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A1 noun 16 min read

옷감

otgam

Practice it Examples Notes & Tips 옷감 in 30 Seconds

Explanation 옷감 in your Level:

At the A1 level, you should learn '옷감' as a basic noun meaning 'fabric' or 'material for clothes.' It is a combination of '옷' (clothes) and '감' (material). You can use it in simple sentences like '이 옷감은 예뻐요' (This fabric is pretty) or '옷감을 사요' (I buy fabric). Focus on recognizing the word when you see it in a market or a store. At this stage, don't worry too much about the technical differences between '옷감' and '원단.' Just remember that if you want to make a shirt, you need to buy '옷감' first. It's a concrete noun that you can see and touch, making it easier to memorize. You might also see it in basic vocabulary lists related to shopping or hobbies. Try to associate it with the physical action of touching a soft shirt or seeing rolls of colorful cloth in a shop window. This will help ground the word in your daily life.

At the A2 level, you can start using '옷감' with more descriptive adjectives and basic particles. You should be able to describe the texture of the fabric using words like '부드럽다' (soft) or '거칠다' (rough). For example, '이 옷감은 아주 부드러워요' (This fabric is very soft). You can also use the particle '-로' to describe what something is made of: '이 옷은 면 옷감으로 만들었어요' (This clothing was made with cotton fabric). At this level, you should also be aware of the counter '마' (ma), which is used when buying fabric in traditional Korean markets. Instead of just saying '옷감 주세요,' you can say '옷감 한 마 주세요' (Please give me one yard of fabric). This shows progress in your ability to handle real-world transactions and more detailed descriptions of physical objects. You are moving from just naming the object to describing its qualities and quantity.

At the B1 level, you should understand the nuance between '옷감' and related words like '천' (general cloth) and '원단' (professional textile). You can use '옷감' in more complex sentence structures, including those with reasons or conditions. For example, '옷감이 너무 얇아서 겨울에는 입을 수 없어요' (The fabric is so thin that I can't wear it in winter). You might also encounter the word in the context of traditional Korean culture, specifically Hanbok. Understanding that '옷감' was historically a valuable commodity and a significant part of a household's responsibilities adds cultural depth to your vocabulary. You can also start using the word in passive sentences like '이 옷감은 천연 염료로 염색되었습니다' (This fabric was dyed with natural dyes). Your ability to discuss the 'feel' (촉감) and durability of the material should become more sophisticated, allowing you to engage in longer conversations about clothing and fashion.

At the B2 level, you can use '옷감' in professional or academic discussions about fashion, manufacturing, and history. You should be comfortable using the technical term '원단' when appropriate but still use '옷감' correctly in more general or traditional contexts. You can discuss the 'grain' (결) of the 옷감 and how it affects the tailoring process. For instance, '옷감의 결을 잘 보고 재단해야 합니다' (You must look at the grain of the fabric carefully before cutting). You should also be able to understand and use metaphorical expressions or idiomatic uses of '감' in other words (like '안감' for lining or '겉감' for the outer fabric). At this stage, you can read articles about the textile industry or fashion trends that use '옷감' alongside terms like '기능성 소재' (functional material) or '지속 가능한 패션' (sustainable fashion). Your vocabulary is now broad enough to handle specific details about fiber content, weaving techniques, and the environmental impact of textile production.

At the C1 level, your understanding of '옷감' should include its historical and literary significance. You can analyze how the choice of '옷감' in a classic Korean novel reflects a character's social status or emotional state. You should be able to discuss the evolution of the Korean textile industry from traditional hand-weaving to modern high-tech production, using '옷감' as a bridge between these eras. Your command of the language allows you to use subtle nuances; for example, choosing '옷감' over '원단' to evoke a more personal, handmade, or traditional feeling. You can also participate in high-level debates about the ethics of the global textile trade, discussing '옷감' in the context of labor rights and environmental sustainability. At this level, you are not just using the word; you are understanding its place within the broader tapestry of Korean language and society, recognizing the cultural 'weight' it carries.

At the C2 level, you have a near-native grasp of '옷감' and its place in the linguistic landscape. You can use the word with absolute precision in any context, from a casual chat at a market to a formal academic lecture on textile engineering. You understand the most obscure synonyms and archaic terms for fabric, and you can appreciate the poetic use of '옷감' in modern Korean poetry or high-end fashion editorials. You can effortlessly switch between '옷감', '원단', '직물', and '소재' depending on the desired tone and register. Your understanding of the word is so deep that you can even play with it in puns or creative writing, perhaps personifying the '옷감' as it waits to be transformed into a garment. You are also fully aware of the regional dialects or variations in how fabric is discussed across the Korean peninsula. For you, '옷감' is more than just a noun; it's a versatile tool for expression that connects the physical world with abstract concepts of creativity and identity.

Practice it Examples Notes & Tips

옷감 in 30 Seconds

옷감 (ot-gam) is the Korean word for 'fabric' or 'textile' specifically used for making clothes, combining '옷' (clothes) and '감' (material).
It is a concrete noun used to describe the raw material before it is sewn, often discussed in terms of its texture, color, and suitability.
Commonly heard in markets like Dongdaemun and at tailor shops, it is measured in '마' (ma), which is approximately one yard.
It differs from '천' (general cloth) and '원단' (professional textile), focusing specifically on the apparel-making purpose of the material.

The Korean word 옷감 (ot-gam) is a foundational noun that every learner should master early on. Etymologically, it is a compound word formed by combining 옷 (ot), meaning 'clothes' or 'garment,' and 감 (gam), which refers to 'material,' 'source,' or 'stuff.' Therefore, at its most literal level, 옷감 translates to 'the material for clothes.' In English, we most frequently translate this as 'fabric,' 'textile,' or 'cloth.' However, unlike the generic word '천' (cheon), which can refer to any piece of cloth (like a rag or a banner), 옷감 specifically implies that the material is intended to be transformed into wearable apparel. When you walk into a traditional market like Dongdaemun in Seoul, you will see endless rolls of various textures, colors, and patterns; these are all collectively referred to as 옷감. This word carries a sense of potential—it is not yet a finished product, but the essential raw ingredient required for tailoring and dressmaking. Whether you are discussing the silk used for a traditional Hanbok or the sturdy denim for a pair of jeans, 옷감 is the correct term to use when focusing on the quality, texture, and suitability of the textile for the human body.

Material Composition: 옷감 can be made from natural fibers like cotton (면), silk (실크/비단), and wool (모직), or synthetic fibers like polyester (폴리에스테르). The choice of 옷감 determines the breathability and durability of the final garment.

