열매 in 30 Seconds
- '열매' means fruit (literal) or result/reward (figurative).
- Used for edible fruits and outcomes of effort.
- Think 'fruit' of a tree or 'fruit' of your labor.
- Definition
- The sweet and fleshy product of a tree or other plant, such as a fruit or seed.
- Usage
- The Korean word '열매' (yeolmae) refers to the fruit or result of something. It is most commonly used to describe the literal fruit of a plant, like apples, pears, or berries. However, it also has a figurative meaning, representing the outcome, harvest, or reward of efforts, hard work, or a process. This dual meaning makes '열매' a versatile word in Korean, applicable to both nature and abstract concepts.
사과나무에 맛있는 열매가 많이 열렸어요. (Sagwanamu-e masinneun yeolmaega mani yeollyeosseoyo.)
그의 노력은 마침내 좋은 열매를 맺었다. (Geu-ui noryeok-eun machimnae joeun yeolmaereul maejjeotda.)
- Literal Meaning
- When referring to plants, '열매' is the tangible product that grows from a flower. This can include fruits like apples, peaches, and grapes, as well as other plant products like nuts and seeds that are edible or serve a reproductive purpose for the plant. It's the part of the plant that is often harvested and consumed by humans and animals.
- Figurative Meaning
- Beyond its literal sense, '열매' is used metaphorically to represent the results or consequences of actions, endeavors, or processes. It signifies the outcome of hard work, dedication, or a series of events. This can be positive, like the success of a project, or negative, depending on the context. It's the 'fruit' of one's labor, the culmination of effort.
- Describing Fruits
- '열매' is used to refer to the fruits of trees and plants. It can be used generally or specifically when discussing different types of produce. For example, you might talk about the '열매' of a berry bush or the '열매' of a fruit tree. The verb '열리다' (yeollida - to bear, to open) is often used with '열매' when discussing plants producing fruit.
이 나무는 맛있는 열매를 맺는다. (I namu-neun masinneun yeolmaereul maennetda.)
- Figurative Use: Results of Effort
- In its figurative sense, '열매' is often paired with verbs like '맺다' (maetda - to bear, to yield) or '거두다' (geoduda - to harvest, to reap) to signify the outcome of one's efforts. This applies to academic achievements, career successes, personal growth, or the results of any significant undertaking. It emphasizes the culmination and reward of hard work.
수년간의 연구 끝에 그들은 과학적인 열매를 맺었다. (Suhyeonan-ui yeongu kkeut-e geudeul-eun gwahakjeogin yeolmaereul maejjeotda.)
- Expressing Success or Reward
- '열매' can be used to talk about the rewards or benefits reaped from a situation. It highlights the positive outcomes that have materialized. It is a word that conveys a sense of accomplishment and the tangible results of invested time and energy.
우리의 협력이 성공적인 열매를 가져왔다. (Uri-ui hyeomnyeok-i seonggongjeogin yeolmaereul gajyeowatda.)
- Everyday Conversations
- You'll hear '열매' frequently in everyday conversations, especially during seasons when fruits are ripe. People might talk about the '열매' from their garden or the '열매' of a specific tree. It's also common when discussing the results of personal efforts. For instance, someone might say their hard work in studying is finally bearing '열매' (fruit/results).
올해는 감 열매가 아주 실하네요. (Olhae-neun gam yeolmaega aju silhaneyo.)
- Nature and Gardening
- In discussions about nature, agriculture, and gardening, '열매' is a staple word. Farmers, botanists, and hobby gardeners use it to describe the produce of plants. It’s an essential term for anyone discussing fruits, berries, or any edible outcome from a plant.
이 식물의 열매는 독성이 있으니 먹지 마세요. (I sikmul-ui yeolmaeneun dokseong-i isseuni meokji maseyo.)
- Speeches and Motivational Content
- The figurative meaning of '열매' makes it a popular word in motivational speeches, self-help content, and formal addresses. Speakers often use it to encourage perseverance and highlight the eventual rewards of hard work and dedication. It's a powerful metaphor for success and accomplishment.
당신의 땀과 노력의 열매를 곧 보게 될 것입니다. (Dangsin-ui ttamgwa noryeok-ui yeolmaereul got boge doel geosimnida.)
- Literature and Poetry
- In literary works, '열매' is used both literally and metaphorically. It can evoke imagery of nature's bounty or symbolize deeper meanings related to life, growth, consequences, and the cyclical nature of existence. Its poetic resonance makes it a favored term in creative writing.
- Confusing Literal and Figurative Meanings
- Learners might sometimes misuse '열매' by applying its figurative meaning to purely literal contexts, or vice versa. For example, saying 'The tree's effort bore fruit' instead of 'The tree bore fruit' would be a direct translation issue. The key is to understand that when talking about plants, it's the physical fruit; when talking about human endeavors, it's the result.
Incorrect: 이 나무는 노력의 열매를 맺는다. (This tree bears the fruit of effort.)
- Overuse in Figurative Sense
- While '열매' is a powerful word for results, overusing it in figurative contexts can sound unnatural or overly dramatic. Sometimes simpler words like '결과' (gyeol-gwa - result) or '성과' (seong-gwa - achievement/performance) might be more appropriate depending on the nuance. '열매' often implies a more organic or earned outcome.
