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A2 noun 10 min read

어젯밤

eojetbam
Examples 어젯밤 in 30 Seconds
Explanation 어젯밤 in your Level:
At the A1 level, learners are introduced to '어젯밤' as a basic time expression to describe their immediate past activities. The focus is on the simple combination of '어제' (yesterday) and '밤' (night). Students learn to use it in very simple Subject-Time-Object-Verb structures, such as '어젯밤에 잤어요' (I slept last night) or '어젯밤에 밥을 먹었어요' (I ate last night). At this stage, the most important thing is to recognize the word and understand that it refers to the night that just passed. Learners might struggle with the 'ㅅ' spelling, often writing it as '어제밤', but at A1, the emphasis is on basic communication. They also learn to distinguish it from '오늘' (today) and '내일' (tomorrow). Simple questions like '어젯밤에 뭐 했어요?' (What did you do last night?) are common in A1 textbooks to practice past tense conjugations. The word serves as a gateway to discussing daily routines and personal history in a very limited but functional capacity. Teachers usually introduce it alongside other time markers like '아침' (morning), '오후' (afternoon), and '저녁' (evening) to build a complete temporal vocabulary.
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At the A2 level, learners begin to use '어젯밤' with more variety and grammatical accuracy. They understand the 'sai-siot' (ㅅ) rule and can spell the word correctly. A2 students can form more complex sentences, such as '어젯밤에 친구하고 영화를 봤어요' (I watched a movie with a friend last night). They are also introduced to the distinction between '어젯밤' (late night) and '어제 저녁' (evening), learning that '어제 저녁' is more appropriate for dinner and social events. At this level, students can describe their feelings or the weather using this word: '어젯밤은 아주 추웠어요' (Last night was very cold). They also start to use '어젯밤' in negative sentences, like '어젯밤에 잠을 못 잤어요' (I couldn't sleep last night). The focus at A2 is on fluency in daily life scenarios—reporting what happened the night before to friends or teachers. They also become familiar with the pronunciation [어제빰], noticing how the 'b' sound becomes tensed. This level marks the transition from just knowing the word to using it naturally in a narrative context about their previous day's conclusion.
At the B1 level, '어젯밤' is used in more descriptive and nuanced ways. Learners can now use it to set the scene for a story or to explain a situation. For example, '어젯밤에 비가 많이 와서 길이 미끄러워요' (Because it rained a lot last night, the road is slippery). Here, '어젯밤' is part of a cause-and-effect sentence. B1 students also encounter the word in more varied social contexts, such as in polite inquiries about someone's night or health. They start to use it with a wider range of verbs and adverbs, like '어젯밤에 갑자기 생각이 났어요' (I suddenly thought of it last night). At this stage, learners are also introduced to '지난밤' and understand that it is a more formal or poetic alternative, often seen in written texts or songs. They can discuss their dreams in more detail: '어젯밤 꿈에 고향 집이 나왔어요' (My hometown house appeared in my dream last night). The B1 level involves moving beyond simple actions to expressing thoughts, feelings, and atmospheric descriptions related to 'last night'. They also begin to recognize the word in media, such as news headlines or TV show titles.
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At the B2 level, '어젯밤' is used with high proficiency in both spoken and written Korean. Learners can use it in abstract or metaphorical contexts. They are comfortable with the word's role in complex grammatical structures, such as '어젯밤에 일어난 일에 대해 이야기해 봅시다' (Let's talk about what happened last night). B2 students can distinguish the subtle stylistic differences between '어젯밤', '지난밤', and the more formal '작야'. They use '어젯밤' in debates, presentations, or detailed storytelling where timing is crucial. For example, they might describe a sequence of events: '어젯밤 10시경에 시작된 불은...' (The fire that started around 10 PM last night...). Their vocabulary surrounding '어젯밤' expands to include many collocations and idioms, such as '어젯밤 꿈자리가 사납다' (to have had a restless/bad dream last night). At this level, learners also appreciate the word's use in literature and film to evoke specific moods. They can discuss the cultural significance of 'last night's dreams' in Korean society. Their pronunciation is near-native, correctly applying the tensed 'pp' sound naturally without conscious thought.
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At the C1 level, '어젯밤' is handled with the finesse of a native speaker. The learner understands not just the meaning, but the emotional and cultural weight the word can carry in different registers. In academic or professional writing, they might choose '지난밤' or '작야' for precision and tone, but they use '어젯밤' perfectly in high-level discussions or creative writing. They can analyze how '어젯밤' is used in classical Korean poetry or modern literature to symbolize transition, darkness, or revelation. C1 learners are also aware of regional variations or archaic forms that might appear in older texts. They can use the word to create sophisticated narrative structures, such as using it as a recurring motif in a story. For instance, '어젯밤의 그 소리는 단순한 환청이 아니었다' (The sound from last night was not a simple hallucination). They are also adept at using '어젯밤' in complex social situations, such as offering a formal apology for something that occurred the night before or providing a detailed witness account. Their understanding of the 'sai-siot' rule is not just about spelling, but about the historical phonological development of the Korean language.
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At the C2 level, '어젯밤' is a simple tool in a vast arsenal of temporal expressions. The learner has a complete mastery of its usage, historical context, and linguistic properties. They can explain the 'sai-siot' phenomenon to others, citing '어젯밤' as a prime example of how Korean phonology and orthography interact. In creative or literary contexts, they might intentionally subvert the word's common usage to achieve a specific effect. They have a deep understanding of how '어젯밤' functions in the broader system of Korean time-marking, including its relationship to lunar calendars or traditional divisions of the night (like '자시', '축시'). A C2 learner can appreciate the nuance in a film where a character repeatedly says '어젯밤' to hide a deeper secret, picking up on the subtle prosody and context. They can write essays or critiques on Korean pop culture, discussing the significance of songs like '어젯밤 이야기' in the history of K-pop. At this level, the word is used with total spontaneity and perfect accuracy, indistinguishable from a highly educated native speaker. They can switch between '어젯밤', '지난밤', and '작야' with perfect situational awareness.
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Examples

