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विकीर्ण करना

B2 verb 9 min read

विकीर्ण करना

vikirn karna

Practice it Examples Notes & Tips विकीर्ण करना in 30 Seconds

Explanation विकीर्ण करना in your Level:

At the A1 level, you don't really need to use the word 'विकीर्ण करना' because it is too difficult. Instead, you can use simple words like 'देना' (to give) or 'निकलना' (to come out). For example, instead of saying 'The sun radiates light,' you can say 'सूरज रोशनी देता है' (The sun gives light). Think of 'विकीर्ण करना' as a very fancy way to say that something is sending out light or heat in all directions. You will mostly see this word in science books later on. For now, just remember that it's about light and heat moving away from a source like a star or a fire. It is not used for spreading jam on bread or spreading toys on the floor! It's only for 'energy' things.

At the A2 level, you are starting to learn more specific verbs. 'विकीर्ण करना' is a word you might see in a simple science paragraph about the sun or a heater. It means 'to radiate' or 'to send out' energy. You should know that 'विकीर्ण' means 'scattered' and 'करना' means 'to do'. So, it literally means 'to make something scattered'. When a lamp is on, it 'विकीर्ण' (radiates) light into the room. It is a formal word. In daily life, you might just say 'रोशनी फैलाना' (to spread light). But if you want to sound like a good student in a Hindi class, you can use this word when talking about science topics like heat and light.

As a B1 learner, you should recognize 'विकीर्ण करना' as a formal scientific term. You will encounter it in news reports about the environment or in educational videos. It's important to distinguish it from 'फैलाना' (to spread). While 'फैलाना' is used for anything (like spreading a rumor or a cloth), 'विकीर्ण करना' is specifically for waves of energy. For example, 'The heater radiates heat' is 'हीटर ऊष्मा विकीर्ण करता है'. You should also start noticing the past tense: 'सूरज ने प्रकाश विकीर्ण किया' (The sun radiated light). Notice that 'Prakash' (light) is masculine, so we use 'kiya'. If you were talking about 'Ushma' (heat), which is feminine, you would say 'vikeerṇ ki'.

At the B2 level, you are expected to use 'विकीर्ण करना' accurately in formal discussions and writing. This is the standard CEFR level for this word. You should understand its nuances—that it implies a central source sending out energy in a radial pattern. You can use it in scientific contexts (radiation of X-rays, thermal energy) and also in high-level literary contexts (a face radiating joy). You must be careful not to confuse it with 'बिखेरना' (scattering physical objects) or 'प्रसारित करना' (broadcasting media). You should be able to use it in complex sentences, such as 'The radioactive waste continues to radiate harmful rays,' which translates to 'रेडियोधर्मी कचरा हानिकारक किरणें विकीर्ण करना जारी रखता है।'

For C1 learners, 'विकीर्ण करना' should be part of your active academic vocabulary. You should be able to use it to describe abstract concepts with precision. For instance, in a philosophical essay, you might write about how a leader's charisma 'radiates' through a crowd: 'नेता का व्यक्तित्व जनसमूह में एक नई ऊर्जा विकीर्ण करता है।' You should also be comfortable with its passive form 'विकीर्ण होना' and its noun form 'विकिरण' (radiation). You understand the etymological roots in Sanskrit and how they contribute to the word's formal register. You can use it to explain complex phenomena like the 'scattering of light' (प्रकाश का प्रकीर्णन/विकिरण) in physics without hesitation.

At the C2 level, you have a masterly command of 'विकीर्ण करना'. You can use it to discuss highly specialized topics, from quantum mechanics (how atoms radiate photons) to advanced literary analysis (how a poet uses 'vikeerṇ' to create specific imagery). You are aware of its synonyms like 'उत्सर्जित करना' (to emit) and 'विसरित करना' (to diffuse) and can choose the exact word based on the scientific or poetic context. Your usage is indistinguishable from a highly educated native speaker, utilizing the word in technical papers, formal speeches, or nuanced creative writing. You also recognize its presence in ancient Vedic texts in its root forms and how it has evolved into modern scientific Hindi.

Practice it Examples Notes & Tips

विकीर्ण करना in 30 Seconds

A formal verb for radiating or emitting energy waves.
Used in scientific contexts for light, heat, and radiation.
Distinguished from 'phailana' by its focus on energy emission.
Common in physics, astronomy, and high-register Hindi literature.

The Hindi verb विकीर्ण करना (vikeerṇ karnā) is a sophisticated term primarily used in scientific, academic, and formal literary contexts. At its core, it refers to the process of emitting or scattering energy, light, or heat from a central source into the surrounding environment. Unlike the common word फैलाना (phailānā), which can refer to spreading a bedsheet or spreading a rumor, विकीर्ण करना carries a specific connotation of 'radiation' or 'diffusion' of energy waves. It is most frequently encountered when discussing thermodynamics, optics, or nuclear physics. For instance, when a star emits light across the vacuum of space, or when a hot iron rod releases thermal energy into the air, the action is described as विकीर्ण करना. In a more metaphorical or literary sense, it can describe the diffusion of a person's influence, fame, or even a divine aura that seems to emanate from them like rays of light.

Scientific Context: In physics, this term is the standard translation for 'to radiate'. It describes how energy moves through a medium or vacuum via electromagnetic waves. Example: सूर्य अपनी ऊर्जा को अंतरिक्ष में विकीर्ण करता है (The sun radiates its energy into space).

