This page in your language

فارسی

العربية

Deutsch

Español

Français

日本語

한국어

Português

中文

हिन्दी

A2 noun 11 min read

의결

uigyeol

Practice it Examples Notes & Tips 의결 in 30 Seconds

Explanation 의결 in your Level:

At the A1 level, you don't need to use the word '의결' (ui-gyeol) yourself, but you might see it in very formal signs or hear it on the news. Think of it as a very 'fancy' way to say 'decision.' In English, we usually just say 'we decided,' but in Korean, when a big group like a company or a government makes a decision, they use this word. It comes from two parts: 'ui' (talking together) and 'gyeol' (deciding). So, it basically means 'deciding after talking together.' For now, just remember that it's a formal word for 'decision' used by groups. You will mostly see it paired with '하다' (to do) to make '의결하다' (to make a formal decision). If you see this word, just know that something official has been decided by a group of people, not just one person.

At the A2 level, you should recognize '의결' as a formal noun used in business or news contexts. It is different from '결정' (decision) because '의결' is only for groups or committees. For example, if your school club makes a formal rule, that is an '의결.' You will often see it in sentences like '의결을 했습니다' (We made a resolution). It is important to know that this word is very formal. You wouldn't use it with your friends. You might hear it in a drama when a boss is talking to their board of directors. A good way to remember it is 'Group Decision.' When you see the Hanja 'gyeol' (決), it almost always means something is being decided or cut, like in '결정' (decision) or '결과' (result). '의결' is just the version of this for meetings and formal groups.

At the B1 level, you should be able to use '의결' in formal writing or when discussing news and politics. You should understand common phrases like '의결을 거치다' (to go through a resolution) and '의결에 부치다' (to put to a vote). At this level, you start to see the difference between '의결' (the formal act of deciding) and '합의' (reaching an agreement). '의결' often involves a vote where there might be a majority and a minority, whereas '합의' usually means everyone agreed. You should also be familiar with '의결권' (voting rights), which is a common term in business and finance. When writing an essay about social issues or a formal report, using '의결' instead of '결정' will make your Korean sound much more professional and precise. Practice using it with the passive form '의결되다' to describe results of meetings.

At the B2 level, you need to master the nuances of '의결' in legal and legislative contexts. You should understand that '의결' is a procedural necessity in many Korean organizations. For instance, the difference between '의결' and '표결' (the act of voting) is crucial. You should be able to explain that a '표결' is the process used to reach an '의결.' You should also be comfortable with terms like '의결 정족수' (quorum for a resolution), which refers to the minimum number of people needed to make a decision valid. In business Korean, you will use this word to describe the actions of the '이사회' (Board of Directors) or '주주총회' (Shareholders' Meeting). Your ability to use '의결' correctly in these specific contexts shows a high level of linguistic and cultural competence, as it reflects an understanding of Korean organizational structure and formal procedures.

At the C1 level, '의결' should be a part of your active professional vocabulary. You should be able to discuss the legal implications of an '의결' and use related terms like '부결' (rejection of a motion), '가결' (passing of a motion), and '의결권 행사' (exercising voting rights). You should understand how '의결' fits into the broader administrative and legislative framework of Korea, such as the '의결기관' (deliberative/decision-making body) versus '집행기관' (executive body). You can analyze news articles about the Constitutional Court or the National Assembly, where '의결' is used to describe high-stakes legal rulings. At this level, you should also be able to distinguish '의결' from similar-looking terms like '결의' in complex sentences, noting that '결의' often refers to the content or the spirit of the resolution, while '의결' is the formal procedural act itself. Your usage should be flawless in both spoken debates and formal academic or legal writing.

At the C2 level, you possess a near-native understanding of '의결' and its place in the history of Korean jurisprudence and political theory. You can discuss the evolution of '의결' procedures from the Joseon Dynasty's 'Uijeongbu' to the modern parliamentary system. You are capable of navigating the most complex legal documents where '의결' might be contested based on procedural flaws (의결 절차상의 하자). You understand the subtle differences in how '의결' is used across different types of law—administrative, corporate, and constitutional. You can use the word in highly sophisticated metaphors or in technical discussions about '의결권의 대리 행사' (proxy voting). Your command of the word allows you to participate in high-level negotiations or academic symposiums where the legitimacy of a group's '의결' is the primary topic of debate. You recognize the weight this word carries in maintaining the rule of law and organizational integrity in Korean society.

Practice it Examples Notes & Tips

의결 in 30 Seconds

의결 is a formal noun meaning 'resolution' or 'group decision.'
It is used in politics, business, and law, not in casual settings.
It comes from Hanja: 議 (discuss) + 決 (decide).
Commonly used as 의결하다 (to resolve) or 의결되다 (to be resolved).