어머니께서 한복을 만드시려고 고운 옷감을 사 오셨다. (My mother bought beautiful fabric to make a Hanbok.)

In contemporary Korean society, while many people buy ready-to-wear clothes (기성복), the term 옷감 remains highly relevant in the context of high-end tailoring (맞춤복), interior design, and DIY hobbies like sewing and quilting. When a Korean speaker evaluates a piece of clothing, they might touch the sleeve and comment on the 옷감, meaning they are judging the quality of the textile itself rather than the design or the brand. This distinction is crucial: '옷' is the shirt, but '옷감' is the cotton it was made from. Using this word correctly shows a deeper understanding of the physical world and the manufacturing process. It is also frequently used in metaphorical contexts in literature to describe the 'fabric of society' or the 'material of a person's character,' although its primary use remains literal. Understanding the nuances of 옷감 allows you to navigate shopping experiences more effectively, especially when looking for quality items that will last a long time.

Texture Description: Common adjectives used with 옷감 include 부드럽다 (soft), 거칠다 (rough), 두껍다 (thick), and 얇다 (thin). These help specify the tactile nature of the material.

여름에는 시원한 옷감으로 만든 옷이 최고예요. (In summer, clothes made of cool fabric are the best.)

Furthermore, the word 옷감 is deeply tied to Korea's history of textile production. Historically, Korea was known for its high-quality silk and hemp (삼베). The process of choosing the right 옷감 was a vital skill for women in traditional households, as they were responsible for making the family's clothing from scratch. This cultural heritage persists in the way Koreans value the 'feel' or 'touch' (촉감) of a fabric. When you use the word 옷감, you are tapping into a long tradition of craftsmanship. It's not just a technical term; it's a word that evokes the sensory experience of running your fingers over a bolt of cloth, imagining what it will become. In a world of fast fashion, using the word 옷감 signals an appreciation for the raw materials and the effort that goes into creating quality garments. It encourages a slower, more deliberate approach to fashion and consumption.

Usage in Crafts: If you enjoy sewing (바느질) or embroidery (자수), 옷감 will be one of your most-used words. You might ask, "이 옷감은 바느질하기 쉽나요?" (Is this fabric easy to sew?)

이 옷감은 세탁해도 줄어들지 않아요. (This fabric does not shrink even after washing.)

시장에서 질 좋은 옷감을 싸게 샀어요. (I bought high-quality fabric cheaply at the market.)

그 디자이너는 특이한 옷감을 사용하기로 유명해요. (That designer is famous for using unique fabrics.)

Using 옷감 correctly in a sentence requires an understanding of how it interacts with various verbs and adjectives. Since it is a concrete noun, it most often functions as the subject or object of a sentence. When you are at a store, you might use the object marker -을/를 to say "옷감을 고르다" (to choose fabric) or "옷감을 사다" (to buy fabric). If you are describing the qualities of the fabric itself, you would use the subject marker -이/가 followed by a descriptive verb (adjective) like "옷감이 부드럽다" (the fabric is soft). It is important to remember that 옷감 refers to the material *before* it is sewn. Once the fabric has been turned into a shirt, you would no longer call it 옷감; you would call it 옷 (clothes) or refer to the specific item like 셔츠 (shirt). This distinction is a common point of confusion for beginners who might try to say they are 'wearing' 옷감. In Korean, you wear '옷', not '옷감'.

Common Verb Pairings: 끊다 (to cut/buy a length of), 만지다 (to touch), 고르다 (to choose), 재단하다 (to cut out a pattern), 직조하다 (to weave).

점원에게 이 옷감을 두 마만 끊어 달라고 했어요. (I asked the clerk to cut two yards of this fabric.)

The verb '끊다' (kkeunta) is particularly interesting here. While its primary meaning is 'to cut' or 'to sever,' in the context of buying fabric at a traditional market, it is the standard way to say you are purchasing a specific length of cloth. This reflects the physical action of the merchant cutting the fabric from a large roll. Another important aspect of using 옷감 is specifying the type of material. You can place the material name directly before 옷감 to create a compound description, such as "면 옷감" (cotton fabric) or "비단 옷감" (silk fabric). This allows for precise communication when you have a specific project in mind. Furthermore, when discussing the suitability of a material for a certain season, you might say "겨울 옷감" (winter fabric) or "여름 옷감" (summer fabric). This categorization is essential in Korea's four-season climate, where the weight and breathability of the 옷감 are matters of practical necessity rather than just style.

Descriptive Patterns: [Adjective] + 옷감: 두꺼운 옷감 (thick fabric), 가벼운 옷감 (light fabric), 화려한 옷감 (fancy/colorful fabric).

이 옷감은 촉감이 아주 매끄러워요. (This fabric feels very smooth to the touch.)

In more advanced usage, you might encounter 옷감 in passive constructions or as part of complex sentences describing the manufacturing process. For instance, "옷감이 상하다" means the fabric has been damaged or worn out. "옷감을 염색하다" means to dye the fabric. If you are a student of fashion or design, you will also learn about "옷감의 결" (the grain of the fabric), which is vital for proper cutting and sewing. Even if you aren't a tailor, knowing these patterns helps you understand product descriptions when shopping online or reading labels. Korean online shopping malls often provide detailed zoomed-in photos of the 옷감 so that customers can judge the texture without touching it. In these cases, the descriptions will often use technical terms like '비침 없음' (not see-through) or '신축성 좋음' (good elasticity) to describe the 옷감. By paying attention to how these words are used together, you can quickly build a robust vocabulary related to textiles and clothing.

Questions to Ask: "이 옷감은 세탁기 사용이 가능한가요?" (Is this fabric machine washable?) or "어떤 옷감이 가장 질긴가요?" (Which fabric is the most durable?)

천연 염료로 물들인 옷감은 색이 참 자연스러워요. (Fabric dyed with natural dyes has very natural colors.)

아이들 옷은 땀 흡수가 잘 되는 옷감으로 골라야 해요. (For children's clothes, you should choose fabric that absorbs sweat well.)

이 옷감은 구김이 잘 가지 않아서 관리가 편해요. (This fabric doesn't wrinkle easily, so it's easy to care for.)

