인하하다
인하하다 in 30 Seconds
- A verb meaning to lower prices or costs.
- Used by businesses to make items cheaper.
- Common during sales and promotions.
- The opposite of 'to raise prices'.
The Korean verb '인하하다' (inhada) directly translates to 'to lower' or 'to decrease,' but it is most commonly used in the context of prices and costs. When businesses or individuals '인하하다' something, they are making it cheaper. This action is often a strategic decision to attract customers, clear inventory, or respond to market changes. You'll frequently encounter this term in advertisements, sales announcements, and economic discussions.
- Core Meaning
- To reduce the price or cost of something.
- Common Scenarios
- Sales events, clearance promotions, seasonal discounts, economic adjustments.
- Usage Examples
- A store announcing a price reduction on electronics, a company lowering service fees, or a government reducing taxes.
Imagine a clothing store preparing for a holiday sale. They might decide to '인하하다' the prices of their summer collection to make space for new autumn arrivals. Similarly, a software company might '인하하다' the subscription fee for a limited time to encourage new users to sign up. In news reports about the economy, you might hear about the government considering measures to '인하하다' the price of essential goods to help consumers cope with inflation.
이번 여름 세일 기간 동안 모든 상품 가격을 인하합니다.
The verb '인하하다' is a formal and widely understood term in business and commerce. It implies a deliberate action to make something more affordable. It is often used in conjunction with specific percentages or amounts of reduction, such as '10% 인하하다' (to lower by 10%) or '5,000원 인하하다' (to lower by 5,000 won).
Understanding '인하하다' is crucial for navigating commercial transactions and comprehending economic news in Korean. It signifies a positive development for consumers, as it means they can purchase goods or services at a lower cost.
연말을 맞아 특별 할인 행사를 통해 일부 품목의 가격을 인하할 예정입니다.
The verb '인하하다' is conjugated like any other Korean verb. Its base form is '인하하다'. In polite speech, it often appears as '인하해요' (inhahaeyo) or '인하합니다' (inhahamnida). When talking about a past action, you would use '인하했어요' (inhahaesseoyo) or '인하했습니다' (inhahatsseumnida). The future tense can be expressed as '인하할 거예요' (inhahal geoyeyo) or '인하할 것입니다' (inhahal geosimnida).
Let's explore various sentence structures to see '인하하다' in action. Remember that the subject of the sentence is usually a company, a store, or an organization that has the authority to change prices.
- Present Tense (Informal Polite)
- The company is lowering prices.
- Present Tense (Formal Polite)
- The company is lowering prices.
- Past Tense (Informal Polite)
- The company lowered prices.
- Past Tense (Formal Polite)
- The company lowered prices.
- Future Tense (Informal Polite)
- The company will lower prices.
- Future Tense (Formal Polite)
- The company will lower prices.
Here are some example sentences:
정부가 물가 안정을 위해 유류세를 인하하기로 결정했습니다.
In this sentence, '인하하기로 결정했습니다' means 'decided to lower'. The particle '-기로' indicates a decision or plan.
이번 달에 신제품 출시 기념으로 모든 서비스 요금을 10% 인하할 예정입니다.
Here, '인하할 예정입니다' indicates a future plan. The phrase '10% 인하할' specifies the amount of the reduction.
지난 분기 실적이 좋지 않아, 다음 분기에는 판매 가격을 인하할 수밖에 없었습니다.
The phrase '인하할 수밖에 없었습니다' conveys a sense of inevitability or lack of alternative.
마트에서는 명절을 앞두고 선물 세트 가격을 대폭 인하했습니다.
'대폭 인하했습니다' means 'significantly lowered'. '대폭' emphasizes the magnitude of the price reduction.
'인하하다' is a word you'll encounter in various everyday and formal settings, primarily related to commerce and economics. Its presence signifies a reduction in cost, which is generally good news for consumers.
- Retail and Shopping
- This is perhaps the most common place to hear or see '인하하다'. Stores frequently announce price reductions during sales events, clearance periods, or to promote new products. You'll see signs in shops, hear announcements over loudspeakers, and read about these promotions in advertisements. For instance, a clothing store might announce: '모든 여름 상품을 20% 인하합니다' (We are lowering all summer items by 20%).
- News and Media
- Economic news reports often discuss price changes. You might hear about the government deciding to '인하하다' taxes on certain goods or services to stimulate the economy, or a company announcing they will '인하하다' the price of their flagship product due to increased competition. For example: '정부는 물가 안정을 위해 유류세를 인하하기로 결정했다.' (The government has decided to lower oil taxes to stabilize prices.)
