背が低い in 30 Seconds
- 背が低い (se ga hikui) means 'short' when referring to a person's height.
- It's a neutral and common phrase used in everyday Japanese.
- The literal translation is 'height is low'.
- Use it to describe people of any age.
The Japanese phrase 背が低い (se ga hikui) is a direct and common way to describe someone's height as being short. It's a neutral and widely understood expression used in everyday conversations. You'll hear this phrase used to describe people of all ages, from children to adults. It's not considered offensive, but like in any language, the context and tone of voice matter. For instance, when comparing someone to others or when height is a relevant characteristic, this phrase comes into play.
- Literal Breakdown
- 背 (se) means 'back' or 'height'. が (ga) is a subject particle. 低い (hikui) means 'low' or 'short'. So, literally, it translates to 'height is low'.
- Common Usage Scenarios
- You might use this when introducing someone, discussing family members, or even when describing characters in a story. For example, if you're talking about your friend Tanaka, you might say, 'Tanaka-san wa se ga hikui desu' (Tanaka-san is short).
When describing someone's physical appearance, you might say, 背が低いです。
It's important to note that 'short' can be subjective. In Japan, the average height for men is around 170 cm and for women around 158 cm. So, someone significantly below these averages might be described as 'se ga hikui'. However, the term is relative and used without judgment in most contexts.
Using 背が低い (se ga hikui) in sentences is straightforward. The structure typically follows the pattern: [Person/Subject] + は (wa) / が (ga) + 背が低い (se ga hikui) + です (desu) (for polite speech).
- Basic Structure
- The most common way to use it is by stating the subject followed by the predicate 'se ga hikui'. For example, if you are referring to yourself, you could say 'Watashi wa se ga hikui desu' (I am short). When referring to someone else, you would use their name or a pronoun.
- Adding Nuance with Particles
- While 'wa' is common for introducing a topic, 'ga' can be used to emphasize the subject or introduce new information. For instance, 'Ano hito ga se ga hikui desu' (That person is short) might be used to point someone out. However, in most general statements, 'wa' is preferred.
My younger brother is quite short: 弟は背が低いです。
- Comparisons
- You can also use it in comparative sentences. For example, 'Tanaka-san wa Suzuki-san yori se ga hikui desu' (Tanaka-san is shorter than Suzuki-san). Here, 'yori' (より) means 'than'.
When describing a group, you can use the plural form implicitly. For instance, if you're talking about a group of children, saying 'Kodomo-tachi wa se ga hikui desu' (The children are short) is perfectly natural.
You'll encounter 背が低い (se ga hikui) in a wide variety of everyday situations in Japan. It's a common descriptor used organically in conversations, media, and even official contexts.
- Casual Conversations
- Among friends, family, or colleagues, when discussing people's physical attributes, this phrase is used naturally. For example, 'Moshi kawari no hito ga se ga hikukereba, sono kagi wa tsukae nai yo' (If the replacement person is short, that key won't work). This highlights how height can be a practical consideration.
- Media and Entertainment
- In Japanese dramas, anime, manga, and variety shows, characters' heights are often mentioned, and 'se ga hikui' is frequently used. It might be part of a character's description, a joke, or a plot point. For instance, a character might be teased for being 'se ga hikui'.
In a real-life scenario, someone might say, あの俳優さんは背が低いですね。
- Job Descriptions and Requirements
- While less common now due to anti-discrimination laws, in the past, certain jobs might have had height requirements, and 'se ga hikui' could have been a factor. Even today, in specific fields like piloting or certain sports, height can be a relevant physical characteristic discussed using this phrase.
In summary, 'se ga hikui' is a fundamental phrase for describing someone's short stature and is frequently used across various aspects of Japanese life and culture.
When learning to use 背が低い (se ga hikui), learners might make a few common mistakes. Understanding these can help you use the phrase more accurately.
- Confusing 'hikui' with 'chīsai' for people
- The most frequent error is using 'chīsai' (小さい - small) to describe a person's height. While 'chīsai' is correct for describing the size of objects (like a small bag or a small house), for human height, 'se ga hikui' is the appropriate and standard phrase. Saying 'ano hito wa chīsai desu' might imply they are physically small in build or even childish, rather than specifically short in height.
