A1 問題 1 min read かんたん

Questioning the 'To Be' (Mi)

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Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

To turn a statement into a question in Turkish, simply add the 'mi' particle after the word you are questioning.

  • Add 'mi' after the word: 'O mutlu' (He is happy) becomes 'O mutlu mu?' (Is he happy?)
  • Follow vowel harmony: 'mi' changes to 'mı', 'mu', or 'mü' based on the last vowel.
  • Attach the personal suffix to the 'mi' particle: 'Öğrenci misin?' (Are you a student?)
Word + (mı/mi/mu/mü) + (Personal Suffix)?

3. Question Particle Forms

Vowel Group Particle Example
a, ı
mı
Kitap mı?
e, i
mi
Kedi mi?
o, u
mu
Okul mu?
ö, ü
mü
Göz mü?

Personal Suffixes with 'Mi'

Person Suffix Example
I
-(y)im
Öğrenci miyim?
You
-sin
Öğrenci misin?
He/She/It
-
Öğrenci mi?
We
-yiz
Öğrenci miyiz?
You (pl)
-siniz
Öğrenci misiniz?
They
-ler
Öğrenci mi?

Meanings

The particle 'mi' is used to form yes/no questions in Turkish. It acts as a question marker that attaches to the word being queried.

1

Yes/No Question

Turning a declarative sentence into a polar question.

“O doktor mu?”

“Hava sıcak mı?”

Reference Table

Reference table for Questioning the 'To Be' (Mi)
Form Structure Example
Affirmative
Noun + Suffix
O mutlu.
Question
Noun + mi + Suffix
O mutlu mu?
Negative
Noun + değil + Suffix
O mutlu değil.
Negative Question
Noun + değil + mi + Suffix
O mutlu değil mi?
Short Answer (Yes)
Evet, [Subject] [Predicate]
Evet, mutlu.
Short Answer (No)
Hayır, [Subject] değil
Hayır, değil.

フォーマル度スペクトル

フォーマル
Geliyor musunuz?

Geliyor musunuz? (Asking someone to join you)

ニュートラル
Geliyor musun?

Geliyor musun? (Asking someone to join you)

カジュアル
Geliyor musun?

Geliyor musun? (Asking someone to join you)

スラング
Geliyon mu?

Geliyon mu? (Asking someone to join you)

Vowel Harmony Map

Vowel Harmony

Group 1

  • a, ı use mı

Group 2

  • e, i use mi

Group 3

  • o, u use mu

Group 4

  • ö, ü use mü

レベル別の例文

1

Bu kedi mi?

Is this a cat?

2

O iyi mi?

Is he/she okay?

3

Hava sıcak mı?

Is the weather hot?

4

Bu okul mu?

Is this a school?

1

Öğrenci misin?

Are you a student?

2

Yorgun musunuz?

Are you (plural/formal) tired?

3

Çay hazır mı?

Is the tea ready?

4

Kitap sende mi?

Do you have the book?

1

Dün orada mıydın?

Were you there yesterday?

2

Bu proje zor mu?

Is this project difficult?

3

Onlar gelecek mi?

Are they coming?

4

Bunu sen mi yaptın?

Did you do this?

1

Sizce bu karar doğru mu?

Do you think this decision is correct?

2

Daha önce hiç Türkiye'de bulundun mu?

Have you ever been to Turkey before?

3

Bana yardım edebilir misin?

Can you help me?

4

Bu kadar pahalı mı gerçekten?

Is it really this expensive?

1

Söylediklerini gerçekten anladın mı?

Did you really understand what he said?

2

Oraya gitmek için hazır mısınız?

Are you ready to go there?

3

Sence bu durum sürdürülebilir mi?

Do you think this situation is sustainable?

4

Bunu yapmamı mı istiyorsun?

Do you want me to do this?

1

Bu teorinin doğruluğundan emin misin?

Are you sure about the accuracy of this theory?

