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दिवालियापन

B2 noun 9 min read

दिवालियापन

divaliyapan

Practice it Examples Notes & Tips दिवालियापन in 30 Seconds

Explanation दिवालियापन in your Level:

At the A1 level, you don't need to use the word 'दिवालियापन' often, as it is quite advanced. However, you should know that it means having 'zero money' or 'failing in business.' In simple terms, think of it as 'no money left.' You might hear it in very basic news stories. At this stage, focus on the root 'दिवाली' (the festival of lights) and remember that this word sounds similar but describes a very sad financial situation. You can simply understand it as 'the state of being very, very poor because of losing a business.' If you want to say someone has no money, you usually say 'उसके पास पैसे नहीं हैं' (He has no money), but 'दिवालियापन' is the big, formal word for that state.

At the A2 level, you can start recognizing 'दिवालियापन' in newspapers or formal announcements. You should understand that the suffix '-pan' makes it a 'state' or 'quality.' Just like 'bachpan' is 'childhood,' 'divaliyapan' is 'the state of being bankrupt.' You can use it in simple sentences like 'The company has no money' (कंपनी के पास पैसा नहीं है) and recognize that 'दिवालियापन' is the formal name for this problem. You might see it in headlines like 'Company and Bankruptcy.' It's important to know it's a 'masculine' word, so we say 'उसका दिवालियापन' (his bankruptcy).

At the B1 level, you should be able to use 'दिवालियापन' in discussions about the economy or news. You understand that it specifically refers to the legal inability to pay back loans. You can start using it with verbs like 'घोषित करना' (to declare). For example, 'उसने दिवालियापन घोषित कर दिया' (He declared bankruptcy). You also begin to see how it differs from 'गरीबी' (poverty); while a poor person might not have money, a 'divaliya' person specifically owes money to others. This level is where you start to appreciate the gravity of the word in a commercial context.

At the B2 level, which is the target level for this word, you should use 'दिवालियापन' fluently in formal writing and debates. You should be able to discuss the 'Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code' (IBC) in Hindi and use the word in its metaphorical sense, such as 'नैतिक दिवालियापन' (moral bankruptcy). You understand the nuances between 'दिवाला' (the act) and 'दिवालियापन' (the formal state). You can construct complex sentences like 'The economic policies led the country toward bankruptcy.' You are also expected to know the correct gender (masculine) and how to use it with postpositions correctly (e.g., दिवालियापन के दुष्परिणाम - the bad consequences of bankruptcy).

At the C1 level, you use 'दिवालियापन' with stylistic precision. You can use it to critique literature, politics, or philosophy. You might talk about the 'intellectual bankruptcy' (बौद्धिक दिवालियापन) of a certain movement or the 'creative bankruptcy' (रचनात्मक दिवालियापन) of a film director. You understand the historical etymology of the word and how it relates to the cultural concept of 'Diwala.' You can write long essays on economic reforms where 'दिवालियापन' is a central theme, and you can distinguish it from highly technical terms like 'शोधन अक्षमता' (insolvency) in a legal argument.

At the C2 level, you have a masterly grasp of 'दिवालियापन.' You can use it in high-level legal, economic, or philosophical discourse. You might use it to describe the existential 'bankruptcy' of modern life or in complex legal interpretations of corporate law. You can navigate the subtle emotional connotations the word carries in different Indian social strata. You are comfortable using it in any register, from a formal Supreme Court summary to a high-level academic critique of a political ideology. You also know rare synonyms and can explain the evolution of bankruptcy laws in India using this terminology.

Practice it Examples Notes & Tips

दिवालियापन in 30 Seconds

दिवालियापन means bankruptcy or insolvency in Hindi.
It is a formal masculine noun derived from 'divaliya'.
It is used in legal, economic, and metaphorical contexts.
Commonly paired with 'ghoshit karna' (to declare) or 'kagar' (verge).

The Hindi word दिवालियापन (divāliyāpan) is an abstract noun that translates directly to 'bankruptcy' or 'insolvency' in English. It is derived from the word 'दिवालिया' (divāliyā), which means 'a bankrupt person.' In the linguistic structure of Hindi, the suffix '-pan' is often added to adjectives or nouns to create abstract concepts, similar to the English suffixes '-ness' or '-cy.' Therefore, while 'दिवाला' (divālā) refers to the act of going bust, दिवालियापन refers to the systemic state or the condition of being unable to meet financial obligations. This word carries a significant weight in both legal and social contexts within the Hindi-speaking world.

Legal Context: In modern India, this term is frequently heard in the context of the 'Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code' (IBC). It describes a legal status of a person or an entity that cannot repay the debts it owes to creditors.
Metaphorical Usage: Beyond finances, it is used to describe a total lack of a particular quality. For example, 'नैतिक दिवालियापन' (naitik divāliyāpan) refers to 'moral bankruptcy,' suggesting that a person or society has lost all ethical values.