- Incorrect Particle Usage
- While both 'wa' and 'ga' can be used, learners sometimes struggle with when to use which. For general statements, 'wa' is more common. Using 'ga' without a specific reason can sound unnatural or overly emphatic. For example, 'Watashi wa se ga hikui desu' is standard. Saying 'Watashi ga se ga hikui desu' might imply you are highlighting yourself as the short one among a group.
A common mistake is saying 私は小さいです for 'I am short', when 私は背が低い is correct.
- Over-politeness or Under-politeness
- Forgetting the polite ending 'desu' (です) in formal or neutral situations can sound abrupt. Conversely, using 'desu' in very casual settings with close friends might sound a bit stiff. However, 'se ga hikui desu' is generally safe and polite.
Paying attention to these distinctions will significantly improve your fluency and accuracy when describing height in Japanese.
While 背が低い (se ga hikui) is the most common and direct way to say 'short' for people, there are other related terms and nuances to consider.
- 背が高い (se ga takai)
- This is the direct opposite of 'se ga hikui' and means 'tall'. It follows the same grammatical structure: [Person/Subject] + は (wa) / が (ga) + 背が高い (se ga takai) + です (desu). Understanding this pair is crucial for describing height comprehensively.
- 小さい (chīsai)
- As mentioned earlier, 'chīsai' means 'small'. It's used for the size of objects, animals, or sometimes even children in a general sense of being small. Using it for adult human height is generally avoided as it's not specific to height and can imply overall smallness or even cuteness/childishness.
Comparison: 背が低い (short height) vs. 小さい (small size).
- 小柄 (kogara)
- This term means 'small build' or 'petite'. It's a more nuanced way to describe someone who is not only short but also slender or delicate in build. It's often used for women and can carry a slightly more positive or gentle connotation than simply 'se ga hikui'. 'Kogara na kata' (a petite person).
- 短身 (tansh in)
- This is a more formal or sometimes slightly less common term for 'short stature'. It directly translates to 'short body'. While understood, 'se ga hikui' is far more prevalent in everyday speech.
Understanding these alternatives allows for more precise and varied descriptions, enriching your vocabulary beyond the basic term.
How Formal Is It?
Fun Fact
The kanji for 'height/back' (背) itself is composed of 'moon' (月) and 'person' (人), possibly relating to the moon's phases influencing growth or the posture of a person.
Pronunciation Guide
- Pronouncing 'hikui' too long, like 'hee-koo-ee'. The 'i' sounds are short.
- Adding an extra syllable or misplacing stress.
- Confusing 'hikui' with similar-sounding words.
- Not clearly distinguishing the 'g' sound in 'ga'.
- Pronouncing 'se' as 'see'.
Difficulty Rating
At the A2 CEFR level, reading comprehension of 'se ga hikui' is straightforward. Learners can understand this phrase in simple sentences and common contexts found in beginner reading materials.
Producing sentences with 'se ga hikui' is manageable for A2 learners. They can construct simple descriptive sentences and use it in basic communicative tasks.
Speaking the phrase 'se ga hikui' is generally easy for A2 learners. Pronunciation is relatively simple, and the context for its use is common.
Recognizing 'se ga hikui' when spoken is achievable for A2 learners, especially in clear and standard pronunciation. Context often aids understanding.
What to Learn Next
Prerequisites
Learn Next
Advanced
Grammar to Know
Using adjectives as predicates.
背が低い (se ga hikui) is an i-adjective used as a predicate. It directly describes the subject.
Particles 'wa' (は) and 'ga' (が).
'Tanaka-san wa se ga hikui desu.' (Topic marker 'wa') vs. 'Ano hito ga se ga hikui desu.' (Subject marker 'ga', emphasizing 'that person').
Connecting clauses with 'kedo' (けれど) / 'ga' (が).
背が低いけれど、元気です。(Se ga hikui kedo, genki desu.) - Although I am short, I am energetic.
Using 'node' (ので) / 'kara' (から) for reasons.
背が低いので、高い棚の物が取れません。(Se ga hikui node, takai tana no mono ga toremasen.) - Because I am short, I cannot reach things on high shelves.
Comparative structures with 'yori' (より).
彼は私より背が低い。(Kare wa watashi yori se ga hikui.) - He is shorter than me.
Examples by Level
彼は背が低い。
He is short.
Basic sentence structure with subject + particle + predicate.
背が低い人。
A short person.
Noun phrase describing a person.
背が低いですか？
Are you short?
Simple question using the predicate.