- Business and Finance
- In business meetings or financial reports, '인하하다' is used to describe strategic pricing decisions. A company might decide to '인하하다' its service fees to attract more clients or to remain competitive. The phrase '원가 절감을 통해 가격을 인하할 수 있다' (We can lower the price through cost reduction) is a typical business statement.
- Service Industries
- Service providers, such as telecommunication companies, airlines, or subscription services, may also announce price reductions. For instance, a mobile carrier might offer a promotion: '신규 가입자에게는 요금을 인하해 드립니다.' (We offer a reduction in fees for new subscribers.)
- Public Announcements
- Official announcements from government bodies or public institutions might use '인하하다'. For example, a public transport authority might announce: '대중교통 요금을 인하할 계획입니다.' (We plan to lower public transportation fares.)
You will often see the noun form '인하' (reduction) used alongside '하다' (to do) to form the verb '인하하다'. For example, '가격 인하' (price reduction) becomes '가격을 인하하다' (to lower the price).
연말 특별 할인으로 모든 제품의 가격을 인하했습니다.
While '인하하다' is a straightforward verb, learners sometimes make mistakes related to its usage, context, or conjugation. Here are some common pitfalls to watch out for:
- Confusing with '내리다' (naerida)
- The verb '내리다' also means 'to lower' or 'to go down'. While it can be used for prices in some informal contexts, '인하하다' is the more specific and formal term for a deliberate price reduction by a seller. Using '내리다' might sound less professional in a business context. For example, instead of saying '가격을 내려요' (I'll lower the price - informal), it's better to say '가격을 인하합니다' (I will lower the price - formal/business).
- Incorrect Subject
- '인하하다' is typically performed by the seller or provider of goods/services. A customer does not '인하하다' a price; they might '깎다' (kkakkda - to haggle) or ask for a discount. For example, a customer shouldn't say '저는 이 옷의 가격을 인하하고 싶어요' (I want to lower the price of this clothing). Instead, they would ask '이 가격에서 좀 깎아 주실 수 있나요?' (Can you lower the price a bit?).
- Misusing the Noun Form
- The noun form is '인하' (reduction). Learners might incorrectly try to use '인하' as a verb directly without '하다'. For instance, saying '가격 인하했어요' is correct (the price reduction was done), but saying '가격을 인하했어요' is also correct. However, it's wrong to say something like '우리는 가격을 인하했어요' when you mean 'we performed a price reduction'. The correct verb form is '인하했습니다' or '인하했어요'.
- Confusing with '할인하다' (harinhada)
- '할인하다' means 'to discount'. While both result in lower prices, '인하하다' implies a more permanent or significant reduction in the base price, whereas '할인하다' often refers to a temporary offer or a percentage off the original price. A store might '인하하다' the price of a product line, and then offer a further '할인' on specific items within that line. Example: '이 제품은 원래 가격에서 10% 할인됩니다. 또한, 특별 행사 기간 동안 전체 가격을 인하할 예정입니다.' (This product is discounted by 10% from its original price. Additionally, we plan to lower the overall price during the special event period.)
- Incorrect Particles
- When using '인하하다', the object (what is being lowered) is typically marked with the object particle '을/를'. Forgetting this particle or using the wrong one can lead to awkward sentences. Correct: '회사는 연말까지 모든 상품의 가격을 인하하기로 했습니다.' (The company decided to lower the prices of all products by the end of the year.)
Paying attention to these nuances will help you use '인하하다' accurately and appropriately in your Korean conversations and writing.
잘못된 예: 소비자는 상품 가격을 인하할 수 있다.
올바른 표현: 소비자는 상품 가격을 깎아달라고 요청할 수 있다.
While '인하하다' is the standard term for lowering prices in a formal or commercial context, several other words and phrases can be used depending on the nuance and formality. Understanding these alternatives will enrich your vocabulary and allow for more precise communication.
- 할인하다 (harinhada) - To discount
- This is the most common alternative. '할인하다' refers to offering a reduction, usually a percentage or a fixed amount, from the original price. It often implies a temporary promotion or sale. '인하하다' can imply a more permanent or significant adjustment to the base price.
Comparison:
- '인하하다': The store decided to lower the price of all TVs. (모든 TV 가격을 인하하기로 결정했습니다.)
- '할인하다': This week, all laptops are discounted by 15%. (이번 주 모든 노트북은 15% 할인합니다.) - 낮추다 (nachuda) - To lower, to reduce
- This is a more general verb meaning 'to lower' or 'to bring down'. It can be used for prices, but it's less specific to commercial transactions than '인하하다'. It can also refer to lowering physical objects, levels, or standards.