If you visit South Korea, one of the most vibrant places you will hear the word 옷감 is in the traditional markets. Specifically, the Dongdaemun Shopping Complex (동대문 종합시장) is a world-famous hub for textiles. Here, thousands of stalls are packed with rolls of 옷감, and the air is filled with the sounds of merchants and designers haggling over prices and discussing the latest trends. You will hear phrases like "이 옷감 얼마예요?" (How much is this fabric?) or "이 옷감은 신상인가요?" (Is this fabric a new arrival?). In this environment, 옷감 isn't just a word; it's the lifeblood of the local economy. Designers from small boutiques and large fashion houses alike come here to source their materials, and you might overhear intense discussions about the 'drape' or 'hand' of a particular 옷감. It is a sensory-overload experience where the word comes to life through the vibrant colors and varied textures surrounding you.

At the Tailor Shop (양복점/양장점): When getting a custom suit or dress made, the tailor will present you with books of swatches. They will ask, "어떤 옷감으로 하시겠어요?" (Which fabric would you like to use?)

동대문 시장에는 전 세계에서 온 다양한 옷감들이 가득해요. (Dongdaemun Market is full of various fabrics from all over the world.)

Another common place to encounter this word is in the world of traditional Korean dress, the Hanbok. Hanbok shops (한복집) are specialized environments where the choice of 옷감 is of paramount importance. Because Hanbok is often worn for significant life events like weddings (결혼식) or first birthdays (돌잔치), the quality of the silk or ramie (모시) 옷감 is a status symbol and a mark of respect. You might hear elders discussing whether a particular 옷감 is '고급스럽다' (luxurious) or '단아하다' (elegant and refined). In these settings, the word carries a weight of tradition and cultural identity. Even in modern TV dramas or historical 'Saguek' shows, you might see scenes where a character is gifted a precious piece of 옷감, highlighting its historical value as a commodity. Understanding the context of these conversations helps you appreciate how deeply integrated textiles are in Korean social customs.

In Home Shopping and E-commerce: Hosts on Korean home shopping channels often praise the 옷감 of the clothing they are selling, using terms like '고퀄리티' (high quality) or '프리미엄 소재' (premium material).

한복집 사장님이 이 옷감이 가장 귀한 것이라고 추천해 주셨어요. (The owner of the Hanbok shop recommended this fabric as the most precious one.)

Finally, you will hear 옷감 in educational settings, such as home economics classes (가정 시간) or fashion design courses in university. In these contexts, the focus is on the technical properties of the material. Students learn about the weave, the fiber content, and the chemical reactions of different 옷감 to heat and moisture. You might hear a teacher say, "옷감의 종류에 따라 다림질 온도를 조절해야 합니다" (You must adjust the ironing temperature according to the type of fabric). This technical usage ensures that the next generation of Korean designers and consumers maintains a high standard of textile knowledge. Whether it's in a bustling market, a quiet tailor shop, or a modern classroom, the word 옷감 is an essential part of the vocabulary for anyone interested in the physical objects that clothe and protect us. It bridges the gap between raw material and finished art, making it a truly versatile and indispensable term in the Korean language.

In Literature and Media: Authors might use 옷감 to describe the setting, like "햇살 아래 옷감들이 무지개처럼 널려 있었다" (The fabrics were spread out like a rainbow under the sunlight).

디자인도 중요하지만, 무엇보다 옷감이 좋아야 옷이 살아요. (Design is important, but above all, the fabric must be good for the clothes to look alive.)

이 옷감은 천연 소재라서 피부에 자극이 없어요. (This fabric is a natural material, so it doesn't irritate the skin.)

패션 잡지에서 이번 시즌에 유행할 옷감들을 소개했어요. (The fashion magazine introduced the fabrics that will be trendy this season.)

One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make when learning 옷감 is confusing it with the general word for 'cloth' or 'fabric,' which is 천 (cheon). While they are often interchangeable in casual conversation, '천' is a much broader term. You can use '천' to describe a cleaning rag (걸레), a tent material, or a piece of scrap cloth. However, '옷감' specifically implies that the material is intended for making clothes. If you go to a tailor and ask for '천,' they will understand you, but using '옷감' sounds much more precise and natural. It shows you understand the intended purpose of the textile. Another common error is using '옷감' when you actually mean '옷' (clothes). For example, a student might say "오늘 예쁜 옷감을 입었어요" (I wore pretty fabric today). This sounds very strange in Korean because you don't 'wear' fabric; you wear 'clothes.' The correct sentence would be "오늘 예쁜 옷을 입었어요." Remember: 옷감 is the raw material; 옷 is the finished product.

옷 vs. 옷감: 옷 = Finished garment (e.g., shirt, pants). 옷감 = The textile used to make that garment. You can buy 옷감, but you wear 옷.

Incorrect: 이 옷감은 너무 작아서 안 맞아요. (This fabric is too small so it doesn't fit.)
Correct: 이 옷은 너무 작아서 안 맞아요. (This clothing is too small so it doesn't fit.)

Another nuance involves the word 원단 (wondan). In professional settings, such as fashion design or wholesale textile trading, '원단' is used more frequently than '옷감.' While a beginner using '옷감' is perfectly fine, if you are working in the industry, continuing to use '옷감' might make you sound slightly amateurish. It's similar to the difference between saying 'material for clothes' and 'textile stock.' Furthermore, learners often struggle with the counters used for fabric. In English, we say 'yards' or 'meters.' In traditional Korean markets, you will often hear the counter 마 (ma), which is roughly equivalent to a yard (about 90cm). Saying "옷감 두 개 주세요" (Give me two fabrics) is incorrect; you should say "옷감 두 마 주세요" (Give me two yards of fabric). Using the wrong counter is a dead giveaway that you are a beginner, so learning '마' alongside '옷감' is a great way to level up your speaking skills.

Confusing with 소재 (Sojae): 소재 means 'material' in a broader sense (including wood, plastic, or even 'subject matter' for a story). Use 옷감 when specifically talking about textiles for clothing.

Incorrect: 옷감을 세탁기에 돌렸어요. (I put the fabric in the washing machine - implies washing raw yardage.)
Correct: 옷을 세탁기에 돌렸어요. (I put the clothes in the washing machine.)

Finally, be careful with the pronunciation. The 'ㅅ' in '옷' (ot) is followed by 'ㄱ' in '감' (gam). Due to Korean phonological rules, the 'ㅅ' (which is pronounced as a 't' stop at the end of a syllable) makes the following 'ㄱ' sound reinforced or 'tense.' So, it is pronounced more like [옫깜 - ot-kkam]. Beginners often mispronounce it as two separate, soft syllables, which can make it harder for native speakers to understand in a noisy market. Practicing the tense 'kk' sound will make your speech sound much more authentic. Additionally, don't confuse '옷감' with '옷감각' (ot-gam-gak), which isn't a standard word but might be mistaken for 'sense of style' (which is actually '옷 입는 센스' or '패션 감각'). Keeping these distinctions in mind will help you avoid the most common pitfalls and use the word with confidence in any situation.