रेडिएटर पूरे कमरे में गर्मी को विकीर्ण करता है जिससे वातावरण सुखद बना रहता है।

The word is derived from the Sanskrit root 'kṛ' (to scatter) with the prefix 'vi' (meaning apart or away). This etymological background highlights the sense of 'scattering away from a center'. When you use this word, you are signaling a high level of Hindi proficiency, as it is a term that native speakers usually encounter in textbooks or formal news broadcasts rather than casual street conversations. It is essential for anyone aiming for a B2 level or above to understand this distinction, as using फैलाना in a scientific report might sound too colloquial, whereas विकीर्ण करना provides the necessary precision.

Literary Usage: Authors use it to describe a character's presence. For example, 'उसकी आँखों ने दया की भावना विकीर्ण की' (His eyes radiated a sense of compassion).

दीपक ने अंधेरे कक्ष में मंद प्रकाश विकीर्ण किया।

Understanding the nuances of this verb also involves knowing its passive form, विकीर्ण होना (to be radiated/scattered). In many scientific observations, the focus is on the energy itself being scattered rather than the source doing the action. For example, 'प्रकाश की किरणें धूल के कणों से टकराकर विकीर्ण हो जाती हैं' (Light rays get scattered after hitting dust particles). This versatility makes it a powerful tool for describing complex physical phenomena accurately.

Abstract Meaning: It can also refer to the distribution of information or influence over a wide area, though this is less common than its physical application. It implies a natural, outward flow from a source.

महात्मा बुद्ध के उपदेशों ने पूरे एशिया में शांति का संदेश विकीर्ण किया।

Using विकीर्ण करना correctly requires attention to the object being radiated. Since it is a transitive verb (सकर्मक क्रिया), it usually takes a direct object—the energy, light, or quality that is being sent out. The grammatical structure is typically: [Source] + [Object] + [विकीर्ण करना]. Because it is a compound verb ending in करना, it follows the standard conjugation rules for all tenses. In the past tense, if the object is masculine, it becomes विकीर्ण किया; if feminine, विकीर्ण की; and if plural, विकीर्ण किए. This agreement is crucial for grammatical accuracy.

Present Continuous Tense: Used for ongoing radiation. 'सूरज की किरणें चारों ओर ऊष्मा विकीर्ण कर रही हैं' (The sun's rays are radiating heat all around).

रेडियोधर्मी पदार्थ हानिकारक विकिरण विकीर्ण कर रहे हैं।

In formal scientific writing, you will often see this verb used in the potential mood or with modal verbs like सकना (can) or चाहिए (should). For example, 'एक उच्च-शक्ति लेज़र प्रकाश को एक संकीर्ण पुंज में विकीर्ण कर सकता है' (A high-power laser can radiate light in a narrow beam). This highlights the capability of the source. Furthermore, when describing natural laws, the simple present (habitual) is used: 'गर्म वस्तुएं हमेशा इन्फ्रारेड तरंगें विकीर्ण करती हैं' (Hot objects always radiate infrared waves).

Past Indefinite Tense: Used for specific events. 'विस्फोट ने भारी मात्रा में ऊर्जा विकीर्ण की' (The explosion radiated a massive amount of energy).

उस प्राचीन पत्थर ने एक रहस्यमयी चमक विकीर्ण की।

Another important aspect is the use of the causative form, though rare with this specific verb. Usually, one might say विकीर्ण करवाना if an external agent is making a source radiate. However, in most contexts, the direct transitive form is sufficient. It is also worth noting the difference between विकीर्ण करना and बिखेरना. While both involve scattering, बिखेरना is used for physical objects like seeds, toys, or garbage, whereas विकीर्ण करना is reserved for waves and energy. Mixing these up is a common error for intermediate learners.

Passive Construction: 'ऊर्जा को एंटीना के माध्यम से विकीर्ण किया जाता है' (Energy is radiated through the antenna).

क्या यह उपकरण एक्स-रे विकीर्ण करता है?

You are unlikely to hear विकीर्ण करना while buying vegetables at a local market in Delhi or Mumbai. However, if you tune into a Hindi science documentary on National Geographic or Discovery Channel, you will hear it constantly. Narrators use it to describe the life cycle of stars, the behavior of atoms, and the functioning of modern technology like microwave ovens or cell phone towers. It is the 'language of the laboratory' in Hindi. In news broadcasts, specifically those covering environmental issues or nuclear energy, reporters use this term to describe the leakage of radiation or the emission of heat from industrial plants.

Science Classrooms: Teachers in Hindi-medium schools use this to explain the three modes of heat transfer: Conduction (चालन), Convection (संवहन), and Radiation (विकिरण). The verb विकीर्ण करना is the action part of the latter.

आज हम सीखेंगे कि कैसे परमाणु ऊर्जा को विकीर्ण करते हैं।

In the realm of Hindi literature and high-register poetry, especially of the 'Chhayavad' era, this word appears to describe the ethereal beauty of the moon or the sun. Poets like Sumitranandan Pant or Jaishankar Prasad might use such terms to elevate the imagery of light spreading across a landscape. It evokes a sense of grandeur and natural majesty that simpler words like निकलना (to come out) fail to capture. Furthermore, in spiritual or philosophical discourses (Pravachan), a guru might speak about 'radiating peace' or 'radiating knowledge' to the world, using विकीर्ण करना to imply a selfless, outward flow of positive energy.