いいえ、背が高いです。
No, I am tall.
Opposite of 'se ga hikui'.
背が低い犬。
A short dog.
Applying to animals, though 'chīsai' might be more common for overall smallness.
背が低くて、元気です。
I am short and energetic.
Connecting adjectives with 'te'-form.
背が低い子供。
A short child.
Describing a child's height.
背が低いのが好きです。
I like that someone is short.
Using the predicate as a noun phrase with 'no ga'.
私の兄は背が低いですが、とても親切です。
My older brother is short, but he is very kind.
'ga' used for contrastive conjunction.
あの女優さんは、テレビで見るより背が低いですね。
That actress is shorter than she appears on TV, isn't she?
Comparison using 'yori' (than).
子供の頃、私はみんなより背が低かったです。
When I was a child, I was shorter than everyone else.
Past tense of 'hikui'.
背が低い方は、この椅子に座ってください。
Those who are short, please sit in this chair.
'Kata' (方) is a polite suffix for people.
彼は背が低いので、バスケットボールは難しいかもしれません。
Because he is short, basketball might be difficult.
Using 'node' (because) to show reason.
背が低い人でも、努力すれば成功できる。
Even if a person is short, they can succeed if they work hard.
Using 'demo' (even if) to express concession.
このクラスでは、彼女が一番背が低い。
In this class, she is the shortest.
Superlative comparison.
背が低いことを気にしていますか？
Do you mind being short?
Using 'koto o ki ni shite imasu ka?' (Do you mind/worry about?).
彼女は小柄で、背が低いという印象を受ける。
She is petite, giving the impression of being short.
Combining 'kogara' (petite) with 'se ga hikui' for a nuanced description.
昔の時代劇では、武士は皆背が高かったが、農民は背が低い者が多かった。
In old historical dramas, samurai were all tall, but many peasants were short.
Historical context and general observation.
身長が低いことをコンプレックスに感じている人もいる。
Some people feel self-conscious about their short stature.
'Shinchō ga hikui' (height is low) is another way to express short stature.
このキャラクターは、背が低いことで有名だ。
This character is famous for being short.
Describing a characteristic that defines a character.
背が低い人は、高い棚の物を取るのが大変だろう。
It must be difficult for short people to reach things on high shelves.
Inferring difficulty based on height.
彼のスピーチは短かったが、背が低いことについては触れなかった。
His speech was short, but he didn't touch upon being short.
Using 'hikui' for speech length and 'se ga hikui' for height.
背が低いながらも、彼女はリーダーシップを発揮した。
Despite being short, she demonstrated leadership.
'Nagara mo' (despite/although) used for contrast.
平均身長より背が低い場合、健康診断で特別な注意が必要なことがある。
If one's height is below average, special attention may be required during a health check-up.
Medical context and comparison to average.
社会的なステレオタイプとして、背が低い男性は自信がないと見なされがちだ。
As a social stereotype, short men tend to be perceived as lacking confidence.
Discussing social stereotypes and perceptions.
この映画では、主人公の背の低さが彼の内面的な葛藤を象徴している。
In this movie, the protagonist's shortness symbolizes his inner conflict.
Symbolic use of physical characteristics in art.
子供の成長期に背が低い場合、専門医に相談することが推奨される。
If a child is short during their growth period, consulting a specialist is recommended.
Medical advice and developmental context.
彼は、自身の背の低さをユーモアでカバーする術を心得ている。
He knows how to cover his shortness with humor.
Coping mechanisms and personal strategies.
現代のファッション業界では、モデルの身長に対する固定観念が薄れつつあり、背が低いモデルも起用されるようになっている。
In the modern fashion industry, the fixed notion about models' height is fading, and shorter models are also being hired.
Social change and industry trends.
背が低いという身体的特徴が、彼の政治的キャリアに影響を与えたという見方もある。
There is also a view that his physical characteristic of being short influenced his political career.
Analyzing the impact of physical traits on professional life.
平均身長との乖離が著しい場合、単に「背が低い」と片付けるのではなく、その背景にある要因を考察する必要がある。
When the deviation from the average height is significant, it's necessary to consider the underlying factors rather than simply dismissing it as 'short'.
Analytical approach to physical characteristics.
彼は、自身の背の低さを戦略的に利用し、相手の意表を突くような戦術を得意としていた。
He skillfully used his shortness strategically, excelling in tactics that surprised opponents.
