When you want to say “to close” in Japanese, you can use the verb 閉じる (とじる). This word is typically used for things that are made of multiple parts that can be brought together, like a book or an umbrella. Think of it as bringing parts together to shut something.
For example, if you want to close a book, you would use 閉じる. It's a transitive verb, which means it takes a direct object. So you're actively doing the closing to something else.
When you want to say "to close" something in Japanese, you'll often use 閉じる (tojiru). This verb is a transitive verb, which means it needs a direct object – something being closed. Think of closing a book, an umbrella, or even your eyes. It's a very common verb, so you'll hear and use it a lot.
When you're talking about closing something like a book, an eye, a mouth, or even an application on your computer, the verb you want to use is 閉じる (tojiru). It's a transitive verb, meaning it directly acts upon an object. Think of it as actively performing the action of closing.
For example, if you want to say 'close the book,' you would say 「本を閉じる。」 (Hon o tojiru.) If someone tells you to close your eyes, they might say 「目を閉じてください。」 (Me o tojite kudasai.).
When you want to say "to close" in Japanese, you have a few options depending on what you're closing. For things like books, eyes, or umbrellas, the verb 閉じる (tojiru) is typically used. Think of it as closing something that folds or comes together.
For example, if you're done reading, you might say, "本を閉じる" (hon o tojiru - to close the book). Or, if you're tired, you might "目を閉じる" (me o tojiru - to close your eyes). This verb often implies a gentle or natural closing action.
When you want to say "to close" in Japanese, you have a few options depending on what you're closing. For things like books, eyes, or a mouth, you'll generally use 閉じる (tojiru). This verb is transitive, meaning it takes a direct object. So, you would say 「本を閉じる」 (hon o tojiru) for "to close a book."
When you want to express the action of closing something that has an opening, such as a book, a laptop, or an umbrella, the verb to use is 閉じる (tojiru). It is a transitive verb, meaning it directly acts upon an object. For example, if you finish reading and want to close your book, you would use 閉じる. This verb is common in everyday situations for various items that fold or shut. Remember to use it when the action is intentional and performed by someone on an object.
閉じる in 30 Seconds
- Use for closing books, eyes, files.
- It's a transitive verb (you close something).
- Think 'shutting' something.
§ What Does 閉じる Mean?
- Japanese Word
- 閉じる (とじる)
- Definition
- To close (transitive, e.g., a book, eyes, mouth, umbrella, file/document on a computer). This verb is used when you physically bring together two sides of something, or when you end something that was open or active.
The verb 閉じる (とじる) is a really useful word to know in Japanese. It's a transitive verb, which means it takes a direct object. You use it when you are the one performing the action of closing something. Think of it as the opposite of 開く (ひらく), which means 'to open'.
You'll often hear 閉じる when people are talking about closing everyday items. The most common examples are books, eyes, and mouths. But it's not just for physical objects. You can also use it for things like closing a computer file or even an umbrella. The key idea is that something that was 'open' is now 'closed' because you did something to it.
§ Common Uses of 閉じる
Let's look at some of the most frequent situations where you'll use 閉じる.
- Closing a Book or Notebook: This is a classic example. You finish reading and you close the book.
本を閉じる。
- Hint
- Close the book.
ページを閉じてください。
- Hint
- Please close the page (of the book).
- Closing Your Eyes: Whether you're sleeping, concentrating, or just taking a moment, this is the verb you'll use.
目を閉じる。
- Hint
- Close one's eyes.
彼は静かに目を閉じた。
- Hint
- He quietly closed his eyes.
- Closing Your Mouth: Useful for telling someone to stop talking, or simply describing the action.
口を閉じなさい！
- Hint
- Close your mouth! (A bit strong, like 'Shut up!')
- Closing an Umbrella: When the rain stops, you close your umbrella.
傘を閉じる。
- Hint
- Close the umbrella.
- Closing a Computer File or Program: In the digital world, this verb is also applicable.
ファイルを閉じる前に保存してください。
- Hint
- Please save the file before closing it.
As you can see, 閉じる covers a good range of 'closing' actions. The main thing to remember is that it's about you closing something.
§ Understanding 閉じる (tojiru)
Let's get straight to it. Today we're looking at 閉じる (tojiru). This verb means "to close." It's an A2 level verb, so you'll hear and use it a lot. The key thing to remember is that 閉じる is a transitive verb. This means it needs a direct object. You "close something."
Think of it this way: you are actively performing the action of closing on an object. This is different from intransitive verbs where something "closes by itself." For 閉じる, the focus is on the agent doing the closing.
- Japanese Word
- 閉じる (tojiru)
- Meaning
- To close (transitive, e.g., a book, eyes)
- CEFR Level
- A2
§ Basic Sentence Structure with 閉じる
The most common way to use 閉じる is with the direct object marker を (o). The pattern is simple:
- [Noun] を 閉じる (to close [Noun])
Let's look at some direct examples:
本を閉じる 。
- Hint
- To close the book.
目を閉じる 。
- Hint
- To close one's eyes.
Notice that 閉じる is often used for things like books, eyes, mouths, or something that folds or can be sealed. It's less common for large, fixed objects like doors or windows (though not impossible in certain contexts, it's not the primary verb you'd reach for).
§ Using Different Tenses and Forms
Like all verbs, 閉じる can be conjugated into various tenses and forms. Here are a few common ones:
- Dictionary form: 閉じる (tojiru - to close)
- -masu form: 閉じます (tojimasu - to close, polite)
- -te form: 閉じて (tojite - closing, or for connecting clauses)
- Past tense (た form): 閉じた (tojita - closed)
- Past tense (ました form): 閉じました (tojimashta - closed, polite)
本を閉じて ください。
- Hint
- Please close the book.
彼は目を閉じました 。
- Hint
- He closed his eyes.
§ Common Usage Scenarios
閉じる is most frequently used in specific contexts. Focus on these to get it right:
- Books and Reading Materials: This is probably the most common.
- Hint
- Please close the magazine.
- Eyes: When you close your eyes, 閉じる is the verb you need.
- Hint
- The boy quietly closed his eyes.
- Mouth: Less common than eyes or books, but still applicable.
- Hint
- To "close one's mouth" means to be silent.
雑誌を閉じて ください。
少年は静かに目を閉じた 。
口を閉じる というのは、黙っているという意味です。
§ Practical Application
The best way to get comfortable with 閉じる is to practice. Try creating your own sentences using the common objects we discussed. For instance:
- Can you tell someone to close their textbook?
- How would you say you closed your notebook after studying?
Understanding when to use 閉じる versus other 'close' verbs will come with practice and exposure. For now, focus on its transitive nature and its primary associations with books and eyes.
Let's learn how to use the Japanese word 「閉じる」 (とじる - tojiru). This word means "to close." It's often used for things that have covers or can be shut, like books, eyes, or even computer applications. It's a transitive verb, which means it takes a direct object. Think of it as actively closing something.
You'll hear 「閉じる」 in many everyday situations, from casual conversations to more formal settings like work or news reports. Understanding its nuances will help you sound more natural in Japanese.
§ Basic Usage: Closing Physical Objects
The most common use of 「閉じる」 is for closing physical objects that have a natural way to close. This includes books, notebooks, files, and even your eyes.
- DEFINITION
- To close (a book, eyes, file, etc.).
本を閉じる。
Hon o tojiru.
Close the book.
目を閉じてください。
Me o tojite kudasai.