Weather Reports: During heatwaves, meteorologists might explain how the concrete buildings in a city absorb heat during the day and विकीर्ण करते हैं it at night, contributing to the urban heat island effect.

रात के समय धरती अपनी ऊष्मा को आकाश में विकीर्ण करती है।

Finally, in the legal and administrative domain, particularly in documents concerning public safety and hazardous materials, this word is used to define the limits of permissible radiation emission. For example, a safety manual for a hospital's X-ray department would specify that the machines must not विकीर्ण करना more than a certain level of radiation into the surrounding hallways. Hearing this word, therefore, immediately places the conversation in a professional, scientific, or highly artistic frame.

The most frequent mistake learners make with विकीर्ण करना is using it for physical objects. Because English often uses 'scatter' or 'spread' for both light and physical items (like scattering seeds), learners assume the same applies in Hindi. However, if you say 'मैंने बगीचे में बीज विकीर्ण किए' (I radiated seeds in the garden), it sounds like you are saying the seeds are emitting energy or that you are a radioactive being. For physical objects, the correct verb is बिखेरना (bikhernā). Always remember: विकीर्ण करना is for waves, energy, and light; बिखेरना is for tangible stuff.

Confusion with 'Prasarit': Another common error is confusing it with प्रसारित करना (prasārit karnā). While 'Prasarit' means to broadcast (like a TV signal or news), 'Vikeerṇ' specifically refers to the physical emission of radiation. You broadcast a show, but you radiate heat.

Incorrect: रेडियो स्टेशन गाने विकीर्ण कर रहा है। (The radio station is radiating songs.)
Correct: रेडियो स्टेशन गाने प्रसारित कर रहा है। (The radio station is broadcasting songs.)

Grammatically, learners often struggle with the 'ne' (ने) construction in the past tense. Since विकीर्ण करना is transitive, the subject takes 'ne' in the past tense, and the verb must agree with the object. If the object is 'ऊष्मा' (ūṣmā - heat, feminine), the verb must be विकीर्ण की, not विकीर्ण किया. Many students default to the masculine singular किया for all compound verbs, which is a tell-tale sign of a non-native speaker. Paying attention to the gender of the emitted energy (light is masculine, heat is feminine) is essential for perfect Hindi.

Overuse in Casual Speech: Using this word when talking to friends about a flashlight or a heater might sound overly dramatic or 'bookish'. In casual settings, people prefer छोड़ना (chhoṛnā - to release) or फेंकना (phenknā - to throw). Use विकीर्ण करना only when you want to sound precise or formal.

गलत: क्या तुम इस टॉर्च से रोशनी विकीर्ण कर सकते हो? (Too formal for a torch!)

Hindi has several words that overlap with विकीर्ण करना, but each has its own 'flavor' and specific domain. Understanding these differences is what separates a B2 learner from a C1/C2 speaker. Let's look at the most common alternatives and how they compare to our target word. The primary distinction usually lies in the medium and the intent of the spreading action.

बिखेरना (Bikhernā) vs. विकीर्ण करना: Bikhernā is for physical objects (like scattering pearls). Vikeerṇ karnā is for energy (like radiating light). Example: उसने फर्श पर फूल बिखेर दिए (She scattered flowers on the floor) vs सूरज ने प्रकाश विकीर्ण किया (The sun radiated light).

प्रसारित करना (Prasārit karnā) vs. विकीर्ण करना: Prasārit karnā is for broadcasting signals or information. Vikeerṇ karnā is for the physical emission of radiation. You 'Prasarit' a radio program, but the antenna 'Vikeerṇ' electromagnetic waves.

Comparison: फैलाना (to spread/general) | विसरित करना (to diffuse/gases) | विकीर्ण करना (to radiate/energy).

Another word often confused is विसरित करना (visarit karnā), which means 'to diffuse'. This is specifically used for gases or liquids mixing together (like perfume diffusing in a room). While radiation also spreads, विसरित implies a concentration gradient and physical particles moving, whereas विकीर्ण implies waves moving from a source. For light, you might also use छिटकाना (chhiṭkānā) in a poetic sense, meaning to sprinkle light, but this is much less formal than विकीर्ण करना.

उत्सर्जित करना (Utsarjit karnā): This means 'to emit'. It is a very close synonym to विकीर्ण करना. However, 'Utsarjit' is broader—it can include emitting smoke, gases, or electrons. 'Vikeerṇ' is specifically for the scattering/radiating pattern.

कार धुआँ उत्सर्जित करती है। (Correct) / कार धुआँ विकीर्ण करती है। (Incorrect - smoke isn't radiation).

How Formal Is It?

Fun Fact

The root word 'kiran' (ray) and 'vikeern' (radiated) share the same Sanskrit ancestor, emphasizing that radiation is essentially the act of sending out rays.

Pronunciation Guide

UK /ʋɪ.kiːɾɳ kəɾ.nɑː/

US /vɪ.kiːrn kər.nɑː/

Stress is primarily on the second syllable 'kee'.