2

Sizce de bu yaklaşım biraz riskli değil mi?

Don't you also think this approach is a bit risky?

3

Bana sormadan mı karar verdiniz?

Did you decide without asking me?

4

Bu kadar karmaşık bir süreci yönetebilir misiniz?

Can you manage such a complex process?

間違えやすい

Questioning the 'To Be' (Mi) 対 de/da (also)

Both are written separately, but 'de/da' is for 'also' and 'mi' is for questions.

Questioning the 'To Be' (Mi) 対 Wh- questions

Learners try to use 'mi' with 'ne' (what).

Questioning the 'To Be' (Mi) 対 Negative questions

Learners forget the 'değil' before 'mi'.

よくある間違い

✗

Öğrenci mi sin?

✓

Öğrenci misin?

The suffix must be attached to the particle.
✗

O mutlu mi?

✓

O mutlu mu?

Vowel harmony error.
✗

Evdemi?

✓

Evde mi?

Must be a separate word.
✗

Sen gelmek mi?

✓

Geliyor musun?

Using the wrong base form.
✗

Yorgun musunlar?

✓

Yorgunlar mı?

Redundant plural marking.
✗

O geldi miydi?

✓

Geldi mi?

Unnecessary past tense marker.
✗

Bu kitap mı senin?

✓

Bu kitap senin mi?

Incorrect word order for emphasis.
✗

Bunu yaptın mıydın?

✓

Bunu yaptın mı?

Over-complicating the tense.
✗

Sizce bu doğru mu?

✓

Sizce bu doğru mu?

Actually correct, but often confused with 'değil mi'.
✗

Oraya gitmek mi istiyorsun?

✓

Oraya gitmek istiyor musun?

Misplacing the particle.
✗

Bunu bana mı dedin?

✓

Bunu bana mı söyledin?

Verb choice nuance.
✗

Bu durum sürdürülebilir mi?

✓

Bu durum sürdürülebilir mi?

Correct, but often misused in complex sentences.
✗

Sizce de bu riskli değil mi?

✓

Sizce de bu riskli değil mi?

Often confused with simple 'mi'.

文型パターン

___ ___ mı?

___ ___ misin?

___ ___ miydi?

___ ___ değil mi?

Real World Usage

Texting constant

Geliyon mu?

Restaurant very common

Bu acı mı?

Job Interview common

Bu pozisyon uygun mu?

Travel very common

Bilet burada mı?

Social Media common

Bunu gördünüz mü?

Food Delivery occasional

Sipariş hazır mı?

💡

Vowel Harmony First

Always check the last vowel of the word before choosing your 'mi' variant.
⚠️

Don't Attach!

Never attach 'mi' to the word. It must always be a separate word.
🎯

Personal Suffixes

Remember to attach the person (e.g., -sin, -yiz) to the particle, not the noun.
💬

Politeness

Use the plural 'musunuz' when speaking to strangers or elders.

Smart Tips

Look at the last vowel. If it's a, ı, o, u, it's a back vowel. If e, i, ö, ü, it's a front vowel.

O mutlu mi? → O mutlu mu?

Always use the plural suffix '-sunuz' on the particle.

Siz hazır mısın? → Siz hazır mısınız?

Keep it separate! Even in texts, 'mi' is never attached.

Geliyormusun? → Geliyor musun?

The past tense suffix attaches to the verb, then 'mi' follows.

O geldi miydi? → O geldi mi?

発音

mı (m-uh), mi (m-ee), mu (m-oo), mü (m-ew)

Vowel Harmony

The 'mi' particle must match the preceding vowel's roundness and frontness.

Rising

O evde mi? ↑

Standard yes/no question intonation.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Remember 'Mi' is a 'Me' (question) particle. If you are asking, you are looking at 'Me'.

視覚的連想

Imagine a question mark (?) that looks like a hook. The particle 'mi' is the bait on the hook catching the answer.

Rhyme

Vowels change, don't be shy, just add mi, mı, mu, or mü to ask why!

