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A1 verb 10 min read

주무시다

jumusida
Practice it Examples Notes & Tips 주무시다 in 30 Seconds
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Practice it Examples Notes & Tips

주무시다 in 30 Seconds

  • 주무시다: honorific verb for 'to sleep'.
  • Use for elders, teachers, superiors.
  • Contrast with 자다 (plain 'to sleep').
주무시다 is the honorific verb for 'to sleep' in Korean. It is used when referring to someone older than you, someone of higher social status, or someone you want to show a high level of respect to. Using this verb shows politeness and consideration for the person you are speaking about. It's a crucial part of showing respect in Korean culture, especially when talking about elders, teachers, bosses, or even sometimes parents depending on the family's dynamics. The standard, non-honorific word for 'to sleep' is 자다 (jada). You would use 주무시다 when you want to elevate the subject of your sentence, making them appear more esteemed. For example, if your grandmother is sleeping, you wouldn't say '할머니가 자요' (Halmeoni-ga jayo - Grandmother sleeps), but rather '할머니께서 주무세요' (Halmeoni-kkeseo jumuseyo - Grandmother is sleeping, honorific). This distinction is vital for natural and polite Korean communication. Think of it as the difference between 'sleep' and 'is resting peacefully' or 'is asleep' when referring to someone you deeply respect. The nuance is subtle but significant in conveying social hierarchy and respect. It's not just about the act of sleeping; it's about how you frame that action in relation to the person performing it. Many learners find this honorific system challenging, but understanding the core purpose of verbs like 주무시다 is the first step. It’s about acknowledging the listener's or the subject's position and showing deference. This verb is frequently used in everyday conversations when discussing family members, teachers, or respected individuals. It’s a fundamental element of politeness that permeates Korean social interactions. It's important to remember that 주무시다 is a verb, and like other verbs, it conjugates. The most common conjugation you'll hear is 주무세요 (jumuseyo) in the present tense polite informal speech. Other conjugations exist for different speech levels and tenses, but 주무세요 is your go-to for polite, everyday use when referring to someone deserving of respect. The choice between 자다 and 주무시다 is a direct reflection of the speaker's attitude towards the person they are talking about. It’s a linguistic tool to express social distance and respect.
Key Distinction
주무시다 is for sleeping when showing respect; 자다 is the general term for sleeping.
Honorific Particle
Often used with the honorific subject particle -께서 (-kkeseo) instead of -이/가 (-i/ga).
Common Conjugation
The most frequent form encountered is 주무세요 (jumuseyo).

When your respected elder is sleeping, you say, "할아버지께서 주무세요." (Grandfather is sleeping.)

The teacher is sleeping. "선생님께서 주무십니다." (Teacher is sleeping - more formal.)

Using 주무시다 correctly involves understanding its role as an honorific verb. This means it's not just about the meaning of sleeping, but about the social context. You will see it conjugated in various polite and formal speech levels. The most common polite informal form is 주무세요 (jumuseyo). For example, when asking if your grandmother is awake: "할머니, 안 주무세요?" (Halmeoni, an jumuseyo? - Grandmother, are you not sleeping?). This implies you are asking if she is awake and ready to interact, showing respect. In a more formal setting, like a news report or a formal announcement about a respected figure, you might hear or read 주무십니다 (jumusimnida). For instance, "회장님께서 지금 주무십니다." (Hwejangnimkkeseo jigeum jumusimnida. - The chairman is currently sleeping.) This formal conjugation emphasizes the high level of respect. You can also use it in the past tense, for example, "어젯밤에 할아버지께서 푹 주무셨어요." (Eojetbam-e harabeoji-kkeseo puk jumusyeosseoyo. - Last night, grandfather slept soundly.) The core idea remains consistent: when the subject of the verb 'to sleep' is someone you need to show honor to, you use 주무시다. The subject particle -께서 (-kkeseo) is often paired with 주무시다 to further enhance the honorific nature. For example, instead of "어머니가 주무세요" (Eomeoni-ga jumuseyo), it's more common and respectful to say "어머니께서 주무세요" (Eomeoni-kkeseo jumuseyo - Mother is sleeping). Remember that the base verb stem is 주무시- (jumusi-). This stem is then attached to various endings depending on the politeness level and tense. For example: 주무시다 (infinitive), 주무세요 (present polite informal), 주무십니까 (present polite formal question), 주무십니다 (present polite formal statement), 주무셨어요 (past polite informal), 주무셨습니다 (past polite formal). Understanding these conjugations allows you to use the verb appropriately in different conversational situations. It's not just about knowing the word; it's about knowing how to wield it with politeness and accuracy. The more you practice using it, the more natural it will become. Try to identify situations where you would naturally use this verb. When talking about your parents, grandparents, teachers, or even a senior colleague, consider using 주무시다. This will not only improve your Korean but also demonstrate your cultural understanding. The key is to internalize the concept of honorifics and apply it consistently. Think of it as a linguistic gesture of respect, a way to verbally acknowledge the seniority or status of the person you're discussing. The more you hear and use it, the more intuitive it will become.
Polite Informal
주무세요 (jumuseyo)
Polite Formal
주무십니다 (jumusimnida) / 주무십니까 (jumusimnikka)
Past Polite Informal
주무셨어요 (jumusyeosseoyo)
Past Polite Formal
주무셨습니다 (jumusyeotseumnida)

My father is sleeping now. "저희 아버지께서 지금 주무세요."

Did the professor sleep well? "교수님께서 푹 주무셨어요?"