Strategic advantage derived from perceived limitations.
人間の進化の過程で、地域ごとの環境適応により、人々の平均身長には差異が生じ、背が低い集団と高い集団が現れた。
In the process of human evolution, environmental adaptations in different regions led to variations in average human height, resulting in populations that were short and populations that were tall.
Anthropological perspective on height variation.
文学作品において、登場人物の背の低さは、しばしば彼の内面の弱さや社会からの疎外感を象徴的に表現するために用いられる。
In literary works, a character's shortness is often used to symbolically express their inner weakness or sense of social alienation.
Literary analysis and symbolic representation.
現代社会における美の基準は多様化しており、かつてはネガティブに捉えられがちだった背の低さも、個性として肯定的に評価される風潮が出てきている。
Beauty standards in modern society are diversifying, and there is a growing trend to positively evaluate shortness, which was once often perceived negatively, as individuality.
Sociological commentary on beauty standards.
彼のパフォーマンスは、その圧倒的な声量と表現力で観客を魅了したが、ステージ上での背の低さがかえって親近感を与えていた。
His performance captivated the audience with his overwhelming vocal power and expressiveness, and paradoxically, his shortness on stage gave him an approachable quality.
Paradoxical effect of physical traits on audience perception.
歴史的に見て、特定の職業や社会階層において、背が低いことが不利に働いた例も散見されるが、それを乗り越えた偉人も数多く存在する。
Historically, there are instances where being short worked as a disadvantage in certain professions or social strata, but there are also many great figures who overcame it.
Historical analysis of height and societal roles.
この都市計画では、子供や背が低い高齢者の利便性を考慮し、公共施設の段差を極力なくす設計がなされている。
In this urban planning, to consider the convenience of children and short elderly people, designs have been made to minimize steps in public facilities.
Urban planning and accessibility considerations.
彼女の自伝には、幼少期から抱えてきた背の低さに対する複雑な感情と、それを乗り越えて自己肯定感を確立していく過程が克明に綴られている。
Her autobiography meticulously details the complex emotions she harbored regarding her shortness from childhood and the process of overcoming them to establish self-esteem.
Psychological exploration of self-perception.
芸術家が自身の身体的特徴、例えば背の低さを作品のモチーフとして取り入れることで、普遍的な人間の在り方や自己受容の重要性を問いかけている。
By incorporating their physical characteristics, such as shortness, as motifs in their artwork, artists question the universal human condition and the importance of self-acceptance.
Artistic expression and philosophical inquiry.
生物学的な観点から見ると、背の低さは遺伝的要因と環境要因の相互作用によって決定される多因子形質であり、その発達軌跡は個体ごとに大きく異なる。
From a biological perspective, shortness is a multifactorial trait determined by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors, and its developmental trajectory varies significantly among individuals.
Advanced biological explanation of height determination.
社会学的な言説においては、背の低さに対する認識は、時代や文化によって大きく変遷しており、単一の普遍的な価値判断では捉えきれない複雑な社会的構築物である。
In sociological discourse, perceptions of shortness have varied greatly depending on the era and culture, and it is a complex social construct that cannot be captured by a single universal value judgment.
Complex sociological analysis of height perception.
心理学的には、背の低さに対する自己認識が、個人の自己効力感や対人関係に及ぼす影響は無視できず、そのメカニズムの解明は精神的健康の増進に寄与する。
Psychologically, the impact of self-perception regarding shortness on an individual's self-efficacy and interpersonal relationships cannot be ignored, and elucidating its mechanisms contributes to the promotion of mental well-being.
Detailed psychological mechanisms and their implications.
文学批評において、登場人物の身体的特徴、とりわけ背の低さは、しばしば作者の意図や当時の社会規範を読み解くための重要な手がかりとなり、多層的な解釈を可能にする。
In literary criticism, a character's physical characteristics, particularly their shortness, often serve as crucial clues for deciphering the author's intentions and the social norms of the time, enabling multifaceted interpretations.
Advanced literary analysis techniques.
歴史的資料を精査すると、特定の社会階級や職業集団において、平均身長からの逸脱、すなわち背の低さが、その集団の社会経済的地位や役割に影響を与えていた形跡が見受けられる。
A close examination of historical documents reveals traces suggesting that deviation from average height, i.e., shortness, influenced the socioeconomic status and roles of specific social classes or occupational groups.