The Korean word 의결 (議決) is a formal noun that translates most directly to a 'resolution' or a 'formal decision' reached by a group, committee, or legislative body. Unlike the more common word 결정 (gyeol-jeong), which can refer to any personal or general decision (like deciding what to eat for lunch), 의결 specifically implies a procedural context. It is the culmination of a formal discussion where multiple parties deliberate and then cast votes or reach a consensus to finalize a course of action. In essence, it is the 'act of deciding' within a structured organization.

Etymological Breakdown: The first character 議 (ui) means 'to discuss' or 'to deliberate,' while the second character 決 (gyeol) means 'to decide' or 'to settle.' Together, they signify a decision that is born out of debate and collective reasoning.

You will encounter this word most frequently in formal settings such as corporate boardrooms, government proceedings, and legal documents. It carries a heavy weight of authority. When a motion is 'passed' in a parliament, it is referred to as an 의결. If a company's shareholders agree on a new policy, that too is an 의결. It is rarely used in casual conversation unless one is speaking ironically or referring to a formal agreement within a family or club.

이 안건은 이사회의 의결을 거쳐야 합니다. (This agenda item must go through the board's resolution.)

The term is also central to the concept of voting rights, known as 의결권 (ui-gyeol-gwon). In the context of stocks and corporate governance, having an 'uigyeol-gwon' means you have the power to participate in the decision-making process. This distinguishes it from mere 'opinion-sharing'; an 의결 results in a binding or official outcome that dictates future actions of the entire group.

Historically, the concept of 의결 has been pivotal in the development of Korean democracy and corporate structure. From the early days of the provisional government to the modern National Assembly, the process of 의결 represents the shift from autocratic decree to collective governance. It signifies that no single individual has the final word, but rather the 'will of the assembly' (의결의 의사) prevails. This makes it a core term for anyone studying Korean law, business, or political science.

국회는 예산안을 의결하였다. (The National Assembly resolved the budget bill.)

In a modern social context, you might see this word in news headlines regarding the Bank of Korea's Monetary Policy Board. When they decide to raise or lower interest rates, they don't just 'decide' (결정); they 'resolve' (의결) through a formal meeting. Understanding this word helps learners grasp the nuances of Korean formal hierarchy and the importance of procedural legitimacy in Korean society.

Common Verb Pairings: 의결하다 (to resolve), 의결되다 (to be resolved), 의결을 거치다 (to go through a resolution process), 의결을 무효화하다 (to nullify a resolution).

To summarize, 의결 is the bridge between discussion and action. It represents the moment when talk ends and a formal commitment is made by a group. For English speakers, it is best understood as the difference between saying "I decided to go" and "The committee resolved to go." The latter is 의결.

Using 의결 correctly requires an understanding of formal Korean grammar and the specific verbs that naturally follow it. Because it is a noun, it often functions as the object of a sentence or as part of a compound verb phrase. The most common construction is 의결하다 (to resolve/decide formally) or 의결되다 (to be resolved/passed).

The Passive Voice: 의결되다: In news reports, you will frequently hear the passive form. For example, '안건이 의결되었습니다' (The item has been resolved). This shifts the focus from who made the decision to the fact that the decision is now official.

When you want to describe the process leading up to the decision, you use the phrase 의결을 거치다. This literally means 'to go through a resolution.' It is used to emphasize that the proper procedures were followed. For instance, '모든 정책은 위원회의 의결을 거쳐야 합니다' (All policies must go through the committee's resolution).

주주 총회에서 정관 변경이 의결되었습니다. (The amendment of the articles of incorporation was resolved at the general shareholders' meeting.)

Another important grammatical pattern involves 의결에 부치다. This means 'to put something to a vote' or 'to submit something for resolution.' It is used when a leader or chairperson introduces a topic for the group to decide on. '의장은 이 안건을 의결에 부쳤습니다' (The chairman put this agenda item to a vote).

You can also use 의결 as a modifier for other nouns. Common examples include 의결 기구 (decision-making body), 의결 사항 (items for resolution), and 의결권 (voting rights). These compound nouns are essential for business Korean. For example, '그는 주식은 많지만 의결권은 없습니다' (He has many shares but no voting rights).

위원회는 만장일치로 해당 안을 의결했다. (The committee resolved the proposal unanimously.)

In legal contexts, the term 의결 is used to describe the findings of a court or a disciplinary board. When a judge or a panel makes a final ruling on a specific motion, it is recorded as an 'uigyeol.' This distinguishes it from the 'pan-gyeol' (final judgment of the case), focusing instead on specific procedural steps.

Sentence Structure Examples: 1. [Subject] + [Object] + 의결하다. (The board resolved the plan.)
2. [Subject] + [Noun] + 의결을 거치다. (The plan went through the board's resolution.)
3. [Subject] + 의결에 따라 + [Action]. (According to the resolution, we acted.)

Finally, consider the negative forms. 부결 (bugyeol) is the direct opposite, meaning a resolution was rejected. However, you can also say 의결되지 못했다 to mean 'failed to be resolved.' This nuance is important in diplomatic or sensitive corporate settings where 'rejection' might sound too harsh.