Rhymes With

कीर्ण (Keern) संकीर्ण (Sankeern - narrow) प्रकीर्ण (Prakeern - scattered) उत्तीर्ण (Utteern - passed) अवतर्ण (Avatarn) जीर्ण (Jeern - worn out) पूर्ण (Poorn - complete) चूर्ण (Choorn - powder)

Common Errors

Pronouncing 'v' as 'w'.
Missing the retroflex 'n' at the end of 'vikeern'.
Shortening the long 'ee' sound.
Treating 'vikeern' and 'karna' as one word without a slight pause.
Mispronouncing the 'ri' sound as 'ree' too harshly.

Difficulty Rating

Reading 4/5

Requires knowledge of scientific vocabulary and Sanskrit roots.

Writing 5/5

Hard to use correctly without confusing it with 'bikherna' or 'phailana'.

Speaking 4/5

Not common in daily speech, sounds very formal.

Listening 4/5

Mainly heard in documentaries or academic lectures.

What to Learn Next

Prerequisites

फैलाना प्रकाश ऊष्मा किरण करना

Learn Next

उत्सर्जित करना अवशोषित करना परावर्तित करना अपवर्तित करना प्रकीर्णन

Advanced

विद्युत-चुंबकीय रेडियोधर्मिता स्पेक्ट्रम तरंगदैर्घ्य आवृत्ति

Grammar to Know

Transitive Verb Agreement

In 'सूरज ने रोशनी विकीर्ण की', 'ki' agrees with feminine 'roshni'.

Compound Verb Formation

Vikeern (adj/noun-like) + Karna (verb) forms a functional unit.

Passive Voice with 'Jaana'

Urja vikeern ki jaati hai (Energy is radiated).

Causative Verbs

Vikeern karvana (To cause to radiate) is grammatically possible but rare.

Use of 'Ne' in Past Tense

The subject takes 'ne' because 'vikeern karna' is transitive.

Examples by Level

सूरज रोशनी विकीर्ण करता है।

The sun radiates light.

Simple present tense with a masculine object (light).

आग गर्मी विकीर्ण करती है।

The fire radiates heat.

Simple present tense with a feminine object (heat).

तारे प्रकाश विकीर्ण करते हैं।

Stars radiate light.

Plural subject with masculine object.

बल्ब रोशनी विकीर्ण कर रहा है।

The bulb is radiating light.

Present continuous tense.

क्या यह गर्म है? हाँ, यह गर्मी विकीर्ण करता है।

Is it hot? Yes, it radiates heat.

Basic question and answer.

चाँद चाँदनी विकीर्ण करता है।

The moon radiates moonlight.

Poetic but simple usage.

हीटर ऊष्मा विकीर्ण करता है।

The heater radiates heat.

Technical object, simple verb.

दीपक प्रकाश विकीर्ण करता है।

The lamp radiates light.

Traditional Hindi vocabulary.

सूरज हर दिन ऊर्जा विकीर्ण करता है।

The sun radiates energy every day.

Addition of 'energy' as an object.

गर्म लोहा लाल रोशनी विकीर्ण करता है।

Hot iron radiates red light.

Descriptive adjectives used.

यह मशीन एक्स-रे विकीर्ण करती है।

This machine radiates X-rays.

Feminine object (X-ray rays).

रात में पृथ्वी गर्मी विकीर्ण करती है।

At night, the earth radiates heat.

Temporal phrase 'at night' added.

क्या वह तारा बहुत रोशनी विकीर्ण करता है?

Does that star radiate a lot of light?

Interrogative sentence.

मोमबत्ती चारों ओर प्रकाश विकीर्ण करती है।

The candle radiates light all around.

Adverbial phrase 'all around'.

रेडिएटर ने कमरे में गर्मी विकीर्ण की।

The radiator radiated heat in the room.

Past tense with feminine object (heat).

पौधे सूरज की ऊर्जा को विकीर्ण नहीं करते।

Plants do not radiate the sun's energy.

Negative sentence.

वैज्ञानिकों ने देखा कि पदार्थ विकिरण विकीर्ण कर रहा था।

Scientists saw that the substance was radiating radiation.

Complex sentence with a subordinate clause.

जब धातु गर्म होती है, तो वह अवरक्त किरणें विकीर्ण करती है।

When metal gets hot, it radiates infrared rays.

Conditional sentence 'jab... toh'.

एंटीना रेडियो तरंगें विकीर्ण करने के लिए डिज़ाइन किया गया है।

The antenna is designed to radiate radio waves.

Infinitive use 'radiate karne ke liye'.

सूरज ने कल बहुत अधिक सौर ऊर्जा विकीर्ण की।

The sun radiated a lot of solar energy yesterday.

Past tense with 'ne' and feminine object 'urja'.

विद्युत बल्ब ऊर्जा का एक हिस्सा ऊष्मा के रूप में विकीर्ण करता है।

An electric bulb radiates a part of energy as heat.

Prepositional phrase 'as heat'.

परमाणु रिएक्टर से ऊर्जा विकीर्ण की जाती है।

Energy is radiated from the nuclear reactor.

Passive voice construction.

क्या आप जानते हैं कि मानव शरीर भी गर्मी विकीर्ण करता है?

Do you know that the human body also radiates heat?

Noun clause starting with 'ki'.

उसने अपनी मुस्कान से खुशी विकीर्ण की।

She radiated happiness with her smile.

Metaphorical usage in B1.