Historical research methodology and interpretation.
文化人類学的な研究では、民族や地域によって「理想的な身長」とされるものが異なり、背の低さに対する文化的な意味合いや価値観も多様であることが示されている。
Cultural anthropological studies show that the 'ideal height' varies among ethnicities and regions, and the cultural meanings and values associated with shortness are also diverse.
Cross-cultural comparative analysis.
この芸術作品は、鑑賞者の身体感覚に訴えかけることで、自己の身体性を再認識させ、背の低さといった身体的特徴に対する固定観念を揺るがす。
This artwork, by appealing to the viewer's bodily sensations, prompts a re-awareness of one's own physicality and challenges preconceived notions about physical characteristics such as shortness.
Art theory and viewer engagement.
言語学的な観点からは、「背が低い」という表現が持つニュアンスは、単なる物理的な高さを超え、しばしば謙虚さ、親しみやすさ、あるいは社会的なマイノリティといった象徴的な意味合いを内包している。
From a linguistic perspective, the nuances of the expression 'se ga hikui' extend beyond mere physical height, often encompassing symbolic meanings such as humility, approachability, or social minority status.
Linguistic analysis of semantic range and connotation.
Common Collocations
Common Phrases
— You are short.
A: この俳優さん、テレビで見るより背が低いですね。 B: ええ、私もそう思いました。
— Is he/she a short person?
A: あの人、誰ですか？ B: ああ、彼は背が低い人ですよ。
— Because I am short.
A: どうしてこの棚の物は取れないの？ B: 背が低いので、届きません。
— Although I am short, I am working hard.
A: 背が低いけれど、運動神経は抜群だね。 B: ありがとう。頑張っています。
— Being short is my worry/concern.
A: 何か悩みはありますか？ B: はい、背が低いのが悩みです。
— Are you someone who is short? (Polite)
A: この制服は、背が低い方にも合うように作られています。
— Regarding being short.
A: 背が低いことについて、何か言いたいことはありますか？
— It's tough/difficult when you are short.
A: 高いところにある物を取りたいんだけど、背が低いと大変だね。
— I am short, but I am active.
A: 彼女は背が低いけど、とても活発な子です。
— Being short is inherited from my parents.
A: どうしてそんなに背が低いんですか？ B: 親譲りです。
Often Confused With
While 'chīsai' means 'small', it's generally used for objects or overall size, not specifically for human height. Using it for people can be inaccurate or imply something other than just being short.
This is the direct opposite, meaning 'tall'. Learners might mistakenly use 'hikui' when they mean 'takai' or vice-versa.
While 'hikui' is the core adjective, the phrase 'se ga hikui' is the standard idiomatic expression for describing a person's height. Simply saying 'hikui' on its own might not be clear in context.
Idioms & Expressions
— To stretch oneself up, literally or figuratively. Figuratively, it means to try to appear older, more mature, or more capable than one actually is. This idiom uses 'senobi' which relates to height/stretching.
彼はまだ高校生なのに、背伸びをして大人ぶっている。 (He's still a high school student, but he's trying to act like an adult.)
— Literally 'Cannot exchange belly for back'. It means one must endure hardship or make sacrifices for a greater good or necessity. While not directly about height, 'se' (back/height) is part of the idiom.
このプロジェクトを成功させるためには、背に腹は代えられない。 (To make this project successful, we must endure hardship.)
— Literally 'back spirit'. This refers to a spirit or ghost believed to be behind a person, often influencing them. It plays on the word 'se' (back).
彼はまるで背後霊につかれているかのように、いつも暗い顔をしている。 (He always has a dark expression, as if he's possessed by a spirit behind him.)
— Literally 'battle formation with water at one's back'. This idiom means to fight with one's back against the wall, with no retreat possible, thus fighting with utmost determination. It signifies a desperate situation.
我々は背水の陣でこの試合に臨むしかない。 (We have no choice but to face this match with our backs against the wall.)
— To carry on one's back. Figuratively, it means to bear a responsibility, burden, or debt. This verb directly uses the kanji for 'back' (背).
彼は家族の借金を一人で背負っている。 (He is bearing the family's debt alone.)
— Literally 'to write on someone's back'. This is often used in the context of non-verbal communication or understanding someone's intentions without them explicitly stating them, as if they were written on their back.
彼の表情を見て、何を考えているか背中に書くように分かった。 (Looking at his expression, I understood what he was thinking as if it were written on his back.)