Incorrect: 그의 모든 말에는 열매가 있었다. (All his words had fruit.)
- Choosing the Right Verb
- The verb used with '열매' is important. While '맺다' is common for bearing fruit (both literally and figuratively), '거두다' (to harvest/reap) is more specifically for the figurative 'harvesting' of results. Using '열리다' (to open/bear) is primarily for the literal bearing of fruit.
Incorrect: 우리는 노력의 열매를 열었다. (We opened the fruit of our effort.)
- 열매 (yeolmae) vs. 과일 (gwail)
- 과일 (gwail) specifically means 'fruit' in the culinary sense – the sweet, fleshy product of a tree or plant that can be eaten. 열매 (yeolmae) is broader; it includes fruits but also encompasses seeds and other plant products. Figuratively, '열매' is the result of effort, while '과일' is almost exclusively literal.
- 열매 (yeolmae) vs. 결과 (gyeol-gwa)
- 결과 (gyeol-gwa) is a general term for 'result' or 'outcome' of any action, event, or process. It's a neutral term. 열매 (yeolmae) in its figurative sense also means 'result' or 'fruit,' but it often carries a connotation of something earned, a reward, or a natural culmination of effort, much like a fruit grows on a tree.
- 열매 (yeolmae) vs. 성과 (seong-gwa)
- 성과 (seong-gwa) refers to 'achievement,' 'performance,' or 'outcome,' often in a more professional or measurable context, like business performance or academic achievement. While '열매' can be used for these, '성과' is more specific to quantifiable success. '열매' can be more poetic and general.
- 열매 (yeolmae) vs. 소득 (so-deuk)
- 소득 (so-deuk) specifically means 'income' or 'earnings,' usually in a financial context. While financial gains can be considered the 'fruit' of labor, '소득' is the direct term for the money earned. '열매' is a more metaphorical way to describe the benefits, which could include financial ones but also other forms of success.
How Formal Is It?
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Fun Fact
The verb '열리다' (yeollida), meaning 'to open' or 'to bear fruit,' shares a linguistic connection with '열매' (yeolmae). This connection highlights the idea of something becoming accessible or appearing, whether it's a fruit opening from a bud or a result becoming evident.
Pronunciation Guide
- Mispronouncing the 'eo' vowel in '열' as a simple 'o' or 'u'.
- Not clearly articulating the final 'l' sound in '열'.
- Pronouncing '매' with an 'ay' sound like in 'say' instead of the shorter 'a' sound like in 'cat'.
Difficulty Rating
The word '열매' itself is A2 level. However, understanding its figurative nuances and common collocations requires higher comprehension skills. Texts discussing abstract concepts like success, effort, or natural cycles will present a moderate reading challenge.
Using '열매' correctly in writing, especially in its figurative sense, requires a good grasp of context and nuance. Beginners might stick to literal uses, while intermediate learners can start incorporating figurative expressions.
Pronunciation is straightforward. The challenge lies in choosing the appropriate context for literal versus figurative use and employing common idiomatic phrases naturally.
Recognizing '열매' in speech is generally easy due to its commonality. Distinguishing between literal fruit and figurative results depends on the surrounding context and intonation.
What to Learn Next
Prerequisites
Learn Next
Advanced
Grammar to Know
Object Particle '을/를'
나는 맛있는 열매를 좋아한다. (I like delicious fruit.)
Subject Particle '이/가'
열매가 나무에 많이 열렸다. (Fruit ripened a lot on the tree.)
Possessive Particle '의'
그의 노력의 열매 (The fruit of his effort)
Verb Conjugation: -았/었/였다
그의 노력은 좋은 열매를 맺었다. (His efforts bore good fruit.)
Verb Conjugation: -ㅂ/습니다 (Formal)
이 나무는 맛있는 열매를 맺습니다. (This tree bears delicious fruit.)
Examples by Level
사과 열매.
Apple fruit.
Noun usage.
나무에 열매가 있어요.
There are fruits on the tree.
Location particle '에'.
나는 열매를 좋아해요.
I like fruit.
Object particle '를'.
이것은 열매입니다.
This is fruit.
Copula '입니다'.
작은 열매.
Small fruit.
Adjective + Noun.
맛있는 열매.
Delicious fruit.
Adjective + Noun.
빨간 열매.
Red fruit.
Color adjective + Noun.
가을 열매.
Autumn fruit.
Season + Noun.
이 나무는 맛있는 열매를 맺어요.
This tree bears delicious fruit.
Verb '맺다' (to bear fruit).
우리의 노력은 좋은 열매를 가져왔습니다.
Our efforts brought good fruit.
Figurative use of '열매'.
봄에는 꽃이 피고 가을에는 열매가 열립니다.
Flowers bloom in spring and fruit ripens in autumn.
Verb '열리다' (to open, to bear).
산딸기는 작지만 아주 달콤한 열매입니다.
Wild berries are small but very sweet fruit.
Descriptive adjectives.
그는 자신의 연구의 열매를 세상과 나누고 싶어 합니다.
He wants to share the fruit of his research with the world.
Possessive + Figurative use.