Please close your eyes.
§ At Work and School
In professional and academic settings, 「閉じる」 is frequently used when dealing with documents, applications, and meetings.
- DEFINITION
- To close (a file, application, meeting, business).
このファイルを閉じてください。
Kono fairu o tojite kudasai.
Please close this file.
会議を閉じる時間です。
Kaigi o tojiru jikan desu.
It's time to close the meeting.
アプリを閉じて再起動してください。
Apuri o tojite saikidou shite kudasai.
Please close the app and restart it.
§ In the News and Public Announcements
You'll also encounter 「閉じる」 in news reports or public announcements, often related to the closure of events, businesses, or public facilities.
- DEFINITION
- To close (an event, facility, the stock market).
イベントは午後5時に閉じます。
Ibento wa gogo go-ji ni tojimasu.
The event will close at 5 PM.
今日の株式市場は高値で閉じました。
Kyou no kabushiki shijou wa takane de tojimaa.
Today's stock market closed at a high price.
§ Related Words and When to Use Them
Japanese has several words that mean "to close," but they are used for different types of objects. Here's a quick comparison:
- 「閉じる」 (tojiru): For things that fold or have covers (books, eyes, files, meetings).
- 「閉める」 (shimeru): For doors, windows, lids, boxes. This implies a more general act of shutting something.
- 「閉ざす」 (tozasu): A more literary or emphatic way to say "close," often used for hearts, paths, or opportunities. It can imply a more permanent or strong closure.
§ Practice Sentences
Here are a few more sentences to help you practice using 「閉じる」:
パソコンの画面を閉じる前に、保存してください。
Pasokon no gamen o tojiru mae ni, hozon shite kudasai.
Please save before closing the computer screen.
その店は来月閉じることになった。
Sono mise wa raigetsu tojiru koto ni natta.
That store will close next month.
By practicing these examples and paying attention to the context, you'll soon master the use of 「閉じる」!
§ よくある間違い (Common Mistakes)
When you're learning Japanese, especially at the A2 level, verbs like 「閉じる」(tojiru) can be a bit tricky because they have specific uses. Many learners confuse 「閉じる」 with other words that also mean 'to close' or 'to shut'. Let's clear up these common misunderstandings so you can use 「閉じる」 correctly every time.
§ 間違い1: ドアや窓に「閉じる」を使う (Mistake 1: Using 「閉じる」 for Doors and Windows)
This is probably the most frequent mistake. While 「閉じる」 means 'to close', it's generally not used for closing doors, windows, or gates. For these physical openings, the correct verb is 「閉める」(shimeru).
窓を閉めるのを忘れないでください。
Translation hint: Don't forget to close the window.
§ 間違い2: 自動的に閉まるものに「閉じる」を使う (Mistake 2: Using 「閉じる」 for Things That Close Automatically)
When something closes by itself, or is in the state of being closed, you're often looking for the intransitive verb 「閉まる」(shimaru), not the transitive 「閉じる」 (tojiru).
駅の改札口は夜12時に閉まります。
Translation hint: The station gate closes at 12 AM.
§ 間違い3: 情報を隠す意味で「閉じる」を使う (Mistake 3: Using 「閉じる」 to Mean Hiding Information)
Sometimes learners might try to use 「閉じる」 when they mean to 'hide' or 'conceal' information, especially in a digital context like closing a file or a tab. While you do 'close' a file, the nuance for 'hiding' information is different.
When you're literally closing a file or an application on a computer, 「閉じる」 is correct. (e.g., ファイルを閉じる - to close a file).
However, if you're talking about concealing or keeping information private, other verbs or phrases are more appropriate, like 「隠す」(kakusu - to hide) or 「秘密にする」(himitsu ni suru - to keep secret).
パソコンを閉じる前に保存してください。
Translation hint: Please save before closing your laptop.
§ まとめ (Summary)
To recap the main differences:
「閉じる」 (tojiru): Use for things that fold or come together, like books, eyes, mouths, umbrellas, or digital windows/tabs. It's a transitive verb (you perform the action).
「閉める」 (shimeru): Use for physical barriers like doors, windows, and gates. Also a transitive verb.
「閉まる」 (shimaru): This is the intransitive version of 「閉める」, meaning something closes by itself or is in a closed state. Use it for stores closing, or doors automatically shutting.
Practice these distinctions, and you'll find yourself using 「閉じる」 and its related verbs much more naturally. Keep up the good work!
§ Understanding “閉じる” (tojiru)
When you're learning Japanese, words for 'to close' can be a bit tricky because there are several. Let's focus on “閉じる” (tojiru) and how it fits in with other common verbs.
- Definition
- To close (transitive, e.g., a book, eyes, a mouth, a meeting, an umbrella)
“閉じる” is primarily used when you are actively closing something. Think of it as a direct action. It's often used for things that have a 'hinge' or fold in some way, like books, eyes, or umbrellas. It can also be used more abstractly for things like meetings or even shops, meaning to bring them to an end or to cease operation.
本を閉じる 。
Translation hint: To close the book.
目を閉じる 。
Translation hint: To close one's eyes.
§ Similar Words and When to Use Them
Here are some other common verbs that also mean 'to close' and how they differ from “閉じる”:
§ “閉める” (shimeru)
- Definition
- To close (transitive, e.g., a door, a window, a bag)
This is probably the most common 'to close' verb you'll encounter. “閉める” is used for things that *shut* or *seal*, like doors, windows, and bags. It often implies a more secure or complete closing than “閉じる”.
ドアを閉める 。
Translation hint: To close the door.
窓を閉める 。
Translation hint: To close the window.
§ “閉まる” (shimaru)
- Definition
- To close (intransitive, e.g., a door, a shop, eyes)
“閉まる” is the intransitive counterpart to “閉める”. This means the action happens *to* the object, rather than someone doing the action. It's used when a door closes by itself, or a shop closes at the end of the day. It can also be used for eyes, similar to “閉じる”, but often implies they've closed on their own (e.g., due to sleepiness).
ドアが閉まる 。
Translation hint: The door closes.
店は午後６時に閉まる 。
Translation hint: The shop closes at 6 PM.
§ “欧する” (fusagu)
- Definition
- To block, to plug up, to cover
While not a direct translation of 'to close', “欧する” (fusagu) is important to know. It means to block or plug something up, preventing passage or sight. Think of it more as 'obstructing' rather than simply 'closing'.
穴を欧する 。
Translation hint: To plug the hole.
耳を欧する 。
Translation hint: To cover one's ears.
§ Key Differences:
“閉じる” (tojiru): Often for things that fold or hinge, like books, eyes, or an umbrella. Also for ending meetings or abstract 'closings'.
“閉める” (shimeru): For things that shut, seal, or latch, like doors, windows, and bags. Implies a more secure close.
“閉まる” (shimaru): The intransitive version of “閉める”. The item closes itself, or is in a closed state.
“欧する” (fusagu): To block or obstruct, preventing access or view.
How Formal Is It?
"図書館は午後5時に閉鎖します。(Toshokan wa gogo goji ni heisa shimasu.) - The library will close at 5 PM."
"窓を閉めてください。(Mado o shimete kudasai.) - Please close the window."
"本を閉じて。(Hon o tojite.) - Close the book."
"絵本をぱたんとした。(Ehong o patan to shita.) - (He/She) closed the picture book with a 'patan' sound."