The word 의결 is not a word you will hear at a coffee shop or in a K-drama about high school romance. Instead, it is the bread and butter of news broadcasts, political dramas, and business meetings. If you are watching a Korean news channel like KBS or MBC, you will hear it almost daily during the segments on the National Assembly (국회).

Context 1: The National Assembly: When lawmakers pass a bill, the news anchor will say, '국회 본회의에서 법안이 의결되었습니다' (The bill was resolved in the plenary session of the National Assembly). This is the most standard use of the word.

In a corporate setting, specifically during the '주주 총회' (General Shareholders' Meeting) or '이사회' (Board of Directors meeting), 의결 is the official term for every decision made. If you work for a Korean company, you might see emails with the subject line '의결 사항 안내' (Notice of resolved items). This indicates that the higher-ups have finished their discussion and have a final answer for the employees.

이번 회의의 주요 의결 내용은 다음과 같습니다. (The main resolved contents of this meeting are as follows.)

University students in Korea also encounter this word during '학생회' (Student Council) meetings. When the student body decides on how to spend the festival budget, they must record the 의결. It gives the students a sense of formal democratic process. Even in small apartment complexes (아파트 관리 사무소), the resident representatives make 의결 regarding maintenance fees or parking rules.

Legal dramas like Stranger (비밀의 숲) or Extraordinary Attorney Woo often feature scenes where a disciplinary committee (징계 위원회) meets to decide a character's fate. The final decision to suspend or fire someone is called an 의결. You will hear the chairperson say, '의결 결과를 발표하겠습니다' (I will announce the result of the resolution).

징계 위원회는 정직 3개월을 의결했습니다. (The disciplinary committee resolved on a three-month suspension.)

Lastly, international news involving the UN or other global bodies uses 의결. When the Security Council passes a resolution regarding international sanctions, the Korean translation will always use 의결. This places the word in a global context of diplomacy and international law, making it a high-frequency word for those interested in world affairs.

Where to look for it: Look at the 'Business' or 'Politics' section of a Korean newspaper like the Chosun Ilbo or JoongAng Ilbo. You will find 의결 in almost every article about policy changes or board meetings.

In summary, if there is a formal meeting, a vote, and a recorded result, you are in the territory of 의결. It is the sound of officialdom in Korea.

The most common mistake learners make with 의결 is using it in casual, personal contexts. Because English often uses 'decision' or 'resolution' for both formal and informal situations, learners might be tempted to say '내일 영화를 볼지 의결했어요' (I resolved whether to watch a movie tomorrow). This sounds incredibly strange to a native speaker—it makes it sound like you had a formal board meeting with yourself to choose a movie.

Mistake 1: Personal vs. Group Decision: Use 결정 (gyeol-jeong) for personal choices. Use 의결 (ui-gyeol) only when a formal group or organization reaches a decision through a set procedure.

Another frequent error is confusing 의결 with 결의 (gyeol-ui). While they look similar and share the same Hanja characters in reverse, they have different nuances. 의결 is the act of reaching a decision through voting/discussion. 결의 is the determination or the formal statement of that decision. For example, you 'resolve' (의결) a 'resolution' (결의안). If you say you have a 'strong 의결' to study Korean, it's wrong; you have a 'strong 결의' (determination).

Wrong: 나는 오늘부터 다이어트를 하기로 의결했다.
Right: 나는 오늘부터 다이어트를 하기로 결정했다.

Learners also struggle with the particles. Since 의결 is often something that is 'passed' or 'made,' it should take the object particle 을/를 when used with 하다. However, when using the passive 되다, it must take the subject particle 이/가. Saying '안건을 의결되었습니다' is a common grammatical slip-up; it must be '안건이 의결되었습니다.'

Finally, there is the confusion between 의결 and 표결 (pyo-gyeol). 표결 refers specifically to the act of casting votes (the voting process itself), whereas 의결 is the final result or the formal decision that comes after the voting. You can have a 표결 that results in no 의결 if the votes are tied or the quorum isn't met. Using them interchangeably can lead to confusion in legal or business writing.

표결 결과, 안건이 의결되지 않았습니다. (As a result of the voting, the agenda item was not resolved.)

To avoid these mistakes, always ask yourself: 'Is this a decision made by a group in a formal meeting?' and 'Is there a specific procedure like voting involved?' If the answer is yes, 의결 is your word. If not, look for alternatives like 결정, 선택, or 약속.

Summary of Confusing Terms: - 결정: General decision (anyone).
- 의결: Formal group decision (procedural).
- 결의: Determination or the content of a resolution.
- 표결: The act of voting.

Understanding the synonyms and alternatives for 의결 will help you navigate different levels of formality in Korean. While 의결 is the most formal, several other words share its semantic space depending on the context.

1. 결정 (Gyeol-jeong) - Decision: This is the broad term for any decision. In many cases, you can replace 의결 with 결정 to sound less stiff. For example, '이사회의 결정' (the board's decision) is perfectly natural, though '이사회의 의결' is more legally precise.