정성껏 기른 채소에서 신선한 열매를 수확했습니다.
We harvested fresh produce from the carefully grown vegetables.
Verb '수확하다' (to harvest).
이 공원의 나무들은 다양한 종류의 열매를 가지고 있습니다.
The trees in this park have various kinds of fruit.
Noun modification.
그의 꿈은 마침내 열매를 맺기 시작했습니다.
His dream finally began to bear fruit.
Idiomatic expression.
오랜 기간의 노력 끝에, 그의 사업은 마침내 달콤한 열매를 맺기 시작했다.
After a long period of effort, his business finally began to bear sweet fruit.
Figurative use with '맺다'.
농부들은 풍성한 열매를 수확하기 위해 열심히 일합니다.
Farmers work hard to harvest abundant fruits.
Noun '풍성한' (abundant).
이 지역은 특히 복숭아와 같은 맛있는 열매로 유명합니다.
This region is particularly famous for delicious fruits such as peaches.
Specifying types of fruit.
교육의 열매는 개인과 사회 모두에게 긍정적인 영향을 미칩니다.
The fruit of education has a positive impact on both individuals and society.
Abstract concept as source of '열매'.
그녀는 자신의 예술 작품을 통해 세상의 아름다움을 포착하고 그 열매를 사람들과 공유합니다.
She captures the beauty of the world through her artwork and shares its fruits with people.
Sharing the 'fruit' of creativity.
어려운 환경 속에서도 희망을 잃지 않고 노력하면 언젠가는 반드시 열매를 맺을 수 있습니다.
Even in difficult circumstances, if you don't lose hope and keep trying, you can surely bear fruit someday.
Encouragement and perseverance.
탐스러운 붉은 열매가 나무 가지마다 주렁주렁 매달려 있었다.
Luscious red fruits hung in abundance from every branch of the tree.
Descriptive adjectives and verb usage.
성공은 노력의 열매일 뿐만 아니라, 꾸준한 자기 계발의 결과이기도 합니다.
Success is not only the fruit of effort, but also the result of continuous self-development.
Connecting '열매' with other concepts.
그의 헌신적인 노력은 결국 과학 연구의 획기적인 열매를 맺게 되었다.
His dedicated efforts eventually bore groundbreaking fruit in scientific research.
Adjective '획기적인' (groundbreaking).
도시 농업이 확산되면서 시민들은 자신의 손으로 직접 기른 신선한 열매와 채소를 맛볼 기회를 얻고 있다.
As urban farming spreads, citizens are getting the opportunity to taste fresh fruits and vegetables they have grown themselves.
Compound noun usage.
인내심을 가지고 꾸준히 노력하면, 아무리 어려운 상황이라도 결국에는 긍정적인 열매를 거둘 수 있을 것이다.
With patience and persistent effort, even the most difficult situations will eventually yield positive fruit.
Verb '거두다' (to reap/harvest).
이 프로젝트는 단순한 경제적 이익을 넘어, 사회적 가치 창출이라는 더 큰 열매를 목표로 하고 있습니다.
This project aims for the greater fruit of creating social value, beyond mere economic benefits.
Abstract goals as '열매'.
그녀의 수년간의 예술적 탐구는 마침내 대중의 찬사를 받는 독창적인 작품이라는 열매를 맺었다.
Her years of artistic exploration finally bore the fruit of original works that received public acclaim.
Describing the nature of the 'fruit'.
자연의 섭리에 따라, 씨앗은 땅속에서 싹을 틔우고 자라나 마침내 탐스러운 열매를 맺게 된다.
According to the laws of nature, seeds sprout and grow in the earth, eventually bearing luscious fruit.
Natural processes.
그의 연설은 청중들에게 깊은 영감을 주었고, 이는 곧 사회 변화라는 열매로 이어졌다.
His speech deeply inspired the audience, which soon led to the fruit of social change.
Consequential '열매'.
이 단체가 추진하는 지속 가능한 개발 노력은 지역 사회에 경제적, 환경적 열매를 가져다줄 것으로 기대된다.
The sustainable development efforts promoted by this organization are expected to bring economic and environmental fruit to the local community.
Multiple types of 'fruit'.
수십 년간의 연구와 실험 끝에, 그들은 질병 치료에 획기적인 열매를 맺는 새로운 약물을 개발하는 데 성공했다.
After decades of research and experimentation, they succeeded in developing a new drug that bore groundbreaking fruit in disease treatment.
Complex sentence structure and vocabulary.
기업의 사회적 책임(CSR) 활동은 단기적인 이윤 추구를 넘어, 장기적으로는 기업 이미지 제고와 사회 전반의 지속 가능한 발전을 도모하는 열매를 맺게 된다.
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities go beyond short-term profit-seeking, ultimately bearing the fruit of enhanced corporate image and sustainable development for society as a whole.
Abstract and complex concepts.
그녀의 예술은 단순히 미학적인 만족감을 넘어, 인간의 내면을 탐구하고 사회적 통찰을 제공함으로써 깊은 사유의 열매를 관객에게 선사한다.
Her art, beyond mere aesthetic satisfaction, offers the fruit of deep contemplation to the audience by exploring the human psyche and providing social insights.