"店を締め落とす時間だ。(Mise o shimeotosu jikan da.) - It's time to shut down the shop."
Fun Fact
The kanji 閉 (hei) means 'close' or 'shut' and is also used in words like 閉める (shimeru) which is a more general verb for closing things.
Pronunciation Guide
- Pronouncing the 'ji' sound too softly, it should be a clear 'd͡ʑi' sound.
Difficulty Rating
Short kanji, commonly encountered.
Relatively simple kanji strokes.
Straightforward pronunciation.
Clear sound, easy to distinguish.
What to Learn Next
Prerequisites
Learn Next
Advanced
Grammar to Know
「を」: The direct object particle. Used when the verb directly acts upon a noun. '閉じる' is a transitive verb, so it takes a direct object.
本を閉じる (hon o tojiru) - To close a book.
Te-form + ください: Used to make a polite request. For '閉じる', the te-form is '閉じて'.
窓を閉じてください (mado o tojite kudasai) - Please close the window.
Potential form (～ことができる): Indicates capability. For '閉じる', it's '閉じることができる'.
ドアを閉じることができます (doa o tojiru koto ga dekiru) - I can close the door.
Passive form (～られる): Used when something is closed by an external force. For '閉じる', it's '閉じられる'.
本は風で閉じられた (hon wa kaze de tojirareta) - The book was closed by the wind.
Volitional form (～よう): Expresses an intention or suggestion to do something. For '閉じる', it's '閉じよう'.
店を閉じよう (mise o tojiyou) - Let's close the store.
Examples by Level
本を閉じてください。
Please close the book.
ドアを閉じます。
I close the door.
目を閉じて、よく寝ます。
Close my eyes and sleep well.
彼女は窓を閉めました。
She closed the window.
店は午後５時に閉じます。
The store closes at 5 PM.
傘を閉じてください。
Please close your umbrella.
会議はもう閉じました。
The meeting has already closed.
彼は本を閉じて、立ち上がった。
He closed the book and stood up.
本を閉じてください。
Please close the book.
ドアをゆっくり閉めます。
I close the door slowly.
目を閉じて、考えてください。
Please close your eyes and think.
彼女は窓を閉めました。
She closed the window.
店は夜9時に閉じます。
The store closes at 9 PM.
傘を閉じて、中に入りましょう。
Let's close the umbrella and go inside.
彼は本を閉じて、立ち上がりました。
He closed the book and stood up.
今日の会議は午後3時に閉じます。
Today's meeting closes at 3 PM.
本を読み終えたら、閉じてください。
When you finish reading the book, please close it.
〜たら: 'when/if' (conditional), てください: 'please do'
パソコンがフリーズしたので、アプリを強制的に閉じました。
My computer froze, so I force-closed the app.
〜ので: 'because' (reason), 強制的に: 'forcibly'
会議が終わったら、資料を閉じて持ち帰ってください。
After the meeting, please close the documents and take them home.
〜たら: 'when/if' (conditional), 〜て持ち帰る: 'do X and take it home'
風が強いので、窓を閉じておきましょう。
The wind is strong, so let's close the window.
〜ので: 'because' (reason), 〜ておく: 'do something in advance/for preparation'
プレゼンテーションの準備ができたので、スライドを閉じます。
I've finished preparing the presentation, so I'm closing the slides.
〜ができたので: 'because I finished/prepared', 〜ます: (plain form of 'to close')
電気を消して、カーテンを閉じて寝ました。
I turned off the lights, closed the curtains, and went to sleep.
〜て〜て寝る: 'do X, do Y, and then sleep'
お店が閉店時間なので、ドアを閉じてください。
The store is closing, so please close the door.
〜なので: 'because' (reason), てください: 'please do'
読みかけの本を閉じて、休憩することにしました。
I closed the book I was reading and decided to take a break.
〜かけの: 'in the middle of doing', 〜ことにしました: 'decided to do'
その本を閉じて、休憩しましょう。
Let's close that book and take a break.
ドアが自動的に閉じるのを確認してください。
Please make sure the door closes automatically.
彼女は目に手を当てて閉じた。
She covered her eyes with her hands and closed them.
会議が終わったら、パソコンを閉じてください。
Please close your laptop once the meeting is over.
このファイルは安全のため、すぐに閉じるべきです。
This file should be closed immediately for security.
本を閉じる前に、しおりを挟むのを忘れないでください。
Don't forget to put a bookmark in before closing the book.
商店街の多くの店が午後7時に閉じる。
Many shops in the shopping district close at 7 PM.
過去の出来事を心に閉じることは難しい。
It's hard to close off past events in your heart.
Common Collocations
Common Phrases
目を閉じて、考えてみてください。
Close your eyes and try to think.
食べ終わったら、口を閉じてください。
Please close your mouth after eating.
読み終わったら、本を閉じてください。
Please close the book when you finish reading.
雨が止んだら、傘を閉じる。
When the rain stops, I close my umbrella.
午後5時に店を閉じる。
We close the shop at 5 PM.
会議はもうすぐ閉じるでしょう。
The meeting will probably close soon.
彼女は静かに幕を閉じた。
She quietly closed the curtain (ended that chapter).
作業が終わったら、ファイルを閉じてください。
Please close the file when you're done with your work.
このページを閉じても大丈夫ですか？
Is it okay to close this page?
風が強いので、ドアを閉めてください。
The wind is strong, so please close the door.
Often Confused With
The direct opposite of 閉める, meaning 'to open' (transitive). Used for doors, windows.
The direct opposite of 閉まる, meaning 'to open' (intransitive). Used for doors, windows, books.
While also meaning 'to open,' this has a broader sense like 'to open up' a new path or 'to develop' an area, not typically for physically closing/opening objects.
Grammar Patterns
Idioms & Expressions
"目を閉じる"
To close one's eyes
疲れていて、すぐに目を閉じた。
neutral"口を閉じる"
To close one's mouth, to keep silent
彼は何も言わずに口を閉じた。
neutral"本を閉じる"
To close a book
読み終わったら本を閉じてください。
neutral"傘を閉じる"
To close an umbrella
雨が止んだので傘を閉じた。
neutral"幕を閉じる"
To bring down the curtain, to end
長年の活動に幕を閉じる。
formal"店を閉じる"
To close a shop
午後6時に店を閉じる。
neutral"会を閉じる"
To close a meeting/assembly
議長が会を閉じた。
formal"ドアを閉じる"
To close a door
部屋を出るときはドアを閉めてください。
neutral"耳を閉じる"
To close one's ears, to not listen
彼はアドバイスに耳を閉じた。
neutral"心を閉じる"
To close one's heart, to shut oneself off
辛い経験から心を閉じてしまった。
neutralEasily Confused
Many English speakers confuse this with other verbs meaning 'to close' because Japanese has several such verbs depending on the object being closed. This specific verb is used for things that can be folded or hinged.
Used for things that open and close like books, laptops, eyes, or umbrellas. Think of items with a 'fold' or a 'hinge.' It's transitive.
本を閉じる。(Hon o tojiru.) - To close a book. / 目を閉じる。(Me o tojiru.) - To close one's eyes.
Also means 'to close,' leading to confusion with 閉じる. Both are transitive.
Used for things that slide or swing to close, like doors, windows, or shops. Think of items that have a 'barrier' or 'opening' that is being sealed.
ドアを閉める。(Doa o shimeru.) - To close the door. / 店を閉める。(Mise o shimeru.) - To close the shop.