어젯밤 in 30 Seconds

  • 어젯밤 (eo-jet-bam) is the standard Korean word for 'last night', used to describe events from the previous evening and night.
  • It is a compound of 'yesterday' (어제) and 'night' (밤), with a linking 'ㅅ' that changes pronunciation to [어제빰].
  • Always pair it with past tense verbs like '했다' or '봤다' to maintain grammatical consistency in your sentences.
  • It is common in daily greetings, K-dramas, and news, making it an essential word for any Korean learner to master.

The Korean word 어젯밤 (eo-jet-bam) is a quintessential temporal noun that translates directly to 'last night' in English. It is a compound word formed by combining 어제 (yesterday) and 밤 (night). A fascinating linguistic feature here is the addition of the ㅅ (sai-siot), which acts as a linking consonant. This occurs in Korean grammar when two nouns are combined to form a compound, specifically when the first word ends in a vowel and the second word begins with a plain consonant like 'ㅂ', 'ㄷ', 'ㄱ', 'ㅅ', or 'ㅈ', causing the following sound to become tensed. Therefore, while it is written as 어젯밤, it is pronounced as [어제빰/어젵빰]. This word is used universally across all levels of formality, from casual chats with friends to formal news broadcasts reporting on events that occurred during the previous night's hours.

Etymological Breakdown
The component '어제' originates from Middle Korean '어제', which has remained remarkably stable over centuries. '밤' refers to the period of darkness between sunset and sunrise. The 'ㅅ' reflects a historical genitive marker, essentially meaning 'the night OF yesterday'.
Temporal Scope
While '어제 저녁' refers to yesterday evening (roughly 6 PM to 9 PM), '어젯밤' covers the deeper hours of the night, including the time when people are typically sleeping or engaging in late-night activities.

"어젯밤에 눈이 많이 내렸어요." (It snowed a lot last night.)

A common way to describe weather changes that happened while you were asleep.

In Korean culture, discussing what happened '어젯밤' is a staple of morning greetings and social bonding. Koreans often ask about each other's sleep quality or dreams, as dreams (꿈) are sometimes seen as omens. If someone says they had a 'good dream' (좋은 꿈) last night, it might even prompt them to buy a lottery ticket. The word carries a sense of immediate past, bridging the gap between the previous day's conclusion and the start of the current day. It is more specific than '지난밤' (the night that passed), which can sometimes refer to any night in the recent past, whereas 어젯밤 is strictly the night immediately preceding today.