Nuanced figurative language.
평화로운 공존과 상호 존중을 바탕으로 한 국제 협력은 갈등을 해소하고 공동 번영을 이루는 가장 확실한 열매를 가져올 수 있다.
International cooperation based on peaceful coexistence and mutual respect can bring the most certain fruit of resolving conflicts and achieving common prosperity.
Political and social contexts.
인류의 오랜 염원이던 우주 탐사는 이제 인류의 지식과 기술의 지평을 넓히는 장엄한 열매를 맺고 있다.
Space exploration, humanity's long-held desire, is now bearing the magnificent fruit of expanding the horizons of human knowledge and technology.
Grand scale and abstract outcomes.
디지털 혁신은 교육, 의료, 문화 등 사회 각 분야에 걸쳐 전례 없는 변화를 가져오며, 이는 미래 사회의 발전이라는 거대한 열매를 약속한다.
Digital innovation is bringing unprecedented changes across various sectors of society, including education, healthcare, and culture, promising the great fruit of future societal development.
Broad societal impact.
생태계의 건강성은 다양한 생물 종들이 서로 조화롭게 공존하며 상호 의존하는 복잡한 상호작용의 열매이다.
The health of an ecosystem is the fruit of complex interactions where diverse species coexist harmoniously and depend on each other.
Ecological context.
그는 자신의 경험과 지혜를 바탕으로 차세대 리더들에게 영감을 불어넣어, 그들이 더 나은 세상을 만들어가는 열매를 맺도록 이끌었다.
Based on his experience and wisdom, he inspired the next generation of leaders, guiding them to bear the fruit of creating a better world.
Mentorship and legacy.
인류 문명의 발전 과정은 끊임없는 도전과 시련 속에서 지식, 기술, 문화적 성취라는 다층적인 열매를 맺어온 역사적 서사이다.
The development process of human civilization is a historical narrative that has borne multi-layered fruits of knowledge, technology, and cultural achievement amidst continuous challenges and trials.
Highly abstract and historical context.
진정한 민주주의 사회는 시민들의 적극적인 참여와 성숙한 시민 의식이라는 열매를 통해 그 정체성을 공고히 한다.
A true democratic society solidifies its identity through the fruit of active citizen participation and mature civic consciousness.
Political philosophy and abstract concepts.
지속 가능한 발전을 위한 국제 사회의 협력은 빈곤 퇴치, 환경 보호, 인권 신장 등 인류 전체의 복지를 증진시키는 구체적이고 가시적인 열매를 맺어야 한다.
International cooperation for sustainable development must bear concrete and visible fruits such as poverty eradication, environmental protection, and human rights advancement, thereby promoting the well-being of all humanity.
Global policy and impact.
예술가의 창조적 고뇌와 성찰은 시대를 초월하는 보편적 가치를 담은 작품이라는 열매를 맺어 후대에 깊은 울림을 준다.
An artist's creative agony and introspection bear the fruit of works containing universal values that transcend time, giving deep resonance to future generations.
Artistic philosophy and legacy.
기술 발전의 혜택이 사회 전반에 고르게 분배될 때, 비로소 우리는 기술 혁신이라는 열매를 공동으로 향유할 수 있게 된다.
Only when the benefits of technological advancement are equitably distributed throughout society can we collectively enjoy the fruit of technological innovation.
Socio-economic implications.
인간 정신의 불굴의 의지와 끊임없는 탐구 정신은 미지의 영역을 개척하고 인류의 지식 체계를 확장하는 위대한 열매를 맺어왔다.
The indomitable will and relentless spirit of inquiry of the human mind have borne the great fruit of pioneering unknown territories and expanding humanity's knowledge system.
Human spirit and exploration.
역사적으로 볼 때, 억압과 불의에 맞선 저항은 자유와 평등이라는 귀중한 열매를 맺기 위한 피할 수 없는 과정이었다.
Historically speaking, resistance against oppression and injustice was an unavoidable process to bear the precious fruit of freedom and equality.
Historical struggles and outcomes.
문화 간의 교류와 융합은 인류의 창의성을 증진시키고 다양성을 풍요롭게 하는, 시대를 초월하는 열매를 선사한다.
Cultural exchange and fusion enhance human creativity and enrich diversity, bestowing timeless fruits.
Cultural synthesis.
Common Collocations
Common Phrases
— To bear fruit (literally) or to yield results/success (figuratively).
그의 오랜 노력 끝에 드디어 <mark class='bg-purple-200 px-0.5 rounded'>열매를 맺었다</mark>. (After his long efforts, he finally bore fruit.)
— Fruit ripens or appears on a tree/plant. Can also be used figuratively for results appearing.
봄이 오면 나무에 <mark class='bg-purple-200 px-0.5 rounded'>열매가 열린다</mark>. (When spring comes, fruit appears on the tree.)
— Sweet fruit.
이 숲에는 아주 <mark class='bg-purple-200 px-0.5 rounded'>달콤한 열매</mark>가 많아요. (There are many very sweet fruits in this forest.)
— To reap good results or a successful outcome.
우리 팀은 열심히 일한 덕분에 <mark class='bg-purple-200 px-0.5 rounded'>좋은 열매를 거두었다</mark>. (Thanks to our hard work, our team reaped good results.)