Sounds very similar to 閉める and also means 'to close,' but its grammatical function is different.
This is the intransitive version of 閉める. It means 'to close' but implies something *itself* closes, rather than someone *closing* something. Used for doors, windows, shops.
ドアが閉まる。(Doa ga shimaru.) - The door closes. (It closes by itself, or it's simply shut.) / 店が閉まる。(Mise ga shimaru.) - The shop closes. (Referring to its closing time.)
Has the same reading 'shimeru' as 閉める, but a different kanji and meaning.
Means 'to fasten,' 'to tie,' or 'to tighten.' Used for belts, ties, bolts, or seatbelts.
シートベルトを締める。(Shiitoberuto o shimeru.) - To fasten the seatbelt. / ネクタイを締める。(Nekutai o shimeru.) - To tie a necktie.
Another verb meaning 'to close,' often confused with 閉じる and 閉める.
More formal or literary than 閉める/閉まる. Often implies closing something completely, tightly, or for a long period, sometimes with an emotional nuance. Used for hearts, gates, or roads.
心を閉ざす。(Kokoro o tozasu.) - To close one's heart (emotionally). / 門を閉ざす。(Mon o tozasu.) - To close the gate.
Sentence Patterns
〜を閉じます (to close ~)
本を閉じます。(I close the book.)
〜を閉じました (closed ~)
窓を閉じました。(I closed the window.)
〜を閉じてください (please close ~)
ドアを閉じてください。(Please close the door.)
〜を閉じましょう (let's close ~)
目を閉じましょう。(Let's close our eyes.)
〜を閉じることができます (can close ~)
その箱は簡単に閉じることができます。(That box can be closed easily.)
〜を閉じる必要があります (need to close ~)
電気を消す前に窓を閉じる必要があります。(You need to close the window before turning off the light.)
〜を閉じるのを忘れていました (forgot to close ~)
うっかり鍵を閉じるのを忘れていました。(I accidentally forgot to close the lock.)
〜を閉じようとしました (tried to close ~)
彼はその扉を閉じようとしましたが、開いたままでした。(He tried to close the door, but it stayed open.)
Word Family
Nouns
Verbs
How to Use It
When you want to express the action of closing something like a book, an umbrella, or even your mouth or eyes, you'll use 閉じる (とじる). It implies a complete closure. For instance, to close a book is 本を閉じる (ほんをとじる). If you're closing your eyes, it's 目を閉じる (めをとじる). This verb is useful for actions where something that was open becomes shut.
A common mistake is confusing 閉じる (とじる) with 閉める (しめる), which also means 'to close'. The key difference is what you're closing. You use 閉める for things like doors, windows, or shops. For example, ドアを閉める (ドアをしめる - to close a door). You would not say 本を閉める (ほんをしめる) for closing a book; that would be incorrect. Remember, 閉じる is for things that fold or shut completely, while 閉める is for things that have hinges or a mechanism to open and shut.
Tips
Basic use of とじる
「閉じる」 (tojiru) is a common verb used for closing things like books, eyes, or a mouth. It's a transitive verb, meaning it needs a direct object.
Distinguishing とじる and しめる
While both mean 'to close', 「閉じる」 (tojiru) often implies folding or bringing things together (like a book), whereas 「閉める」 (shimeru) is for things like doors or windows. Think of とじる as 'closing up' and しめる as 'closing off'.
Example: Closing a book
本を閉じる (hon o tojiru) - To close a book. This is a very common usage.
Example: Closing eyes
目を閉じる (me o tojiru) - To close one's eyes. Used when sleeping or concentrating.
Example: Closing mouth
口を閉じる (kuchi o tojiru) - To close one's mouth. Often used figuratively, like 'to shut up'.
Don't use for doors
You generally would not use 「閉じる」 (tojiru) for closing a door. For doors, use 「閉める」 (shimeru) or 「閉まる」 (shimaru, intransitive).
Memory aid
Think of とじる as 'to fold and close'. Books have pages that fold together.
Figurative use: Closing a business
店を閉じる (mise o tojiru) - To close a store (often permanently, or at the end of the day). This is a more advanced usage.
Conjugation: Polite form
The polite form is 閉じます (tojimasu). For example, 本を閉じます (hon o tojimasu) - I will close the book.
Conjugation: Past tense
The past tense is 閉じた (tojita). For example, 目を閉じた (me o tojita) - I closed my eyes.
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Imagine a book closing with a gentle 'tojiru' sound. The 'to' sounds like 'toe,' and 'jiru' sounds like 'jiggle.' So, a 'toe jiggling' on a book to close it.
Visual Association
Picture yourself gently closing a book. As you do, the sound 'tojiru' echoes in your mind. Focus on the action of bringing the covers together. You can even visualize the word '閉じる' written on the book cover as it closes.
Word Web
Challenge
Try closing various objects around you and saying 'これを閉じる' (kore o tojiru - close this) for each. Then, practice saying full sentences like '本を閉じる' (hon o tojiru - close the book) or '目を閉じる' (me o tojiru - close your eyes) without looking at the English translation. Focus on understanding the transitive nature of the verb.
Word Origin
Native Japanese word.
Original meaning: To shut, to close.
JaponicCultural Context
When referring to closing a book in Japanese, 閉じる (tojiru) is the most natural verb to use. While other verbs like 閉める (shimeru) can also mean 'to close', 閉じる is specifically used for things that fold or have multiple parts that come together, like books, eyes, or umbrellas. It's a subtle but important distinction for natural-sounding Japanese.
Practice in Real Life
Real-World Contexts
Closing a book or notebook
- 本を閉じる (hon o tojiru) - to close a book
- ノートを閉じてください (no-to o tojite kudasai) - Please close your notebook.
- 読み終わったら本を閉じます (yomiowattara hon o tojimaru) - I close the book when I finish reading.
Closing your eyes
- 目を閉じる (me o tojiru) - to close one's eyes
- 疲れたら目を閉じます (tsukaretara me o tojimaru) - I close my eyes when I'm tired.
- 少しの間、目を閉じて休憩しましょう (sukoshi no aida, me o tojite kyuukei shimashou) - Let's close our eyes for a bit and rest.
Closing an application or window on a computer/phone
- アプリを閉じる (apuri o tojiru) - to close an app
- このウィンドウを閉じてもいいですか？ (kono windou o tojitemo ii desu ka?) - Is it okay to close this window?
- 使わないアプリは閉じましょう (tsukawanai apuri wa tojimashou) - Let's close apps we're not using.
Closing a meeting or event
- 会議を閉じる (kaigi o tojiru) - to close a meeting
- 本日のイベントを閉じます (honjitsu no ibento o tojimaru) - We will close today's event.
- これで今日のセッションを閉じます (kore de kyou no sesshon o tojimaru) - With this, we will close today's session.
Closing a mouth (less common for human mouths, but useful for animal mouths or containers)
- 口を閉じる (kuchi o tojiru) - to close one's mouth (can be used for animals or figuratively for people to stop talking)
- びんの蓋を閉じる (bin no futa o tojiru) - to close the lid of a bottle
- しっかり口を閉じてください (shikkari kuchi o tojite kudasai) - Please close your mouth tightly (e.g., for a container).
Conversation Starters
"普段、寝る前に何を閉じますか？ (Fudan, neru mae ni nani o tojimaru ka?) - Usually, what do you close before going to bed?"