Summary of Pitfalls: 1. Using it for finished clothes. 2. Using '개' instead of '마' as a counter. 3. Confusing it with '천' (general cloth) or '소재' (general material). 4. Mispronouncing the tense 'kk' sound.

이 옷감은 너무 얇아서 속이 비쳐요. (This fabric is so thin that it's see-through.)

비싼 옷감이라고 해서 다 좋은 것은 아니에요. (Just because it's expensive fabric doesn't mean it's all good.)

초보자에게는 다루기 쉬운 면 옷감을 추천합니다. (For beginners, I recommend cotton fabric which is easy to handle.)

To truly master the vocabulary of textiles in Korean, it is helpful to compare 옷감 with its synonyms and related terms. While 옷감 is the most common word for 'clothing fabric,' several other words occupy similar semantic spaces. The most frequent alternative is 천 (cheon). As mentioned before, '천' is a generic term for any cloth. If you find a piece of fabric on the floor and you don't know what it's for, you call it '천.' If you are using a cloth to wipe a table, it's '천.' However, if that same piece of cloth is high-quality wool intended for a coat, '옷감' is the more specific and appropriate choice. Think of '천' as 'cloth' and '옷감' as 'dressmaking fabric.' Another important word is 원단 (wondan). This is the industry standard term. If you are looking at a wholesale website or talking to a professional textile manufacturer, they will almost exclusively use '원단.' It carries a more commercial and technical connotation than the everyday '옷감.'

옷감 vs. 천 vs. 원단

옷감: Specific to clothes; everyday use.
천: Generic cloth; can be for anything (cleaning, rags, etc.).
원단: Professional/Wholesale term; 'textile stock.'

이 천으로 식탁보를 만들 거예요. (I'm going to make a tablecloth with this cloth.)

Beyond these, we have 직물 (jingmul) and 섬유 (seomyu). '직물' refers to 'woven fabric' or 'textiles' in a more academic or industrial sense. You will see this word in textbooks about history or manufacturing (e.g., '직물 산업' - the textile industry). '섬유' means 'fiber.' This is the most basic level of the material—the individual strands of cotton, wool, or polyester that are spun into yarn and then woven into 옷감. If you are looking at a clothing label to see the percentage of cotton, you are looking at the '섬유 혼용률' (fiber blend ratio). Finally, there is 소재 (sojae), which means 'material' or 'ingredient.' In modern fashion marketing, '소재' is often used to sound more sophisticated, emphasizing the high-tech or luxury nature of the fabric (e.g., '기능성 소재' - functional/performance material). While '옷감' focuses on the purpose (clothes), '소재' focuses on the substance itself.

Technical Terms: 직물 (Textile/Woven goods), 섬유 (Fiber), 소재 (Material/Substance), 피륙 (Old-fashioned term for piece goods).

이 옷은 특수한 소재를 사용해서 방수가 됩니다. (This clothing uses a special material, so it is waterproof.)

When you want to describe specific types of fabric, you can use more specialized nouns. For instance, 비단 (bidan) is the traditional word for silk, often associated with luxury and history. 모시 (mosi) and 삼베 (sambe) are traditional hemp and ramie fabrics known for their coolness in the summer. In modern contexts, loanwords from English are very common: 데님 (denim), 벨벳 (velvet), 린넨 (linen). By knowing these alternatives, you can be much more descriptive. Instead of just saying 'this fabric,' you can say 'this luxurious silk fabric' or 'this breathable linen fabric.' This richness of vocabulary reflects the importance of textiles in Korean culture and the sophistication of its fashion industry. As you progress, try to swap '옷감' for these more specific terms when the situation calls for it, and you will find that your Korean sounds much more nuanced and professional.

Comparison Summary: Choosing the right word depends on: 1. The purpose of the cloth. 2. The setting (professional vs. casual). 3. The level of technical detail you want to provide.

박물관에는 아주 오래된 직물들이 전시되어 있어요. (Very old textiles are on display in the museum.)

합성 섬유보다 천연 섬유가 환경에 더 좋습니다. (Natural fibers are better for the environment than synthetic fibers.)

이 원단은 이탈리아에서 직수입한 것입니다. (This textile stock was directly imported from Italy.)

How Formal Is It?

Fun Fact

The word '감' is used in many other Korean words like '신랑감' (a man suitable to be a groom) or '장난감' (material for playing, i.e., a toy). It always implies potential.

Pronunciation Guide

UK /ɒt.ɡæm/

US /ɑt.ɡæm/

The primary stress is on the first syllable '옷', but the '감' sound is reinforced.

Rhymes With

공감 (gong-gam) 영감 (yeong-gam) 질감 (jil-gam) 색감 (saek-gam) 촉감 (chok-gam) 양감 (yang-gam) 무게감 (mu-ge-gam) 입체감 (ip-che-gam)

Common Errors

Pronouncing the 'ㅅ' as a full 's' sound (should be a 't' stop).
Failing to tense the 'ㄱ' sound in '감' (it should sound like 'kkam').
Separating the two syllables too much; they should flow together.
Pronouncing '감' with a long 'a' like 'game'.
Dropping the final 'm' sound.

Difficulty Rating

Reading 1/5

Very easy to recognize as it's a compound of two basic words.

Writing 2/5

Simple spelling, but remember the 'ㅅ' in '옷'.

Speaking 2/5

Pronunciation requires the tense 'kk' sound in 'gam'.

Listening 2/5

Can be confused with '옷감각' or other 'gam' words in fast speech.

What to Learn Next

Prerequisites

옷 (Clothes) 천 (Cloth) 시장 (Market) 만들다 (To make) 부드럽다 (To be soft)

Learn Next

원단 (Textile) 소재 (Material) 섬유 (Fiber) 재단하다 (To cut/tailor) 바느질 (Sewing)

Advanced

방수 (Waterproof) 신축성 (Elasticity) 통기성 (Breathability) 혼용률 (Blend ratio) 직조 (Weaving)

Grammar to Know

Noun + -(이)라서 (Because it is...)

면 옷감이라서 시원해요. (Because it's cotton fabric, it's cool.)

Noun + -(으)로 (Using/With...)

실크 옷감으로 드레스를 만들었어요. (I made a dress with silk fabric.)

Noun + -만 (Only...)