Story

Ali is a student. He asks his teacher, 'Öğrenci miyim?' (Am I a student?). The teacher says 'Evet, öğrencisin!' (Yes, you are!). Ali is happy because he used the particle correctly.

Word Web

SoruCevapVowel HarmonyParticleSuffixInterrogative

チャレンジ

Ask 5 people around you 5 different questions using 'mi' today.

文化メモ

Using 'mi' is very polite. In formal settings, always use the plural 'musunuz' to show respect.

Similar usage, but vowel harmony rules can vary slightly in dialects.

Often uses 'mi' with specific regional slang particles.

The particle 'mi' is of Turkic origin, found in various forms across the language family.

会話のきっかけ

“

Bugün hava güzel mi?

“

Öğrenci misin?

“

Bu film ilginç mi?

“

Sence bu plan mantıklı mı?

日記のテーマ

Write about your day using 5 questions.
Ask your friend about their plans for the weekend.
Debate a topic using 'mi' to challenge opinions.
Reflect on a decision you made using questions.

よくある間違い

Incorrect

正解

Incorrect

正解

Incorrect

正解

Incorrect

正解

Test Yourself

Fill in the blank with the correct particle.

O mutlu ___?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: mu
Last vowel is 'u', so use 'mu'.
Choose the correct sentence. 選択問題

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Öğrenci misin?
Suffix attaches to particle.
Fix the error. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

O evde mi sin?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: O evde misin?
Particle and suffix are one unit.
Order the words. Sentence Building

misin / öğrenci / ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Öğrenci misin?
Standard order.
Translate to Turkish. 翻訳

Are you tired?

Answer starts with: Yor...

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Yorgun musun?
Correct particle and suffix.
Match the question to the vowel group. Match Pairs

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: mı
Vowel harmony rule.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Hazır mısın? B: ___

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Evet, hazırım.
Correct response.
Conjugate for 'we'. Conjugation Drill

Öğrenci ___?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: miyiz
Correct suffix for 'we'.

Score: /8

練習問題

8 exercises
Fill in the blank with the correct particle.

O mutlu ___?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: mu
Last vowel is 'u', so use 'mu'.
Choose the correct sentence. 選択問題

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Öğrenci misin?
Suffix attaches to particle.
Fix the error. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

O evde mi sin?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: O evde misin?
Particle and suffix are one unit.
Order the words. Sentence Building

misin / öğrenci / ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Öğrenci misin?
Standard order.
Translate to Turkish. 翻訳

Are you tired?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Yorgun musun?
Correct particle and suffix.
Match the question to the vowel group. Match Pairs

a/ı

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: mı
Vowel harmony rule.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Hazır mısın? B: ___

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Evet, hazırım.
Correct response.
Conjugate for 'we'. Conjugation Drill

Öğrenci ___?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: miyiz
Correct suffix for 'we'.

Score: /8

よくある質問 (8)

It is a particle, not a suffix. It acts as a clitic.

No, it changes based on the vowel of the preceding word.

Yes, it is used with all verb tenses.

Yes, it is used in all registers.

The vowel harmony is still determined by the last vowel of the word.

Use 'Neden' or 'Niçin'. 'Mi' is only for yes/no.

Rarely, usually only for emphasis.

Yes, they are different forms of the same particle based on vowel harmony.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Spanish low

¿...?

Turkish requires a particle, Spanish relies on punctuation.

French moderate

est-ce que

Positioning (start vs. end).

German low

Verb-first

Word order vs. particle usage.

Japanese high

ka

Turkish particle changes based on vowels, Japanese 'ka' does not.

Arabic low

hal

Positioning.

Chinese high

ma

Turkish particle is more complex due to vowel harmony.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Previous
Negating the 'To Be' (Değil)

Related Grammar Rules

A0

Basic Social Questions (Questions)
A1

Asking 'Where' (Nerede/Nereye)
A2

Questions in the Past
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