You will encounter 주무시다 frequently in domestic settings, particularly when children speak about their parents or grandparents. For instance, a child might tell their aunt, "엄마가 지금 주무세요." (Eomma-ga jigeum jumuseyo. - Mom is sleeping now.) This demonstrates politeness towards the aunt, who is likely older or a respected family member. In educational contexts, students would use this verb when talking about their teachers. "선생님께서 교실에서 주무세요." (Seonsaengnim-kkeseo gyosil-eseo jumuseyo. - The teacher is sleeping in the classroom.) although this scenario might be rare, it illustrates the correct usage. When visiting or speaking with elders, such as your grandparents or elderly relatives, you'll hear them use it to refer to their peers or even to themselves in a humble way, though self-reference with honorifics is less common and context-dependent. For example, an elderly person might say to their grandchild, "할머니는 이제 주무셔야겠다." (Halmeoni-neun ije jumusyeoyagetda. - Grandma should sleep now.) In formal situations, like television dramas depicting family life or news segments about respected public figures, the formal conjugation 주무십니다 (jumusimnida) is common. For example, a character in a drama might say, "저희 할아버지께서 어젯밤에 푹 주무셨습니다." (Jeohui harabeoji-kkeseo eojetbam-e puk jumusyeotseumnida. - My grandfather slept soundly last night.) You might also hear it in polite inquiries about someone's well-being, such as "부모님께서는 잘 주무세요?" (Bumonimkkeseoneun jal jumuseyo? - Are your parents sleeping well?). This is a common polite greeting or check-in. In hospitality settings, such as hotels or nursing homes, staff might use it when referring to guests or residents. For example, "손님께서 지금 주무시고 계십니다." (Sonnimkkeseo jigeum jumusigo gyesimnida. - The guest is currently sleeping.) The continuous form is also used here. Understanding these contexts will help you recognize when and why this verb is used, making your comprehension of spoken Korean more robust. It's a marker of respect woven into the fabric of everyday Korean conversation, especially within family and social hierarchies.

A child tells their parent about their grandparent: "할아버지께서 방에서 주무세요."

A student asks about their teacher: "선생님, 지금 주무십니까?"

Family Conversations
Commonly used when children talk about parents/grandparents.
Educational Settings
Students use it for teachers.
Formal Announcements
Formal conjugations like 주무십니다 are used.
One of the most frequent mistakes learners make is using 주무시다 when they should use the plain verb 자다 (jada), and vice versa. For instance, saying "저는 주무세요" (Jeoneun jumuseyo - I sleep, honorific) is incorrect. You should use the plain form for yourself unless you are speaking in a very specific, perhaps ironic or self-deprecating, context which is rare for beginners. The rule is: if the subject is yourself or someone younger/of lower status than the listener, use 자다. If the subject is older/of higher status than the listener, use 주무시다. Another common error is forgetting the honorific particle -께서 (-kkeseo). While sometimes the plain -이/가 (-i/ga) might be heard in very casual settings or by less educated speakers, using -께서 with 주무시다 is the standard and most respectful way. So, instead of "할머니가 주무세요" (Halmeoni-ga jumuseyo), it is better to say "할머니께서 주무세요" (Halmeoni-kkeseo jumuseyo). Incorrectly applying honorifics is a major pitfall. For example, using 주무시다 when talking about a peer or a subordinate is a significant social faux pas. Imagine telling your friend, "네 동생 주무셔?" (Ne dongsaeng jumusyeo? - Is your younger sibling sleeping, honorific?). This would sound awkward and overly polite, or even condescending, as you are elevating someone who doesn't require that level of honorifics from you. The opposite mistake is also common: using 자다 when 주무시다 is required. For example, telling your grandmother, "할머니, 자요?" (Halmeoni, jayo? - Grandma, sleep?). This sounds impolite. You should use "할머니, 주무세요?" (Halmeoni, jumuseyo? - Grandma, are you sleeping?). Lastly, learners might sometimes confuse the conjugation. For instance, using the infinitive form inappropriately, like "할아버지 주무시다" (Harabeoji jumusida - Grandfather to sleep). This is not a complete sentence. You need a conjugated form like "할아버지께서 주무세요." (Grandfather is sleeping.). Always ensure the verb is conjugated to fit the sentence's tense and politeness level.
Self-Reference
Never use 주무시다 for yourself or those of lower status; use 자다.
Particle Usage
Prefer -께서 (-kkeseo) with 주무시다 for maximum respect.
Over-Politeness
Avoid using 주무시다 for peers or inferiors.
Under-Politeness
Always use 주무시다 for elders/superiors when they are sleeping.
Conjugation Errors
Ensure the verb is correctly conjugated for tense and politeness.

Incorrect: "저는 주무세요." Correct: "저는 자요."

Incorrect: "할머니가 자요." Correct: "할머니께서 주무세요."