2. 결의 (Gyeol-ui) - Resolution/Determination. As mentioned before, this word focuses more on the 'will' or the 'statement' of the group. A '결의안' (draft resolution) becomes an 의결 once it is passed. It is also used for personal resolutions, like a New Year's resolution (새해 결의).

그들은 끝까지 싸우기로 결의했다. (They resolved/determined to fight to the end.)

3. 합의 (Hab-ui) - Agreement/Consensus. While 의결 often involves a majority vote where some might disagree, 합의 implies that everyone (or most) reached a mutual understanding. In legal disputes, parties often reach a 합의 to avoid a formal 의결 or 판결 (judgment). Use this when the focus is on harmony rather than procedure.

4. 채택 (Chae-taek) - Adoption. This is used when a group chooses to accept a specific plan, report, or technology. For example, '새로운 기술을 채택하기로 의결했다' (They resolved to adopt the new technology). 채택 focuses on the 'choice' of the object, while 의결 focuses on the 'process' of the decision.

유엔은 새로운 인권 선언문을 채택했다. (The UN adopted a new declaration of human rights.)

5. 확정 (Hwak-jeong) - Finalization. This is used when a decision becomes unchangeable or set in stone. While an 의결 is a formal decision, a 확정 is the state of that decision being final. For example, '경기 일정이 확정되었습니다' (The game schedule has been finalized).

Comparison Table: - 의결: Process-oriented, group, formal.
- 결정: Result-oriented, anyone, general.
- 합의: Relationship-oriented, mutual, consensus.
- 채택: Selection-oriented, choosing an option.

By choosing the right word, you can convey exactly how a decision was made. If you want to sound professional and precise about a committee's actions, 의결 is your best choice. If you want to talk about people coming together, 합의 is better. Understanding these nuances is a hallmark of an advanced Korean learner.

How Formal Is It?

Fun Fact

The character 議 (U) contains the radical for 'speech' (言), emphasizing that a resolution is not just a command, but something born from talking.

Pronunciation Guide

UK /wi.ɡjʌl/

US /wi.ɡjʌl/

The stress is equal on both syllables, typical of Korean word structure.

Rhymes With

판결 (pan-gyeol) 종결 (jong-gyeol) 연결 (yeon-gyeol) 청결 (cheong-gyeol) 동결 (dong-gyeol) 체결 (che-gyeol) 비결 (bi-gyeol) 완결 (wan-gyeol)

Common Errors

Pronouncing 'ui' as a simple 'i' or 'u'. It must be a combined sound.
Over-emphasizing the 'g' making it sound like a hard 'k'.
Dropping the 'l' (ㄹ) batchim at the end.
Confusing 'ui' with 'oe'.
Pronouncing 'gyeol' as 'geol' (missing the 'y' glide).

Difficulty Rating

Reading 4/5

High-level vocabulary found in newspapers and formal documents.

Writing 5/5

Requires knowledge of formal grammar and specific verb pairings.

Speaking 3/5

Pronunciation is straightforward, but finding the right context to use it is tricky.

Listening 4/5

Frequently heard in news broadcasts, often at high speed.

What to Learn Next

Prerequisites

회의 (meeting) 결정 (decision) 찬성 (agreement) 반대 (opposition) 투표 (voting)

Learn Next

가결 (passing) 부결 (rejection) 정족수 (quorum) 안건 (agenda) 집행 (execution)

Advanced

기권 (abstention) 위임 (delegation) 상정 (submitting a bill) 공포 (proclamation) 심의 (deliberation)

Grammar to Know

Noun + 을/를 거치다

의결을 거치다 (To go through a resolution process).

Noun + 에 부치다

의결에 부치다 (To put something to a vote/resolution).

Passive -되다 vs Active -하다

의결하다 (to resolve) vs 의결되다 (to be resolved).

Noun + 에 따라 (According to...)

의결에 따라 정책이 바뀌었습니다. (Policies changed according to the resolution.)

Noun + 권 (Right/Power)

의결권 (The right to resolve/vote).

Examples by Level

우리는 회의에서 의결을 했습니다.

We made a decision at the meeting.

의결 + 을 (object particle) + 했습니다 (past tense formal).

이것은 중요한 의결입니다.

This is an important resolution.

의결 (noun) + 입니다 (to be).

선생님이 의결을 도와주세요.

Teacher, please help with the decision.

도와주세요 (please help) used with 의결을.

의결이 끝났어요.

The resolution is finished.

의결 + 이 (subject particle) + 끝났어요 (finished).

모두 의결에 찬성해요?

Does everyone agree with the resolution?

의결 + 에 (to/with) + 찬성해요 (agree).

의결 내용을 보세요.

Please look at the resolution content.

의결 (modifier) + 내용 (content).

오늘 의결을 할 거예요.

We will make a resolution today.