Comparison:
- '인하하다': The company will lower its service fees. (서비스 요금을 인하할 것입니다.)
- '낮추다': Please lower the volume. (볼륨을 낮춰 주세요.)
- '낮추다' can also be used for prices in a less formal or more descriptive way: '기존 가격보다 낮춘 가격으로 판매합니다.' (We sell at a price lowered from the existing price.) - 내리다 (naerida) - To go down, to lower
- This verb can mean 'to lower' in an informal sense, especially when referring to prices. However, it's very versatile and can mean 'to get off' (a bus), 'to descend', or 'to hand down'. In the context of prices, it's less formal and specific than '인하하다'.
Comparison:
- '인하하다': The government decided to lower oil taxes. (정부가 유류세를 인하하기로 결정했습니다.)
- '내리다': The price of gas is going down. (기름값이 내리고 있어요.)
- Informally, a seller might say: '이 가격에서 조금 내려 드릴게요.' (I'll lower it a bit from this price for you.) - 인상하다 (insanghada) - To raise prices (Antonym)
- This is the direct antonym of '인하하다'. While not a synonym, understanding the opposite helps solidify the meaning. '인상하다' means to increase prices.
Example: '물가 상승으로 인해 많은 제품의 가격이 인상될 것으로 예상됩니다.' (Due to rising prices, many products are expected to have their prices raised.) - 가격 조정 (gagyeok jojeong) - Price adjustment
- This is a neutral term that can refer to either raising or lowering prices. It's often used in business contexts to describe a change in pricing strategy.
Example: '시장 상황에 따라 가격을 조정할 수 있습니다.' (We can adjust the price according to market conditions.)
In summary, while '인하하다' is the most precise term for a seller lowering prices, '할인하다' is common for temporary discounts, '낮추다' and '내리다' are more general or informal alternatives, and '인상하다' is its direct opposite. '가격 조정' is a broad term for any price change.
이 가게는 항상 가격을 인하하는 편이야.
이번 달에는 특별히 20% 할인 행사를 하고 있습니다.
How Formal Is It?
Fun Fact
The Hanja character '하(下)' is quite common in Korean words related to direction or position, such as '하강하다' (to descend) and '하향하다' (to go downward). The combination with '인(引)' specifically gives it the nuance of 'leading something down', which is perfect for price reductions.
Pronunciation Guide
- Pronouncing 'ㅎ' (h) too strongly or too softly.
- Incorrectly stressing syllables, making it sound unnatural.
- Confusing the vowel sounds, especially between 'ㅣ' (i) and 'ㅏ' (a).
Difficulty Rating
This word is frequently encountered in written materials like advertisements, news articles, and product descriptions. Learners at the A2 level can typically understand its meaning in context, especially when related to sales or economic news.
Using '인하하다' correctly in writing requires understanding its specific commercial context and proper conjugation. It's generally straightforward for A2 learners, but distinguishing it from similar words like '할인하다' or '내리다' might require more practice.
In spoken Korean, learners might hear '인하하다' in announcements or news. Using it themselves is appropriate in situations discussing sales or price changes, but informal alternatives like '깎다' or '싸게 하다' might be more common in casual conversation.
Recognizing '인하하다' when spoken is important for understanding commercial contexts. It's often used in advertisements or news reports, making it a key word for comprehension.
What to Learn Next
Prerequisites
Learn Next
Advanced
Grammar to Know
Verb Conjugation (Present, Past, Future Tenses)
인하하다 -> 인하해요 (present informal polite), 인하했습니다 (past formal polite), 인하할 거예요 (future informal polite).
Object Particle (를/을)
The thing whose price is lowered is marked with '를' or '을'. Ex: 가격을 인하하다 (to lower the price).
Adverbs of Degree (대폭, 소폭)
대폭 인하했습니다 (significantly lowered), 소폭 인하했습니다 (slightly lowered).
Connecting Clauses (e.g., reasons, purposes)
원가 절감을 위해 가격을 인하했습니다 (We lowered prices to reduce costs).
Passive Voice (less common for this verb)
이 상품은 가격이 인하되었습니다. (The price of this product has been lowered.)
Examples by Level
가격 인하.
Price reduction.
Noun form of '인하하다'.
싸게 팔아요.
Selling it cheaply.
Informal way to say prices are low.
세일합니다.
We are having a sale.
Common term for price reduction events.
좀 깎아주세요.
Please lower the price a bit.
Requesting a discount.
이거 얼마예요?
How much is this?
Basic question about price.
너무 비싸요.
It's too expensive.