The most direct alternative to 주무시다 is the plain verb 자다 (jada), meaning 'to sleep'. The choice between them hinges entirely on the subject of the sentence and the level of respect you wish to convey. If you are talking about yourself, a friend, a child, or anyone you are on equal or lower social standing with, you use 자다. For example, "나는 지금 자고 싶어요." (Naneun jigeum jago sipeoyo. - I want to sleep now.) or "아기가 자고 있어요." (Agi-ga jago isseoyo. - The baby is sleeping.). When the subject is someone who deserves honor – like parents, grandparents, teachers, elders, or respected figures – 주무시다 is the appropriate choice. For instance, "어머님께서는 푹 주무셨어요." (Eomeonimkkeseoneun puk jumusyeosseoyo. - Mother slept soundly.) Here, 어머님 (eomeonim - mother, honorific) is used, and the verb 주무시다 aligns with this level of respect. Another related concept is resting, which can be expressed by 쉬다 (swida). While 'to sleep' is a specific state, 'to rest' is more general. You might say, "할아버지께서 방에서 쉬고 계세요." (Harabeoji-kkeseo bang-eseo swigo gyeseyo. - Grandfather is resting in the room.) This doesn't necessarily mean they are sleeping, but they are taking a break. However, in many contexts, especially for elders, resting often implies sleeping. Therefore, 주무시다 is more specific to the act of sleeping. There are also more nuanced or descriptive verbs, but for the basic concept of 'sleeping' with honorifics, 주무시다 is the standard. It's important to note that in very informal settings or when talking about someone you are extremely close to, even if they are older, the plain 자다 might be used, but this is rare and depends heavily on the specific relationship and family culture. For learners, sticking to the rule of 주무시다 for respected individuals and 자다 for others is the safest and most accurate approach.
자다 (jada)
The plain, non-honorific verb for 'to sleep'. Used for oneself, peers, or inferiors. Example: "나는 자요." (I sleep.)
쉬다 (swida)
Means 'to rest'. It's a more general term and can be used in honorific contexts, but it doesn't specifically mean 'to sleep'. Example: "부모님께서 지금 쉬고 계세요." (Parents are resting now.)

Respectful: "할머니께서 주무세요." (Grandmother is sleeping.)

Non-respectful/Plain: "내가 자." (I sleep.)

How Formal Is It?

Fun Fact

The '시' (si) suffix used in honorific verbs like 주무시다 is a key indicator of respect in Korean. It's attached to the verb stem to elevate the subject of the sentence. Other examples include 보시다 (to see, honorific) from 보다 (to see) and 드시다 (to eat, honorific) from 먹다 (to eat).

Pronunciation Guide

UK /d͡ʑu.mu.ɕi.da/
US /d͡ʑu.mu.ɕi.da/
Stress typically falls on the second syllable: ju-MU-si-da.
Rhymes With
누리다 드리다 치우다 주시다 바라보다 들여다보다 나누다 부르다
Common Errors
  • Pronouncing '주' as 'joo' instead of the affricated 'ju'.
  • Mispronouncing the '시' sound, sometimes as 'see'.
  • Incorrect stress placement, often putting it on the first or last syllable.

Difficulty Rating

Reading 2/5

Recognizing '주무시다' as an honorific verb for 'to sleep' is key. Learners at A1/A2 levels will encounter it frequently in contexts involving elders or respected figures. Understanding the distinction from '자다' is essential for comprehension.

Writing 3/5

Correctly applying '주무시다' requires understanding social context and conjugation. Beginners might struggle with when to use it versus '자다' and the correct particles (-께서).

Speaking 3/5

Using '주무시다' appropriately in spoken Korean demonstrates politeness and cultural understanding. Incorrect usage can lead to misunderstandings or perceived rudeness.

Listening 2/5

Identifying '주무시다' in spoken Korean helps learners understand the speaker's attitude towards the subject. It's a common verb in everyday conversations involving family and respected individuals.

What to Learn Next

Prerequisites

자다 (to sleep, plain) 할아버지 (grandfather) 할머니 (grandmother) 엄마 (mom) 아빠 (dad)

Learn Next

깨어나다 (to wake up, plain) 일어나다 (to get up, plain) 쉬다 (to rest) -께서 (honorific subject particle) 존댓말 (honorific speech)

Advanced

숙면 (sound sleep) 불면증 (insomnia) 휴식 (rest) 안락하다 (comfortable) 평온하다 (peaceful)

Grammar to Know

Honorific Subject Particle (-께서)

The particle -께서 is used instead of -이/가 to mark the subject when showing respect. Example: 할머니께서 주무세요. (Grandmother is sleeping.)

Honorific Verb Suffix (-시-)

The suffix -시- is inserted into the verb stem to create honorific verbs. Example: 자다 (to sleep) -> 자시다 -> 주무시다 (to sleep, honorific).

Conjugation of Honorific Verbs

Honorific verbs conjugate similarly to plain verbs but retain the honorific stem. Example: 주무시다 -> 주무세요 (polite informal), 주무십니다 (polite formal).

Continuous Aspect (-고 계시다)

To express that someone is currently performing an action, especially when showing respect, use the honorific continuous form. Example: 할아버지께서 주무시고 계세요. (Grandfather is sleeping.)

Past Tense of Honorific Verbs

The past tense is formed by adding the appropriate past tense endings to the honorific stem. Example: 주무시다 -> 주무셨어요 (polite informal past).

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Examples by Level

1

할머니께서 주무세요.

Grandmother is sleeping.

Using the honorific verb '주무시다' for 'grandmother'.

2

아버님, 푹 주무셨어요?

Father, did you sleep soundly?

Past tense of '주무시다' used politely.

3

선생님께서 지금 주무십니다.

The teacher is sleeping now. (formal)

Formal conjugation of '주무시다'.

4

저희 할아버지께서 낮잠을 주무세요.

My grandfather is taking a nap.

Using '주무시다' for grandfather.

5

회장님께서 회의 후에 주무셨어요.

The chairman slept after the meeting.

Past tense polite informal of '주무시다'.

6

부모님께서 모두 주무시나요?

Are both parents sleeping?

Question form of '주무시다' (polite informal).

7

어머님, 안 주무세요?

Mother, are you not sleeping?

Negative question form of '주무시다'.

8

교수님께서 어젯밤에 늦게까지 주무셨습니다.

The professor slept late last night. (formal)

Formal past tense of '주무시다'.

1

새벽에 일어나서 보니, 할머니께서 아직 주무시고 계셨어요.

When I woke up at dawn, Grandmother was still sleeping.