— The fruit or result of one's effort.
이것이 바로 너의 <mark class='bg-purple-200 px-0.5 rounded'>노력의 열매</mark>이다. (This is precisely the fruit of your effort.)
— The fruits of life; the culmination of life's experiences and achievements.
그는 평생 모은 지혜를 <mark class='bg-purple-200 px-0.5 rounded'>인생의 열매</mark>라고 말했다. (He said the wisdom he gathered throughout his life was the fruit of his life.)
— The fruit of success; the rewards of achieving success.
그는 마침내 <mark class='bg-purple-200 px-0.5 rounded'>성공의 열매</mark>를 맛보게 되었다. (He finally got to taste the fruit of success.)
— To bear fruit (figuratively, often more formal than '열매를 맺다').
그들의 오랜 노력은 드디어 <mark class='bg-purple-200 px-0.5 rounded'>결실을 맺었다</mark>. (Their long efforts finally bore fruit.)
— Luscious/tempting fruit.
나무에는 <mark class='bg-purple-200 px-0.5 rounded'>탐스러운 열매</mark>가 주렁주렁 달려 있었다. (Luscious fruits were hanging in abundance from the tree.)
— To pick fruit.
아이들이 과수원에서 <mark class='bg-purple-200 px-0.5 rounded'>열매를 따고</mark> 있다. (Children are picking fruit in the orchard.)
Often Confused With
'열매' is broader than '과일'. While '과일' specifically means edible fruit, '열매' can include seeds and other plant products, and most importantly, it has a strong figurative meaning for results and rewards. You wouldn't say '노력의 과일' (fruit of effort).
'결과' is a general term for 'result.' '열매' in its figurative sense implies a result that is earned, natural, or a reward, much like a fruit on a tree. '열매' often carries a more positive and organic connotation than the neutral '결과'.
'열매' is the mature part of the plant that contains seeds ('씨앗'). They represent different stages in a plant's life cycle – the beginning versus the end product.
Idioms & Expressions
— A person or thing that is unproductive or yields no results. Similar to 'a barren tree'.
그는 아무런 성과도 내지 못하는 열매 없는 나무와 같았다. (He was like a barren tree, unable to produce any results.)
Figurative, slightly negative— From beginning to end; covering all stages of a process. Literally, from seed to fruit.
우리는 이 프로젝트를 씨앗부터 열매까지 책임지고 완료할 것이다. (We will take responsibility for this project from seed to fruit and complete it.)
Figurative, comprehensive— To yield good results or have positive consequences. This is a very common figurative idiom.
그의 꾸준한 노력은 결국 좋은 열매를 맺었다. (His constant efforts finally bore good fruit.)
Figurative, positive— To taste the sweet fruit; to enjoy the rewards of one's hard work.
오랜 기다림 끝에, 드디어 그들은 그들의 노력에 대한 달콤한 열매를 맛보았다. (After a long wait, they finally tasted the sweet fruit of their labor.)
Figurative, positive— Something that comes easily or unexpectedly, like a windfall. Literally, fruit that falls from the sky.
그는 예상치 못한 행운으로 마치 하늘에서 떨어진 열매처럼 큰 돈을 얻었다. (He gained a large sum of money like fruit fallen from the sky, due to unexpected luck.)
Figurative, informal— Empty talk; words that lead to no results or action.
그의 약속은 항상 열매 없는 소리로 끝나곤 했다. (His promises always ended up as empty talk.)
Figurative, negative— The bitter fruits of suffering; the negative consequences of hardship.
그는 과거의 잘못된 선택으로 인해 고통의 열매를 지금도 맛보고 있다. (He is still tasting the fruit of suffering due to his past wrong choices.)
Figurative, negative— The rewards of patience; the positive outcomes of enduring hardship with patience.
인내의 열매는 달다는 옛말이 있다. (There is an old saying that the fruit of patience is sweet.)
Figurative, positive— The fruit of wisdom; the insights and understanding gained through experience and learning.
그의 오랜 경험은 깊은 지혜의 열매를 맺었다. (His long experience bore the fruit of deep wisdom.)
Figurative, positive— The fruits of justice; the positive outcomes of fighting for justice.
시민들의 용기 있는 행동이 마침내 정의의 열매를 가져왔다. (The courageous actions of the citizens finally brought the fruit of justice.)
Figurative, positiveEasily Confused
Both refer to the product of a plant and can be sweet and edible.
'과일' specifically refers to edible fruits like apples or oranges. '열매' is a broader term that includes fruits but also other plant products like nuts or seeds. Crucially, '열매' has a widely used figurative meaning ('fruit of labor'), which '과일' does not.
나는 사과 <mark class='bg-red-200 px-0.5 rounded'>열매</mark>를 좋아한다. (I like apple fruit.) - Literal. <br> 그의 노력은 좋은 <mark class='bg-red-200 px-0.5 rounded'>결실</mark>을 맺었다. (His efforts bore good fruit.) - Figurative use, '열매' or '결실' is used here, not '과일'.
Both can refer to the outcome of something.