"パソコンで作業が終わったら、何を閉じますか？ (Pasokon de sagyou ga owattara, nani o tojimaru ka?) - After finishing work on the computer, what do you close?"
"疲れた時、目を閉じますか？ (Tsukareta toki, me o tojimaru ka?) - When you're tired, do you close your eyes?"
"会議や授業の終わりに、先生や上司は何と言って閉じますか？ (Kaigi ya jugyou no owari ni, sensei ya joushi wa nanto itte tojimaru ka?) - At the end of a meeting or class, what do the teacher or boss say to close it?"
"外出する時、家の窓やドアを閉じますか？ (Gaishutsu suru toki, ie no mado ya doa o tojimaru ka?) - When you go out, do you close the windows and doors of your house?"
Journal Prompts
今日、あなたが閉じたものは何ですか？ (Kyou, anata ga tojita mono wa nan desu ka?) - What did you close today?
目を閉じて、最もリラックスできる瞬間を想像してみてください。 (Me o tojite, mottomo rirakkusu dekiru shunkan o souzou shite mite kudasai.) - Close your eyes and try to imagine your most relaxing moment.
「閉じる」という言葉を使って、一日の終わりについて日記を書いてみましょう。 (「Tojiru」to iu kotoba o tsukatte, ichinichi no owari ni tsuite nikki o kaite mimashou.) - Using the word "tojiru," try to write a diary entry about the end of your day.
もし、世界中のすべての店が一度に閉じたら、何が起こると思いますか？ (Moshi, sekaijuu no subete no mise ga ichido ni tojitara, nani ga okoru to omoimasu ka?) - If all the stores in the world closed at once, what do you think would happen?
あなたにとって、何かを「閉じる」ことは、新しい始まりを意味しますか？具体的に考えてみてください。 (Anata ni totte, nanika o 「tojiru」koto wa, atarashii hajimari o imi shimasu ka? Gutai-teki ni kangaete mite kudasai.) - For you, does "closing" something mean a new beginning? Please think about it specifically.
Frequently Asked Questions
10 questionsBoth mean 'to close', but 閉じる (toji-ru) is generally used for things that fold or snap shut, like a book (本を閉じる - hon o tojiru) or an umbrella (傘を閉じる - kasa o tojiru). 閉める (shime-ru) is for things that slide or are more permanent, such as a door (ドアを閉める - doa o shimeru) or a window (窓を閉める - mado o shimeru).
Yes, you can! To close your eyes is 目を閉じる (me o tojiru). This fits the idea of something folding or shutting together.
For the most common uses you'll encounter at the A2 level, yes, 閉じる is transitive. It needs a direct object. For example, 本を閉じる (hon o tojiru - to close a book). There are some intransitive uses, but focus on the transitive for now.
The polite form is 閉じます (tojimasu). For example, 本を閉じます (hon o tojimasu - I close the book, politely).
You can say 本を閉じてください (hon o tojite kudasai). This uses the te-form of 閉じる (閉じて - tojite) plus ください (kudasai - please).
A common one is 口を閉じる (kuchi o tojiru), which means 'to shut one's mouth' or 'to keep quiet'. For example, 彼は口を閉じた (kare wa kuchi o tojita - he shut his mouth).
The past tense of 閉じる is 閉じた (tojita) for plain form, and 閉じました (tojima-shita) for polite form. For example, 本を閉じた (hon o tojita - I closed the book).
Yes, it can. While 終わる (owaru) is common for 'to end', you can use 閉じる in a more formal sense, especially for 'closing' a session or an event. For example, 会議を閉じる (kaigi o tojiru - to close a meeting).
For an intransitive 'to close' (like a shop closing itself), you would typically use 閉まる (shimaru). For example, 店は閉まります (mise wa shimarimasu - the shop closes). 閉じる is mainly transitive.
For the meaning 'to close' that we're focusing on, 閉じる always uses the kanji 閉. You might see 綴じる (tojiru) which means 'to bind' or 'to file', but this is a different word and kanji.
Test Yourself 132 questions
ドアを___。
The verb '閉める' (shimeru) means 'to close' (transitive) and is appropriate for closing a door.
窓を___ください。
To politely ask someone to close the window, you use the て-form of '閉める' (shimeru), which is '閉めて' (shimete), followed by 'ください' (kudasai).
本を___。
'閉じる' (tojiru) specifically means 'to close' a book, eyes, or mouth.
目を___。
When referring to closing one's eyes, '閉じる' (tojiru) is the correct verb.
傘を___。
For closing an umbrella, '閉じる' (tojiru) is the appropriate verb.
店は夜9時に___。
'閉まる' (shimaru) is the intransitive form of 'to close', used when something closes by itself or when the action isn't directly performed by someone. For a shop closing, '閉まる' is correct.
Choose the correct kanji for 'to close' (transitive):
閉じる (tojiru) means 'to close' (transitive). 開じる (aku) means 'to open'.
Which sentence uses 閉じる correctly?
閉じる (tojiru) can be used for doors, books, and stores when closing them.
What is the English meaning of 閉じる?
閉じる (tojiru) directly translates to 'to close' (transitive).
You can use 閉じる when you want to close a book.
Yes, 閉じる (tojiru) is commonly used for closing a book (本を閉じる).
閉じる is typically used for intransitive actions.
No, 閉じる (tojiru) is a transitive verb, meaning it takes a direct object (e.g., 'close *the book*').
The kanji for 閉じる is 開じる。
No, the kanji for 閉じる is 閉じる. 開じる (aku) means 'to open'.
ドアを___てください。(Doa o ___ te kudasai.)
To ask someone to close the door, you use the て-form of 閉じる (to close), which is 閉めて (shimete).
本を___ました。(Hon o ___ mashita.)
To say 'I closed the book,' you use the 連用形 (ren'yōkei) or continuative form of 閉じる, which is 閉め (shime), followed by ました (mashita).
窓を___てもいいですか。(Mado o ___ te mo ii desu ka?)
To ask 'Is it okay to close the window?', you use the て-form of 閉じる, which is 閉めて (shimete).
会議はもう___ました。(Kaigi wa mō ___ mashita.)
While '閉じる' often means to close physically, it can also mean to conclude or close an event like a meeting. '会議はもう閉じました' means 'The meeting already closed/ended.'
お店は午後8時に___ます。(Omise wa gogo hachi-ji ni ___ masu.)
To say the store closes at 8 PM, you use 閉まる (shimaru), the intransitive form of 'to close.' Here, we need the ます-stem, 閉まり (shimari).
目を___て、聞いてください。(Me o ___ te, kiite kudasai.)
To say 'Close your eyes and listen,' you use the て-form of 閉じる, which is 閉じて (tojite).
Choose the correct kanji for 'to close' (transitive).
閉じる (tojiru) means 'to close' (transitive), like closing a book. 開じる (hirajiru) means 'to open'.
Which sentence correctly uses 閉じる (tojiru)?
閉じる is a transitive verb, meaning it needs a direct object. '本を閉じます' correctly uses '本を' (book) as the direct object. The other options use intransitive actions.
What is the te-form of 閉じる?
The te-form of 閉じる is 閉じて (tojite). It follows the 'iku' (いく) pattern for 'ru' verbs.
You can use 閉じる to say 'The door closes'.
閉じる (tojiru) is a transitive verb, meaning it requires a direct object. For 'The door closes' (intransitive), you would use 閉まる (shimaru).
本を閉じる (hon o tojiru) means 'to close a book'.