Continuous form of '주무시다' (honorific).

2

우리 선생님께서는 항상 학생들을 위해 주무시는 시간을 줄이세요.

Our teacher always reduces their sleeping time for the students.

'주무시다' used in a relative clause.

3

연로하신 손님께서 편안하게 주무실 수 있도록 최선을 다하겠습니다.

We will do our best to ensure that the elderly guest can sleep comfortably.

Future intention form of '주무시다'.

4

아버님께서 주무시는데, 조용히 해야겠어요.

Father is sleeping, so I should be quiet.

'주무시다' used in a subordinate clause.

5

오늘 밤에는 푹 주무시길 바랍니다.

I hope you sleep soundly tonight.

Wish/hope form using '주무시다'.

6

어르신들께서는 보통 낮에 주무시는 것을 좋아하십니다.

Elderly people usually like to sleep during the day.

'주무시다' used as a gerund.

7

교수님께서 주무시다가 갑자기 일어나셨어요.

The professor woke up suddenly while sleeping.

Indicating an action happening during sleep.

8

바쁘신 와중에도 잠시 주무시는 것이 건강에 좋습니다.

Even when busy, sleeping for a while is good for your health.

'주무시다' used in a conditional/advisory sentence.

1

그는 연로하신 부모님께서 편안히 주무시도록 최선을 다했다.

He did his best to ensure his elderly parents slept comfortably.

Expressing purpose with '주무시다'.

2

밤늦게까지 일하느라 주무시지 못했다는 보고를 받았습니다.

I received a report that they couldn't sleep due to working late into the night.

Negative ability/possibility with '주무시다'.

3

존경하는 선생님의 건강을 위해, 그분이 충분히 주무시는 것이 중요합니다.

For the health of our respected teacher, it is important that they sleep sufficiently.

'주무시다' in a clause stating importance.

4

오늘 아침, 집안 어른들께서 모두 주무시는 것을 확인하고 나서야 외출할 수 있었다.

Only after confirming that all the elders in the house were sleeping this morning could I go out.

'주무시다' in a clause indicating a prerequisite.

5

그가 주무시지 않고 밤새도록 책을 읽었다는 것은 놀라운 일이었다.

It was surprising that he read books all night without sleeping.

Expressing surprise about lack of sleep.

6

할아버지의 깊은 주무심은 가족들에게 큰 안도감을 주었다.

Grandfather's deep sleep gave the family great relief.

Noun form derived from '주무시다' (주무심 - sleeping/slumber).

7

가끔은 아무런 방해도 받지 않고 푹 주무시고 싶을 때가 있다.

Sometimes, I want to sleep soundly without any disturbance.

Expressing a personal desire for sleep.

8

그는 주무시는 동안에도 무언가 골똘히 생각하는 듯했다.

Even while sleeping, he seemed to be thinking deeply about something.

'주무시다' in a clause describing a state during sleep.

1

그녀는 연로하신 부모님께서 안락한 잠을 주무시도록 모든 편의를 제공했다.

She provided all conveniences to ensure her elderly parents could sleep comfortably.

Expressing comprehensive provision for sleep.

2

그의 주무시지 못하는 이유는 스트레스 때문이라는 의사의 소견이 있었다.

There was a doctor's opinion that the reason for his inability to sleep was stress.

Connecting lack of sleep to a cause.

3

존경하는 지도자께서 주무시는 동안에도 국가의 안위를 걱정하셨다는 일화가 전해진다.

An anecdote is told that our respected leader worried about the nation's safety even while sleeping.

Describing a characteristic during sleep.

4

모든 가족 구성원이 주무시는 것을 확인한 후에야 비로소 마음을 놓을 수 있었다.

Only after confirming that all family members were sleeping could I finally relax.

Emphasizing the condition for relief.

5

그는 주무시지 않고 밤새도록 고뇌하며 해결책을 모색했다.

He sought solutions through agonizing all night without sleeping.

Describing a process of deep thought during sleeplessness.

6

어르신들의 편안한 주무심은 우리 사회의 중요한 복지 지표 중 하나이다.

The comfortable sleep of the elderly is one of the important welfare indicators of our society.

Noun form '주무심' used in a societal context.

7

때로는 세상의 모든 걱정을 잊고 깊이 주무시고 싶은 간절한 마음이 든다.

Sometimes, I feel a strong desire to forget all the world's worries and sleep deeply.

Expressing a profound longing for undisturbed sleep.

8

그의 주무시는 모습은 마치 평화로운 동화 속 주인공 같았다.

His sleeping appearance was like that of a protagonist in a peaceful fairy tale.

Using '주무시다' for a descriptive comparison.

1

그녀는 연로하신 부모님께서 일상생활의 불편함 없이 안락한 주무심을 누리도록 헌신했다.

She dedicated herself to ensuring her elderly parents enjoyed comfortable slumber without daily inconveniences.

Using the noun form '주무심' with a focus on enjoyment and lack of discomfort.

2

만성적인 불면증으로 인해 밤새도록 주무시지 못하는 환자들에게는 다각적인 치료가 요구된다.

Multifaceted treatment is required for patients who cannot sleep all night due to chronic insomnia.

Discussing medical conditions related to sleep.

3

존경받는 학자께서 주무시는 동안에도 그의 연구는 끊임없이 진화하고 있었다.

Even while the respected scholar slept, his research was constantly evolving.

Juxtaposing sleep with continuous intellectual work.

4

모든 가족 구성원이 평온히 주무시는 것을 확인하고 나서야, 그는 비로소 자신의 휴식을 취할 수 있었다.

Only after confirming that all family members were sleeping peacefully could he finally take his own rest.

