral argument.

शिक्षण की अंतर्निहित शक्तियों को पहचानना होगा।

The inherent powers of teaching must be recognized.

Metaphysical tone.

शिक्षण में वस्तुनिष्ठता और विषयनिष्ठता का संतुलन कठिन है।

Balancing objectivity and subjectivity in teaching is difficult.

Academic jargon.

शिक्षण की परंपरा अक्षुण्ण रहनी चाहिए।

The tradition of teaching should remain intact.

Sanskritized 'akshunn'.

Common Collocations

शिक्षण संस्थान (Teaching institution)

शिक्षण कार्य (Teaching work)

शिक्षण विधि (Teaching method)

शिक्षण सामग्री (Teaching material)

शिक्षण शुल्क (Teaching fee)

शिक्षण सत्र (Teaching session)

शिक्षण कौशल (Teaching skill)

प्राथमिक शिक्षण (Primary teaching)

उच्च शिक्षण (Higher teaching)

ऑनलाइन शिक्षण (Online teaching)

Common Phrases

शिक्षण में रुचि (Interest in teaching)

शिक्षण का स्तर (Level of teaching)

शिक्षण की गुणवत्ता (Quality of teaching)

शिक्षण का माध्यम (Medium of teaching)

शिक्षण और प्रशिक्षण (Teaching and training)

शिक्षण के प्रति समर्पण (Dedication to teaching)

प्रभावी शिक्षण (Effective teaching)

शिक्षण अनुभव (Teaching experience)

शिक्षण नीतियां (Teaching policies)

शिक्षण सहायक (Teaching assistant)

Often Confused With

शिक्षण vs शिक्षा (Shiksha) - Education (the system/result)

शिक्षण vs सिखाना (Sikhana) - To teach (informal verb)

शिक्षण vs सीखना (Seekhna) - To learn

Idioms & Expressions

Easily Confused

शिक्षण vs

Sentence Patterns

How to Use It

not a verb

Cannot be used as a standalone verb; requires 'karna' or similar.

professional only

Best reserved for professional or academic contexts.

Common Mistakes

Using 'Shikshan' as a feminine noun.
Confusing 'Shikshan' (teaching) with 'Shiksha' (education).
Using 'Shikshan' for informal skills like cooking.
Using 'Shikshan' as a verb without 'karna'.
Confusing 'Shikshan' with 'Prashikshan' (training).

Tips

Learn the Family

Learn Shikshak, Shiksha, and Shikshan together to see the pattern.

Gender Check

Always treat Shikshan as masculine. 'Achchha Shikshan', not 'Achchhi'.

School Context

Use this word when writing letters to a principal or school board.

Formal Tone

Use it to sound more educated during presentations or interviews.

Compound Words

Combine it with other nouns like 'samagri' or 'kaushal' for better flow.

News Watch

Listen for this word on DD News or educational podcasts.

Action Suffix

The '-an' suffix in Hindi often indicates an action (like 'chalan', 'shikshan').

Adhyapan

If you want to sound even more formal, try 'Adhyapan'.

Not for Dogs

Don't use Shikshan for training animals; use 'Prashikshan'.

Guru Respect

Understand that Shikshan is viewed as a service (Seva) in India.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Think of 'Shikshan' as the 'Action' of a 'Shikshak' (Teacher). The 'an' ending often denotes an action or process in Hindi/Sanskrit.

Word Origin

Sanskrit

Cultural Context

Using formal words like Shikshan shows respect for the educational process.

The traditional bond between teacher and student is central to the concept of Shikshan.

Practice in Real Life

Real-World Contexts

Conversation Starters

"आपका शिक्षण अनुभव कैसा रहा?"

"क्या आप शिक्षण को एक अच्छे करियर के रूप में देखते हैं?"

"आजकल ऑनलाइन शिक्षण के बारे में आपकी क्या राय है?"

"अच्छे शिक्षण के लिए सबसे ज़रूरी गुण क्या है?"

"क्या हमारे देश में शिक्षण का स्तर सुधर रहा है?"

Journal Prompts

मेरे जीवन का सबसे यादगार शिक्षण अनुभव।

यदि मैं शिक्षक होता, तो मेरा शिक्षण तरीका क्या होता?

आधुनिक युग में शिक्षण की चुनौतियाँ।

शिक्षण और तकनीक का संगम।

मेरे पसंदीदा शिक्षक और उनका शिक्षण कौशल।

Frequently Asked Questions

10 questions

Shiksha means 'Education' in a broad sense, while Shikshan specifically refers to the 'act of teaching' or 'instruction'.

It is a masculine noun. You should use masculine adjectives and verb forms with it.

It's better to use 'Prashikshan' (training) or 'Sikhana' for sports and specific skills.

Yes, it is very common in formal, academic, and official Hindi, but less so in daily casual slang.

It means 'Teaching Method' or 'Pedagogy'.

You would say 'Main shikshan karya kar raha hoon,' though 'Main padha raha hoon' is more natural.

The root is the Sanskrit word 'Shiksh', which relates to learning and instruction.

No, 'Shikshan' is teaching. 'Adhigam' or 'Seekhna' is learning.

Rarely, as it is quite formal. Most songs use 'Padhai' or 'Sikhana'.

It is a formal term for an 'Educational Institution' like a school or college.