'결과' is a general term for any result, whether positive, negative, or neutral. '열매,' especially in its figurative sense, implies a result that is earned, a reward, or a natural culmination of effort, often with a positive connotation, like the 'fruit' of one's labor. You can have a negative '결과,' but the figurative '열매' is usually positive.
시험 <mark class='bg-red-200 px-0.5 rounded'>결과</mark>가 좋지 않았다. (The exam result was not good.) - Neutral/Negative. <br> 그의 노력은 좋은 <mark class='bg-red-200 px-0.5 rounded'>열매</mark>를 맺었다. (His effort bore good fruit.) - Positive figurative outcome.
Both can refer to the positive outcome of effort.
'성과' specifically refers to achievements, performance, or outcomes, often in a measurable or professional context (e.g., business results, project success). '열매' is more poetic and can refer to a broader range of positive outcomes, including personal growth or satisfaction, not just quantifiable achievements. '성과' is more about the 'performance,' while '열매' is about the 'fruit' of that performance.
이번 분기 <mark class='bg-red-200 px-0.5 rounded'>성과</mark>가 기대에 못 미쳤다. (This quarter's performance fell short of expectations.) <br> 그의 오랜 연구는 드디어 의미 있는 <mark class='bg-red-200 px-0.5 rounded'>열매</mark>를 맺었다. (His long research finally bore meaningful fruit.)
Both are used figuratively to mean the positive outcome or reward of effort.
'결실' is a more formal and literary synonym for the figurative meaning of '열매.' While '열매' can be used in both literal and figurative contexts, '결실' is almost exclusively used figuratively to denote the realization or fruition of dreams, efforts, or plans. It often carries a sense of deep satisfaction and accomplishment.
그녀의 꿈이 마침내 <mark class='bg-red-200 px-0.5 rounded'>결실</mark>을 보았다. (Her dream finally saw fruition.) <br> 그의 노력은 좋은 <mark class='bg-red-200 px-0.5 rounded'>열매</mark>를 맺었다. (His effort bore good fruit.)
Both can refer to something produced.
'산물' means 'product' or 'offspring' and can refer to the output of natural processes, human endeavors, or intellectual creations. It's a broader term than '열매.' While '열매' can be a type of '산물,' '산물' can also refer to intangible things like ideas or theories that aren't typically called '열매.'
이 책은 그의 오랜 연구의 <mark class='bg-red-200 px-0.5 rounded'>산물</mark>이다. (This book is the product of his long research.) <br> 이 나무는 맛있는 <mark class='bg-red-200 px-0.5 rounded'>열매</mark>를 맺는다. (This tree bears delicious fruit.)
Sentence Patterns
Noun + 열매
사과 <mark class='bg-indigo-200 px-0.5 rounded'>열매</mark>.
Noun + 에 + 열매 + 가 + 있어요
나무<mark class='bg-indigo-200 px-0.5 rounded'>에</mark> <mark class='bg-indigo-200 px-0.5 rounded'>열매</mark><mark class='bg-indigo-200 px-0.5 rounded'>가</mark> 있어요.
Adjective + 열매 + 를/을 + 맺다
맛있는 <mark class='bg-indigo-200 px-0.5 rounded'>열매</mark><mark class='bg-indigo-200 px-0.5 rounded'>를</mark> 맺다.
Noun + 의 + 열매 + 를/을 + 가져오다
노력<mark class='bg-indigo-200 px-0.5 rounded'>의</mark> <mark class='bg-indigo-200 px-0.5 rounded'>열매</mark><mark class='bg-indigo-200 px-0.5 rounded'>를</mark> 가져오다.
Noun + 의 + 열매 + 를/을 + 맺다
그의 노력<mark class='bg-indigo-200 px-0.5 rounded'>의</mark> <mark class='bg-indigo-200 px-0.5 rounded'>열매</mark><mark class='bg-indigo-200 px-0.5 rounded'>를</mark> 맺었다.
Adjective + Noun + 는/은 + 열매
오랜 노력<mark class='bg-indigo-200 px-0.5 rounded'>은</mark> <mark class='bg-indigo-200 px-0.5 rounded'>열매</mark>를 맺는다.
Noun + 는/은 + Noun + 의 + 열매
성공<mark class='bg-indigo-200 px-0.5 rounded'>은</mark> 노력<mark class='bg-indigo-200 px-0.5 rounded'>의</mark> <mark class='bg-indigo-200 px-0.5 rounded'>열매</mark>이다.
Noun + 의 + 열매 + 를/을 + 거두다
그들은 그들의 헌신<mark class='bg-indigo-200 px-0.5 rounded'>의</mark> <mark class='bg-indigo-200 px-0.5 rounded'>열매</mark><mark class='bg-indigo-200 px-0.5 rounded'>를</mark> 거두었다.
Word Family
Nouns
Verbs
Adjectives
Related
How to Use It
High
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Using '열매' for general negative results.
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Using '결과' for general results, especially negative ones.
'열매' often implies a positive or earned outcome, like the fruit of labor. While it can be used for negative consequences ('bitter fruit'), '결과' is the more neutral and common term for any outcome, positive or negative.
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Confusing '열매' with '과일' in figurative contexts.
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Using '열매' for figurative meanings (results of effort) and '과일' for literal edible fruits.