भारी कर्ज के कारण कंपनी अब दिवालियापन की कगार पर खड़ी है। (Due to heavy debt, the company is now standing on the verge of bankruptcy.)

Historically, the term has a fascinating origin. It is said that in traditional Indian mercantile culture, when a trader's business failed and they could no longer pay their debts, they would light a lamp (diwa) in the daytime or leave it unlit in a specific manner to signal to the community that they were insolvent. This public admission of failure was called 'दिवाला निकलना' (divālā nikalnā). Over time, this evolved into the formal noun दिवालियापन. Today, you will encounter this word in news headlines discussing economic crises, corporate failures, or political debates where one party accuses another of 'intellectual bankruptcy' (वैचारिक दिवालियापन).

समाज में बढ़ते भ्रष्टाचार ने हमारे नैतिक दिवालियापन को उजागर कर दिया है। (The rising corruption in society has exposed our moral bankruptcy.)

Understanding this word requires recognizing its gravity. In Indian culture, financial integrity is highly valued, and the state of दिवालियापन was traditionally seen as a matter of great social shame (sharm). However, with the modernization of the Indian economy, the term has become more clinical and legalistic. It is now a standard part of business vocabulary used to describe restructuring and legal protections for debtors. When you hear it on news channels like NDTV India or BBC Hindi, it is usually in the context of large corporations failing to pay back bank loans (NPA issues).

Economic Context: Economic analysts use this term to describe the macroeconomic state of a nation if its foreign reserves are depleted, though 'आर्थिक संकट' (economic crisis) is more common for countries.

उसने दिवालियापन के लिए आवेदन किया है। (He has applied for bankruptcy.)

Using दिवालियापन correctly involves understanding its role as an abstract masculine noun. It typically functions as the object of a preposition or the subject of a sentence discussing a state of being. Because it is a formal word, it is often paired with verbs like 'घोषित करना' (to declare), 'झेलना' (to endure), or 'बचना' (to avoid).

Declaring Bankruptcy: The most common construction is 'दिवालियापन घोषित करना' (to declare bankruptcy). Example: 'कंपनी ने आधिकारिक तौर पर दिवालियापन घोषित कर दिया है।' (The company has officially declared bankruptcy.)
The Verge of Bankruptcy: To describe being close to this state, use 'दिवालियापन की कगार पर' (on the verge of bankruptcy). Example: 'वह व्यापार दिवालियापन की कगार पर है।' (That business is on the verge of bankruptcy.)

सरकार ने दिवालियापन कानून में बड़े बदलाव किए हैं। (The government has made big changes in the bankruptcy law.)

In grammatical terms, since it ends in 'पन', it is treated as a masculine noun. This means any adjectives modifying it must be in the masculine form (e.g., 'भयंकर दिवालियापन' - terrible bankruptcy). When used with the postposition 'का/के/की', it follows standard Hindi oblique rules. For instance, 'दिवालियापन के कारण' (because of bankruptcy) uses 'के' because it precedes the postposition 'कारण'.

शिक्षा के बिना समाज का मानसिक दिवालियापन निश्चित है। (Without education, the mental bankruptcy of society is certain.)

When writing about economic history or corporate law, दिवालियापन provides a more professional tone than the colloquial 'दिवाला'. If you are translating a legal document from English to Hindi, 'Insolvency' is often translated as 'शोधनक्षमता' (shodhan-kshamata), but 'Bankruptcy' is almost exclusively 'दिवालियापन'. In conversational Hindi, however, you might hear people say 'कंगाल हो गया' (became a pauper), which is a more emotional way of describing the same result.

Metaphorical Examples: 'सांस्कृतिक दिवालियापन' (Cultural bankruptcy) - used to criticize a lack of cultural depth. 'बौद्धिक दिवालियापन' (Intellectual bankruptcy) - used in academic or political debates.

इस फिल्म की कहानी लेखक के रचनात्मक दिवालियापन को दर्शाती है। (The story of this film shows the creative bankruptcy of the writer.)

The word दिवालियापन is a staple of formal Hindi communication. While you might not hear it in a casual chat over tea unless the topic is specifically about a business failure, it is ubiquitous in several specific domains of Indian life.

The Newsroom: News anchors on channels like Zee News or Aaj Tak use this word when reporting on global economic downturns or the collapse of major airlines and banks. For instance, during the 2008 financial crisis or the recent collapse of certain crypto exchanges, 'दिवालियापन' was the go-to term.
Legal and Courtroom Dramas: In Bollywood movies or web series involving corporate law (like 'Scam 1992' or 'Jolly LLB'), lawyers argue about 'दिवालियापन की प्रक्रिया' (the process of bankruptcy). It adds a layer of formal gravity to the dialogue.

समाचार: 'श्रीलंका ने अपना आर्थिक दिवालियापन स्वीकार कर लिया है।' (News: 'Sri Lanka has accepted its economic bankruptcy.')