Expressing that the price is high.
더 싸게는 안 돼요?
Can't you make it cheaper?
Asking for a further price reduction.
이 가격에 드릴게요.
I'll give it to you at this price.
Offering a specific price.
이번 달에는 모든 상품 가격을 10% 인하했어요.
This month, we lowered the prices of all products by 10%.
Past tense of '인하하다' with a specific percentage.
연말 세일 기간에 많이 인하합니다.
We lower prices significantly during the year-end sale period.
'많이' emphasizes the degree of lowering.
새로운 모델이 나와서 이전 모델 가격을 인하했어요.
A new model came out, so we lowered the price of the previous model.
Reason for price lowering.
경제 불황으로 인해 상품 가격을 인하할 수밖에 없어요.
Due to the economic recession, we have no choice but to lower product prices.
'-ㄹ 수밖에 없다' expresses inevitability.
물가 안정을 위해 정부가 유류세를 인하했습니다.
The government lowered oil taxes to stabilize prices.
Government action to lower prices.
이 식당은 항상 점심 메뉴를 조금씩 인하해요.
This restaurant always lowers the prices of its lunch menu a little.
Regular, small price reductions.
재고 소진을 위해 여름 옷을 대폭 인하합니다.
To clear inventory, we are greatly lowering the prices of summer clothes.
'대폭' means significantly or greatly.
다음 달부터는 서비스 요금을 인하할 예정입니다.
We plan to lower service fees starting next month.
'-(으)ㄹ 예정이다' indicates a future plan.
회사는 경쟁사보다 유리한 위치를 확보하기 위해 가격을 인하하기로 결정했습니다.
The company decided to lower its prices to secure a more advantageous position than its competitors.
Strategic pricing decision for competitive advantage.
경기 침체가 심화되면서 기업들이 연이어 가격 인하를 단행하고 있습니다.
As the economic downturn deepens, companies are successively implementing price reductions.
'연이어' means successively, '단행하다' means to carry out.
소비자들의 구매력 증진을 목표로 특정 상품군에 대한 가격 인하를 검토 중입니다.
We are considering a price reduction for specific product groups with the goal of enhancing consumers' purchasing power.
'구매력 증진' means enhancement of purchasing power.
이번 프로모션은 한시적으로 가격을 인하하여 고객 유치에 힘쓰는 전략입니다.
This promotion is a strategy to attract customers by temporarily lowering prices.
'한시적' means temporary, '고객 유치' means customer acquisition.
원가 절감 노력을 통해 얻은 이익을 소비자에게 돌려주기 위해 가격을 인하할 것입니다.
We will lower prices to return the profits gained through cost reduction efforts to consumers.
Linking cost reduction to price lowering.
가전제품 판매량이 부진하자, 제조업체들은 재고 부담을 줄이기 위해 가격 인하를 고려하고 있습니다.
As sales of home appliances have been sluggish, manufacturers are considering price reductions to reduce inventory burdens.
'재고 부담' means inventory burden.
정부는 난방비 부담을 덜어주기 위해 에너지 요금을 인하하는 방안을 발표했습니다.
The government announced a plan to lower energy bills to alleviate the burden of heating costs.
'난방비 부담' means burden of heating costs.
온라인 쇼핑몰들은 경쟁 심화 속에서 고객들에게 더 나은 가격을 제공하기 위해 가격을 인하하는 추세입니다.
Online shopping malls are trending towards lowering prices to offer better prices to customers amidst intensifying competition.
'경쟁 심화' means intensifying competition.
환율 변동으로 인한 수입 원자재 가격 상승에도 불구하고, 업체는 기존 가격을 유지하거나 소폭 인하하는 방안을 모색하고 있습니다.
Despite the rise in imported raw material prices due to exchange rate fluctuations, the company is exploring ways to maintain existing prices or slightly lower them.
'환율 변동' (exchange rate fluctuations), '수입 원자재' (imported raw materials).
시장 점유율 확대를 위한 공격적인 가격 인하 전략은 단기적으로는 효과적일 수 있으나, 장기적인 수익성 악화로 이어질 수 있다는 우려가 제기됩니다.
Aggressive price reduction strategies for expanding market share may be effective in the short term, but concerns are raised that they could lead to long-term profitability deterioration.
'시장 점유율 확대' (market share expansion), '수익성 악화' (profitability deterioration).
정부의 물가 안정 정책 기조에 따라, 공공 서비스 요금의 점진적인 인하가 추진될 것으로 예상됩니다.
In line with the government's policy stance on price stabilization, a gradual reduction in public service fees is expected to be pursued.