할 거예요 (future tense).

의결은 아주 빨랐어요.

The resolution was very fast.

의결 + 은 (topic particle) + 빨랐어요 (was fast).

동아리에서 새로운 규칙을 의결했습니다.

The club resolved on new rules.

의결했습니다 is the formal past tense of 의결하다.

이 안건은 다음 주에 의결합시다.

Let's resolve this agenda item next week.

~읍시다 (let's) attached to 의결하다.

회의 결과가 의결되었나요?

Was the meeting result resolved?

의결되다 (passive form) + ~었나요 (question).

의결권이 있는 사람만 오세요.

Only people with voting rights should come.

의결권 (voting rights) + 이 있는 (that has).

의결을 위해 투표를 합시다.

Let's vote for the resolution.

의결 + 을 위해 (for the sake of).

어제 의결된 내용은 무엇입니까?

What was the content resolved yesterday?

의결된 (resolved) modifying 내용 (content).

과반수 찬성으로 의결되었습니다.

It was resolved by a majority vote.

과반수 (majority) + 찬성으로 (by agreement).

의결 과정을 설명해 주세요.

Please explain the resolution process.

의결 (modifier) + 과정 (process).

이사회는 신규 사업 계획을 의결했다.

The board of directors resolved the new business plan.

의결했다 is the plain past tense, common in reports.

모든 결정은 정식 의결을 거쳐야 합니다.

All decisions must go through a formal resolution.

의결을 거치다 (to go through a resolution).

그 안건은 만장일치로 의결되었습니다.

The agenda item was resolved unanimously.

만장일치 (unanimity) + 로 (by/with).

의결 정족수가 부족해서 회의가 연기되었다.

The meeting was postponed because the quorum was not met.

의결 정족수 (quorum) + 부족해서 (because it's lacking).

정부는 예산안을 신속히 의결하기로 했다.

The government decided to resolve the budget bill quickly.

의결하기로 했다 (decided to resolve).

의결된 사항은 즉시 시행됩니다.

The resolved items will be implemented immediately.

시행됩니다 (to be implemented/enforced).

반대 의견 때문에 의결이 지연되고 있다.

The resolution is being delayed due to opposing opinions.

지연되고 있다 (is being delayed).

의결권 행사는 주주의 권리입니다.

Exercising voting rights is a shareholder's right.

의결권 행사 (exercise of voting rights).

국회는 해당 법안을 본회의 의결에 부쳤다.

The National Assembly put the bill to a vote in the plenary session.

의결에 부치다 (to put to a resolution/vote).

절차상의 문제로 인해 의결이 무효화되었다.

The resolution was nullified due to procedural issues.

무효화되었다 (was nullified/voided).

위원회는 징계 수위를 의결하기 위해 모였다.

The committee met to resolve the level of disciplinary action.

징계 수위 (level of discipline) + 의결하기 위해 (in order to resolve).

의결권 대리 행사를 위해 위임장을 제출했다.

A power of attorney was submitted for proxy voting.

의결권 대리 행사 (proxy exercise of voting rights).

이번 의결은 향후 정책 방향에 큰 영향을 미칠 것이다.

This resolution will have a significant impact on future policy direction.

영향을 미치다 (to exert influence/impact).

노사 양측은 임금 인상안에 대해 의결에 도달했다.

Both labor and management reached a resolution on the wage increase plan.

노사 양측 (both labor and management).

의결 기관의 독립성이 무엇보다 중요하다.

The independence of the decision-making body is more important than anything.

의결 기관 (decision-making body).

수정안이 원안보다 먼저 의결되었습니다.

The amendment was resolved before the original proposal.

원안 (original proposal) + 보다 (than).

헌법재판소는 대통령 탄핵 소추안을 의결했다.

The Constitutional Court resolved the impeachment motion against the president.

탄핵 소추안 (impeachment motion).

의결권 제한 규정은 소수 주주를 보호하기 위함이다.

The regulation on limiting voting rights is intended to protect minority shareholders.

~하기 위함이다 (is for the purpose of).

해당 기구는 법적 구속력이 있는 의결권을 가진다.

The body in question holds legally binding voting/resolution power.

법적 구속력 (legal binding force).

의결 과정에서의 투명성 확보가 시급한 과제이다.

Securing transparency in the resolution process is an urgent task.

투명성 확보 (securing transparency).

당론에 따른 강제 의결은 민주주의 원칙에 어긋난다.

Forced resolution according to party line goes against democratic principles.

어긋난다 (to go against/deviate).

유엔 안전보장이사회는 대북 제재 결의안을 의결했다.

The UN Security Council resolved a sanctions resolution against North Korea.

대북 제재 (sanctions against North Korea).

의결권이 남용되지 않도록 감시 체계를 강화해야 한다.

The monitoring system must be strengthened to prevent the abuse of voting rights.

남용되지 않도록 (so that it is not abused).

이사회의 의결 사항이 공시 의무를 위반했는지 검토 중이다.