In the corporate world of Mumbai or Delhi, managers and chartered accountants use the term during audits or when discussing 'NPA' (Non-Performing Assets). If a company is 'insolvent,' the official Hindi documentation will label it under 'दिवालियापन और शोधन अक्षमता संहिता' (Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code). It is also a common term in Hindi literature and editorials (Sampaadkiya) when authors critique the 'moral decay' of modern society.

अदालत ने कंपनी के दिवालियापन की अर्जी को स्वीकार कर लिया। (The court accepted the company's bankruptcy petition.)

Furthermore, in political rallies, you might hear leaders accusing their opponents of 'विचारधारा का दिवालियापन' (bankruptcy of ideology). This implies that the opposing party has no original thoughts or principles left. This metaphorical use is very powerful in Hindi oratory and is used to belittle the intellectual capacity of the rival.

Educational Context: In Economics textbooks for Class 11 and 12 (NCERT), students learn about 'दिवालियापन' as a part of the financial system and accounting modules.

छात्रों को दिवालियापन के कानूनी पहलुओं को समझना चाहिए। (Students should understand the legal aspects of bankruptcy.)

Learning to use दिवालियापन can be tricky because of its formal nature and its relationship with other similar words. Here are the most common pitfalls for English speakers.

Mistake 1: Confusing Noun and Adjective: Many learners say 'वह दिवालियापन है' (He is bankruptcy). This is incorrect. Use the adjective 'दिवालिया' (bankrupt) for people: 'वह दिवालिया है' (He is bankrupt). Use 'दिवालियापन' only for the state: 'उसका दिवालियापन' (His bankruptcy).
Mistake 2: Overusing it for 'Poverty': Don't use 'दिवालियापन' to mean general poverty. For being poor, use 'गरीबी' (gareebi). 'दिवालियापन' specifically implies a legal or total financial collapse, usually involving debts that cannot be paid.

Incorrect: शहर में बहुत दिवालियापन है। (There is much bankruptcy in the city - meaning poverty.)
Correct: शहर में बहुत गरीबी है। (There is much poverty in the city.)

Another mistake is the pronunciation. The word is 'di-vaa-li-yaa-pan'. Some learners skip the 'ya' sound, making it 'diwaliapan', which sounds unnatural to native ears. Ensure you enunciate the 'ya' (य) clearly. Also, remember that 'दिवाला' (divālā) is a more common, slightly less formal synonym. If you find 'दिवालियापन' too long to say in a casual conversation, 'दिवाला' is a safer bet.

गलत: उसकी दिवालियापन। (Her bankruptcy - using feminine 'ki').
सही: उसका दिवालियापन। (His/Her bankruptcy - using masculine 'ka').

Finally, learners often struggle with the metaphorical use. While 'moral bankruptcy' is a common English idiom, in Hindi, 'नैतिक दिवालियापन' (naitik divāliyāpan) is very formal. Using it in a casual argument with a friend might sound overly dramatic or 'bookish.' Use it for writing or formal debates instead.

Confusion with 'Insolvency': Technically, insolvency is 'शोधन अक्षमता' (shodhan akshamata). While often used interchangeably in common speech, in a legal exam, you must distinguish between the two.

कानूनी तौर पर शोधन अक्षमता और दिवालियापन में अंतर होता है। (Legally, there is a difference between insolvency and bankruptcy.)

Hindi has several words related to financial failure, ranging from legal jargon to street slang. Knowing the difference helps you choose the right register for your conversation.

दिवाला (Divālā): The root word. It is more commonly used in the phrase 'दिवाला निकलना' (to go bankrupt). It is slightly less formal than 'दिवालियापन' but very common in business talk.
कंगाली (Kangālī): This refers to extreme poverty or being 'broke.' While bankruptcy is a legal status, 'kangālī' is a financial condition. You can be 'kangāl' without being legally 'divāliyā.'
शोधन अक्षमता (Shodhan Akshamatā): The pure Sanskrit/Legal term for 'Insolvency.' You will find this in government gazettes and legal textbooks.

Comparison:
1. व्यापार का दिवाला निकल गया। (The business went bust.)
2. वह कंगाली में जी रहा है। (He is living in extreme poverty.)

In a metaphorical sense, you might use 'शून्यता' (shūnyatā - emptiness) or 'अभाव' (abhāv - lack) to describe a lack of ideas, but 'दिवालियापन' remains the most biting critique. For instance, 'विचारों का अभाव' is a gentle way to say someone lacks ideas, whereas 'विचारों का दिवालियापन' suggests they are completely spent and have nothing of value left.

राजनीति में नैतिक दिवालियापन एक गंभीर समस्या है। (Moral bankruptcy is a serious problem in politics.)

Lastly, 'दिवालिया' (the person) can also be used as an insult in some contexts, implying that someone is unreliable or has no 'worth.' However, this is rare. Most often, people stick to 'बर्बाद' (barbād - ruined) for personal financial failure in casual Hindi. 'मेरा बिजनेस बर्बाद हो गया' (My business is ruined) is much more common than saying 'मुझे दिवालियापन का सामना करना पड़ा' in a conversation with friends.