— A Western-style suit (for men). The origin is said to be from 'Savile Row' in London, and the 'se' here refers to the back of the jacket.
彼は大事な会議のために背広を着ていた。 (He wore a suit for the important meeting.)
— As much as one's back can hold; to the fullest extent possible. It implies maximum effort or capacity.
彼は背一杯の荷物を抱えて運んだ。 (He carried the load as much as his back could hold.)
— To lean one's back against something; to trust someone completely. It implies a sense of safety, reliance, or deep trust.
信頼できる友には、背中を預けることができる。 (You can trust your reliable friends completely.)
— Literally 'to stab in the back'. This refers to betrayal by someone close, a treacherous act.
親友に背中に铛を刺されたような気持ちだった。 (I felt like I had been stabbed in the back by my best friend.)
Easily Confused
Both 'chīsai' and 'hikui' can relate to size or lack of height.
'Chīsai' means 'small' and is used for objects, general size, or sometimes children. 'Se ga hikui' specifically means 'short in height' when referring to people. Saying 'ano hito wa chīsai desu' might imply they are small in build or even childish, not necessarily just short.
This small box is 'chīsai' (小さい箱). This short person is 'se ga hikui' (背が低い人).
It is the direct antonym, and learners might mix up 'hikui' (low/short) and 'takai' (high/tall).
'Se ga hikui' describes someone who is short, while 'se ga takai' describes someone who is tall. They are complete opposites in meaning when referring to height.
'Tanaka-san wa se ga hikui desu.' (Mr. Tanaka is short.) vs. 'Tanaka-san wa se ga takai desu.' (Mr. Tanaka is tall.)
This is the adverbial form of 'hikui'. Learners might use it incorrectly in place of the full predicate phrase.
'Hikui' (低い) is the adjective 'low' or 'short'. 'Hikuku' (低く) is the adverbial form, often used to modify verbs or other adjectives (e.g., 'hikuku iu' - to speak in a low voice). The phrase for describing height is 'se ga hikui', not just 'se ga hikuku'.
The correct phrase is 'se ga hikui' (背が低い). Using 'se ga hikuku' would be grammatically incorrect in this context.
Both 'kogara' and 'se ga hikui' describe someone who is not tall.
'Se ga hikui' simply means 'short in height'. 'Kogara' means 'petite' or 'small build', implying not only shortness but also a slender or delicate frame. It often carries a gentler connotation, especially for women.
'She is short' could be 'Kanojo wa se ga hikui desu.' If she is also slender, 'Kanojo wa kogara desu.' (She is petite.)
Both relate to a person's vertical size.
'Shinchō' (身長) is the noun 'height' or 'stature'. 'Se ga hikui' is the predicate phrase meaning 'is short'. You would say 'shinchō ga hikui' (身長が低い - height is low) or 'shinchō wa hikui desu' (身長は低いです - height is low), but 'se ga hikui' is more common and idiomatic for describing a person.
'Watashi no shinchō wa 158 cm desu.' (My height is 158 cm.) vs. 'Watashi wa se ga hikui desu.' (I am short.)
Sentence Patterns
Subject + は/が + 背が低い + です。
彼は背が低い です。
Subject + は/が + 背が低い + くて + Adjective/Verb。
背が低い くて、親切です。
Subject + は/が + 背が低い + です + が + Adjective/Verb。
背が低い ですが、元気です。
Subject + は/が + 背が低い + ので/から + Result。
背が低い ので、高い所が届きません。
Subject A + は/が + Subject B + より + 背が低い。
彼は私より 背が低い。
Subject + は/が + 背が低い + という + Noun。
背が低い という特徴がある。
Subject + は/が + 背が低い + こと + を + Verb。
背が低い ことを気にしている。
Although Subject + は/が + 背が低い + ながらも + Verb/Adjective。
背が低い ながらも、彼はリーダーシップを発揮した。
Word Family
Nouns
Verbs
Adjectives
Related
How to Use It
Very High
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Using 'chīsai' (小さい) for adult height.
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背が低い (se ga hikui)
'Chīsai' means 'small' and is for objects or general size. 'Se ga hikui' is specifically for a person's short height.
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Pronouncing 'hikui' with long vowels.
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Pronounce 'hi-kui' with short 'i' sounds.