"어젯밤 꿈에 네가 나왔어." (You appeared in my dream last night.)

When using 어젯밤 in a sentence, it is frequently followed by the time particle -에 (at/in) to indicate when an action occurred. However, in casual speech, the particle is often dropped. For example, "어젯밤 뭐 했어?" (What did you do last night?) is perfectly natural. It is a versatile noun that can function as the subject of a sentence (어젯밤은 추웠다 - Last night was cold) or an adverbial time marker. Understanding this word is crucial because it sets the scene for storytelling, recounting experiences, and sharing personal news in daily Korean life.

Using 어젯밤 correctly involves understanding its relationship with particles and verb tenses. Since it refers to a completed time period, it is almost exclusively paired with past tense verbs. Whether you are describing a state of being or a specific action, the verb must reflect that the event has already concluded. For instance, if you want to say 'It was windy last night,' you would use '바람이 불었다' (the past tense of 불다). Using a present tense verb with 어젯밤 would be grammatically incorrect and confusing to a native speaker.

With the Time Particle '-에'
Adding '에' specifies the exact time window. Example: '어젯밤에 라면을 먹었어요' (I ate ramen last night). This is the most standard form for clear communication.
As a Subject with '-은/는' or '-이/가'
When you want to emphasize 'last night' as the topic or subject. Example: '어젯밤은 정말 길었어요' (Last night was really long).

"어젯밤에 잠을 한 숨도 못 잤어요." (I couldn't sleep a wink last night.)

A common pattern is combining 어젯밤 with verbs related to sleep and rest. Phrases like 잘 잤어요? (Did you sleep well?) are often preceded by 어젯밤 to specify the timeframe. If you had a busy night, you might say "어젯밤에 늦게까지 일했어요" (I worked until late last night). Note how the adverb '늦게까지' (until late) works in tandem with 어젯밤 to provide more detail about the duration of the activity within that night.

In more complex sentences, 어젯밤 can be used to set a narrative background. For example, "어젯밤에 만난 사람은 제 친구예요" (The person I met last night is my friend). Here, '어젯밤에 만난' acts as an adjectival clause modifying '사람'. This shows how the word can move beyond simple 'Time + Verb' structures into more sophisticated descriptions. Whether you are writing a diary entry, a text message, or an official report, 어젯밤 serves as the foundational anchor for any events occurring during the dark hours of the previous day.

"어젯밤부터 머리가 아파요." (My head has been hurting since last night.)

Using '-부터' (from) indicates a state that started last night and continues now.

In South Korea, 어젯밤 is a high-frequency word heard in diverse contexts. One of the most common places is in daily morning conversations among colleagues, friends, and family. It is the standard way to begin a recount of one's evening activities or to ask about someone's well-being. For example, a mother might ask her child, "어젯밤에 잘 잤니?" (Did you sleep well last night?), or a co-worker might ask, "어젯밤에 축구 경기 봤어요?" (Did you watch the soccer match last night?). It is the natural, go-to term for these interactions.

K-Dramas and Movies
Screenwriters use '어젯밤' to create tension or romance. Characters often confront each other about things said or done 'last night' while under the influence of alcohol or intense emotion.
News and Media
Journalists use it to report on incidents, weather changes, or political developments that occurred during the night shift. '어젯밤 서울 시내에서...' (Last night in downtown Seoul...).

"어젯밤에 술을 너무 많이 마셨나 봐요." (I guess I drank too much last night.)

You will also frequently hear this word in K-pop lyrics. Songwriters utilize the romantic and reflective connotations of 'last night' to evoke feelings of longing, regret, or nostalgia. Titles and lyrics often revolve around what happened '어젯밤' to tell a story of a breakup or a new confession. Because it sounds slightly more poetic than the literal '어제 밤' (which is technically two words and missing the linking 'ㅅ'), it fits well into the rhythmic and emotive nature of music. In variety shows, celebrities often share '어젯밤' anecdotes—funny or embarrassing stories from their private lives—to entertain the audience.