Antonyms: संपन्नता (Sampannatā - Prosperity), शोधनक्षमता (Shodhan-kshamatā - Solvency), अमीरी (Amīrī - Wealth).

How Formal Is It?

Fun Fact

The word is ironically related to 'Diwali,' the festival of prosperity. A trader would light a lamp in the daytime to signal to creditors that his shop was 'empty' or 'failed.'

Pronunciation Guide

UK /d̪ɪ.ʋɑː.lɪ.jɑː.pən/

US /dɪ.vɑ.li.jɑ.pən/

Hindi is generally a syllable-timed language, so stress is evenly distributed, though a slight emphasis falls on 'vaa'.

Rhymes With

बचपन (Bachpan) पागलपन (Pagalpan) अकेलापन (Akelapan) अपनापन (Apnapan) भोलापन (Bholapan) पीलापन (Peelapan) टेढ़ापन (Tedhapan) सीधापन (Seedhapan)

Common Errors

Pronouncing 'd' as an alveolar 'd' (like English 'dog') instead of dental.
Missing the 'ya' sound and saying 'diwaliapan'.
Confusing the 'v' sound with a 'w'.
Shortening the long 'aa' sounds.
Misplacing the stress on the suffix 'pan'.

Difficulty Rating

Reading 7/5

Requires understanding of abstract suffixes and formal context.

Writing 8/5

Spelling 'दिवालियापन' correctly with the 'ya' and 'pan' is key.

Speaking 7/5

The five-syllable word requires clear enunciation.

Listening 6/5

Easily recognized in news but sounds similar to 'Diwali'.

What to Learn Next

Prerequisites

पैसा कर्ज व्यापार गरीब कानून

Learn Next

ऋणदाता (Creditor) देनदार (Debtor) परिसंपत्ति (Asset) देयता (Liability) कुप्रबंधन (Mismanagement)

Advanced

शोधन अक्षमता (Insolvency) तरलता (Liquidity) मुद्रास्फीति (Inflation) राजकोषीय घाटा (Fiscal Deficit) निलंबन (Suspension)

Grammar to Know

Abstract Noun Suffix '-pan'

बचपन, पागलपन, दिवालियापन

Masculine Gender Agreement

उसका दिवालियापन (Correct), उसकी दिवालियापन (Incorrect)

Oblique Case with Postpositions

दिवालियापन के (ke) बारे में

Compound Noun Formation

दिवालियापन-कानून

Adjective to Noun Transformation

दिवालिया (Adj) -> दिवालियापन (Noun)

Examples by Level

कंपनी का दिवालियापन हो गया।

The company went bankrupt.

Simple subject-verb structure.

क्या यह दिवालियापन है?

Is this bankruptcy?

Question form.

उसका दिवालियापन बहुत बुरा है।

His bankruptcy is very bad.

Using adjective 'bad' with the noun.

दिवालियापन का मतलब पैसा नहीं होना है।

Bankruptcy means not having money.

Defining the word.

वह दिवालियापन से डरता है।

He is afraid of bankruptcy.

Using 'se' (from/of) preposition.

व्यापार में दिवालियापन हुआ।

Bankruptcy happened in the business.

Past tense of 'hona'.

दिवालियापन एक समस्या है।

Bankruptcy is a problem.

Simple 'is' sentence.

मेरे पास दिवालियापन की खबर है।

I have news of bankruptcy.

Possessive 'ki' with news.

उसने दिवालियापन की घोषणा की।

He announced bankruptcy.

Using 'ghoshna' (announcement).

दिवालियापन के बाद वह गरीब हो गया।

After bankruptcy, he became poor.

Using 'ke baad' (after).

यह दिवालियापन कानून नया है।

This bankruptcy law is new.

Noun as a modifier.

लोग दिवालियापन से बचना चाहते हैं।

People want to avoid bankruptcy.

Infinitive 'bachna' (to avoid).

बैंक ने दिवालियापन की जांच की।

The bank investigated the bankruptcy.

Using 'ki jaanch' (investigation of).

दिवालियापन की वजह से दुकान बंद हुई।

The shop closed because of bankruptcy.

Using 'ki wajah se' (because of).

उसका दिवालियापन सबको पता है।

Everyone knows about his bankruptcy.

Using 'sabko pata' (everyone knows).

दिवालियापन एक कठिन समय है।

Bankruptcy is a difficult time.

Adjective 'kathin' (difficult) modifying 'samay'.

अदालत ने उसे दिवालियापन का दोषी माना।

The court found him guilty of bankruptcy (fraud).

Legal context.

दिवालियापन की स्थिति में क्या करें?

What to do in a state of bankruptcy?

Using 'ki sthiti mein' (in the state of).