ब्लैक होल भी हॉकिंग विकिरण विकीर्ण कर सकते हैं।

Black holes can also radiate Hawking radiation.

Scientific modal 'can' (sakna).

ओजोन परत सूरज से विकीर्ण होने वाली पराबैंगनी किरणों को रोकती है।

The ozone layer blocks ultraviolet rays radiated from the sun.

Relative clause using the participle form.

रेडियोधर्मी कचरे को सुरक्षित रूप से रखना चाहिए ताकि वह हानिकारक किरणें विकीर्ण न करे।

Radioactive waste should be kept safely so that it doesn't radiate harmful rays.

Subjunctive mood 'na kare' for purpose.

इलेक्ट्रोमैग्नेटिक फील्ड के कारण उपकरण ऊर्जा विकीर्ण करते हैं।

Devices radiate energy due to electromagnetic fields.

Causal phrase 'ke kaaran'.

गर्म सतहें वातावरण में तापीय ऊर्जा विकीर्ण करती रहती हैं।

Hot surfaces keep radiating thermal energy into the atmosphere.

Continuative aspect 'karti rehti hain'.

इस प्रयोग में, हमने मापा कि लेज़र कितनी ऊर्जा विकीर्ण करता है।

In this experiment, we measured how much energy the laser radiates.

Indirect question in a scientific context.

ब्रह्मांड के शुरुआती दौर में, प्रकाश हर तरफ विकीर्ण किया गया था।

In the early stages of the universe, light was radiated in all directions.

Passive past tense.

उनका चेहरा एक आंतरिक शांति विकीर्ण कर रहा था।

His face was radiating an inner peace.

Sophisticated metaphorical usage.

क्वांटम सिद्धांत के अनुसार, परमाणु ऊर्जा को निश्चित पैकेटों में विकीर्ण करते हैं।

According to quantum theory, atoms radiate energy in definite packets.

Technical scientific register.

नक्षत्रों की चमक उनके द्वारा विकीर्ण किए गए प्रकाश की तीव्रता पर निर्भर करती है।

The brightness of constellations depends on the intensity of light radiated by them.

Complex passive participle construction.

औद्योगिक क्रांति के बाद से, पृथ्वी ने अंतरिक्ष में कम ऊष्मा विकीर्ण की है, जिससे ग्लोबल वार्मिंग हुई है।

Since the Industrial Revolution, the Earth has radiated less heat into space, leading to global warming.

Present perfect tense with causal link.

रेडियोधर्मी क्षय के दौरान, नाभिक अल्फा और बीटा कणों के साथ गामा किरणें विकीर्ण करता है।

During radioactive decay, the nucleus radiates gamma rays along with alpha and beta particles.

Highly specific terminology.

दार्शनिकों का मानना है कि ज्ञान को समाज के हर कोने में विकीर्ण किया जाना चाहिए।

Philosophers believe that knowledge should be radiated to every corner of society.

Passive modal 'kiya jaana chahiye'.

माइक्रोवेव ओवन भोजन के अणुओं को उत्तेजित करने के लिए सूक्ष्म तरंगें विकीर्ण करता है।

A microwave oven radiates microwaves to excite food molecules.

Technical process description.

उनकी कविताएँ मानवीय संवेदनाओं को इतनी गहराई से विकीर्ण करती हैं कि पाठक मंत्रमुग्ध हो जाता है।

His poems radiate human emotions so deeply that the reader becomes mesmerized.

Abstract literary application.

क्या पदार्थ बिना किसी बाहरी ऊर्जा के स्वयं प्रकाश विकीर्ण कर सकता है?

Can matter radiate light on its own without any external energy?

Theoretical physics question.

कृष्णिका विकिरण (Black-body radiation) के सिद्धांत में, वस्तु अपनी तापमान के अनुसार ऊर्जा विकीर्ण करती है।

In the theory of black-body radiation, an object radiates energy according to its temperature.

Advanced physics nomenclature.

सुपरनोवा विस्फोट के क्षण में, तारा अपनी पूरी संचित ऊर्जा को कुछ ही सेकंड में विकीर्ण कर देता है।

At the moment of a supernova explosion, the star radiates all its stored energy in just a few seconds.

Compound verb 'kar deta hai' for completion.

विद्युत-चुंबकीय तरंगों का विकीर्ण किया जाना मैक्सवेल के समीकरणों द्वारा सटीक रूप से वर्णित है।

The radiation of electromagnetic waves is accurately described by Maxwell's equations.

Gerundial phrase as a subject.

यह प्राचीन मंदिर अपनी वास्तुकला के माध्यम से एक दिव्य शांति विकीर्ण करता प्रतीत होता है।

This ancient temple seems to radiate a divine peace through its architecture.

Complex verb 'vikeerṇ karta prateet hota hai'.

सिंक्रोट्रॉन विकिरण तब उत्पन्न होता है जब आवेशित कण प्रकाश की गति के करीब ऊर्जा विकीर्ण करते हैं।

Synchrotron radiation is produced when charged particles radiate energy near the speed of light.

High-level particle physics context.

वैश्विक तापीय संतुलन इस बात पर निर्भर है कि पृथ्वी कितनी प्रभावी ढंग से सौर विकिरण को पुनः विकीर्ण करती है।

Global thermal balance depends on how effectively the Earth re-radiates solar radiation.

Complex noun phrase as object.