Emphasizing the condition for personal relief after ensuring others' peace.

5

그는 주무시지 않고 밤새도록 고뇌하며, 인간 존재의 근본적인 질문들에 대한 답을 찾으려 했다.

He sought answers to fundamental questions of human existence, agonizing all night without sleeping.

Describing profound intellectual struggle during sleeplessness.

6

어르신들의 깊고 평온한 주무심은 그들이 살아온 삶의 지혜와 경험을 반영한다.

The deep and peaceful slumber of the elderly reflects the wisdom and experience of the lives they have lived.

Noun form '주무심' linked to life experience and wisdom.

7

때로는 이 세상의 소음과 번잡함에서 벗어나, 아무런 의무나 책임 없이 깊이 주무시고 싶은 강렬한 열망이 생긴다.

Sometimes, a strong desire arises to escape the world's noise and hustle, and sleep deeply without any duties or responsibilities.

Expressing an intense yearning for escape and complete rest.

8

그의 주무시는 모습은 마치 고요한 호수 위에 떠 있는 한 송이 연꽃과 같았으며, 보는 이로 하여금 평온함을 느끼게 했다.

His sleeping appearance was like a single lotus flower floating on a calm lake, instilling a sense of peace in the observer.

Using '주무시다' for a poetic and evocative comparison.

1

그녀의 헌신은 연로하신 부모님께서 육체적, 정신적 고통 없이 일생 동안 최상의 주무심을 영위하도록 보장했다.

Her devotion ensured that her elderly parents enjoyed the highest quality of sleep throughout their lives, free from physical and mental suffering.

Using '주무심' to denote the highest possible quality of sleep, encompassing overall well-being.

2

만성적인 수면 장애로 인해 밤새도록 주무시지 못하는 환자들에게는, 현대 의학의 최신 지견을 총동원한 통합적 치료 접근이 필수적이다.

For patients who cannot sleep all night due to chronic sleep disorders, an integrated treatment approach utilizing the latest findings in modern medicine is essential.

Discussing advanced medical interventions for severe sleep issues.

3

존경받는 선각자께서 주무시는 동안에도, 그의 사상은 후대에 지대한 영향을 미치며 끊임없이 재해석되고 있었다.

Even while the revered visionary slept, his ideas continued to exert profound influence on future generations, being constantly reinterpreted.

Connecting the sleep of a visionary to the ongoing impact of their ideas.

4

모든 가족 구성원이 깊은 주무심에 잠겨 있음을 확인한 후에야, 그는 비로소 자신의 내면의 평화를 찾고 진정한 휴식을 누릴 수 있었다.

Only after confirming that all family members were immersed in deep slumber could he finally find his inner peace and enjoy true rest.

Linking the family's peaceful sleep to the individual's attainment of inner peace.

5

그는 주무시지 않고 밤새도록 고뇌하며, 인간 존재의 본질과 우주의 신비에 대한 궁극적인 통찰을 얻고자 했다.

He sought to gain ultimate insight into the essence of human existence and the mysteries of the universe, agonizing all night without sleeping.

Describing a quest for profound philosophical or cosmic understanding during sleeplessness.

6

어르신들의 오랜 세월 동안 축적된 경험과 지혜가 응축된 깊고 평온한 주무심은, 살아있는 역사 그 자체라 할 수 있다.

The deep and peaceful slumber of the elderly, embodying accumulated experience and wisdom over many years, can be said to be living history itself.

Noun form '주무심' elevated to represent living history and accumulated wisdom.

7

때로는 이 덧없는 세상의 고뇌와 번잡함으로부터 벗어나, 모든 기억과 책임의 속박 없이 순수한 존재의 상태로 깊이 주무시고 싶은, 인간의 근원적인 갈망이 우리를 사로잡는다.

At times, the fundamental human longing to escape the anguish and hustle of this transient world, and to sleep deeply in a state of pure existence, unbound by memory or responsibility, seizes us.

Expressing a profound, almost existential yearning for complete liberation through sleep.

8

그의 주무시는 모습은 마치 우주의 침묵 속에서 홀로 빛나는 별과 같았으며, 그 고요함 속에는 태초의 질서와 조화가 깃들어 있는 듯했다.

His sleeping appearance was like a solitary star shining in the silence of the universe, and within that stillness, the primordial order and harmony seemed to reside.

Using '주무시다' for a cosmic and philosophical comparison, linking sleep to universal principles.

Common Collocations

푹 주무시다
깊이 주무시다
낮잠을 주무시다
잠을 주무시다
안 주무시다
주무시고 계시다
푹 주무시길 바라다
조용히 주무시다
일찍 주무시다
늦게 주무시다

Common Phrases

푹 주무세요.

— Sleep soundly.

오늘 밤에는 푹 주무세요. 좋은 꿈 꾸시고요.

잘 주무셨어요?

— Did you sleep well?

아침에 일어나서 할머니께 '잘 주무셨어요?' 하고 여쭤봤어요.

지금 주무세요?

— Are you sleeping now?

지금 주무세요? 제가 조용히 있을게요.

안 주무세요?

— Aren't you sleeping?

벌써 밤이 깊었는데, 왜 아직 안 주무세요?

낮잠을 주무시다.

— To take a nap.

할아버지께서 오후에 소파에서 낮잠을 주무셨어요.

푹 주무시고 일어나세요.

— Sleep soundly and wake up refreshed.

오늘 밤 푹 주무시고 일어나세요. 내일은 즐거운 하루가 될 거예요.

편안하게 주무세요.

— Sleep comfortably.

호텔에 오신 것을 환영합니다. 편안하게 주무세요.

깊이 주무시네요.

— You are sleeping deeply.