उसका व्यापार दिवालियापन की कगार पर है।

His business is on the verge of bankruptcy.

Idiomatic 'kagar par' (on the verge).

दिवालियापन से उबरने में समय लगता है।

It takes time to recover from bankruptcy.

Using 'ubarne mein' (in recovering).

सरकार दिवालियापन रोकने के लिए नए नियम लाई है।

The government brought new rules to stop bankruptcy.

Purpose clause with 'rokne ke liye'.

क्या दिवालियापन का कोई समाधान है?

Is there any solution to bankruptcy?

Asking for a solution.

दिवालियापन के कारण कई लोग बेरोजगार हो गए।

Many people became unemployed due to bankruptcy.

Cause and effect.

उसने अपने दिवालियापन को छिपाने की कोशिश की।

He tried to hide his bankruptcy.

Using 'chipane ki koshish' (try to hide).

नैतिक दिवालियापन समाज के पतन का कारण बनता है।

Moral bankruptcy causes the downfall of society.

Metaphorical usage.

कंपनी ने स्वेच्छा से दिवालियापन के लिए आवेदन किया।

The company voluntarily applied for bankruptcy.

Using adverb 'swechha se' (voluntarily).

दिवालियापन की कार्यवाही शुरू हो चुकी है।

The bankruptcy proceedings have already started.

Present perfect continuous sense.

यह फिल्म निर्देशक के रचनात्मक दिवालियापन को दर्शाती है।

This film shows the creative bankruptcy of the director.

Abstract usage in art critique.

दिवालियापन कानून में संशोधन की आवश्यकता है।

There is a need for an amendment in the bankruptcy law.

Formal 'sanshodhan' (amendment).

उसे अपने दिवालियापन का कोई पछतावा नहीं है।

He has no regret for his bankruptcy.

Using 'pachtava' (regret).

दिवालियापन एक कानूनी प्रक्रिया है, न कि केवल गरीबी।

Bankruptcy is a legal process, not just poverty.

Contrastive sentence structure.

विपक्ष ने सरकार पर वैचारिक दिवालियापन का आरोप लगाया।

The opposition accused the government of ideological bankruptcy.

Political context.

आधुनिक युग में मानवीय संवेदनाओं का दिवालियापन दिख रहा है।

In the modern era, a bankruptcy of human emotions is visible.

High-level social commentary.

दिवालियापन की जटिलताओं को सुलझाना वकीलों के लिए चुनौतीपूर्ण है।

Resolving the complexities of bankruptcy is challenging for lawyers.

Gerundial subject 'suljhana'.

उसकी नीतियों ने अंततः देश को आर्थिक दिवालियापन की ओर धकेल दिया।

His policies ultimately pushed the country toward economic bankruptcy.

Causal narrative.

बौद्धिक दिवालियापन किसी भी राष्ट्र के लिए सबसे बड़ा खतरा है।

Intellectual bankruptcy is the biggest threat to any nation.

Superlative 'sabse bada khatra'.

दिवालियापन के शिकार लोगों को सामाजिक बहिष्कार का सामना करना पड़ता है।

Victims of bankruptcy have to face social boycott.

Passive-like construction 'samna karna padta hai'.

साहित्य में मौलिकता की कमी को अक्सर रचनात्मक दिवालियापन कहा जाता है।

Lack of originality in literature is often called creative bankruptcy.

Passive voice 'kaha jata hai'.

दिवालियापन संहिता के तहत परिसंपत्तियों का विवरण देना अनिवार्य है।

It is mandatory to provide details of assets under the bankruptcy code.

यह संकट मात्र वित्तीय नहीं, बल्कि प्रशासनिक दिवालियापन का परिणाम है।

This crisis is not merely financial, but a result of administrative bankruptcy.

Correlative 'matra... balki' (not only... but).

पूंजीवाद के चरम पर अक्सर नैतिक दिवालियापन की पराकाष्ठा देखी जाती है।

At the peak of capitalism, the zenith of moral bankruptcy is often seen.

Highly academic 'parakastha' (zenith).

दिवालियापन की विधिक परिभाषा समय के साथ निरंतर विकसित हुई है।

The legal definition of bankruptcy has evolved continuously over time.

Formal 'vidhik' (legal) and 'nirantar' (continuous).

उसका तर्क उसके तर्कसंगत दिवालियापन का जीवंत प्रमाण है।

His argument is a living proof of his rational bankruptcy.

Rhetorical device.

वैश्विक अर्थव्यवस्था में दिवालियापन के संक्रामक प्रभाव को नकारा नहीं जा सकता।

The contagious effect of bankruptcy in the global economy cannot be denied.

Complex noun phrases.

दिवालियापन की त्रासदी केवल धन का अभाव नहीं, बल्कि प्रतिष्ठा का ह्रास भी है।

The tragedy of bankruptcy is not just the lack of wealth, but also the decline of prestige.

Philosophical 'hras' (decline).