उनकी बौद्धिक क्षमता उनके व्याख्यानों के माध्यम से स्पष्ट रूप से विकीर्ण होती थी।

His intellectual prowess was clearly radiated through his lectures.

Passive-like intransitive usage.

क्या हम कभी ऐसी तकनीक विकसित कर पाएंगे जो गुरुत्वाकर्षण तरंगों को नियंत्रित रूप से विकीर्ण कर सके?

Will we ever be able to develop technology that can radiate gravitational waves in a controlled manner?

Speculative future tense with modal.

Synonyms

विकिरण करना उत्सर्जित करना फैलाना विसरित करना बिखेरना प्रसारित करना निकलना छोड़ना

Antonyms

अवशोषित करना सोखना एकत्र करना समेटना

Common Collocations

प्रकाश विकीर्ण करना

ऊष्मा विकीर्ण करना

ऊर्जा विकीर्ण करना

किरणें विकीर्ण करना

शांति विकीर्ण करना

चमक विकीर्ण करना

तरंगें विकीर्ण करना

खुशी विकीर्ण करना

प्रभाव विकीर्ण करना

ज्ञान विकीर्ण करना

Common Phrases

चारों ओर विकीर्ण करना

— To radiate in all directions.

सूरज चारों ओर प्रकाश विकीर्ण करता है।

समान रूप से विकीर्ण करना

— To radiate uniformly.

यह बल्ब प्रकाश को समान रूप से विकीर्ण करता है।

ऊष्मा के रूप में विकीर्ण करना

— To radiate in the form of heat.

मशीन ऊर्जा को ऊष्मा के रूप में विकीर्ण करती है।

निरंतर विकीर्ण करना

— To radiate continuously.

रेडियोधर्मी तत्व निरंतर किरणें विकीर्ण करते हैं।

तीव्रता से विकीर्ण करना

— To radiate with high intensity.

लेज़र प्रकाश को तीव्रता से विकीर्ण करता है।

अदृश्य रूप से विकीर्ण करना

— To radiate invisibly.

वाईफाई राउटर तरंगें अदृश्य रूप से विकीर्ण करता है।

सीमित क्षेत्र में विकीर्ण करना

— To radiate in a limited area.

यह लाइट केवल एक सीमित क्षेत्र में प्रकाश विकीर्ण करती है।

शक्तिशाली ढंग से विकीर्ण करना

— To radiate powerfully.

विस्फोट ने ऊर्जा को शक्तिशाली ढंग से विकीर्ण किया।

प्राकृतिक रूप से विकीर्ण करना

— To radiate naturally.

कुछ चट्टानें प्राकृतिक रूप से विकिरण विकीर्ण करती हैं।

सुरक्षित स्तर पर विकीर्ण करना

— To radiate at a safe level.

उपकरण को सुरक्षित स्तर पर ऊर्जा विकीर्ण करनी चाहिए।

Often Confused With

विकीर्ण करना vs बिखेरना (Bikhernā)

Used for solid things like seeds. You don't 'vikeern' seeds unless they are glowing with radioactive energy.

विकीर्ण करना vs प्रसारित करना (Prasārit karnā)

Used for broadcasting info/shows. You 'prasarit' a movie, but the screen 'vikeerns' light.

विकीर्ण करना vs विसरित करना (Visarit karnā)

Used for the diffusion of gases/liquids. Smoke 'visarit' happens in air, but heat 'vikeern' happens in a vacuum.

Idioms & Expressions

"चेहरे से नूर विकीर्ण होना"

— To have a divine glow or beauty radiating from the face.

ध्यान के बाद उनके चेहरे से नूर विकीर्ण हो रहा था।

Poetic/Spiritual

"ज्ञान की रश्मियाँ विकीर्ण करना"

— To spread the rays of knowledge (enlighten others).

स्वामी विवेकानंद ने विश्व में ज्ञान की रश्मियाँ विकीर्ण कीं।

Literary

"आशा की किरण विकीर्ण करना"

— To radiate a ray of hope in a dark situation.

उनकी बातों ने निराश लोगों में आशा की किरण विकीर्ण की।

Literary

"कीर्ति विकीर्ण करना"

— To spread one's fame far and wide.

महाराणा प्रताप की कीर्ति पूरे भारत में विकीर्ण हुई।

Historical/Formal

"प्रेम की खुशबू विकीर्ण करना"

— To spread the fragrance of love (metaphorical).

वह जहाँ भी जाती है, प्रेम की खुशबू विकीर्ण करती है।

Poetic

"अंधेरे में प्रकाश विकीर्ण करना"

— To bring light into darkness (literally or metaphorically).

शिक्षा समाज के अंधेरे में प्रकाश विकीर्ण करती है।

Formal

"ऊर्जा का संचार विकीर्ण करना"

— To spread a flow of energy.

संगीत ने दर्शकों में ऊर्जा का संचार विकीर्ण किया।

Descriptive

"शांति का संदेश विकीर्ण करना"

— To radiate/spread a message of peace.

बुद्ध ने शांति का संदेश विश्व भर में विकीर्ण किया।

Formal

"भय विकीर्ण करना"

— To radiate or spread fear (uncommon but used in dark literature).

उसकी उपस्थिति ने कमरे में भय विकीर्ण कर दिया।

Literary

"सत्य का प्रकाश विकीर्ण करना"

— To radiate the light of truth.

