épít 30秒で
- The Hungarian verb 'épít' means 'to build' or 'to construct' physically or abstractly.
- It is a transitive verb, meaning it needs an object (e.g., house, wall, trust).
- Prefixes like 'fel-' (up) or 'be-' (into) change its specific meaning and completion status.
- It is used in everyday life, professional settings, and metaphorical idiomatic expressions.
The Hungarian verb épít is a foundational term in the language, primarily meaning 'to build' or 'to construct'. At its most literal level, it refers to the physical assembly of structures like houses, bridges, or walls. However, its utility extends far beyond the construction site. In Hungarian, 'épít' is frequently employed in metaphorical contexts, such as building a career, a reputation, or a relationship. Understanding this word requires a grasp of both its concrete application and its abstract extensions. It is a transitive verb, meaning it usually takes a direct object in the accusative case (ending in -t).
- Physical Construction
- This is the primary usage. Whether it is a small bird building a nest or a massive corporation erecting a skyscraper, 'épít' is the go-to verb. It implies a process of putting parts together to create a whole.
A kőműves új falat épít a kertben.
- Abstract Development
- When you are developing a system, a theory, or even your own character, 'épít' describes the cumulative effort involved. It suggests a structured, intentional growth.
A bizalmat nehéz építeni, de könnyű lerombolni.
Historically, the concept of building was central to Hungarian identity, especially during the great urban developments of the late 19th century in Budapest. The word carries a connotation of progress and permanence. When someone says they are 'building' something in Hungarian, it implies a serious commitment. It is not just a casual assembly; it is an act of creation that leaves a lasting mark on the environment or society.
- Social Context
- In professional settings, 'kapcsolatokat épít' (building connections) is a vital phrase for networking. It shows that the word is essential for modern business Hungarian as much as it is for traditional craftsmanship.
Szeretek LEGO-ból várakat építeni.
Az ország jövőjét építjük együtt.
Ki építette ezt a hidat?
To wrap up, 'épít' is more than just a verb for construction; it is a verb for creation, progress, and development. Whether you are talking about a physical wall or a digital empire, this word provides the structural foundation for your expression in Hungarian. Its simplicity makes it accessible for A1 learners, yet its metaphorical depth ensures it remains relevant through C2 and beyond.
Using 'épít' correctly requires understanding Hungarian verb conjugation and case marking. As a transitive verb, the object of 'épít' must be in the accusative case. For example, 'házat' (house + accusative 't'). Because Hungarian features both definite and indefinite conjugations, the form of 'épít' changes depending on whether the object is specific or general. If you are building 'a' house (indefinite), you use 'építek egy házat'. If you are building 'the' house (definite), you use 'építem a házat'. This distinction is crucial for sounding natural.
- Indefinite Conjugation
- Used when the object is general, preceded by 'egy' (a/an), or when there is no article. Example: 'Várat építünk' (We are building a castle).
A gyerekek homokvárat építenek a parton.
- Definite Conjugation
- Used when the object is specific, usually preceded by 'a' or 'az' (the), or is a proper noun. Example: 'Építem a házat' (I am building the house).
Az apám egész életében házakat épített.
In terms of tense, 'épít' follows standard Hungarian patterns. The past tense is formed by adding '-ett', '-ott', or '-at' plus person endings. For example, 'épített' (he built). The future can be expressed using the auxiliary verb 'fog' with the infinitive 'építeni', such as 'építeni fog' (he will build). In everyday speech, the present tense often doubles as a future tense if a time adverb is present (e.g., 'Holnap házat építünk' - Tomorrow we build/will build a house).
- Imperative/Subjunctive
- When giving a command or expressing a wish, use the 'j' form: 'Építs!' (Build!). For example: 'Építs nekem egy palotát!' (Build me a palace!).
Ne építs légvárakat!
A cég új irodát épít a központban.
Milyen anyagból építik a falat?