Incorrect pronunciation can lead to misunderstanding. Ensure the 'i' sounds are short and crisp.
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Using 'se ga hikui' for objects.
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Use 'hikui' (低い) or 'chīsai' (小さい) depending on context.
'Se ga hikui' is idiomatic for people's height. For an object, you'd say 'hikui tēburu' (低いテーブル - low table).
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Forgetting 'desu' in polite speech.
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Subject + は/が + 背が低い + です。
Omitting 'desu' can make the statement sound abrupt or informal. Add 'desu' for politeness.
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Confusing 'hikui' and 'takai'.
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Use 'hikui' for short and 'takai' for tall.
These are direct opposites. Mixing them up completely changes the meaning.
Tips
Short Vowels
Pay attention to the short 'i' sounds in 'hikui'. Avoid elongating them, as this can change the word's sound and meaning.
Predicate Adjective
'Se ga hikui' functions as a predicate adjective. The structure [Subject] + wa/ga + se ga hikui + desu is very common for making statements.
Politeness Levels
While 'se ga hikui' is neutral, adding 'desu' makes it polite. For extra politeness, especially when referring to someone else, use 'se ga hikui kata' (背が低い方).
Visual Associations
Create a mental image of a short person reaching for something high, or a short ladder. Associating the sound 'hikui' with 'hiccup' can also be a memorable mnemonic.
Cultural Nuance
While generally neutral, be mindful of context and tone. Avoid overusing the phrase or using it in a way that might make someone feel self-conscious about their height.
Opposite Meanings
Always remember the antonym 'se ga takai' (tall) to fully grasp the meaning of 'se ga hikui'.
Active Recall
Try to describe people around you (or in pictures) using 'se ga hikui' or 'se ga takai'. This active recall significantly aids in memorization.
Particles 'wa' vs. 'ga'
Understand that 'wa' typically marks the topic, while 'ga' marks the subject, often introducing new information or emphasizing it. For general statements, 'wa' is common.
Synonym Exploration
Learn related terms like 'kogara' (petite) and 'tansh in' (formal short stature) to add nuance to your descriptions.
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Imagine a very short person trying to reach something high, their 'se' (back/height) is 'hikui' (low). Visualize a short ladder or a low shelf.
Visual Association
Picture a very short person standing next to a tall person, emphasizing the contrast. Or, imagine a small plant that is 'hikui' (low) compared to a tall tree.
Word Web
Challenge
Try to describe three people you know using 'se ga hikui' or 'se ga takai'. For example, 'My mother is short (se ga hikui).' 'My friend Kenji is tall (se ga takai).' Then, try to use it in a sentence comparing two people.
Word Origin
The phrase originates from the combination of 'se' (背), meaning 'back' or 'height', and 'hikui' (低い), meaning 'low'. The particle 'ga' (が) functions as a subject marker, indicating that the 'height' is 'low'. This literal construction is common in Japanese for describing characteristics.
Original meaning: Literally 'height is low'.
JaponicCultural Context
While 'se ga hikui' is generally neutral, avoid using it repeatedly or excessively when describing someone, especially if they seem self-conscious about their height. In formal settings or when speaking about someone respectfully, using 'se ga hikui kata' (polite form) or focusing on other attributes is advisable.
In English-speaking cultures, 'short' can sometimes carry negative connotations, especially for men, and phrases like 'shorty' can be derogatory. While 'se ga hikui' is neutral in Japanese, it's still good practice to be mindful of context and tone when using it.
Practice in Real Life
Real-World Contexts
Describing people in everyday conversation.
- あの人は背が低いですね。
- 私の弟は背が低い方です。
- 背が低いけれど、元気な人です。
Introducing someone.
- 彼は背が低いですが、とても優しいです。
- 彼女は背が低いですが、仕事ができます。
Discussing physical characteristics in media (anime, dramas).
- このキャラクターは背が低いのが特徴です。
- 背が低い主人公が活躍する物語です。
Comparing heights.
- 田中さんは鈴木さんより背が低い。
- 昔はみんな背が低かった。
- 平均より背が低い。
Talking about personal attributes or preferences.
- 背が低いのが悩みです。
- 背が低い人が好きです。
- 背が低いことなんて気にしない。
Conversation Starters
"今日の天気はどうですか？"
"週末は何をしましたか？"
"最近、面白い映画を見ましたか？"
"あなたの好きな食べ物は何ですか？"
"日本語の勉強は順調ですか？"
Journal Prompts
Describe your ideal living space and why.