This is a correct usage. 本 (hon) is 'book' and 閉じる (tojiru) is 'to close' (transitive).
閉じる is often used for closing eyes or mouths.
閉じる is commonly used for closing eyes (目を閉じる - me o tojiru) or mouths (口を閉じる - kuchi o tojiru) because these actions involve a direct object (eyes, mouth).
Listen for 'close the book'.
Listen for 'the door closes'.
Listen for 'close your eyes and think'.
Read this aloud:
本を閉じる。
Focus: とじる (tojiru)
You said:
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Read this aloud:
窓を閉めてください。
Focus: しめて (shimete)
You said:
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Read this aloud:
目を閉じる。
Focus: めを とじる (me o tojiru)
You said:
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Write a sentence in Japanese saying 'Please close the book.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
本を閉じてください。
Write a sentence in Japanese saying 'He closed his eyes.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
彼は目を閉じた。
Write a sentence in Japanese asking 'Did you close the window?'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
窓を閉めましたか。
What did she do after finishing the book?
Read this passage:
彼女は本を読み終わった後、ゆっくりと本を閉じた。
What did she do after finishing the book?
The passage says 彼女は本を読み終わった後、ゆっくりと本を閉じた (After she finished reading the book, she slowly closed the book).
The passage says 彼女は本を読み終わった後、ゆっくりと本を閉じた (After she finished reading the book, she slowly closed the book).
What did her mother ask her to do?
Read this passage:
「寒いから、窓を閉めてください。」と母が言いました。
What did her mother ask her to do?
The mother said 「寒いから、窓を閉めてください。」 (It's cold, so please close the window).
The mother said 「寒いから、窓を閉めてください。」 (It's cold, so please close the window).
What happens when a child gets sleepy?
Read this passage:
子供は眠くなると、目を閉じる。
What happens when a child gets sleepy?
The passage states 子供は眠くなると、目を閉じる (When a child gets sleepy, they close their eyes).
The passage states 子供は眠くなると、目を閉じる (When a child gets sleepy, they close their eyes).
This translates to 'close the book'. '本' (hon) is 'book', 'を' (o) is a direct object particle, and '閉じる' (tojiru) means 'to close'.
This means 'Please close the window'. '窓' (mado) is 'window', 'を' (o) is the direct object particle, '閉じて' (tojite) is the te-form of '閉じる', and 'ください' (kudasai) means 'please'.
This phrase means 'when closing that page'. 'その' (sono) means 'that', 'ページ' (pēji) is 'page', 'を' (o) is the direct object particle, '閉じる' (tojiru) is 'to close', and '時' (toki) means 'when/time'.
窓を___ください。(Mado o ___ kudasai.)
To close a window, you use 閉める (shimeru), the transitive form of 閉じる (tojiru).
ページを___、本を読み始めた。(Pēji o ___, hon o yomi hajimeta.)
To open a page, you use 開ける (akeru), the opposite of 閉じる (tojiru). This sentence structure implies 'After opening the page, I started reading the book.'
店は午後7時に___。(Mise wa gogo shichi-ji ni ___.)
When a store closes by itself, you use the intransitive verb 閉まる (shimaru).
目を___、深呼吸してください。(Me o ___, shinkokyū shite kudasai.)
When you close your eyes, you use 閉じる (tojiru).
会議はもうすぐ___。(Kaigi wa mō sugu ___.)
For a meeting to end, you use 終わります (owarimasu). While 閉じます (tojimasu) can mean 'to close an event,' 終わります is more common for 'to end' a meeting.
彼はドアを___部屋を出た。(Kare wa doa o ___ heya o deta.)
To close a door, you use 閉める (shimeru), the transitive form of 閉じる (tojiru).
Choose the correct particle: ドアを___。
ドアを閉じる means 'to close the door'.
Which word correctly completes the sentence? 彼は本を___。
本を閉じました means 'He closed the book'.
What is the most appropriate verb to use when talking about closing your eyes?
目を閉じる means 'to close one's eyes'.
「本を閉じる」 means 'to open a book'.
「本を閉じる」 means 'to close a book'.
You can use 「閉じる」 to talk about closing a window.
「窓を閉じる」 is a correct usage.
「店を閉じる」 means 'to open a shop'.
「店を閉じる」 means 'to close a shop'.
Listen for 'close the window.'
Listen for 'close the computer after the meeting.'
Listen for 'What time does the shop close?'
Read this aloud:
本を閉じて、次のページを開いてください。
Focus: とじて (tojite)
You said:
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Read this aloud:
寒いので、ドアを閉めてもらえますか？
Focus: しめて (shimete)
You said:
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Read this aloud:
寝る前にカーテンを閉じます。
Focus: とじます (tojimasu)
You said:
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You are at a library. Write a sentence telling someone to close the book quietly after reading it. Use 閉じる.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
本を読んだら、静かに閉じてください。
You just finished using your laptop. Write a sentence saying you will close the laptop. Use 閉じる.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
パソコンを閉めます。
Imagine you are talking about a store that closes late. Write a sentence stating that the store closes at 9 PM. Use 閉じる.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
その店は午後9時に閉まります。
What does person B say they will do immediately?
Read this passage:
A: すみません、窓が開いていますよ。 B: あ、ありがとうございます。すぐに閉めますね。 A: 寒いので、早く閉じた方がいいですよ。 B: はい、そうします。
What does person B say they will do immediately?
Person B says 「すぐに閉めますね」 (I will close it immediately), referring to the window mentioned by person A.
Person B says 「すぐに閉めますね」 (I will close it immediately), referring to the window mentioned by person A.
What is the narrator's habit before sleeping?
Read this passage:
私は毎日、寝る前に本を閉じます。そして、電気を消してから寝ます。本を閉じるのが、私の寝る前の習慣です。
What is the narrator's habit before sleeping?
The passage states 「本を閉じるのが、私の寝る前の習慣です。」 (Closing the book is my habit before sleeping.)
The passage states 「本を閉じるのが、私の寝る前の習慣です。」 (Closing the book is my habit before sleeping.)
When does the movie theater close?
Read this passage:
映画館は夜10時に閉まります。閉まる前に、飲み物を買っておいた方がいいですよ。
When does the movie theater close?
The passage says 「映画館は夜10時に閉まります。」 (The movie theater closes at 10 PM.)
The passage says 「映画館は夜10時に閉まります。」 (The movie theater closes at 10 PM.)
This sentence means 'Please close the book.' The particle を (o) marks 本 (hon, book) as the direct object of the verb 閉じて (tojite, close - te-form of 閉じる).
This sentence means 'The window is closed.' 窓 (mado, window) is the topic marked by は (wa). 閉められ (shimerare) is the passive stem of 閉める (shimeru, to close - transitive), and ている (te iru) indicates a state.
This sentence means 'Please close your eyes and imagine.' 目 (me, eyes) is the direct object of 閉じて (tojite, close). 想像して (sōzōshite) is the te-form of 想像する (sōzōsuru, to imagine).
会議の前に、窓を___ください。(Before the meeting, please close the window.)
「閉める」は「to close」という意味の他動詞で、窓などの開口部を閉じるときに使います。ここでは命令形「閉めてください」が適切です。
本を読み終わったら、きちんと___。(When you finish reading the book, close it properly.)
「閉じる」は「to close」という意味の他動詞で、本などの開いているものを閉じるときに使います。命令形「閉じて」が適切です。
彼女は急いでいるので、かばんの口を___走っていった。(Because she was in a hurry, she closed the mouth of her bag and ran off.)