Finally, consider the word order. Hungarian is topic-prominent. If you want to emphasize *what* is being built, place it before the verb: 'Házat épít' (He is house-building). If you want to emphasize the *action*, the verb might come first in certain contexts, though usually, the object or a prefix precedes it in neutral sentences. Mastering 'épít' involves juggling these grammatical nuances while keeping the core meaning of 'construction' at the heart of the sentence.
In Hungary, you will hear 'épít' in a variety of settings, from the mundane to the highly professional. If you walk through a developing neighborhood in Budapest, you might hear neighbors discussing 'építkezés' (the process of building), which is the noun form. In news reports, you'll frequently hear about the government 'building' infrastructure. 'Az állam új utakat épít' (The state is building new roads) is a common headline. It is a word associated with the physical growth of the nation.
- In the Media
- Journalists use 'épít' when discussing economic development or the creation of new institutions. It sounds formal and constructive.
Új stadiont építenek a város szélén.
- In Schools
- Teachers use 'épít' when telling children to build something with blocks or when discussing how a sentence is 'built' (mondatot épít).
A gyerekek kockákból építenek tornyot.
Socially, 'épít' is used in self-improvement contexts. Hungarians value the idea of 'character building' (jellemet épít). You might hear a coach or a mentor say, 'Ez a nehézség építi a jellemedet' (This difficulty builds your character). It is a positive, encouraging verb in these instances. Additionally, in the tech world, Hungarian developers use 'épít' for building software or 'builds' in the DevOps sense, though they might also use the English loanword 'buildel' in very casual tech-slang.
- At Home
- DIY culture is big in Hungary. You'll hear 'épít' when someone is putting together furniture or a garden shed. 'Építünk egy kis fészert' (We are building a small shed).
Apukám egy polcot épít a könyveimnek.
Mindenki segít építeni a közösségi házat.
A madarak fészket építenek tavasszal.
In summary, 'épít' is omnipresent. From the physical construction of the Hungarian landscape to the abstract construction of character and community, it is a verb that resonates with the Hungarian spirit of creation and resilience. Whether in a formal news broadcast or a casual conversation over coffee, 'épít' is a word you cannot avoid if you are living or working in a Hungarian-speaking environment.
One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make with 'épít' is failing to use the correct accusative case for the object. In English, we say 'build a house', but in Hungarian, you must say 'házat épít'. Forgetting the '-t' suffix is a hallmark of a beginner. Another common error is confusing 'épít' with 'készít' (to make/prepare). While you 'build' a house, you 'make' a cake. If you say you are 'building' a cake, it sounds like you are using bricks of sponge and mortar of frosting—possible, but very strange!
- Accusative Case Omission
- Incorrect: 'Ő ház épít.' Correct: 'Ő házat épít.' Always remember the object of the building must be marked.
Rossz: Falat épít (correct), de sokan elfelejtik a -t betűt.
- Definite vs. Indefinite Conjugation
- Learners often use 'épít' when they should use 'építi'. If you say 'the house', you must use the definite form: 'Építi a házat'.
Helytelen: Én épít a házat. Helyes: Én építem a házat.
Another nuance is the use of verbal prefixes. While 'épít' is 'to build', 'felépít' is 'to build up' or 'to complete building'. If you use 'épít' when you mean the project is finished, you might sound imprecise. Conversely, using 'beépít' means 'to build in' or 'to incorporate'. Using the wrong prefix can change the meaning entirely. For instance, 'leépít' means 'to downsize' or 'to dismantle', which is the opposite of building!
- Prefix Confusion
- Don't confuse 'épít' with 'leépít'. 'Építünk egy csapatot' (We build a team) vs. 'Leépítünk egy csapatot' (We are laying off a team).
Vigyázz a prefixumokkal: felépít vs. leépít.
Ne mondd, hogy 'epit' rövid i-vel, mondd úgy: épít.
A 'csinál' túl általános, használd az épít szót, ha épületről van szó.