옷감만 샀어요. (I only bought the fabric.)

Descriptive Verb + -ㄴ/은 (Noun modifying form)

비싼 옷감은 역시 달라요. (Expensive fabric is indeed different.)

Noun + -마다 (Every...)

옷감마다 특성이 달라요. (Every fabric has different characteristics.)

Examples by Level

이 옷감은 정말 예뻐요.

This fabric is really pretty.

이 (this) + 옷감 (fabric) + 은 (topic marker) + 정말 (really) + 예뻐요 (is pretty).

저는 시장에서 옷감을 샀어요.

I bought fabric at the market.

시장에서 (at the market) + 옷감을 (fabric + object marker) + 샀어요 (bought).

어떤 옷감이 좋아요?

Which fabric is good?

어떤 (which) + 옷감이 (fabric + subject marker) + 좋아요 (is good)?

이 옷감은 부드러워요.

This fabric is soft.

부드러워요 (is soft) describes the texture of the 옷감.

옷감이 많이 필요해요.

I need a lot of fabric.

많이 (a lot) + 필요해요 (is needed).

그 옷감은 비싸요.

That fabric is expensive.

그 (that) + 비싸요 (is expensive).

파란색 옷감을 주세요.

Please give me the blue fabric.

파란색 (blue color) + 옷감을 (fabric + object marker) + 주세요 (please give).

엄마가 옷감으로 옷을 만들어요.

Mom makes clothes with fabric.

옷감으로 (with/using fabric) + 옷을 (clothes) + 만들어요 (makes).

이 옷감은 면이라서 시원해요.

Because this fabric is cotton, it's cool.

면 (cotton) + -이라서 (because it is).

옷감을 두 마만 사기로 했어요.

I decided to buy only two yards of fabric.

두 마 (two yards) + 만 (only) + 사기로 했어요 (decided to buy).

세탁기에 넣어도 되는 옷감인가요?

Is this a fabric that can be put in the washing machine?

넣어도 되는 (that is okay to put in) + 옷감인가요 (is it fabric?).

이 옷감은 색깔이 참 고와요.

The color of this fabric is very beautiful/fine.

색깔이 (color) + 참 (very) + 고와요 (is beautiful/fine).

겨울에는 두꺼운 옷감이 필요해요.

In winter, thick fabric is needed.

두꺼운 (thick) + 옷감이 (fabric).

저는 꽃무늬가 있는 옷감을 좋아해요.

I like fabric with floral patterns.

꽃무늬가 있는 (that has floral patterns).

옷감을 만져 보니 질이 좋네요.

Having touched the fabric, I see the quality is good.

만져 보니 (having tried touching) + 질이 (quality) + 좋네요 (is good, indeed).

아이 옷을 만들 부드러운 옷감을 찾아요.

I'm looking for soft fabric to make children's clothes.

만들 (to make - future participle) + 찾아요 (looking for).

옷감이 상하지 않게 조심해서 다림질하세요.

Iron carefully so that the fabric doesn't get damaged.

상하지 않게 (so that it doesn't get damaged) + 조심해서 (carefully).

이 옷감은 구김이 잘 가지 않아서 여행용으로 좋아요.

This fabric doesn't wrinkle easily, so it's good for travel.

구김이 잘 가지 않아서 (because wrinkles don't easily go/form).

천연 소재 옷감은 피부가 민감한 사람에게 적합합니다.

Natural material fabric is suitable for people with sensitive skin.

민감한 (sensitive) + 사람에게 (to a person) + 적합합니다 (is suitable).

디자이너는 옷감의 질감을 살려 드레스를 완성했다.

The designer finished the dress by making the most of the fabric's texture.

질감을 살려 (bringing the texture to life/utilizing the texture).

옷감을 고를 때는 빛에 비추어 보는 것이 좋습니다.

When choosing fabric, it's good to hold it up to the light.

비추어 보는 것 (the act of reflecting/shining through and looking).

이 옷감은 신축성이 좋아서 활동하기 편해요.

This fabric has good elasticity, so it's comfortable to move in.

신축성이 (elasticity) + 활동하기 (to do activities/move).

한복용 옷감은 일반 옷감보다 훨씬 화려합니다.

Fabric for Hanbok is much more colorful/fancy than general fabric.

한복용 (for Hanbok use) + 훨씬 (much more).

옷감을 자르기 전에 미리 물에 적셔 세탁하는 것이 안전해요.

It's safe to wash the fabric in water beforehand before cutting it.

자르기 전에 (before cutting) + 적셔 (soak/wet) + 안전해요 (is safe).

옷감의 혼용률을 확인하니 면과 폴리에스테르가 섞여 있네요.

Checking the blend ratio of the fabric, I see cotton and polyester are mixed.

혼용률 (blend ratio) + 섞여 있네요 (is mixed, I see).

이 옷감은 땀 흡수와 배출이 뛰어난 기능성 소재입니다.

This fabric is a functional material with excellent sweat absorption and release.

흡수와 배출이 (absorption and discharge) + 뛰어난 (excellent).

옷감의 결을 무시하고 재단하면 옷의 형태가 틀어질 수 있습니다.

If you cut ignoring the grain of the fabric, the shape of the clothes can get distorted.

결을 무시하고 (ignoring the grain) + 틀어질 수 있습니다 (can be twisted/distorted).

그 시장은 질 좋은 옷감을 도매 가격으로 판매한다.

That market sells high-quality fabric at wholesale prices.

도매 가격으로 (at wholesale price) + 판매한다 (sells).

이 옷감은 특수 처리가 되어 있어 오염에 강합니다.

This fabric has been specially treated, so it is resistant to stains.

특수 처리가 되어 있어 (because special treatment has been done) + 오염에 (to pollution/stains).

천연 염색된 옷감은 시간이 지날수록 멋이 더해집니다.

Naturally dyed fabric gains more charm as time passes.

지날수록 (the more it passes) + 멋이 더해집니다 (charm is added).

디자이너는 계절에 어울리는 옷감을 선택하는 안목이 필요하다.

A designer needs an eye for selecting fabric that suits the season.

어울리는 (suiting/matching) + 안목이 (an eye/discernment).

이 옷감은 드레이프성이 좋아서 실루엣이 아름답게 떨어집니다.

This fabric has good drape, so the silhouette falls beautifully.

드레이프성이 (drape-ability) + 떨어집니다 (falls).

전통적인 방식의 옷감 직조 기술은 문화유산으로서 가치가 큽니다.

Traditional fabric weaving techniques have great value as cultural heritage.