「閉じる」は「to close」という意味の他動詞で、かばんの口などを閉じるときに使います。接続詞「〜て」形が適切です。
使用後は必ず蓋を___ください。(Please be sure to close the lid after use.)
「閉める」は「to close」という意味の他動詞で、蓋などを閉じるときに使います。ここでは命令形「閉めてください」が適切です。
目を___、深呼吸してください。(Close your eyes and take a deep breath.)
「閉じる」は「to close」という意味の他動詞で、目を閉じるときによく使われます。接続詞「〜て」形が適切です。
店は夜9時に___。(The store closes at 9 PM.)
「閉まる」は「to close」という意味の自動詞で、店などが閉まる状態を表します。ここでは「店が閉まる」が適切です。
Choose the most appropriate word to complete the sentence: 本を___。
The sentence means 'Close the book.' 閉じる (tojiru) means 'to close' (transitive), which is suitable for closing a book. 開ける (akeru) means 'to open,' 読む (yomu) means 'to read,' and 書く (kaku) means 'to write.'
Which sentence correctly uses 閉じる to mean 'to close' a tangible object?
目を閉じる (me o tojiru) literally means 'to close one's eyes.' While 閉じる can be used for doors, shops, or meetings, those are typically intransitive uses or more abstract. The question specifically asks for closing a tangible object in a transitive sense. '目を閉じる' is a common transitive usage where '目' (eyes) is the direct object. The other options are either intransitive (ドアが閉じる - the door closes itself) or more metaphorical/abstract (店が閉じる - the shop closes; 会議を閉じる - to close a meeting).
The Japanese word for 'Please close the window' using 閉じる would be:
窓を閉じてください (mado o tojite kudasai) means 'Please close the window.' 窓を開けてください (mado o akete kudasai) means 'Please open the window.' 窓を見てください (mado o mite kudasai) means 'Please look at the window.' 窓を触ってください (mado o sawatte kudasai) means 'Please touch the window.'
You can use 閉じる to say 'to close a book.'
はい、その通りです (hai, sono tōri desu). 閉じる is commonly used for closing books, magazines, and similar items. For example, 本を閉じる (hon o tojiru).
The phrase '会議を閉じる' (kaigi o tojiru) means 'to open a meeting.'
いいえ、違います (īe, chigaimasu). '会議を閉じる' means 'to close a meeting' or 'to adjourn a meeting.' To open a meeting, you would typically use '会議を始める' (kaigi o hajimeru) or '会議を開く' (kaigi o hiraku).
You can use 閉じる when talking about closing your eyes.
はい、その通りです (hai, sono tōri desu). 目を閉じる (me o tojiru) is the correct way to say 'to close one's eyes' in Japanese.
This sentence asks the user to save before closing the page. 'ページを' (page) is followed by '閉じる' (close), then '前に' (before). '保存して' (save) is followed by 'ください' (please).
This sentence instructs to close the window after the meeting. '会議が' (meeting) is followed by '終わったら' (after it ends). '窓を' (window) is followed by '閉じて' (close) and 'ください' (please).
This sentence suggests closing the book and thinking carefully. '本を' (book) is followed by '閉じて' (close). 'よく' (well) is followed by '考えて' (think) and 'みましょう' (let's try).
複雑な交渉の末、両社はついに契約を___ことができた。
「契約を閉じる」は、契約を完了させる、締結するという意味で使われる一般的な表現です。
議論が白熱し、議長は一旦会議を___ことにした。
「会議を閉じる」は、会議を終了させる、閉会するという意味で使われます。
長時間のフライトの後、彼女は疲れて目を___。
「目を閉じる」は、目を閉めるという意味で、特に疲れている時や眠る時に使われます。
その古い本は、長年の間にページがしわくちゃになって、きちんと___ことができなかった。
「本を閉じる」は、本を閉めるという基本的な意味ですが、ここでは状態が悪い本を閉めるニュアンスです。
このプロジェクトの目標達成のためには、過去の経験に___のではなく、新しいアプローチを試す必要がある。
「過去の経験に閉じる」は、「過去の経験にとらわれる」という意味で使われることがあります。選択肢の中で最も近い意味合いを持つのが「閉じる」です。
不正が発覚し、その会社は不名誉な形でその歴史に___を打った。
「歴史に幕を閉じる」は、その歴史が終わる、終止符を打つという意味で、慣用的な表現です。「閉じる」が使われています。
The speaker is suggesting closing a book and taking a break.
Before ending a meeting, an instruction was given regarding closing materials.
When one closes their eyelids, old memories resurface.
Read this aloud:
ドアを閉じるのを忘れないでください。
Focus: ドアを閉じる
You said:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
パソコンを閉じて、今日の仕事を終わりにします。
Focus: パソコンを閉じて
You said:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
彼女はそっと目を閉じ、静かに考え事をしていた。
Focus: 目を閉じ、静かに
You said:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Imagine you're a librarian. A patron has left a book open. Write a polite note reminding them to close it before returning it. Use 閉じる.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
この本をご返却いただく前に、閉じていただけますようお願い申し上げます。
You are writing a set of instructions for operating a complex machine. One step involves closing a specific hatch. Write this instruction clearly, using 閉じる.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
次のステップに進む前に、必ずハッチを確実に閉じてください。
Describe a situation where someone might forget to close something, leading to a minor inconvenience. Use 閉じる in your description.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
朝、急いで家を出るとき、うっかり窓を閉じるのを忘れてしまい、帰宅したら部屋の中が寒くなっていました。
この状況で、著者は男性が何を忘れたと言っていますか？
Read this passage:
先日、電車に乗っていた時のことだ。隣に座っていた男性が、読み終わった文庫本を閉じるのを忘れ、そのまま立ち去ってしまった。私はしばらく彼の忘れ物をどうしようか考えたが、結局、駅員に届けた。
この状況で、著者は男性が何を忘れたと言っていますか？
文章中に「読み終わった文庫本を閉じるのを忘れ」と明記されています。
文章中に「読み終わった文庫本を閉じるのを忘れ」と明記されています。
彼がパソコンの画面を閉じる理由は主に何ですか？
Read this passage:
彼はいつも仕事が終わると、丁寧にパソコンの画面を閉じる習慣があった。これは、情報の漏洩を防ぐだけでなく、次の日の仕事に集中するための彼のルーティンの一部でもあった。
彼がパソコンの画面を閉じる理由は主に何ですか？
「情報の漏洩を防ぐだけでなく」という記述から、これが主な理由の一つであることがわかります。
「情報の漏洩を防ぐだけでなく」という記述から、これが主な理由の一つであることがわかります。
シェフが窓を閉じるように指示した主な目的は何ですか？
Read this passage:
レストランの開店準備中、シェフはまず窓を閉じるように指示した。これは、外部からの騒音を遮断し、お客様に落ち着いた食事環境を提供するためだった。
シェフが窓を閉じるように指示した主な目的は何ですか？
「外部からの騒音を遮断し」という記述から、これが主な目的であることがわかります。
「外部からの騒音を遮断し」という記述から、これが主な目的であることがわかります。
This sentence means 'Before closing the discussion, let's confirm one more time.' The particles and verb conjugation fit this order.
This translates to 'Closing time is approaching, shall we start preparing to close the shop?' The structure flows logically.