아이가 정말 깊이 주무시네요. 방해하지 말아야겠어요.

주무시는 동안

— While sleeping

주무시는 동안에는 아무 소리도 내지 마세요.

주무실 시간이에요.

— It's time to sleep.

아이야, 이제 주무실 시간이야.

Often Confused With

주무시다 vs 자다

This is the plain, non-honorific verb for 'to sleep'. It is used for oneself, peers, or inferiors. Using '자다' when '주무시다' is appropriate is considered impolite.

주무시다 vs 쉬다

This means 'to rest'. While resting can involve sleeping, '쉬다' is more general and does not inherently carry honorifics. '주무시다' specifically means 'to sleep' with respect.

주무시다 vs -께서

This is an honorific subject particle, often used with '주무시다'. It's not a verb itself but a grammatical element that marks the subject as deserving of respect, accompanying verbs like '주무시다'.

Idioms & Expressions

"떡실신하다"

— To fall asleep very deeply and soundly, often due to exhaustion.

어젯밤에 너무 피곤해서 집에 오자마자 떡실신했어요. (This idiom is informal and not honorific, so you wouldn't use it for someone you're showing respect to, but it's related to deep sleep.)

Informal/Slang
"눈을 붙이다"

— To get some sleep, often a short nap.

회의가 길어져서 잠깐 눈을 붙일 시간이 없었어요. (This is informal and not honorific.)

Informal
"새우잠을 자다"

— To sleep lightly or restlessly, like a shrimp curled up.

걱정거리가 있어서 밤새 새우잠을 잤어요. (This idiom describes restless sleep and is not honorific.)

Plain/Figurative
"도둑잠을 자다"

— To steal a nap, meaning to sleep for a short time when one should be doing something else.

업무 중에 몰래 도둑잠을 잤어요. (This idiom implies sleeping secretly or inappropriately and is not honorific.)

Informal
"꿀잠을 자다"

— To sleep like honey, meaning to sleep very soundly and peacefully.

어제는 꿀잠을 자서 기분이 좋아요. (This is a more recent, informal expression for deep sleep.)

Informal/Modern
"꿀잠을 주무시다"

— To sleep soundly like honey (honorific).

어르신께서 밤새 꿀잠을 주무셨습니다.

Formal/Literary
"팔자를 펴다"

— To have a good fortune, often implying a period of rest and ease, like sleeping well.

이제 좀 쉬면서 팔자를 펴야겠어요. (This idiom relates to well-being and ease, which includes good sleep, but isn't directly about the act of sleeping.)

Informal
"꿈에서도 못 꾸다"

— To not even dream of something; to be impossible.

그렇게 좋은 기회가 올 거라고는 꿈에서도 못 꿨어요. (This idiom is about dreams and impossibility, not the act of sleeping itself.)

Idiomatic
"잠결에"

— In one's sleep; while sleeping.

잠결에 실수로 전화를 걸었어요. (This describes an action done while asleep and is neutral in terms of honorifics.)

Neutral
"잠결에 떡 먹기"

— Something very easy to do, like eating rice cake while half-asleep.

이 문제는 나에게 잠결에 떡 먹기만큼 쉬워요. (This idiom describes ease and is informal.)

Informal Idiom

Easily Confused

주무시다 vs 자다

Both mean 'to sleep'.

자다 is the plain form used for oneself or inferiors. 주무시다 is the honorific form used for elders or superiors. Example: '나는 자요.' (I sleep.) vs. '할머니께서 주무세요.' (Grandmother is sleeping.)

나는 자요. (Plain) / 할머니께서 주무세요. (Honorific)

주무시다 vs 깨어나다

Both relate to the state of sleep.

주무시다 means 'to sleep', while 깨어나다 means 'to wake up'. They are opposite actions. Example: '밤새 푹 <strong>주무시고</strong> 아침에 <strong>깨어나세요</strong>.' (Sleep soundly all night and wake up in the morning.)

밤새 푹 주무시고 아침에 깨어나세요.

주무시다 vs 쉬다

Both imply a state of inactivity or rest.

주무시다 specifically means 'to sleep'. 쉬다 means 'to rest', which can include sleeping but also just relaxing without sleeping. Honorifics can be applied to both. Example: '할아버지께서 <strong>주무세요</strong>.' (Grandfather is sleeping.) vs. '할아버지께서 쉬고 계세요.' (Grandfather is resting.)

할아버지께서 주무세요. (Sleeping) / 할아버지께서 쉬고 계세요. (Resting)

주무시다 vs 일어나다

Both relate to the end of sleep.

주무시다 means 'to sleep', while 일어나다 means 'to get up' or 'to rise'. One usually gets up after sleeping. Example: '<strong>주무신</strong> 후에 곧바로 <strong>일어나셨어요</strong>.' (He got up immediately after sleeping.)

주무신 후에 곧바로 일어나셨어요.

주무시다 vs 잠들다

Both refer to the process or state of sleeping.

주무시다 is the honorific verb for 'to sleep' (state or action). 잠들다 means 'to fall asleep' (the transition into sleep). Example: '아기가 <strong>주무시기</strong> 전에 먼저 <strong>잠들었어요</strong>.' (The baby fell asleep before Grandmother slept.)

아기가 주무시기 전에 먼저 잠들었어요.

Sentence Patterns

A1

Subject + <strong>주무세요</strong>.

할머니<strong>께서</strong> <strong>주무세요</strong>.

A1

Subject + 푹 <strong>주무셨어요</strong>?

아버지<strong>께서</strong> 푹 <strong>주무셨어요</strong>?

A2

Subject + <strong>주무시고</strong> 계세요.