Write about a time you overcame a challenge.
What are your goals for the next year?
Reflect on a memorable trip you took.
Describe a person you admire and the reasons why.
Frequently Asked Questions
10 questionsGenerally, 'se ga hikui' is a neutral and common way to describe someone's height as short. It is not inherently rude. However, like any descriptor, the context, tone of voice, and relationship between speakers can affect its perception. Using it repeatedly or in a condescending manner could be perceived negatively. For more politeness, especially when referring to someone else, 'se ga hikui kata' (背が低い方) is a good option.
It's best not to. 'Chīsai' (小さい) means 'small' and is typically used for objects, animals, or general size. While it might be used for very young children, using it for adults' height can be inaccurate or imply they are small in overall build or even childish, rather than specifically short in stature. Stick to 'se ga hikui' for people's height.
The direct opposite is 'se ga takai' (背が高い), which means 'tall'. You can also use the more formal term 'chōshin' (長身) for tall stature.
You would say 'Watashi wa se ga hikui desu' (私は背が低いですが) in polite Japanese. If you are speaking casually to friends, you can omit 'desu' and say 'Watashi wa se ga hikui' (私は背が低い).
While 'se ga hikui' is gender-neutral, the term 'kogara' (小柄) is often used for women and means 'petite' or 'small build', implying shortness along with a slender frame. It often carries a gentler connotation than just 'se ga hikui'.
You can use 'se ga hikui' for anyone considered short relative to the average or compared to others. You could also use 'heikin yori hikui' (平均より低い), meaning 'below average', for a more objective description.
Primarily, 'se ga hikui' is used for people's height. For objects, you would use 'hikui' (低い) on its own to mean 'low' (e.g., a low table - hikui tēburu, 低いテーブル) or 'chīsai' (小さい) for 'small'.
The literal translation is 'height is low'. 'Se' (背) means 'height' or 'back', 'ga' (が) is a subject particle, and 'hikui' (低い) means 'low'.
You can ask 'O-se ga takai desu ka?' (お背が高いですか？ - Are you tall?) or more directly, 'Shinchō wa dore kurai desu ka?' (身長はどれくらいですか？ - About how tall are you?).
Yes, 'chibi' (ちび) is a colloquial and often childish term for someone short. It can sometimes be affectionate for children or pets, but for adults, it can be impolite or derogatory, similar to 'shorty' in English.
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Summary
The phrase 背が低い (se ga hikui) is the standard and most direct way to describe a person as being short in height in Japanese. It is neutral, widely understood, and applicable to people of all ages, making it an essential vocabulary item for everyday communication.
- 背が低い (se ga hikui) means 'short' when referring to a person's height.
- It's a neutral and common phrase used in everyday Japanese.
- The literal translation is 'height is low'.
- Use it to describe people of any age.
Context is Key
Remember that 'se ga hikui' is specifically for people's height. For objects, use 'hikui' (low) or 'chīsai' (small). For petite builds, especially women, 'kogara' is a good alternative.
Short Vowels
Pay attention to the short 'i' sounds in 'hikui'. Avoid elongating them, as this can change the word's sound and meaning.
Predicate Adjective
'Se ga hikui' functions as a predicate adjective. The structure [Subject] + wa/ga + se ga hikui + desu is very common for making statements.
Politeness Levels
While 'se ga hikui' is neutral, adding 'desu' makes it polite. For extra politeness, especially when referring to someone else, use 'se ga hikui kata' (背が低い方).
Example
彼は背が低いが、バスケットボールが上手だ。
Related Content
Related Grammar Rules
More general words
いくつか
B1An unspecified small number of things; some, a few.
ちょっと
A2A little; a moment; a bit. Small amount or short time.
すこし
A2A little; a few.
さっき
A2A little while ago; a short time past.
能力
A1Nouryoku refers to the mental or physical power, skill, or capacity required to perform a specific task or function. It can describe both innate talent and skills acquired through learning and practice.
異常
A1A word used to describe something that deviates from the normal state, standard, or expected pattern. It often implies a problem, malfunction, or an extraordinary occurrence that requires attention or investigation.
～について
A2About, concerning; indicates topic.
〜について
B1About, concerning; on the subject of.
～ぐらい
A2about, approximately
ぐらい
A2About; approximately; to the extent of.