Finally, avoid over-using 'épít' for things that are merely 'assembled'. If you are putting together IKEA furniture, 'összeszerel' is more accurate. 'Épít' implies a more foundational or creative construction process. By paying attention to these distinctions—accusative marking, conjugation, prefixes, and specific verbs for specific tasks—you will avoid the most common pitfalls and speak more like a native Hungarian.
While 'épít' is the standard word for building, Hungarian offers several alternatives depending on the nuance you wish to convey. 'Konstruál' is a more technical, academic term often used in engineering or abstract logic. 'Alkot' means 'to create' and is used for art or significant achievements. 'Létesít' is often used in official contexts for establishing an institution or a facility. Understanding these synonyms will help you choose the right word for the right situation.
- Épít vs. Alkot
- 'Épít' is about the structure and process. 'Alkot' is about the creative spark and the final masterpiece. An architect 'épít' a house, but an artist 'alkot' a statue.
Az építész házat épít, a művész szobrot alkot.
- Épít vs. Létesít
- 'Létesít' is used for establishing something like a park, a factory, or a connection. It's more formal than 'épít'.
A kormány új iskolát létesít a faluban.
Another important distinction is 'építkezik'. This is the intransitive/reflexive-like form meaning 'to be in the process of building (one's own house)'. If you say 'Építkezem', it specifically means you are having a house built for yourself or building it yourself. 'Építek' requires an object, whereas 'építkezem' describes the state of being a home-builder at that moment. This is a very common distinction in Hungarian daily life.
- Épít vs. Összeszerel
- 'Összeszerel' means 'to assemble'. Use this for machines, furniture, or anything with pre-made parts that just need to be joined.
A szekrényt nem építjük, hanem összeszereljük.
A városfalat évszázadokkal ezelőtt emelték.
A mérnök hidat tervez és épít.
In summary, while 'épít' is your primary tool, don't be afraid to use 'alkot' for creative endeavors, 'létesít' for formal establishments, 'összeszerel' for assembly, and 'építkezik' when you are the one undergoing the building process. This variety will make your Hungarian sound much more nuanced and sophisticated.
レベル別の例文
A fiú várat épít.
The boy is building a castle.
Várat is the accusative of vár (castle).
Én házat építek.
I am building a house.
Indefinite conjugation because 'házat' is general.
Te mit építesz?
What are you building?
Second person singular present tense.
A madár fészket épít.
The bird is building a nest.
Fészket is the accusative of fészek (nest).
LEGO-t építünk.
We are building LEGO.
First person plural.
Ők falat építenek.
They are building a wall.
Third person plural.
Apa tornyot épít.
Dad is building a tower.
Third person singular.
A gyerekek homokvárat építenek.
The children are building a sandcastle.
Compound word: homok (sand) + vár (castle).
A kőműves új házat épített.
The bricklayer built a new house.
Past tense third person singular.
Mikor építitek fel a kerítést?
When will you build up the fence?
Prefix 'fel' indicates completion.
Szeretnék egy garázst építeni.
I would like to build a garage.
Infinitive form: építeni.
Az apukám polcot épít nekem.
My dad is building a shelf for me.
Dative case 'nekem' (for me).
Ki építette ezt a hidat?
Who built this bridge?
Definite past tense because of 'ezt a hidat'.
A munkások utat építenek.
The workers are building a road.
General object 'utat'.
Nem tudok házat építeni.
I cannot build a house.
Modal 'tud' (can) + infinitive.
A város új parkot épít.
The city is building a new park.
Collective noun 'város' as subject.
Közösen építjük a jövőnket.
We are building our future together.
Metaphorical use of 'épít'.
Ne építs légvárakat, maradj a földön!
Don't build castles in the air, stay on the ground!
Idiomatic expression.
A cég jó hírnevet épített ki.
The company has built up a good reputation.
Prefix 'ki' adds the sense of establishing something.
Sok türelem kell a bizalom építéséhez.
A lot of patience is needed to build trust.
Gerund form: építés (building).
A mérnökök egy bonyolult rendszert építenek.
The engineers are building a complex system.
Abstract system as object.