아버님<strong>께서</strong> 지금 <strong>주무시고</strong> 계세요.

A2

Subject + <strong>주무시기</strong> 전에...

<strong>주무시기</strong> 전에 물 한 잔 드세요.

B1

Subject + <strong>주무시지</strong> 못했다.

피곤해서 <strong>주무시지</strong> 못했어요.

B1

Subject + <strong>주무심</strong>

할아버지의 깊은 <strong>주무심</strong>.

B2

Subject + <strong>주무시도록</strong>...

부모님<strong>께서</strong> 편안히 <strong>주무시도록</strong> 방을 준비했어요.

C1

Subject + <strong>주무시는</strong> 동안...

<strong>주무시는</strong> 동안에는 조용히 해 주세요.

Word Family

Nouns

주무심 (jumusim - slumber, sleep)

Verbs

주무시다 (jumusida - to sleep, honorific)

Related

자다 (jada - to sleep, plain)
잠 (jam - sleep, noun)
깨어나다 (kkaeeonada - to wake up)
일어나다 (ireonada - to get up)
쉬다 (swida - to rest)
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How to Use It

frequency

High

Common Mistakes
  • Using '자다' for an elder. → Using '주무시다'.

    Using the plain verb '자다' when referring to an elder or superior is considered impolite. The correct verb to show respect is '주무시다'. For example, instead of saying '할머니가 자요', say '할머니께서 주무세요'.

  • Using '주무시다' for oneself. → Using '자다' for oneself.

    Honorifics are used to show respect to others, not oneself. You should use the plain verb '자다' when talking about your own sleep. For instance, say '저는 자고 싶어요', not '저는 주무시고 싶어요'.

  • Forgetting the honorific particle '-께서'. → Using '-께서' with '주무시다'.

    While not always strictly required in very casual settings, using the honorific subject particle '-께서' with '주무시다' enhances the level of respect. It's standard practice. Example: '할머니<strong>께서</strong> 주무세요' is more respectful than '할머니<strong>가</strong> 주무세요'.

  • Using '주무시다' for peers or inferiors. → Using '자다' or another appropriate plain verb.

    Applying honorifics like '주무시다' to someone of equal or lower status can sound awkward, overly polite, or even condescending. Use the plain verb '자다' for friends, siblings, or subordinates.

  • Incorrect conjugation of '주무시다'. → Using the correct conjugated form based on tense and politeness level.

    Like any verb, '주무시다' needs to be conjugated correctly. Ensure you use the appropriate endings for present/past tense and politeness levels (e.g., 주무세요, 주무셨어요, 주무십니다).

Tips

Honorifics are Key

Remember that '주무시다' is an honorific verb. Always consider the social relationship between the speaker, listener, and the subject. Using the correct honorific level is crucial for politeness in Korean.

Context is Everything

The choice between '주무시다' and '자다' depends entirely on the context and the subject. When in doubt, err on the side of politeness by using '주무시다' for elders and superiors.

Focus on the '시'

The '시' sound in '주무시다' is the marker of honorific speech. Practice pronouncing it clearly to distinguish it from the plain verb '자다'.

Pair with Honorific Particles

'주무시다' is often paired with the honorific subject particle '-께서'. Learning these combinations (e.g., 할머니께서 주무세요) will reinforce correct usage.

Visual Associations

Create a mental image of a respected elder sleeping peacefully. Associate the word '주무시다' with this image to help recall its meaning and honorific nature.

Sentence Building

Write sentences describing different people sleeping – your friend (using '자다'), your teacher (using '주무시다'), yourself (using '자다'). This active practice solidifies the distinction.

Respect in Language

Understand that Korean language strongly reflects its culture of respect. '주무시다' is a direct linguistic manifestation of this cultural value towards elders and superiors.

Active Listening

When watching Korean dramas or listening to Korean podcasts, pay close attention to how speakers refer to elders sleeping. Notice the verb they use and the context.

Avoid Self-Honorifics

Never use '주무시다' to refer to yourself. Always use '자다' for self-reference, even if you are talking to someone older.

Beyond Basic Sleep

Explore related terms like '숙면' (sound sleep) or idioms related to sleep to enrich your vocabulary further, always considering the appropriate register.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Imagine a very respected elder, perhaps a king or queen, 'slumbering' (주무시다) on a luxurious cushion. The 'si' sound can remind you of 'slumber', and the regal context emphasizes the honorific nature.

Visual Association

Picture an elderly person sleeping peacefully under a warm blanket, perhaps with a halo or crown to signify respect. The 'ju' sound might evoke a gentle 'joo' sound, like a lullaby.

Word Web

Sleep Rest Honorific Respect Elders Parents Grandparents Teachers

Challenge

Try to use '주무시다' in sentences when talking about your own elders (if applicable) or imagine scenarios involving respected figures sleeping. For example, write a short diary entry about your grandparent's nap using '주무시다'.

Word Origin

The verb 주무시다 is derived from the older Korean verb '주무르다' (jumureuda), which originally meant 'to massage' or 'to rub'. Over time, its meaning evolved to include the concept of resting or sleeping, especially when referring to elders. The '시' (si) is an honorific infix added to the verb stem.

Original meaning: Massage, rub; later evolved to rest/sleep (honorific).

Koreanic

Cultural Context

Using the correct honorific level is crucial. Using '주무시다' for someone you should use the plain form '자다' for can sound condescending or overly familiar in a way that might be inappropriate. Conversely, using '자다' for someone deserving of honorifics is a direct sign of disrespect.

In English, we might use phrases like 'is resting peacefully', 'is asleep', or 'is taking a nap' to add nuance or politeness when referring to someone sleeping. However, there isn't a single verb that inherently carries the same level of mandatory honorific status as 주무시다 does in Korean.