महात्माओं का कार्य सत्य का प्रकाश विकीर्ण करना है।

Spiritual

Easily Confused

विकीर्ण करना vs विकीर्ण (Vikeern)

It is the adjective form.

'Vikeern' is 'scattered/radiated' (adj), while 'Vikeern karna' is the action (verb).

विकीर्ण प्रकाश (Radiated light).

विकीर्ण करना vs विकिरण (Vikiran)

It is the noun form.

'Vikiran' means 'radiation'. 'Vikeern karna' is 'to radiate'.

सूरज का विकिरण (Sun's radiation).

विकीर्ण करना vs प्रकीर्णन (Prakeernan)

Both involve scattering.

'Prakeernan' is specifically 'scattering' (like light hitting a particle), whereas 'Vikeern' is general 'radiation'.

आकाश का नीला रंग प्रकाश के प्रकीर्णन के कारण है।

विकीर्ण करना vs उत्सर्जन (Utsarjan)

Both mean 'sending out'.

'Utsarjan' is 'emission' (can be smoke/gas). 'Vikeern' is specifically wave-based radiation.

धुआँ उत्सर्जन (Smoke emission).

विकीर्ण करना vs प्रसार (Prasar)

Means spread.

'Prasar' is a general expansion or spread of ideas/objects. 'Vikeern' is physical energy radiation.

धर्म का प्रसार (Spread of religion).

Sentence Patterns

[Source] [Light/Heat] [विकीर्ण करता है]

बल्ब प्रकाश विकीर्ण करता है।

[Source] [Direction] [विकीर्ण करता है]

सूरज चारों ओर गर्मी विकीर्ण करता है।

[Source] [Medium] के माध्यम से [Energy] [विकीर्ण करता है]

एंटीना हवा के माध्यम से तरंगें विकीर्ण करता है।

[Source] [Adjective] [Energy] [विकीर्ण कर रहा है]

रेडियोधर्मी पदार्थ हानिकारक किरणें विकीर्ण कर रहा है।

[Abstract Concept] [Target] में [Energy] [विकीर्ण करता है]

उनका भाषण युवाओं में उत्साह विकीर्ण करता है।

[Scientific Process] [Condition] के तहत [Energy] [विकीर्ण किया जाता है]

उच्च तापमान पर, पिंड प्रकाश विकीर्ण करने लगता है।

बिना [Medium] के [Energy] [विकीर्ण करना]

निर्वात में ऊष्मा विकीर्ण करना संभव है।

[Source] ने [Past Object] [विकीर्ण की/किया]

तारे ने नीली रोशनी विकीर्ण की।

Word Family

Nouns

विकिरण (Vikiran - Radiation)

विकीर्णन (Vikeernan - Scattering)

किरण (Kiran - Ray)

Verbs

विकीर्ण होना (Vikeern hona - To be radiated)

Adjectives

विकीर्ण (Vikeern - Radiated/Scattered)

विकिरणीय (Vikirniya - Radiative)

प्रसार (Prasar)

उत्सर्जन (Utsarjan)

प्रकाश (Prakash)

ऊष्मा (Ushma)

तरंग (Tarang)

How to Use It

frequency

Common in academic and scientific texts; rare in everyday conversation.

Common Mistakes

Using it for physical objects like 'scattering seeds'. → बीज बिखेरना (beej bikhernā)
Vikeern karna is only for non-tangible energy waves.
Saying 'vikeern kiya' for 'Ushma' (heat). → ऊष्मा विकीर्ण की (ūṣmā vikeerṇ kī)
Ushma is feminine, so the verb must be 'ki' in the past tense.
Confusing it with 'Prasarit karna' (broadcasting). → रेडियो तरंगें विकीर्ण करना (radiating waves)
You radiate the waves but broadcast the content.
Using it for smells (diffusion). → खुशबू फैलना (khushboo phailnā)
Smell is the movement of particles, not radiation of waves.
Pronouncing 'vikeern' as 'vikeen'. → विकीर्ण (vikeerṇ)
The 'r' and 'n' sounds are essential for the correct Sanskrit pronunciation.

Tips

Science First

Always prioritize this word in physics or chemistry contexts to sound accurate.

Gender Check

Remember: Light (Prakash) is masculine, Heat (Ushma) is feminine. This changes the verb ending in the past tense.

Formal vs. Casual

Don't use it at a party! It sounds like you're reading from a textbook. Use 'phailana' for casual talk.

Ray Connection

Connect 'Vikeern' to 'Kiran' (Ray). If it has rays, it radiates.

Documentary Practice

Watch Hindi dubbed science documentaries to hear this word in its natural habitat.

Poetic Flair

Use it in essays to describe a leader's influence or a goddess's aura for a sophisticated touch.

Not for Seeds

Never use it for seeds or garbage. Use 'bikherna' for those physical items.

Academic Success

Using this word in a Hindi exam will likely get you extra marks for 'Shuddh Hindi' (Pure Hindi).

Retroflex 'N'

The 'n' at the end of 'vikeern' is a retroflex sound. Practice by touching your tongue to the roof of your mouth.

Climate Change

This is a key word for discussing the greenhouse effect in Hindi.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Think of 'Vikeern' as 'V-Kiran'. 'V' stands for 'Very many' and 'Kiran' means 'Rays'. So, 'Vikeern Karna' is to send out 'Very many rays' (radiate).