In a professional setting, '어젯밤' is used in reports regarding system maintenance, security logs, or international market updates that happened while Korea was asleep. For instance, a finance news anchor might say, "어젯밤 뉴욕 증시는..." (Last night, the New York stock market...). This demonstrates the word's versatility—it is equally at home in a cozy bedroom conversation as it is in a high-stakes financial report. Mastering this word allows you to participate in the natural rhythm of Korean life, which often begins with a reflection on the night that has just passed.

Even for intermediate learners, 어젯밤 can present a few stumbling blocks, primarily in spelling and nuance. The most frequent error is omitting the ㅅ (sai-siot) and writing it as '어제밤'. While the meaning is still clear, it is technically a spelling mistake according to standard Korean orthography. The 'ㅅ' is required because it is a compound of a native Korean word (밤) and a word ending in a vowel (어제). Remembering this rule will help you write more professionally and accurately.

Spelling: 어제밤 vs 어젯밤
The 'ㅅ' is mandatory. Think of it as a 'possessive' marker in the compound: 'Yesterday's night'.
Nuance: 어젯밤 vs 어제 저녁
Learners often use them interchangeably. However, '어제 저녁' is dinner time/evening, while '어젯밤' is late night/bedtime. If you met someone for dinner, say '어제 저녁'. If you saw a ghost at 2 AM, say '어젯밤'.

Incorrect: 어제밤에 영화 봤어요.
Correct: 어젯밤에 영화 봤어요.

Another mistake involves particle usage. While '어젯밤에' is correct, some learners try to use '어젯밤을' (object particle) when they should be using the time particle '에'. For example, if you want to say 'I spent last night well,' you would say '어젯밤을 잘 보냈어요,' but if you are just stating when something happened, '에' is the correct choice. Additionally, beginners sometimes confuse '어젯밤' with '지난밤'. While '지난밤' is also 'last night,' it is much more formal or literary and is rarely used in casual spoken Korean compared to the ubiquitous '어젯밤'.

Finally, watch out for the 'yesterday vs. last night' confusion. In English, we often say 'Yesterday I went to bed early.' In Korean, it is much more natural to say '어젯밤에 일찍 잤어요' (I slept early last night) rather than '어제 일찍 잤어요' (I slept early yesterday). Being specific with '어젯밤' makes your Korean sound much more native and precise. Avoid using '어젯밤' for events that happened during the daylight hours of yesterday; for those, stick to '어제' or specific times like '어제 오후' (yesterday afternoon).

While 어젯밤 is the most common way to say 'last night,' the Korean language offers several alternatives depending on the register and specific nuance you wish to convey. Understanding these differences will help you choose the right word for the right situation, whether you're writing a poem or talking to a friend about a party.

지난밤 (Ji-nan-bam)
Meaning 'the night that passed.' It is more formal and literary than 어젯밤. You might find this in song lyrics or classic literature. It focuses on the passing of time.
어제 저녁 (Eo-je Jeo-nyeok)
Meaning 'yesterday evening.' This refers to the time around 6 PM to 9 PM. If you are talking about dinner or an evening meeting, this is more appropriate than 어젯밤.
작야 (Jak-ya)
A Sino-Korean word (昨夜) that is extremely formal. It is almost never used in speech and is reserved for historical documents, formal reports, or very high-level literature.

Comparison:
Casual: "어젯밤에 뭐 했어?" (What did you do last night?)
Literary: "지난밤의 꿈이 아련하다." (The dream of last night is faint.)

Another related term is 그저께 밤 (the night before last). If you want to refer to two nights ago, this is the term to use. For 'last night' specifically, 어젯밤 remains the king of daily conversation. In some dialects, you might hear '어저께 밤', which is a slightly longer version of 어제 밤, but '어젯밤' is the standard and most efficient form. When choosing between '어젯밤' and '어제 저녁', think about the activity: eating dinner is '어제 저녁', but dreaming or sleeping is '어젯밤'.

Lastly, consider the word 밤새 (all night long). While not a direct synonym for 'last night,' it is often used in conjunction with it: "어젯밤에 밤새 공부했어요" (I studied all night long last night). This combination emphasizes the duration within that specific 'last night' period. By mastering these synonyms and related terms, you can describe your past experiences with much greater precision and stylistic flair.

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Examples by Level

1

어젯밤에 잤어요.

I slept last night.

Uses basic past tense -았/었/였어요.

2

어젯밤에 뭐 했어요?

What did you do last night?