Many Korean dramas and films depict characters using honorifics like 주무시다 when referring to parents, grandparents, or respected elders, showcasing its everyday importance. Historical dramas often feature characters using formal honorifics, including 주무시다, to emphasize the strict social hierarchies of past eras. Educational materials on Korean language and culture consistently highlight the importance of honorifics, with 주무시다 being a common example used to illustrate the concept.

Practice in Real Life

Real-World Contexts

Family conversations about elders.

  • 할아버지께서 <strong>주무세요</strong>.
  • 어머니, 잘 <strong>주무셨어요</strong>?
  • 이제 <strong>주무실</strong> 시간이에요.

Talking about teachers or professors.

  • 선생님께서 <strong>주무십니다</strong>.
  • 교수님께서 <strong>주무시고</strong> 계세요?
  • <strong>주무시기</strong> 전에 질문 있어요.

Hospitality and care settings.

  • 손님께서 편안하게 <strong>주무시도록</strong> 하겠습니다.
  • 어르신께서 <strong>주무시고</strong> 계십니다.
  • <strong>주무시는</strong> 동안 방해하지 말아 주세요.

Formal announcements or reports.

  • 회장님께서 <strong>주무셨습니다</strong>.
  • 총장님께서 <strong>주무시지</strong> 못하셨다고 합니다.
  • <strong>주무시는</strong> 동안에도 업무가 계속되었습니다.

Expressing concern for someone's well-being.

  • 푹 <strong>주무세요</strong>.
  • 밤새 잘 <strong>주무셨어요</strong>?
  • 충분히 <strong>주무시는</strong> 게 건강에 좋아요.

Conversation Starters

"오늘 밤에는 푹 주무세요. 내일은 더 좋은 하루가 될 거예요."

"어젯밤에 푹 주무셨어요? 얼굴이 좋아 보이세요."

"우리 아이가 요즘 잠을 잘 못 자서 걱정이에요. 어떻게 하면 푹 주무시게 할 수 있을까요?"

"어르신들께서는 낮잠을 주무시는 것을 좋아하시나요?"

"혹시 지금 주무세요? 제가 조용히 있을게요."

Journal Prompts

Write about a time you saw someone you deeply respected sleeping. How did you feel, and what word did you use to describe their sleep?

Describe a situation where you had to choose between using '자다' and '주무시다'. Explain your reasoning based on the social context.

Imagine you are writing a letter to your grandparents. Include a sentence using '주무시다' to ask about their well-being or describe their sleep.

Reflect on the importance of honorifics in Korean culture. How does a word like '주무시다' contribute to maintaining social harmony and respect?

Create a short story where a character uses '주무시다' inappropriately and the consequences they face. What lesson did they learn?

Frequently Asked Questions

10 questions

You should use '주무시다' when the subject of the verb 'to sleep' is someone you need to show respect to. This includes elders (parents, grandparents), teachers, bosses, and anyone older or of higher social status than you or the person you are speaking to. If the subject is yourself, a friend, a child, or someone of lower status, use the plain verb '자다'. For example, you say '저는 자요' (I sleep) but '할머니께서 주무세요' (Grandmother is sleeping).

'주무시다' specifically means 'to sleep'. '쉬다' means 'to rest'. While resting can involve sleeping, '쉬다' is a broader term. For example, you can rest by sitting down without sleeping. However, when referring to elders, saying they are '쉬고 계시다' (resting) often implies they are sleeping peacefully, but '주무시다' is more direct about the act of sleeping itself and carries more honorific weight.

While '-께서' is the honorific subject particle and is very commonly used with '주무시다' to further emphasize respect (e.g., '할머니께서 주무세요'), it is not strictly mandatory in all contexts. In very informal family settings, the plain particle '-이/가' might sometimes be heard, like '할머니가 주무세요'. However, for learners aiming for correct and polite Korean, using '-께서' with '주무시다' is the safest and most recommended practice.

Generally, no. '주무시다' is an honorific verb, and you use it to show respect to others, not yourself. When talking about your own sleep, you use the plain verb '자다'. For example, you would say '저는 푹 잤어요' (I slept soundly), not '저는 푹 주무셨어요'.

The most common polite informal conjugation is '주무세요' (jumuseyo) for the present tense. For the past tense, it's '주무셨어요' (jumusyeosseoyo). In formal situations, you'll hear '주무십니다' (jumusimnida) for present tense statements and '주무셨습니다' (jumusyeotseumnida) for past tense statements. The question form is '주무십니까?' (jumusimnikka?).

When in doubt, it's often safer to use the more respectful form if the person is older or in a position of authority. However, overusing honorifics can also sound awkward. If you are unsure, observe how native speakers interact. For learners, focusing on using '주무시다' for clear elders like grandparents and parents is a good starting point.

Yes, the noun form is '주무심' (jumusim), which means 'slumber' or 'sleep' (used respectfully). For example, '어르신의 깊은 주무심' (the elder's deep slumber).

Using '자다' for someone who deserves honorifics can be perceived as rude, impolite, or lacking in social awareness. It can cause offense, especially in more traditional or formal contexts. It's important to use honorifics correctly to maintain good relationships.

While the core principle of honorifics is consistent across Korean dialects, the specific nuances and frequency of use might vary slightly. However, '주무시다' is a standard honorific verb understood and used nationwide.

Try creating sentences describing your family members (if they are elders), teachers, or fictional respected characters sleeping. Role-play conversations where you need to use honorifics. Listen to Korean dramas or news that feature interactions with elders and pay attention to the verb choices.

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