'과일' is strictly for edible fruits. '열매' can be literal fruit but is also widely used figuratively for the results of effort, which '과일' cannot be.
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Using '열매' when '성과' is more appropriate.
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Using '성과' for measurable achievements or professional performance.
'성과' refers to specific achievements or performance metrics. '열매' is more general and poetic, referring to the broader fruits of labor or success, not necessarily quantifiable results.
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Incorrect verb pairing.
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Using '열매를 맺다' or '열매가 열리다' appropriately.
While '열매를 맺다' can be used both literally and figuratively, '열매가 열리다' is more commonly used for the literal ripening or appearance of fruit on a plant. Ensure the verb aligns with the intended meaning.
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Overusing '열매' in formal writing.
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Using '결실' or '성과' in formal contexts when appropriate.
While '열매' is versatile, '결실' is often preferred for formal figurative meanings of fruition or realization, and '성과' for professional achievements. Overusing '열매' can sometimes sound too informal or poetic in very formal settings.
Tips
Literal vs. Figurative
Always consider the context. If someone is talking about a tree or a garden, '열매' likely refers to actual fruit. If they are discussing hard work, projects, or life goals, it's likely the figurative 'fruit' or result of their efforts.
Related Words
Learn related words like '과일' (fruit), '씨앗' (seed), '나무' (tree), '수확' (harvest), and '결실' (fruition) to build a richer understanding of the topic.
Sentence Building
Practice creating your own sentences using '열매,' both literally and figuratively. Try to use common collocations like '열매를 맺다' and '노력의 열매'.
Clear Articulation
Pay attention to the pronunciation of '열매,' particularly the 'eo' vowel and the final 'l' sound in '열.' Clear pronunciation aids comprehension.
Metaphorical Use
Understand that '열매' is often used metaphorically to represent rewards, outcomes, and the culmination of effort. This is a key aspect of its usage in Korean.
Idiomatic Expressions
Familiarize yourself with common phrases and idioms involving '열매' such as '열매를 맺다' (to bear fruit) and '노력의 열매' (fruit of effort) to enhance your fluency.
Cultural Significance
Recognize the cultural importance of '결실' (fruition) in Korean society, which is closely linked to the figurative meaning of '열매.' It emphasizes the value placed on hard work and its eventual rewards.
Word Choice
Learn to differentiate '열매' from similar words like '과일,' '결과,' and '성과' based on context and nuance, ensuring accurate and natural Korean expression.
Listening Practice
Listen to Korean dramas, podcasts, or conversations to hear how native speakers use '열매' in various contexts. This will help you internalize its usage.
Real-World Use
Try to find opportunities to use '열매' in your own Korean practice, whether in writing or speaking, to solidify your understanding and application of the word.
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Imagine a tree with delicious 'YELLING' fruits because they are so good. The 'YELLING' sounds like 'yeol', and the fruits are the 'mae' part. So, '열매' is like the 'yelling fruit' of a tree. For the figurative meaning, think of your hard work 'yelling' out its success as 'fruit'.
Visual Association
Picture a vibrant, lush tree heavy with ripe, colorful fruits. Focus on one particularly appealing fruit, perhaps a juicy apple or a cluster of berries. For the figurative meaning, visualize a trophy or a medal representing the 'fruit' of your labor, glowing brightly.
Word Web
Challenge
Try to describe your favorite fruit using '열매' and then think of a recent success you had, describing it as the '열매' of your effort. Write both sentences.
Word Origin
The word '열매' (yeolmae) is a native Korean word. Its exact etymological origin is not definitively traced to a single ancient root, but it is believed to have evolved from older Koreanic terms related to the product of plants. It is part of the core vocabulary of the Korean language.
Original meaning: The original meaning was likely the tangible product of a tree or plant, specifically what is harvested and consumed.
KoreanicCultural Context
The word is generally positive and neutral. Its figurative use is often motivational. Avoid using it to describe negative outcomes unless explicitly contextualized as the 'bitter fruit' of bad actions.
While English has 'fruit' for the literal meaning and 'fruit' or 'results' for the figurative, Korean uses '열매' for both, often with a stronger connotation of something earned or naturally produced through a process.
Practice in Real Life
Real-World Contexts
Gardening and nature descriptions
- 맛있는 열매 (masinneun yeolmae)
- 열매가 열리다 (yeolmae-ga yeollida)
- 탐스러운 열매 (tamseureoun yeolmae)
Discussing achievements and success
- 노력의 열매 (noryeok-ui yeolmae)
- 좋은 열매를 맺다 (joeun yeolmae-reul maetda)
- 성공의 열매 (seonggong-ui yeolmae)
Motivational speeches and advice
- 인내의 열매 (innae-ui yeolmae)
- 달콤한 열매를 맛보다 (dalkomhan yeolmae-reul matboda)
- 열매를 거두다 (yeolmae-reul geoduda)
Describing the outcome of a project or endeavor
- 프로젝트의 열매 (peurojekteu-ui yeolmae)
- 결실을 맺다 (gyeol-sil-eul maetda)
- 결과물 (gyeol-gwa-mul)
Food and culinary discussions (though '과일' is more common)
- 신선한 열매 (sinseonhan yeolmae)
- 열매를 따다 (yeolmae-reul ttada)
- 다양한 열매 (dayanghan yeolmae)
Conversation Starters
"What kind of fruit do you like the most?"