We are reviewing whether the board's resolution items violated public disclosure obligations.

공시 의무 (disclosure obligation).

대의 민주주의 체제하에서 의결권의 정당성은 절차적 정의에서 비롯된다.

Under a representative democracy, the legitimacy of voting rights stems from procedural justice.

비롯된다 (to originate/stem from).

해당 법안의 의결은 국가 재정 운용의 패러다임을 전환하는 계기가 되었다.

The resolution of the bill served as a turning point for shifting the paradigm of national fiscal management.

계기가 되었다 (served as an opportunity/turning point).

의결권 분할 및 매매 행위는 자본 시장의 질서를 교란할 우려가 크다.

The splitting and trading of voting rights carry a high risk of disturbing the order of the capital market.

교란할 우려 (risk/concern of disturbing).

통화정책위원회는 금리 동결을 의결함으로써 시장의 불확실성을 해소하고자 했다.

By resolving to freeze interest rates, the Monetary Policy Committee sought to resolve market uncertainty.

~함으로써 (by doing so) + 해소하고자 했다 (intended to resolve).

지방 의회의 의결권 강화는 실질적인 지방 자치 실현의 핵심적 요소이다.

Strengthening the resolution power of local councils is a key element in realizing substantive local autonomy.

실질적인 (substantive/actual).

의결권 행사의 전자화는 주주 참여를 독려하는 현대적 수단으로 각광받고 있다.

The digitalization of exercising voting rights is gaining limelight as a modern means of encouraging shareholder participation.

각광받고 있다 (to be in the limelight).

상법상 의결권이 제한되는 특수 관계인의 범위에 대한 논의가 분분하다.

There is much discussion regarding the scope of related parties whose voting rights are restricted under commercial law.

논의가 분분하다 (discussions are divided/diverse).

의결권의 가치는 단순한 산술적 합산을 넘어 기업 지배구조의 핵심을 관통한다.

The value of voting rights goes beyond simple arithmetic summation and pierces through the core of corporate governance.

관통한다 (to pierce through/penetrate).

Common Collocations

의결을 거치다

의결에 부치다

의결권 행사

만장일치 의결

의결 기구

의결 사항

의결 정족수

의결을 무효화하다

의결을 서두르다

의결이 지연되다

Common Phrases

의결권이 있다

— To have the right to vote in a formal meeting.

나는 이 회의에서 의결권이 없다.

의결을 통과하다

— To pass the resolution process.

안건이 무사히 의결을 통과했다.

의결에 찬성하다

— To agree with or vote for a resolution.

대부분의 위원이 의결에 찬성했다.

의결에 반대하다

— To oppose or vote against a resolution.

일부 주민들이 의결에 반대하고 있다.

의결을 따르다

— To follow or abide by a resolution.

우리는 다수결에 의한 의결을 따라야 한다.

의결 내용을 공고하다

— To officially announce the contents of a resolution.

관리 사무소는 의결 내용을 공고했다.

의결을 번복하다

— To overturn or reverse a previously made resolution.

한번 내린 의결을 번복하기는 어렵다.

의결을 요청하다

— To request a formal resolution on a matter.

팀장은 부장님께 의결을 요청했다.

의결 절차

— The formal steps required to reach a resolution.

의결 절차가 투명해야 한다.

의결 결과

— The final outcome of the resolution process.

의결 결과를 기다리고 있습니다.

Often Confused With

의결 vs 결정

결정 is general; 의결 is procedural and group-based.

의결 vs 결의

결의 is the 'will' or 'determination'; 의결 is the 'act of deciding'.

의결 vs 표결

표결 is the 'voting process'; 의결 is the 'final decision'.

Idioms & Expressions

"의결의 칼자루를 쥐다"

— To hold the power to make the final resolution. (Literal: To hold the handle of the resolution knife).

그가 이번 의결의 칼자루를 쥐고 있다.

Informal/Metaphorical

"의결의 문턱을 넘다"

— To finally pass the resolution process. (Literal: To cross the threshold of resolution).

법안이 드디어 의결의 문턱을 넘었다.

Journalistic

"의결의 도장을 찍다"

— To finalize a decision formally. (Literal: To stamp the resolution seal).

회장님이 직접 의결의 도장을 찍었다.

Metaphorical

"의결의 배를 띄우다"

— To start the process of making a resolution. (Literal: To float the resolution boat).

이제 의결의 배를 띄울 시간이다.

Literary

"의결의 산을 넘다"

— To overcome the difficulties in reaching a resolution.

힘들게 의결의 산을 넘었습니다.

Common

"의결의 물꼬를 트다"

— To open the way for a resolution to happen.

이번 협상이 의결의 물꼬를 텄다.

Journalistic

"의결의 잣대를 들이대다"

— To apply the standards of a resolution strictly.

모든 회원에게 똑같은 의결의 잣대를 들이댔다.

Critical

"의결의 닻을 올리다"

— To begin the execution of a resolved plan.