직조 기술 (weaving technology) + 문화유산으로서 (as a cultural heritage).

산업화 이후 저렴한 합성 옷감의 보급은 의복 생활의 혁명을 가져왔다.

The dissemination of cheap synthetic fabrics after industrialization brought a revolution to clothing life.

보급은 (dissemination/supply) + 혁명을 가져왔다 (brought a revolution).

작가는 옷감의 거친 질감을 통해 주인공의 고단한 삶을 형상화했다.

The author embodied the protagonist's weary life through the rough texture of the fabric.

고단한 (weary/tired) + 형상화했다 (embodied/visualized).

최근 패션계에서는 버려진 옷감을 재활용하는 '업사이클링'이 주목받고 있다.

Recently in the fashion world, 'upcycling'—recycling discarded fabrics—is gaining attention.

버려진 (discarded) + 주목받고 있다 (is receiving attention).

이 옷감은 빛의 각도에 따라 색이 미묘하게 변하는 특징이 있습니다.

This fabric has a characteristic where the color subtly changes depending on the angle of light.

빛의 각도에 따라 (depending on the angle of light) + 미묘하게 (subtly).

옷감의 통기성은 무더운 여름철 의류 제작 시 가장 먼저 고려해야 할 요소다.

Fabric breathability is the first factor to consider when making clothing for the sweltering summer season.

통기성은 (breathability) + 고려해야 할 (that must be considered).

박물관에 보존된 고대 옷감 조각들은 당시의 생활상을 짐작게 한다.

Ancient fabric fragments preserved in the museum allow us to guess the lifestyle of that time.

생활상을 (lifestyle/way of living) + 짐작게 한다 (allows one to guess).

고급 맞춤복 시장에서는 여전히 천연 소재의 옷감이 선호되고 있다.

In the high-end custom clothing market, natural material fabrics are still preferred.

맞춤복 (custom clothes) + 선호되고 있다 (is being preferred).

섬유 과학의 발달로 인해 옷감은 이제 단순한 피복의 기능을 넘어 스마트 소자로 진화하고 있다.

Due to the development of fiber science, fabric is now evolving beyond the function of simple covering into smart elements.

피복 (covering/clothing) + 스마트 소자로 (into smart elements/devices).

옷감의 마찰 계수를 정밀하게 측정하여 운동 성능을 극대화하는 스포츠웨어가 개발되었다.

Sportswear that maximizes athletic performance by precisely measuring the friction coefficient of the fabric has been developed.

마찰 계수를 (friction coefficient) + 극대화하는 (maximizing).

지속 가능한 패션을 위해 생분해성 옷감의 개발이 시급한 과제로 떠올랐다.

For sustainable fashion, the development of biodegradable fabrics has emerged as an urgent task.

생분해성 (biodegradable) + 시급한 과제로 (as an urgent task).

옷감의 염색 공정에서 발생하는 폐수를 최소화하기 위한 친환경 기술이 도입되고 있다.

Eco-friendly technologies are being introduced to minimize wastewater generated in the fabric dyeing process.

염색 공정 (dyeing process) + 최소화하기 위한 (for minimizing).

이 시의 은유는 옷감의 올이 풀리듯 서서히 해체되는 인간 관계를 묘사하고 있다.

The metaphor in this poem describes human relationships being gradually dismantled like the unraveling of fabric threads.

올이 풀리듯 (as if threads are coming loose) + 해체되는 (being dismantled).

옷감의 인장 강도와 내구성은 군복이나 보호복 제작에 있어 필수적인 평가 항목이다.

The tensile strength and durability of fabric are essential evaluation items in the production of military or protective clothing.

인장 강도 (tensile strength) + 평가 항목 (evaluation item).

전통 모시 옷감의 섬세한 짜임새는 한국 미학의 정수를 보여준다.

The delicate weave of traditional ramie fabric shows the essence of Korean aesthetics.

짜임새는 (weave/structure) + 정수를 (essence/core).

기술적 복제 시대에도 장인의 손끝에서 탄생한 옷감의 아우라는 대체 불가능하다.

Even in the age of technical reproduction, the aura of fabric born from a craftsman's fingertips is irreplaceable.

기술적 복제 시대 (age of technical reproduction) + 대체 불가능하다 (is irreplaceable).

Common Collocations

옷감을 고르다

옷감을 끊다

옷감이 부드럽다

옷감이 질기다

옷감을 재단하다

옷감을 짜다

옷감이 상하다

옷감이 귀하다

옷감을 염색하다

옷감의 결

Common Phrases

옷감이 좋다

— The fabric is of good quality. Used when praising the material of a garment.

이 셔츠는 옷감이 참 좋네요.

옷감이 얇다

— The fabric is thin. Often used to describe summer clothes.

여름이라 옷감이 얇은 것을 찾아요.

옷감이 두껍다

— The fabric is thick. Often used to describe winter clothes.

겨울 코트라 옷감이 꽤 두꺼워요.

옷감이 모자라다

— There is not enough fabric. Used when a sewing project needs more material.

옷감이 모자라서 소매를 못 만들었어요.

옷감을 대다

— To provide or supply fabric. Often used in business or historical contexts.

그는 군대에 옷감을 대는 업자였다.

옷감이 남다

— There is fabric left over. Used when you have scraps after sewing.

옷감이 남아서 가방도 만들었어요.

옷감이 거칠다

— The fabric is rough. Used to describe low-quality or specific textures like burlap.

이 옷감은 너무 거칠어서 따가워요.

옷감이 비치다

— The fabric is see-through. Used to describe thin or sheer materials.

옷감이 비치니까 안에 속옷을 입으세요.

옷감이 줄어들다

— The fabric shrinks. Used when discussing washing instructions.

이 옷감은 뜨거운 물에 빨면 줄어들어요.

옷감을 만지작거리다

— To fiddle with or keep touching the fabric. Suggests admiration or indecision.

그녀는 비단 옷감을 만지작거리며 고민했다.

Often Confused With

옷감 vs 천

천 is general cloth; 옷감 is specifically for clothes.

옷감 vs 원단

원단 is more professional/technical than 옷감.

옷감 vs 옷

옷 is a finished garment; 옷감 is the raw fabric.

Idioms & Expressions

"옷감이 날개다"

— While the common idiom is '옷이 날개다' (Clothes make the man), this variation emphasizes that the quality of the fabric is what makes the person look good.

역시 옷감이 날개라더니, 좋은 천을 쓰니 사람이 달라 보이네.