संस्थान का दिवालियापन उसके कुप्रबंधन की लंबी कहानी कहता है।

The bankruptcy of the institution tells a long story of its mismanagement.

Metaphorical narrative.

क्या हम एक सांस्कृतिक दिवालियापन के युग में जी रहे हैं?

Are we living in an age of cultural bankruptcy?

Existential question.

दिवालियापन के पश्चात पुनर्वास की प्रक्रिया अत्यंत जटिल और श्रमसाध्य है।

The process of rehabilitation after bankruptcy is extremely complex and laborious.

Sanskritized vocabulary 'shramsadhya'.

Synonyms

दिवाला कंगाली शोधन अक्षमता विपन्नता बर्बादी रिक्तता अभाव दिवालियापन (Metaphorical)

Antonyms

संपन्नता अमीरी शोधनक्षमता आर्थिक स्थिरता

Common Collocations

दिवालियापन घोषित करना

दिवालियापन की कगार

नैतिक दिवालियापन

दिवालियापन कानून

दिवालियापन की अर्जी

आर्थिक दिवालियापन

बौद्धिक दिवालियापन

दिवालियापन से बचना

दिवालियापन का सामना

रचनात्मक दिवालियापन

Common Phrases

दिवालियापन की स्थिति

— The state of bankruptcy. Used to describe the current condition of a person or entity.

वह दिवालियापन की स्थिति में पहुँच गया है।

दिवालियापन की प्रक्रिया

— The process of bankruptcy. Refers to the legal steps involved.

दिवालियापन की प्रक्रिया लंबी होती है।

दिवालियापन का शिकार

— Victim of bankruptcy. Used for people who lose everything.

वह दिवालियापन का शिकार हो गया।

दिवालियापन की मार

— The blow of bankruptcy. Used to describe the negative impact.

उस पर दिवालियापन की मार पड़ी है।

दिवालियापन का डर

— Fear of bankruptcy. A common motivation in business.

व्यापारियों में दिवालियापन का डर है।

दिवालियापन के संकेत

— Signs of bankruptcy. Early warnings of financial failure.

कंपनी में दिवालियापन के संकेत दिख रहे हैं।

दिवालियापन की फाइल

— Bankruptcy file. Legal documentation.

उसकी दिवालियापन की फाइल अदालत में है।

दिवालियापन से राहत

— Relief from bankruptcy. Legal protections.

उसे दिवालियापन से राहत मिली।

दिवालियापन का कलंक

— The stigma of bankruptcy. Social shame associated with failure.

वह दिवालियापन का कलंक नहीं झेल सका।

दिवालियापन की ओर

— Towards bankruptcy. Indicating a downward trend.

देश दिवालियापन की ओर बढ़ रहा है।

Often Confused With

दिवालियापन vs दिवाली (Diwali)

A festival. They sound similar but have opposite financial connotations.

दिवालियापन vs दिवालिया (Divaliya)

The person who is bankrupt, not the state itself.

दिवालियापन vs गरीबी (Gareebi)

General poverty, whereas bankruptcy is a specific financial/legal failure.

Idioms & Expressions

"दिवाला निकलना"

— To go completely bankrupt. It is the most common idiomatic expression.

उसका दिवाला निकल गया।

Common

"कौड़ी-कौड़ी को मोहताज होना"

— To be so poor that one lacks even a penny. Often follows bankruptcy.

दिवालियापन के बाद वह कौड़ी-कौड़ी को मोहताज हो गया।

Informal

"घर फूंक तमाशा देखना"

— To waste money recklessly, leading to bankruptcy.

उसने घर फूंक तमाशा देखा और अब दिवालियापन झेल रहा है।

Literary

"दाने-दाने को तरसना"

— To crave for every grain of food. Describes extreme post-bankruptcy state.

दिवालियापन ने उसे दाने-दाने को तरसा दिया।

Emotional

"मिट्टी में मिल जाना"

— To be ruined or reduced to dust.

उसका सारा साम्राज्य मिट्टी में मिल गया।

Common

"हाथ खाली होना"

— To be out of money. A milder way to describe a bankrupt state.

आजकल मेरा हाथ खाली है।

Informal

"पल्ले कुछ न रहना"

— To have nothing left in one's possession.

दिवालियापन के बाद उसके पल्ले कुछ नहीं रहा।

Colloquial

"फूटी कौड़ी न होना"

— To not have even a broken penny.

उसके पास अब फूटी कौड़ी भी नहीं है।

Slang

"सड़क पर आ जाना"

— To come to the street (to become homeless/destitute).

दिवालियापन उसे सड़क पर ले आया।

Common

"सब कुछ लुट जाना"

— To lose everything.

उसका व्यापार में सब कुछ लुट गया।

Emotional

Easily Confused

दिवालियापन vs कंगाली

Both mean having no money.

Kangal is an emotional/social state of being broke; Divāliyāpan is a formal/legal state of debt failure.