A common question to practice the past tense.

3

어젯밤에 우유를 마셨어요.

I drank milk last night.

Simple Subject-Time-Object-Verb order.

4

어젯밤은 추웠어요.

Last night was cold.

어젯밤 acts as the subject with the topic marker -은.

5

어젯밤에 친구를 만났어요.

I met a friend last night.

Uses the time particle -에.

6

어젯밤에 공부했어요.

I studied last night.

Verb '공부하다' becomes '공부했어요' in past tense.

7

어젯밤에 영화를 봤어요.

I watched a movie last night.

Object marker -를 used with '영화'.

8

어젯밤에 비가 왔어요.

It rained last night.

The subject is '비' (rain).

1

어젯밤에 너무 늦게 잤어요.

I went to sleep very late last night.

Adverb '너무 늦게' (too late) adds detail.

2

어젯밤에 맛있는 저녁을 먹었어요.

I ate a delicious dinner last night.

Adjective '맛있는' modifies '저녁'.

3

어젯밤에 잠을 잘 못 잤어요.

I couldn't sleep well last night.

The negative '못' indicates inability.

4

어젯밤에 가족과 전화했어요.

I talked on the phone with my family last night.

'-과' means 'with'.

5

어젯밤에 숙제를 다 끝냈어요.

I finished all my homework last night.

'다' (all) emphasizes completion.

6

어젯밤에 눈이 많이 내렸어요.

It snowed a lot last night.

'많이' (a lot) modifies the verb.

7

어젯밤에 공원에서 산책했어요.

I took a walk in the park last night.

'-에서' indicates the location of action.

8

어젯밤에 재미있는 꿈을 꿨어요.

I had an interesting dream last night.

The idiom for 'dreaming' is '꿈을 꾸다'.

1

어젯밤에 비가 많이 와서 길이 미끄러워요.

Because it rained a lot last night, the road is slippery.

'-아/어서' connects cause and effect.

2

어젯밤에 늦게까지 일해서 오늘 피곤해요.

I worked until late last night, so I am tired today.

'-늦게까지' means 'until late'.

3

어젯밤에 본 영화가 정말 감동적이었어요.

The movie I watched last night was very moving.

'-ㄴ' noun-modifying form for past tense.

4

어젯밤에 무슨 일이 있었는지 말해 주세요.

Please tell me what happened last night.

'-는지' used for indirect questions.

5

어젯밤부터 바람이 세게 불기 시작했어요.

The wind started blowing hard since last night.

'-부터' indicates the starting point in time.

6

어젯밤에 산 책을 오늘 다 읽었어요.

I read all the books I bought last night today.

'산' is the past modifier for '사다' (to buy).

7

어젯밤에 갑자기 정전이 돼서 깜짝 놀랐어요.

I was surprised because there was a sudden power outage last night.

'정전이 되다' means to have a power outage.

8

어젯밤에 친구들과 찍은 사진을 보여줄게요.

I will show you the photos I took with my friends last night.

'찍은' modifies '사진'.

1

어젯밤의 사고로 인해 도로가 통제되고 있습니다.

Due to last night's accident, the road is being controlled.

'-로 인해' indicates a cause or reason in formal contexts.

2

어젯밤에 마신 술 때문에 머리가 깨질 것 같아요.

My head feels like it's going to split because of the alcohol I drank last night.

'-ㄹ 것 같다' expresses a supposition or feeling.

3

어젯밤에 한 약속을 잊지 마세요.

Don't forget the promise you made last night.

'-지 마세요' is the imperative 'don't'.

4

어젯밤에 본 하늘에는 별이 쏟아질 듯 많았어요.

In the sky I saw last night, there were so many stars it felt like they would pour down.

'-ㄹ 듯' means 'as if' or 'likely to'.

5

어젯밤에 일어난 화재는 다행히 인명 피해가 없었습니다.

Fortunately, there were no casualties in the fire that broke out last night.

'인명 피해' is a formal term for human casualties.

6

어젯밤에 꿈속에서 그리운 할머니를 만났어요.

I met my missed grandmother in my dreams last night.

'그리운' is the modifier for 'missed/longed for'.

7

어젯밤에 뉴스에서 본 소식이 정말 충격적이었어요.

The news I saw on TV last night was truly shocking.