Már két éve építik azt a plázát.
They have been building that mall for two years.
Continuous action in the present.
Építsünk egy csapatot a projekthez!
Let's build a team for the project!
Imperative/Subjunctive form.
A nagypapám saját kezűleg építette a házát.
My grandfather built his house with his own hands.
Adverbial 'saját kezűleg'.
A kormány új stratégiát épít a gazdaság fellendítésére.
The government is building a new strategy to boost the economy.
Formal/Political context.
Az író lassan építi fel a feszültséget a regényben.
The writer slowly builds up the tension in the novel.
Literary/Abstract use.
A szoftvert modulárisan építették meg.
The software was built modularly.
Prefix 'meg' emphasizes completion.
Fontos, hogy kapcsolatokat építsünk a szakmánkban.
It is important to build connections in our profession.
Networking context.
A városvezetés átépíti a főteret.
The city management is rebuilding/remodeling the main square.
Prefix 'át' means 're-' or 'across'.
Az elméletet szilárd alapokra kell építeni.
The theory must be built on solid foundations.
Scientific/Theoretical use.
A cég leépíti a felesleges részlegeket.
The company is downsizing redundant departments.
Prefix 'le' creates the opposite meaning (downsize/dismantle).
Hogyan építsünk be több mozgást a napirendünkbe?
How can we build/incorporate more movement into our schedule?
Prefix 'be' means 'into' or 'in'.
Az érvelését logikai láncolatra építette.
He built his argument on a logical chain.
Academic/Rhetorical use.
A társadalom bizalmi tőkéjét nehéz újraépíteni.
It is difficult to rebuild the social capital of trust.
Sociological context.
A polgármester nagyszabású városfejlesztési tervet épít.
The mayor is building a large-scale urban development plan.
High-level administrative language.
A karakterfejlődést az apró részletekre építették.
The character development was built on small details.
Film/Literary criticism.
Az ország imázsát tudatosan építik a turizmusra.
The country's image is being consciously built on tourism.
Marketing/Branding context.
A bíróság a bizonyítékokra építette az ítéletét.
The court built its verdict on the evidence.
Legal context.
A művész a kontrasztokra építi a vizuális világát.
The artist builds his visual world on contrasts.
Artistic analysis.
A fenntarthatóságot be kell építeni a vállalati kultúrába.
Sustainability must be built into the corporate culture.
Corporate responsibility context.
A filozófus a lételméletét a semmire építette.
The philosopher built his ontology on nothingness.
Metaphysical discourse.
Az államférfi a nemzet egységét építi a válság idején.
The statesman builds the nation's unity during times of crisis.
Elevated political rhetoric.
A diskurzust a kölcsönös tiszteletre kell építenünk.
We must build the discourse on mutual respect.
High-level social theory.
A költő a metaforák sűrű hálójára építi a verset.
The poet builds the poem on a dense web of metaphors.
Literary theory.
A tudományos paradigma a korábbi kutatásokra épít.
The scientific paradigm builds upon previous research.
Epistemological context.
A diplomáciai kapcsolatokat évtizedek alatt építették fel.
Diplomatic relations were built up over decades.
International relations.
A narratíva az igazság és a fikció határára épül.
The narrative is built on the border of truth and fiction.
Post-modern literary analysis.
A társadalmi szerződést folyamatosan újra kell építeni.
The social contract must be constantly rebuilt.
Political philosophy.
類義語
反対語
よく使う組み合わせ
よく使うフレーズ
Summary
The core of 'épít' is creation through structure. Whether you are laying bricks for a house or building a professional network, you are 'épít'-ing. Example: 'Házat épít' (He builds a house).
- The Hungarian verb 'épít' means 'to build' or 'to construct' physically or abstractly.
- It is a transitive verb, meaning it needs an object (e.g., house, wall, trust).
- Prefixes like 'fel-' (up) or 'be-' (into) change its specific meaning and completion status.
- It is used in everyday life, professional settings, and metaphorical idiomatic expressions.