वह कंगाली में जी रहा है, पर उसने दिवालियापन घोषित नहीं किया।

दिवालियापन vs दिवाला

They share the same root.

Divala is often part of a verb phrase (divala nikalna); Divāliyāpan is a standalone abstract noun.

उसका दिवाला निकल गया (Verb phrase) vs उसका दिवालियापन (Noun).

दिवालियापन vs अभाव

Both imply 'lack'.

Abhav is a general lack (e.g., lack of water); Divāliyāpan is a total failure of resources.

पानी का अभाव vs बुद्धि का दिवालियापन।

दिवालियापन vs विपन्नता

Both are formal.

Vipannata is more about destitution and misery; Divāliyāpan is more about financial accounting and law.

युद्ध के बाद देश में विपन्नता आ गई।

दिवालियापन vs दीनता

Both relate to being low on resources.

Deenta refers to humility or wretchedness; Divāliyāpan is strictly about the state of insolvency.

उसकी दीनता देखकर मुझे दया आ गई।

Sentence Patterns

यह [Noun] है।

यह दिवालियापन है।

[Subject] ने दिवालियापन घोषित किया।

उसने दिवालियापन घोषित किया।

[Subject] दिवालियापन की कगार पर है।

कंपनी दिवालियापन की कगार पर है।

[Adjective] दिवालियापन समाज के लिए [Adjective] है।

नैतिक दिवालियापन समाज के लिए बुरा है।

दिवालियापन के बावजूद, [Clause]।

दिवालियापन के बावजूद, उसने हार नहीं मानी।

[Concept] का दिवालियापन [Abstract Noun] को दर्शाता है।

विचारों का दिवालियापन मानसिक शून्यता को दर्शाता है।

दिवालियापन से [Verb] मुश्किल है।

दिवालियापन से बचना मुश्किल है।

सरकार [Noun] दिवालियापन कानून लाई है।

सरकार नया दिवालियापन कानून लाई है।

Word Family

Nouns

दिवाला (Divālā - Act of failure)

दिवालिया (Divāliyā - Bankrupt person)

दिवालियापन (Divāliyāpan - State of bankruptcy)

Verbs

दिवाला निकलना (Divālā nikalnā - To go bankrupt)

दिवालिया घोषित करना (Divāliyā ghoshit karnā - To declare bankrupt)

Adjectives

दिवालिया (Divāliyā - Bankrupt)

दिवालिया-संबंधी (Divāliyā-sambandhī - Relating to bankruptcy)

ऋण (Loan)

कर्ज (Debt)

घाटा (Loss)

कंगाल (Broke)

संपत्ति (Property)

How to Use It

frequency

High in news and business; Low in casual daily life.

Common Mistakes

वह दिवालियापन है। → वह दिवालिया है।
You cannot say a person 'is bankruptcy'. You must say the person 'is bankrupt' (divāliyā).
उसकी दिवालियापन। → उसका दिवालियापन।
The word is masculine because of the '-pan' suffix. Use 'ka' or 'uske', never 'ki' or 'uski'.
Diwaliapan (mispronunciation). → Divāliyāpan.
The 'ya' (य) sound is required. Skipping it makes the word sound like the festival name.
Using it for 'feeling poor'. → Using 'gareebi' or 'tangi'.
Bankruptcy is a specific legal/total state. For general 'lack of money', use 'tangi' (tightness/scarcity).
दिवालियापन करना। → दिवालियापन घोषित करना।
You don't 'do' bankruptcy; you 'declare' it or 'face' it (saamna karna).

Tips

Check the Suffix

Whenever you see '-pan' in Hindi, know that it's an abstract noun and almost certainly masculine. This helps you get the grammar right instantly.

Context Matters

Use 'दिवालियापन' for companies and 'दिवालिया' for individuals. It sounds more natural to native speakers.

The Diwali Connection

Remembering the link to 'Diwali' lamps can help you remember the word, even though the meanings are opposite in terms of luck!

Enunciate clearly

The word has five syllables. Take your time with 'di-vaa-li-yaa-pan' to avoid sounding like you are saying 'Diwali'.

Formal Register

Save this word for formal contexts. In a text to a friend about being broke, use 'कंगाल' or 'पैसे नहीं हैं'.

Metaphorical Power

Don't be afraid to use 'नैतिक दिवालियापन' in an essay; it's a very strong and respected academic phrase.

IBC Reference

If you are interested in Indian business, look up 'IBC Hindi' to see 'दिवालियापन' used in real-world legal documents.

News Keywords

In business news, 'दिवालियापन' is often followed by 'घोषित' (declared). Listen for that pair.

Word Web

Connect it to 'कर्ज' (debt). Debt leads to the state of 'दिवालियापन'.

Variety

In a long essay, alternate between 'दिवालियापन' and 'शोधन अक्षमता' to show off your vocabulary range.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Think of 'Diwali' + 'Pan'. If you spend all your wealth on a huge 'Diwali' party, you might end up in 'Diwaliyapan' (Bankruptcy).