This means 'Before closing that book, please put a bookmark in.' The sequence of actions is natural.
複雑な交渉の末、両社はついに契約を___。
「閉じる」は、この文脈では「契約を締結する」という意味で使われます。
彼女は過去の苦い経験に心を___、新しい関係に踏み出せないでいる。
「心を閉じる」は、感情を表に出さない、他人を信用しないという意味です。
その古い工場は、時代の変化と共に静かにその歴史の幕を___。
「幕を閉じる」は、ある出来事や期間が終了するという意味の慣用表現です。
彼は真実を知りながらも、あえて口を___、何も語らなかった。
「口を閉じる」は、何も話さない、黙っているという意味です。
その論争は、双方の和解によってようやく終止符を___。
「終止符を打つ」は、物事を終わらせるという意味の慣用表現で、文脈的に「閉じる」とはニュアンスが異なりますが、選択肢が「閉じた」であれば近い意味で使われることもあります。ここではより自然な表現である「打った」を選びました。
多くの店舗が閉店し、その商店街はシャッターを___寂れていった。
「シャッターを閉める」は、店が営業を終える、または閉店するという意味です。
You are writing a complex philosophical essay comparing existentialism and absurdism. In your essay, discuss how the concept of 'closing' (閉じる) a particular chapter of one's life, or a system of thought, can lead to either profound despair or liberating acceptance.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
実存主義と不条理主義を比較する上で、「人生の特定の章を閉じる」という行為は、深い絶望感をもたらすこともあれば、あるいは解放的な受容へと繋がることもあります。これは、個人が自身の存在と向き合い、固定された概念や過去の自己を閉じることによって、新たな意味を見出す過程と解釈できます。
Compose a detailed critical analysis of a fictional totalitarian society. Focus on how the government 'closes' off information, individual freedoms, and dissent, and the psychological impact this has on its citizens. Use the word 閉じる in a metaphorical sense.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
この全体主義社会では、政府はあらゆる情報源を厳重に「閉じる」ことで、市民の自由な思考を奪い、異論を封じ込めています。このような閉鎖的な環境は、個人の精神に深い影響を与え、絶望と無気力を生み出しています。
Write a short, evocative poem about the feeling of regret after having 'closed' oneself off from a significant relationship or opportunity. Express the lingering sense of what could have been.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
心、閉じてしまったあの時。 開かずの間、残るは後悔。 あの関係、あの機会、 もしも、と響く残像。
この文章において、「閉じる」という言葉が最も適切に表している意味合いはどれか。
Read this passage:
現代社会において、情報過多は避けて通れない問題である。私たちは日々、膨大な量の情報に晒され、その全てを処理することは不可能に近い。このような状況下で、いかにして不必要な情報を「閉じる」か、あるいは取捨選択するかが、精神的な健康を保つ上で極めて重要となる。情報の選択的な遮断は、現代人にとって必須のスキルと言えるだろう。
この文章において、「閉じる」という言葉が最も適切に表している意味合いはどれか。
文章全体が情報過多の中で「いかにして不必要な情報を「閉じる」か、あるいは取捨選択するかが、精神的な健康を保つ上で極めて重要となる」と述べており、情報の選択的な遮断、つまり情報へのアクセスを遮断し、取捨選択する意味で「閉じる」が使われています。
文章全体が情報過多の中で「いかにして不必要な情報を「閉じる」か、あるいは取捨選択するかが、精神的な健康を保つ上で極めて重要となる」と述べており、情報の選択的な遮断、つまり情報へのアクセスを遮断し、取捨選択する意味で「閉じる」が使われています。
「忘却の彼方に「閉じていた」記憶」という表現が示唆しているのは何か。
Read this passage:
彼は長年、自分の過去に蓋をして生きてきた。しかし、ある日、古い日記を見つけたことで、忘却の彼方に「閉じていた」記憶が次々と蘇り、彼は再び過去と向き合うことを余儀なくされた。この出来事は、彼の人生に大きな転機をもたらすこととなる。
「忘却の彼方に「閉じていた」記憶」という表現が示唆しているのは何か。
「自分の過去に蓋をして生きてきた」という前後の文脈から、「閉じていた」記憶は単に忘れていたのではなく、意識的に抑圧され、思い出されなかった記憶を示唆しています。
「自分の過去に蓋をして生きてきた」という前後の文脈から、「閉じていた」記憶は単に忘れていたのではなく、意識的に抑圧され、思い出されなかった記憶を示唆しています。
この文章が主張する「古いシステムや考え方を完全に「閉じる」勇気」とは具体的にどのような意味を持つか。
Read this passage:
組織の変革は常に困難を伴う。特に、長年の慣習や固定観念が根強く残っている場合、新しいアイデアやアプローチを受け入れることは容易ではない。このような状況で、古いシステムや考え方を完全に「閉じる」勇気がなければ、真の進歩は望めないだろう。変革は、過去との決別から始まる。
この文章が主張する「古いシステムや考え方を完全に「閉じる」勇気」とは具体的にどのような意味を持つか。
「長年の慣習や固定観念が根強く残っている場合、新しいアイデアやアプローチを受け入れることは容易ではない」という文脈から、「古いシステムや考え方を完全に「閉じる」勇気」は、過去の慣習や固定観念を捨て去り、新しいものを受け入れることと理解できます。
「長年の慣習や固定観念が根強く残っている場合、新しいアイデアやアプローチを受け入れることは容易ではない」という文脈から、「古いシステムや考え方を完全に「閉じる」勇気」は、過去の慣習や固定観念を捨て去り、新しいものを受け入れることと理解できます。
This sentence means 'Before closing the discussion, let's confirm one more time.' The particles and verb conjugation fit this structure.
This means 'That door is designed to close automatically.' The order forms a natural Japanese sentence.
This translates to 'When I close my eyes, the scenery of my hometown comes to mind.' The particles and verb flow naturally.
/ 132 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
「閉じる」is used when you physically close an object that has an opening, like a book or your eyes.
- Use for closing books, eyes, files.
- It's a transitive verb (you close something).
- Think 'shutting' something.
Basic use of とじる
「閉じる」 (tojiru) is a common verb used for closing things like books, eyes, or a mouth. It's a transitive verb, meaning it needs a direct object.
Distinguishing とじる and しめる
While both mean 'to close', 「閉じる」 (tojiru) often implies folding or bringing things together (like a book), whereas 「閉める」 (shimeru) is for things like doors or windows. Think of とじる as 'closing up' and しめる as 'closing off'.
Example: Closing a book
本を閉じる (hon o tojiru) - To close a book. This is a very common usage.
Example: Closing eyes
目を閉じる (me o tojiru) - To close one's eyes. Used when sleeping or concentrating.
Related Content
More general words
いくつか
B1An unspecified small number of things; some, a few.
ちょっと
A2A little; a moment; a bit. Small amount or short time.
すこし
A2A little; a few.
さっき
A2A little while ago; a short time past.
能力
A1Nouryoku refers to the mental or physical power, skill, or capacity required to perform a specific task or function. It can describe both innate talent and skills acquired through learning and practice.
異常
A1A word used to describe something that deviates from the normal state, standard, or expected pattern. It often implies a problem, malfunction, or an extraordinary occurrence that requires attention or investigation.
～について
A2About, concerning; indicates topic.
〜について
B1About, concerning; on the subject of.
～ぐらい
A2about, approximately
ぐらい
A2About; approximately; to the extent of.