Casual

"옷감을 끊어 놓다"

— Literally to have cut the fabric, but idiomatically it means to have started a project or made a commitment to make something.

이미 옷감을 끊어 놓았으니 이제 바느질만 하면 돼.

Neutral

"옷감에 몸을 맞추다"

— To try to fit oneself into a situation that doesn't suit them, like trying to fit into fabric that wasn't cut for them.

옷감에 몸을 맞추려 하지 말고 너에게 맞는 일을 찾아라.

Metaphorical

"한 마 옷감에 두 사람 옷"

— Trying to do too much with too little; being overly ambitious or stingy.

한 마 옷감에 두 사람 옷을 만들려니 일이 안 되지.

Casual

"옷감 보고 옷 만든다"

— To act according to the resources or circumstances available.

상황을 봐가며 해야지, 옷감 보고 옷 만드는 법이야.

Proverbial

"비단 옷감에 꽃을 더하다"

— To add something good on top of something already good (similar to 'icing on the cake'). Derived from '금상첨화'.

좋은 옷감에 자수까지 놓으니 정말 비단 옷감에 꽃을 더한 격이네.

Literary

"옷감 아끼다 똥 된다"

— If you save something too much and don't use it, it becomes useless. (Vulgar but common).

옷감 아끼다 똥 되니까 그냥 지금 써버려.

Slang/Informal

"옷감이 사람을 만든다"

— A variation on 'clothes make the man', suggesting the material quality reflects the wearer's status.

옷감이 사람을 만든다더니, 비단을 입으니 양반 같구나.

Casual

"옷감 타령"

— Complaining about the material instead of one's own lack of skill.

실력이 없으니 옷감 타령만 하는구나.

Casual

"옷감 한 마에 정성 한 마"

— Suggests that the effort put into the fabric is as important as the fabric itself.

옷감 한 마에 정성 한 마를 담아 옷을 지었다.

Poetic

Easily Confused

옷감 vs 천

Both mean 'cloth' or 'fabric'.

천 is a broad term for any cloth (like a rag or curtain). 옷감 is specifically for making garments. You wouldn't call a cleaning rag '옷감'.

이 천으로 바닥을 닦아요. (Wipe the floor with this cloth.) vs 이 옷감으로 치마를 만들어요. (Make a skirt with this fabric.)

옷감 vs 원단

Both refer to fabric used for clothes.

원단 is an industry/professional term used by designers and wholesalers. 옷감 is the everyday word used by general consumers.

원단 시장에 가다. (Go to the textile market - professional) vs 예쁜 옷감을 사다. (Buy pretty fabric - casual).

옷감 vs 소재

Both can refer to what a garment is made of.

소재 means 'material' in general (can be wood, metal, etc.). When used in fashion, it emphasizes the technical or chemical properties (e.g., '100% natural material').

이 옷은 소재가 아주 좋아요. (This clothing has great materials.)

옷감 vs 직물

Both refer to textiles.

직물 refers specifically to 'woven' textiles and is used in technical, historical, or academic contexts.

전통 직물 박물관. (Traditional Textile Museum.)

옷감 vs 섬유

Fibers make up fabric.

섬유 refers to the individual fibers (cotton, silk threads) themselves, not the finished sheet of fabric.

합성 섬유. (Synthetic fiber.)

Sentence Patterns

이 [Noun]은/는 [Adjective]아요/어요.

이 옷감은 예뻐요.

[Noun]을/를 [Number] 마 주세요.

옷감을 두 마 주세요.

[Noun]이라서 [Result].

면 옷감이라서 가벼워요.

[Noun]을/를 [Verb]기 전에 [Action].

옷감을 자르기 전에 세탁하세요.

[Noun]의 [Property]이/가 뛰어나다.

옷감의 신축성이 뛰어나다.

[Noun]에 따라 [Difference].

옷감에 따라 세탁 방법이 달라요.

[Noun]을/를 통해 [Abstract Concept].

옷감을 통해 문화를 이해하다.

[Noun]의 [Technical Term]을/를 측정하다.

옷감의 마찰 계수를 측정하다.

Word Family

Nouns

옷 (Clothes)

겉감 (Outer fabric)

안감 (Lining fabric)

감 (Material/Source)

원단 (Textile stock)

Verbs

옷감을 짜다 (To weave fabric)

옷감을 고르다 (To choose fabric)

옷감을 재단하다 (To cut fabric)

Adjectives

옷감스럽다 (Fabric-like - rare)

질 좋은 (High quality)

부드러운 (Soft)

바느질 (Sewing)

실 (Thread)

바늘 (Needle)

재봉틀 (Sewing machine)

패션 (Fashion)

How to Use It

frequency

Very common in daily life, especially regarding shopping and clothing care.

Common Mistakes

옷감을 입었어요. → 옷을 입었어요.
You cannot wear raw fabric; you wear finished clothes. '옷감' is only for the material before it is made into a garment.
옷감 두 개 주세요. → 옷감 두 마 주세요.
Fabric is measured in yards (마) or meters, not in individual counts (개), unless you are buying pre-cut swatches.
이 옷감은 너무 작아요. (Meaning the shirt is too small) → 이 옷은 너무 작아요.
If you are talking about the size of a piece of clothing you are trying on, use '옷'. '옷감' refers to the material itself.
걸레 옷감을 사러 가요. → 걸레로 쓸 천을 사러 가요.
'옷감' is specifically for clothes. For a cleaning rag (걸레), use '천' (cloth).
옷감의 색깔이 맛있다. → 옷감의 색깔이 예쁘다/곱다.
While '색감' (color sense) can be described in many ways, '맛있다' (delicious) is not used for fabric colors. Use '예쁘다' or '곱다'.

Tips

Learn the 'Gam' Suffix

The '감' in 옷감 is very productive. Learn it as 'material for'. This will help you understand words like '안감' (lining), '겉감' (outer layer), and even '장난감' (toy).

Hanbok Fabrics

If you visit a Hanbok shop, try using the word '옷감' instead of just '천'. It shows respect for the craft of making traditional clothing.

Buying in Units

When buying fabric, remember that 1 yard is about 1 '마'. If you need 2 meters, ask for '두 마 반' (two and a half yards) to be safe in traditional markets.

Don't Wear Fabric

Never use the verb '입다' (to wear) with 옷감. You can only '입다' an '옷'. You can '만지다' (touch) or '사다' (buy) 옷감.

The Tense K

The 'g' in 'gam' becomes a 'kk' sound because of the 't' stop in 'ot'. Practice saying [ot-kkam] to sound like a native.