Visual Association

Imagine a shop with a single lonely lamp (Diwa) burning in broad daylight while the owner walks away with empty pockets.

Word Web

Money Debt Court Law Loss Empty Business Failure

Challenge

Try to use 'दिवालियापन' and 'नैतिक' (moral) in the same sentence to describe a movie character.

Word Origin

Derived from the Hindi word 'Divali' (lamp/light), originating from Sanskrit 'Deepavali'.

Original meaning: The historical custom of lighting a lamp to signal business failure.

Indo-Aryan

Cultural Context

Avoid using it as a joke about someone's personal finances as it can be very offensive.

Equivalent to the 'Chapter 11' process in the US, but with more social stigma in India.

The movie 'Scam 1992' discusses financial fraud and bankruptcy. Premchand's stories often touch on 'divālā' in rural India. News reports on Vijay Mallya often use the term 'दिवालिया'.

Practice in Real Life

Real-World Contexts

Business News

शेयर बाजार में गिरावट
दिवालियापन की आशंका
बैंक का कर्ज
घाटे का सौदा

Legal Court

अदालत का फैसला
दिवालियापन की अर्जी
कानूनी कार्यवाही
दस्तावेज

Political Debate

वैचारिक दिवालियापन
नीतियों की विफलता
जनता का भरोसा
भ्रष्टाचार

Literature/Essays

नैतिक पतन
समाज का दिवालियापन
मानवीय मूल्य
गंभीर संकट

Personal Finance

बचत खत्म होना
कर्ज में डूबना
दिवालियापन से बचाव
आर्थिक योजना

Conversation Starters

"क्या आपको लगता है कि आजकल की फिल्में रचनात्मक दिवालियापन का शिकार हैं?"

"अगर कोई कंपनी दिवालियापन घोषित करती है, तो कर्मचारियों का क्या होता है?"

"क्या दिवालियापन से उबरना मुमकिन है?"

"भारत में नए दिवालियापन कानून के बारे में आपकी क्या राय है?"

"क्या आपने कभी किसी को दिवालियापन का सामना करते देखा है?"

Journal Prompts

आज के समाज में 'नैतिक दिवालियापन' के उदाहरणों पर एक लेख लिखें।

अगर आपका व्यापार दिवालियापन की कगार पर हो, तो आपकी पहली तीन प्राथमिकताएं क्या होंगी?

दिवालियापन और गरीबी के बीच के अंतर को स्पष्ट करते हुए एक डायरी एंट्री लिखें।

क्या दिवालियापन को एक अंत मानना चाहिए या एक नई शुरुआत? अपने विचार लिखें।

एक ऐसी काल्पनिक कहानी लिखें जहाँ एक अमीर आदमी दिवालियापन के बाद जीवन का असली अर्थ सीखता है।

Frequently Asked Questions

10 questions

'दिवाला' is often used in common speech and in the idiom 'दिवाला निकलना' (to go bankrupt). 'दिवालियापन' is a more formal abstract noun used in legal and economic contexts to describe the state itself. Think of 'दिवाला' as the event and 'दिवालियापन' as the condition.

No, you should use 'दिवालिया' for a person. For example, 'वह दिवालिया है' (He is bankrupt). You use 'दिवालियापन' for the state, like 'उसका दिवालियापन' (his bankruptcy). Saying 'वह दिवालियापन है' is grammatically incorrect in Hindi.

It is a masculine noun. This is a common rule for Hindi nouns ending in the suffix '-pan' (like bachpan, pagalpan). Therefore, you should use masculine modifiers like 'बड़ा दिवालियापन' or 'उसका दिवालियापन'.

The term is 'नैतिक दिवालियापन' (naitik divāliyāpan). It is a very formal way to describe a person or society that has lost its ethical values. You will often see this in newspaper editorials or political speeches.

The root is 'दिवाला' (divālā), which historically comes from the practice of lighting a 'diwa' (lamp) to signal that a merchant could no longer pay his debts. It is ironically related to the word for the festival of lights, Diwali.

Not really. In daily conversation, people are more likely to say 'पैसे खत्म हो गए' (money is finished) or 'कंगाल हो गया' (became broke). 'दिवालियापन' is reserved for news, business, and formal writing.

It means 'on the verge of bankruptcy.' 'कगार' means edge or brink. It is a very common collocation used in business reporting to describe a company that is about to fail.

Yes, in formal Hindi news, you might hear 'देश का आर्थिक दिवालियापन' when a country like Sri Lanka or Greece faces a total economic collapse and cannot pay its international debts.

The 'ya' (य) should be pronounced clearly: di-vaa-li-YAA-pan. Some learners mistakenly say 'diwaliapan,' but the 'ya' is essential for correct Hindi pronunciation.

Yes, 'दिवाला' (divālā) is shorter and very common. However, 'दिवालियापन' is the more 'proper' noun form for official use.