드디어 신사업 의결의 닻을 올렸다.

Metaphorical

"의결의 한 배를 타다"

— To be in the same situation regarding a group decision.

우리는 이미 의결의 한 배를 탔다.

Informal

"의결의 마침표를 찍다"

— To bring a long discussion to a final resolution.

오랜 논쟁 끝에 의결의 마침표를 찍었다.

Journalistic

Easily Confused

의결 vs 결의

Same Hanja reversed.

의결 is the procedure; 결의 is the spirit or the statement of the resolution.

우리는 승리를 결의했다 (We resolved/determined to win) vs 안건을 의결했다 (We resolved the agenda item).

의결 vs 부결

Shared 'Gyeol' character.

의결 is the process; 부결 is a specific negative result (rejection).

의결 결과 부결되었습니다. (As a result of the resolution process, it was rejected.)

의결 vs 가결

Shared 'Gyeol' character.

의결 is the process; 가결 is a specific positive result (passing).

안건이 가결로 의결되었습니다. (The item was resolved as passed.)

의결 vs 판결

Shared 'Gyeol' character.

판결 is for courts and judges; 의결 is for committees and assemblies.

판사는 무죄를 판결했다 vs 국회는 법안을 의결했다.

의결 vs 합의

Both involve groups.

합의 focuses on mutual consent; 의결 focuses on formal voting/procedure.

서로 합의해서 끝냈다 vs 투표로 의결했다.

Sentence Patterns

[Group] + 이/가 [Item] + 을/를 의결했습니다.

우리 팀이 새 규칙을 의결했습니다.

[Item] + 이/가 [Group] + 의 의결을 거쳤습니다.

이 계획은 이사회의 의결을 거쳤습니다.

만장일치로 [Item] + 이/가 의결되었습니다.

만장일치로 예산안이 의결되었습니다.

[Person] + 은/는 [Item] + 을/를 의결에 부쳤다.

의장은 수정안을 의결에 부쳤다.

의결권이 있는 [Person]...

의결권이 있는 주주들이 모였다.

의결 과정에서의 [Noun]...

의결 과정에서의 투명성이 중요합니다.

[Noun] + 에 관한 의결권을 행사하다.

그는 인사권에 관한 의결권을 행사했다.

의결의 정당성을 확보하기 위해...

의결의 정당성을 확보하기 위해 절차를 준수했다.

Word Family

Nouns

의결권 (voting rights)

의결기구 (decision-making body)

의결서 (written resolution)

의결안 (draft resolution)

의결정족수 (quorum)

Verbs

의결하다 (to resolve)

의결되다 (to be resolved)

회의 (meeting)

투표 (vote)

안건 (agenda item)

가결 (passing)

부결 (rejection)

How to Use It

frequency

High in formal/written Korean; Low in daily spoken Korean.

Common Mistakes

Using '의결' for personal decisions. → 결정 (Gyeol-jeong)
'의결' is for group procedural decisions. You can't '의결' to go to the gym.
Saying '의결을 했어요' in casual speech with friends. → 정했어요 / 결정했어요
It sounds too stiff and robotic in a casual setting. Use simpler words with friends.
Confusing '의결' with '결의'. → Depends on context.
'의결' is the act of deciding; '결의' is the determination or the statement. You '의결' a bill, but you have a '결의' to win.
Using the wrong particle with '의결되다'. → 안건이 의결되다 (O), 안건을 의결되다 (X)
Passive verbs like '되다' take the subject particle '이/가', not the object particle '을/를'.
Interchanging '의결' and '표결'. → 의결 (Decision), 표결 (Voting)
Voting (표결) is the process used to reach the decision (의결). They are not the same thing.

Tips

Use with Groups

Always ensure there is a group or organization involved when you use '의결'. It is never a solo act.

Verb Pairings

Memorize '의결을 거치다' (go through) and '의결에 부치다' (put to a vote). These are the most natural-sounding collocations.

Keep it Formal

This is a high-register word. Use it in professional emails, essays, or formal discussions to boost your credibility.

News Cues

When you hear '국회' (National Assembly) or '이사회' (Board), get ready to hear '의결' shortly after.

Passive Voice

In reports, '의결되었습니다' sounds more objective than '의결했습니다'. Use the passive to sound like a professional journalist.

Hanja Help

Remember 議 (Ui) as 'deliberation' (like in 'uiseadang' - assembly hall) and 決 (Gyeol) as 'decision' (like in 'gyeoljeong').

Business Korean

If you are taking the TOPIK II exam or doing business in Korea, this word is essential for the writing and reading sections.

Clarity

The 'ui' (의) sound can be tricky. Practice it slowly: 'ooo-eee'. Don't rush it or it might sound like '이' (i).

Compound Words

Recognize '의결권' as a single unit meaning 'voting rights'. It's one of the most common ways this word appears.