"Have you ever grown any fruit yourself?"
"What do you think is the 'fruit' of your hard work recently?"
"Do you believe that hard work always bears fruit?"
"What's a recent success you've had that felt like the 'fruit' of your efforts?"
Journal Prompts
Describe a time when your efforts bore significant 'fruit.' What was the process like, and what was the outcome?
Reflect on a natural setting or a plant you know. Describe the 'fruit' it produces, both literally and perhaps metaphorically.
Write about a goal you are currently working towards. What kind of 'fruit' do you hope it will yield?
Consider the phrase 'the fruit of your labor.' What does this mean to you personally, and how does it relate to your life?
Think about a challenging situation you've overcome. What was the 'fruit' of enduring that challenge?
Frequently Asked Questions
10 questionsNo, '열매' has both a literal meaning (the fruit of a tree or plant) and a figurative meaning. The figurative meaning refers to the results, rewards, or outcomes of effort, hard work, or a process. For example, '노력의 열매' (noryeok-ui yeolmae) means 'the fruit of effort'.
Generally, '열매' is used for fruits and other plant products like nuts or seeds. For vegetables, specific terms like '채소' (chaeso) are more common. However, some botanical fruits that are used as vegetables (like tomatoes or cucumbers) might be referred to as '열매' in a botanical context.
'과일' (gwail) specifically refers to edible fruits like apples, bananas, and peaches. '열매' is a broader term that includes fruits but also other plant products like seeds or nuts. More importantly, '열매' has a common figurative meaning ('fruit of labor') that '과일' does not.
'결과' (gyeol-gwa) is a general term for 'result' or 'outcome' of any action or event. '열매,' especially in its figurative sense, implies a result that is earned, a reward, or a natural culmination of effort, often with a positive connotation. Think of '열매' as the 'fruit' of your labor, while '결과' is just the outcome.
You can say '열매나무' (yeolmae-namu) or '과일나무' (gwail-namu). '열매나무' is more general and can refer to any tree that bears fruit or plant products, while '과일나무' specifically refers to a tree that bears edible fruit.
Literally, '열매' refers to the product of a plant, which is usually positive (edible, nutritious). Figuratively, while it strongly implies positive outcomes (rewards, success), it can sometimes be used to describe negative consequences, often in contrast to positive ones or as the 'bitter fruit' of bad actions. However, '결과' is more commonly used for neutral or negative outcomes.
The most common verbs are '맺다' (maetda - to bear, to form) and '열리다' (yeollida - to open, to bear fruit). For example, '열매를 맺다' (to bear fruit, literally or figuratively) and '열매가 열리다' (fruit ripens/appears).
Yes, '열매' is a very common word in Korean, used both in everyday conversation when talking about fruits and in more formal or literary contexts for its figurative meaning.
'열매' is pronounced as /jɛɔl.mɛ/. The first syllable '열' has a 'y' sound, followed by the 'eo' vowel (like the 'u' in 'but'), and ends with an 'l'. The second syllable '매' has an 'm' sound followed by the 'ae' vowel (like the 'a' in 'cat'). The stress is relatively even.
Yes, there are several. For example, '열매 없는 나무' (yeolmae eomneun namu) means an unproductive person or thing. '씨앗부터 열매까지' (ssiatbuteo yeolmaekkaji) means 'from beginning to end'.
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Summary
The Korean word '열매' (yeolmae) is versatile, referring to both the literal fruit of a plant and the figurative 'fruit' or result of one's efforts and endeavors.
- '열매' means fruit (literal) or result/reward (figurative).
- Used for edible fruits and outcomes of effort.
- Think 'fruit' of a tree or 'fruit' of your labor.
Literal vs. Figurative
Always consider the context. If someone is talking about a tree or a garden, '열매' likely refers to actual fruit. If they are discussing hard work, projects, or life goals, it's likely the figurative 'fruit' or result of their efforts.
Related Words
Learn related words like '과일' (fruit), '씨앗' (seed), '나무' (tree), '수확' (harvest), and '결실' (fruition) to build a richer understanding of the topic.
Sentence Building
Practice creating your own sentences using '열매,' both literally and figuratively. Try to use common collocations like '열매를 맺다' and '노력의 열매'.
Clear Articulation
Pay attention to the pronunciation of '열매,' particularly the 'eo' vowel and the final 'l' sound in '열.' Clear pronunciation aids comprehension.
Example
가을에는 나무에 빨간 열매가 주렁주렁 열려요.
Related Content
This Word in Other Languages
Related Phrases
More nature words
~에 대한
A2About, regarding; indicating the topic or subject.
~게
A2Suffix to turn adjectives or verbs into adverbs.
공기
A1Air, atmosphere.
몽땅
B1All of it, entirely, completely.
온갖
B1All sorts of, every kind of.
~을/를 따라서
A2Along; indicating movement or position parallel to something.
동물
A1animal
개미
A1A small insect typically living in large colonies.
주위에
A2Surrounding something or someone; around.
그대로
A2Without changing; as it is.