Visual Association

Imagine the sun in the center of a page with lines (rays) shooting out in every single direction. Each line is a 'Kiran' being 'Vikeerned'.

Word Web

Sun Heater Light Heat Waves Radiation Science Energy

Challenge

Try to describe three things in your house that 'vikeerṇ karnā' energy (e.g., a bulb, a microwave, your phone screen) using full Hindi sentences.

Word Origin

Derived from the Sanskrit word 'विकीर्ण' (vikeerṇa), which is the past participle of the root 'कृ' (kṛ - to scatter/strew) with the prefix 'वि' (vi - apart/away).

Original meaning: Scattered, diffused, or spread out in different directions.

Indo-Aryan (Sanskrit)

Cultural Context

No specific sensitivities, but ensure not to use it for 'spreading' diseases unless you are talking about the radiation therapy used to treat them.

English speakers often use 'spread' for everything. In Hindi, using 'vikeern karna' specifically for energy shows advanced proficiency.

Used in NCERT Hindi science textbooks for Class 9-12 physics. Found in the Hindi translations of Stephen Hawking's 'A Brief History of Time'. Appears in the 'Chhayavad' poetry of Sumitranandan Pant.

Practice in Real Life

Real-World Contexts

Science Class

प्रयोग के दौरान
ऊर्जा का ह्रास
विकिरण की दर
तरंगों का उत्सर्जन

Environmental News

ग्लोबल वार्मिंग
ओजोन परत
ग्रीनहाउस प्रभाव
तापमान में वृद्धि

Space Documentary

तारों का जीवन
कॉस्मिक किरणें
प्रकाश की गति
शून्य में प्रसार

Spiritual Talk

आंतरिक ज्योति
दिव्य ऊर्जा
शांति का प्रसार
आभा मंडल

Medical Report

एक्स-रे की मात्रा
कैंसर का उपचार
सुरक्षा मानक
विकिरण जोखिम

Conversation Starters

"क्या आप जानते हैं कि सूरज हर सेकंड कितनी ऊर्जा विकीर्ण करता है?"

"क्या यह हीटर कमरे में पर्याप्त गर्मी विकीर्ण कर रहा है?"

"वैज्ञानिकों के अनुसार, क्या ब्लैक होल भी ऊर्जा विकीर्ण करते हैं?"

"क्या मोबाइल फोन से विकीर्ण होने वाली तरंगें हमारे स्वास्थ्य के लिए हानिकारक हैं?"

"प्राचीन काल में, लोग प्रकाश विकीर्ण करने के लिए किन साधनों का उपयोग करते थे?"

Journal Prompts

आज मैंने विज्ञान में 'विकीर्ण करना' शब्द सीखा। इसका उपयोग करके सूर्य के बारे में पाँच वाक्य लिखें।

यदि आप एक तारा होते, तो आप दुनिया में किस तरह की ऊर्जा विकीर्ण करना चाहते? (प्रेम, शांति, या ज्ञान?)

अपने घर के उन उपकरणों की सूची बनाएं जो गर्मी या प्रकाश विकीर्ण करते हैं।

क्या आपको लगता है कि एक व्यक्ति का व्यवहार दूसरों के प्रति सकारात्मकता विकीर्ण कर सकता है? उदाहरण दें।

ग्लोबल वार्मिंग के संदर्भ में 'ऊष्मा विकीर्ण करना' के महत्व पर एक संक्षिप्त पैराग्राफ लिखें।

Frequently Asked Questions

10 questions

No, that would be incorrect. For physical objects like bedsheets, use 'बिछाना' (bichhānā) or 'फैलाना' (phailānā). 'विकीर्ण करना' is strictly for energy waves like light and heat.

Not really. It is a formal and scientific term. In daily life, people use 'रोशनी देना' (giving light) or 'गर्मी छोड़ना' (releasing heat). You will mostly find it in books and news.

They are almost identical in meaning. 'विकिरण' is the noun (radiation), and using it as 'विकिरण करना' is a common way to say 'to radiate'. 'विकीर्ण करना' uses the adjective form (radiated/scattered) to form the verb. Both are correct in technical contexts.

It depends on the object. For 'Prakash' (light, masc), use 'विकीर्ण किया'. For 'Ushma' (heat, fem), use 'विकीर्ण की'. For 'Kirne' (rays, fem plural), use 'विकीर्ण कीं'.

Scientifically, humans radiate infrared heat (ऊष्मा विकीर्ण करना). Metaphorically, a person can radiate joy (खुशी), peace (शांति), or confidence (आत्मविश्वास).

No, for smells, the word 'विसरित होना' (to diffuse) or 'फैलना' (to spread) is better. 'Vikeern' is for waves, not particles like scent.

Rarely, unless the song is very poetic and uses high-register Hindi. Usually, simpler words like 'फैलाना' or 'बिखेरना' are used for artistic effect.

The physical opposite is 'अवशोषित करना' (to absorb). If something isn't sending energy out, it might be taking it in.

Yes, scientifically, a tower 'विकीर्ण' (radiates) electromagnetic waves. However, the act of sending a program is called 'प्रसारित करना' (broadcasting).

It is of Sanskrit origin. Words with 'v' and 'sh' sounds like this are typically Sanskrit-derived (Tatsam words) in Hindi.