Binding Nature

Remember that an '의결' usually implies the decision is now official and binding. It's not just a suggestion.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Think of 'UI' as 'Us' and 'GYEOL' as 'Goal'. A group of 'Us' deciding on a 'Goal' together is an 'Uigyeol'.

Visual Association

Imagine a group of people in suits sitting around a table, all raising their hands at the same time to vote on a paper.

Word Web

회의 (Meeting) 투표 (Vote) 결정 (Decision) 법안 (Bill) 이사회 (Board) 국회 (Parliament) 찬성 (Pro) 반대 (Con)

Challenge

Try to write three sentences about a club or a group you belong to, using '의결' to describe a rule you made together.

Word Origin

Derived from the Hanja characters 議 (U) meaning 'to discuss/deliberate' and 決 (Gyeol) meaning 'to decide/settle'.

Original meaning: A decision reached through deliberation.

Sino-Korean

Cultural Context

Be careful not to use this for personal matters; it can sound arrogant or robotic if you say 'I resolved to eat lunch' using '의결'.

In English, 'resolution' is often used in political contexts (UN Resolution), while 'decision' is used for business. '의결' covers both, but is always more formal than 'decision'.

The National Assembly of Korea (국회) is the most famous place where '의결' happens daily. The Bank of Korea's Monetary Policy Board (금통위) and its interest rate '의결'. Corporate shareholder meetings of Samsung or Hyundai.

Practice in Real Life

Real-World Contexts

Politics/Government

법안 의결 (bill resolution)
국회 본회의 (plenary session)
표결에 들어가다 (to start voting)
가결을 선포하다 (to declare passing)

Business/Corporate

이사회 의결 (board resolution)
주주총회 (shareholders meeting)
의결권 행사 (exercising voting rights)
정관 변경 (amending articles of incorporation)

Education/Clubs

학생회 의결 (student council resolution)
회칙 의결 (rule resolution)
운영 위원회 (steering committee)
참석자 전원 찬성 (unanimous approval)

Law/Judiciary

징계 의결 (disciplinary resolution)
위원회 심의 (committee deliberation)
의결서 작성 (writing a resolution)
법적 효력 (legal effect)

International Relations

안보리 의결 (Security Council resolution)
제재 의결 (sanctions resolution)
공동 선언 (joint declaration)
채택되다 (to be adopted)

Conversation Starters

"이번 안건에 대해 이사회가 어떤 의결을 내렸나요?"

"우리 동아리 규칙은 회원들의 의결을 거쳐야 합니다."

"의결권이 있는 주주들의 명단을 확인해 보세요."

"어제 국회에서 의결된 법안에 대해 어떻게 생각하세요?"

"만장일치로 의결된 사항이라 번복하기 어렵습니다."

Journal Prompts

If you were the leader of a group, what is the most important '의결' you would want to make today?

Describe a time when a group you were in had to make a formal '의결'. Was it difficult to reach a consensus?

Why do you think the procedural step of '의결' is important in a democratic society?

Write a fictional news report about a surprising '의결' made by the world leaders.

How does having '의결권' (voting rights) change the way a person feels about an organization?

Frequently Asked Questions

10 questions

No, that would sound very strange! '의결' is only for formal groups like committees or boards. For personal choices, use '결정' (gyeol-jeong) or '정하다' (jeong-hada). Saying '의결' for lunch makes it sound like you had a formal meeting with a voting process to pick a sandwich.

They are very close. '의결' (议决) is the formal act of a meeting reaching a decision. '결의' (决议) is the resolution itself or the strong determination to do something. You '의결' an '안건' (agenda item), but you '결의' to achieve a goal. For example, '새해 결의' (New Year's resolution) is correct, while '새해 의결' is wrong.

Most of the time, yes. It implies a deliberative process where people share opinions and then reach a conclusion, often through a vote. Even if it's a unanimous consensus without a physical ballot, the formal nature of the meeting makes it an '의결'.

It means 'voting rights.' If you own common stock in a company, you usually have '의결권,' which allows you to vote on important matters like electing the board of directors. Some types of shares (preferred shares) might not have '의결권.'

You can say '안건이 의결되었습니다' (The item was resolved) or more specifically '안건이 가결되었습니다' (The item was passed). '가결' is the specific word for a successful resolution.

Yes, extensively. It refers to the formal decisions made by administrative bodies, disciplinary committees, or the National Assembly. It's a key term in administrative law.

It is a 'decision-making body.' For example, in a school, the 'Student Council' is an 의결 기구 because it has the power to discuss and resolve issues related to student life.

Yes, by adding '하다' (to do) or '되다' (to be done). '의결하다' is active (the group resolves), and '의결되다' is passive (the item is resolved).

It is very common in news, business, and formal writing. It is less common in everyday casual speech. If you read a Korean newspaper, you will likely see it several times.

There isn't one single opposite, but '부결' (rejection of a resolution) is the opposite outcome. '보류' (deferment) or '철회' (withdrawal) are also related opposites in terms of the process.