Specific Fabrics

Instead of just '옷감', try adding the material name before it: '면 옷감' (cotton), '실크 옷감' (silk), '모직 옷감' (wool).

Describing Texture

Use the word '촉감' (chok-gam) to talk about how the fabric feels. '이 옷감은 촉감이 좋아요' means 'This fabric feels good to the touch'.

Industry Context

If you hear '원단' on a fashion show or in a clothing store, know that it's just a more professional version of '옷감'.

Visual Link

Picture a 'Coat' (옷) made of 'Gum' (감). It's a weird image, but it will help you remember the sound of the word for fabric.

Asking for Recommendations

Ask '어떤 옷감이 요즘 인기인가요?' (Which fabric is popular lately?) when shopping for materials.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Think of 'Oat' (옷) and 'Gum' (감). Imagine a shirt made of 'Oat' mixed with 'Gum' to hold the 'Fabric' together. (Ot-Gam)

Visual Association

Visualize a giant roll of colorful cloth with a huge label that says 'OT-GAM' sitting next to a finished shirt.

Word Web

옷 (Clothes) 감 (Material) 면 (Cotton) 비단 (Silk) 모직 (Wool) 바느질 (Sewing) 시장 (Market) 디자이너 (Designer)

Challenge

Go to a clothing store and look at the labels. Try to say '이 옷감은 무엇인가요?' (What is this fabric?) to yourself for every item you touch.

Word Origin

Native Korean '옷' (ot) combined with the suffix-like noun '감' (gam). '옷' has been used for centuries to mean clothing. '감' is a versatile noun meaning material or something that will become a certain object.

Original meaning: The substance or material that will become clothing.

Koreanic

Cultural Context

No specific sensitivities, but when discussing traditional fabrics like 'sambe' (hemp), be aware it is also used for funeral shrouds.

In English, we often use 'material' or 'fabric' interchangeably. In Korean, '옷감' is more specific to clothes than the English word 'material'.

The Dongdaemun Fashion Market is the most famous place to see '옷감' in Korea. Traditional 'Saekdong' (rainbow-striped) 옷감 is iconic in Korean children's clothing. The movie 'The Royal Tailor' (상의원) focuses on the beauty of '옷감' and garment making in the palace.

Practice in Real Life

Real-World Contexts

Traditional Market Shopping

이 옷감 한 마에 얼마예요?
더 부드러운 옷감은 없나요?
이 옷감 두 마만 끊어 주세요.
이건 무슨 옷감이에요?

Sewing and DIY

옷감이 조금 부족해요.
남은 옷감으로 뭘 만들까요?
옷감의 앞뒤를 확인하세요.
이 옷감은 바느질하기 편해요.

Clothing Care

옷감이 상할까 봐 걱정돼요.
이 옷감은 드라이클리닝 하세요.
옷감이 줄어들지 않게 조심하세요.
다리미 온도가 옷감에 맞나요?

Fashion Design

이번 시즌에는 이런 옷감이 유행이에요.
옷감의 질감이 독특하네요.
새로운 옷감을 개발 중입니다.
옷감의 드레이프가 아주 좋아요.

Historical Discussion

옛날에는 옷감을 직접 짰어요.
귀한 옷감을 선물로 받았다.
전통 옷감인 모시와 삼베.
옷감의 무늬가 아주 화려하네요.

Conversation Starters

"이 옷감 만져 보세요. 정말 부드럽지 않나요? (Touch this fabric. Isn't it really soft?)"

"혹시 동대문 시장에 옷감 사러 가본 적 있어요? (Have you ever been to Dongdaemun Market to buy fabric?)"

"여름에는 어떤 옷감으로 만든 옷을 주로 입으세요? (What kind of fabric do you usually wear in the summer?)"

"이 옷감으로 원피스를 만들면 참 예쁠 것 같아요. (I think it would be very pretty to make a dress with this fabric.)"

"옷감을 고를 때 가장 중요하게 생각하는 게 뭐예요? (What is the most important thing you consider when choosing fabric?)"

Journal Prompts

오늘 시장에서 본 가장 아름다운 옷감에 대해 써 보세요. (Write about the most beautiful fabric you saw at the market today.)

만약 당신이 디자이너라면 어떤 옷감을 사용하고 싶나요? (If you were a designer, what kind of fabric would you want to use?)

어릴 때 좋아했던 옷의 옷감은 어떤 느낌이었나요? (What did the fabric of your favorite childhood clothing feel like?)

옷감이 우리 삶에서 왜 중요한지 자신의 생각을 정리해 보세요. (Organize your thoughts on why fabric is important in our lives.)

전통 옷감과 현대 옷감의 차이점에 대해 아는 대로 써 보세요. (Write what you know about the differences between traditional and modern fabrics.)

Frequently Asked Questions

10 questions

While '옷감' specifically implies clothing, people sometimes use it loosely for other textiles. However, it is more accurate to say '커튼 천' or '커튼 원단' for curtains. '옷감' literally means 'material for clothes'.

In traditional Korean markets, the counter '마' (ma) is most common. One '마' is about 90cm. In modern stores, '미터' (meter) is also used. For full rolls of fabric, the counter '필' (pil) is used.

It is a hybrid. '옷' is a native Korean word, and '감' is a Sino-Korean character (感 or more accurately in this context, the derived noun usage of 'material'). This hybrid structure is common in Korean.

You can ask, '이 옷감 세탁기에 돌려도 돼요?' or '이 옷감 물세탁 가능한가요?'. Native speakers will understand you are asking about the care requirements for the material.

'안감' is the lining fabric (the part inside), and '겉감' is the outer fabric (the part everyone sees). These are very common terms when discussing high-quality clothing like coats or Hanbok.

No, for a person's character or potential, you just use '감'. For example, '장군감' (someone with the potential to be a general) or '대통령감' (presidential material). '옷감' is strictly for physical textiles.

Usually, no. For leather, you use '가죽'. '옷감' generally refers to woven or knitted textiles. However, if you are using leather specifically to make a garment, you might occasionally hear it, but '가죽 소재' is much more common.

You use the word '무늬' (munui). For example, '꽃무늬 옷감' (floral pattern fabric) or '줄무늬 옷감' (striped pattern fabric).

Dongdaemun is a professional wholesale market. '원단' is the industry term that designers and sellers use to sound more business-like. '옷감' sounds like something a grandmother would say when sewing at home.

No. For knitting yarn, you use '털실'. '옷감' refers to the flat sheet of fabric, not the string used to make it.