'충격적' means 'shocking'.

8

어젯밤에 쓴 편지를 아침에 다시 읽어보니 부끄러웠어요.

When I re-read the letter I wrote last night in the morning, I felt embarrassed.

'-아/어 보니' means 'after trying/doing something'.

1

어젯밤의 고요함은 폭풍 전야의 정적과도 같았다.

Last night's silence was like the stillness before a storm.

Literary simile '-와/과도 같았다'.

2

어젯밤에 나눈 대화가 우리 관계의 전환점이 되었습니다.

The conversation we had last night became a turning point in our relationship.

'전환점' means 'turning point'.

3

어젯밤의 무리한 일정이 결국 건강을 해치고 말았다.

Last night's excessive schedule ended up harming my health.

'-고 말았다' indicates an unfortunate outcome.

4

어젯밤에 느꼈던 그 전율을 평생 잊지 못할 것이다.

I will never forget that thrill I felt last night.

'-던' indicates a past experience or feeling.

5

어젯밤에 내린 결정에 대해 후회는 없습니다.

I have no regrets about the decision I made last night.

'후회' means 'regret'.

6

어젯밤 꿈자리가 사나웠던 탓인지 하루 종일 기분이 좋지 않다.

Perhaps because I had a restless dream last night, I haven't felt good all day.

'-ㄴ 탓인지' suggests a reason for a negative result.

7

어젯밤에 쏟아진 폭우로 시내 곳곳이 침수되었습니다.

Due to the heavy rain that poured last night, various parts of the city were flooded.

'침수되다' is the formal term for 'to be flooded'.

8

어젯밤에 읽은 소설의 결말이 여전히 머릿속을 맴돈다.

The ending of the novel I read last night is still lingering in my head.

'맴돌다' means 'to linger' or 'to hover around'.

1

어젯밤의 치열했던 논쟁은 결국 아무런 결론도 도출하지 못한 채 끝이 났다.

Last night's fierce debate ended without reaching any conclusion.

'-ㄴ 채' expresses a continuing state while another action happens.

2

어젯밤의 그 짧은 조우가 내 삶의 궤적을 완전히 바꿔 놓았다.

That brief encounter last night completely changed the trajectory of my life.

'조우' is a sophisticated term for an encounter; '궤적' means trajectory.

3

어젯밤에 목도한 광경은 인간의 언어로는 형언하기 어려운 것이었다.

The sight I witnessed last night was difficult to describe in human language.

'목도하다' (to witness) and '형언하다' (to describe) are high-level vocabulary.

4

어젯밤의 고뇌가 깊어질수록 새벽의 빛은 더욱 찬란하게 느껴졌다.

As last night's agony deepened, the light of dawn felt even more brilliant.

'-ㄹ수록' means 'the more... the more'.

5

어젯밤에 발표된 성명서는 세간의 이목을 집중시키기에 충분했다.

The statement released last night was enough to draw the world's attention.

'세간의 이목' is an idiom for 'public attention'.

6

어젯밤의 정적을 깨고 들려온 그 비명소리는 소름이 끼칠 정도로 날카로웠다.

The scream that broke last night's silence was sharp enough to give one goosebumps.

'소름이 끼치다' means 'to get goosebumps'.

7

어젯밤에 투영된 나의 그림자는 고독의 깊이를 대변하는 듯했다.

My shadow projected last night seemed to represent the depth of my loneliness.

'투영되다' (to be projected) and '대변하다' (to represent/speak for).

8

어젯밤의 기억이 파편처럼 흩어져 있어 사건의 재구성이 쉽지 않다.

The memories of last night are scattered like fragments, making it hard to reconstruct the incident.

'파편' (fragment) and '재구성' (reconstruction).

Common Collocations

어젯밤 꿈
어젯밤 일
어젯밤 사고
어젯밤 기온
어젯밤 파티
어젯밤 뉴스
어젯밤 술자리
어젯밤 공부
어젯밤 통화
어젯밤 기억

Common Phrases

어젯밤에 잘 잤어요?

— The standard morning greeting to ask if someone slept well.

A: 어젯밤에 잘 잤어요? B: 네, 푹 잤어요.

어젯밤에 뭐 했어요?

— A general question about someone's activities the previous night.

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