'물가 안정 정책 기조' (policy stance on price stabilization), '점진적인 인하' (gradual reduction).
기술 혁신을 통한 생산성 향상으로 원가 경쟁력을 확보하고, 이를 바탕으로 제품 가격을 인하하여 시장을 선도하려는 기업들의 움직임이 활발합니다.
There is active movement from companies aiming to lead the market by securing cost competitiveness through productivity improvements via technological innovation, and based on this, lowering product prices.
'기술 혁신' (technological innovation), '생산성 향상' (productivity improvement), '원가 경쟁력' (cost competitiveness).
글로벌 공급망 불안정으로 인한 비용 증가 요인에도 불구하고, 소비자들의 체감 물가 안정을 위해 가격 인하를 단행하는 기업들의 노력이 주목받고 있습니다.
Despite cost-increasing factors due to global supply chain instability, the efforts of companies implementing price reductions to stabilize consumers' perceived inflation are gaining attention.
'글로벌 공급망 불안정' (global supply chain instability), '체감 물가 안정' (stabilization of perceived inflation).
항공사들은 여객 수요 부진을 타개하기 위해 비수기 특별 할인 요금제를 도입하며 사실상 운임을 인하하는 효과를 거두고 있습니다.
Airlines are achieving the effect of virtually lowering fares by introducing special off-season discount fare plans to overcome sluggish passenger demand.
'여객 수요 부진' (sluggish passenger demand), '비수기' (off-season).
부동산 시장의 거래 위축을 완화하고자 정부는 일부 규제를 완화하고 주택 담보 대출 금리를 인하하는 정책을 검토하고 있습니다.
To alleviate the contraction of transactions in the real estate market, the government is considering policies to ease some regulations and lower mortgage interest rates.
'거래 위축' (contraction of transactions), '주택 담보 대출 금리' (mortgage interest rates).
소비자 보호 차원에서 불공정 거래 관행에 대한 감시를 강화하고, 필요시 관련 서비스 요금을 인하하도록 유도할 방침입니다.
From a consumer protection perspective, surveillance on unfair trade practices will be strengthened, and if necessary, guidance will be provided to lower related service fees.
'소비자 보호' (consumer protection), '불공정 거래 관행' (unfair trade practices).
글로벌 경기 둔화와 더불어 국내 소비 심리 위축이 맞물리면서, 기업들은 수익성 압박을 완화하기 위해 전례 없는 수준의 가격 인하를 단행하고 있습니다.
With the slowdown in the global economy and the contraction of domestic consumer sentiment intertwined, companies are implementing unprecedented levels of price reductions to alleviate profitability pressures.
'경기 둔화' (economic slowdown), '소비 심리 위축' (contraction of consumer sentiment), '수익성 압박' (profitability pressure).
디지털 전환 가속화로 인한 생산 공정의 효율성 증대가 제품 원가 절감으로 이어졌고, 이는 경쟁사 대비 가격 경쟁력을 확보하는 기회로 작용하고 있습니다.
Increased efficiency in production processes due to accelerated digital transformation has led to reduced product costs, which is acting as an opportunity to secure price competitiveness compared to competitors.
'디지털 전환 가속화' (accelerated digital transformation), '생산 공정' (production process), '원가 절감' (cost reduction).
정부는 물가 상승 압력 완화를 위해 전략 비축유 방출과 더불어, 일부 필수 소비재에 대한 관세를 일시적으로 인하하는 방안을 적극 검토 중입니다.
To alleviate upward price pressure, the government is actively considering measures such as releasing strategic oil reserves and temporarily lowering tariffs on some essential consumer goods.
'물가 상승 압력' (upward price pressure), '전략 비축유 방출' (release of strategic oil reserves), '필수 소비재' (essential consumer goods).
플랫폼 기업들은 시장 지배력 강화를 위해 수수료를 인하하거나 무료 서비스를 제공하는 전략을 구사하고 있으며, 이는 전통적인 산업에 큰 영향을 미치고 있습니다.
Platform companies are employing strategies such as lowering commissions or providing free services to strengthen their market dominance, which is having a significant impact on traditional industries.
'시장 지배력 강화' (strengthening market dominance), '수수료' (commission/fee), '전통적인 산업' (traditional industries).
팬데믹 이후 재택근무 확산으로 사무 공간 수요가 감소함에 따라, 상업용 부동산 시장에서는 임대료 인하 압력이 가중되고 있습니다.
As demand for office space has decreased due to the spread of remote work after the pandemic, pressure to lower rents is intensifying in the commercial real estate market.
'재택근무 확산' (spread of remote work), '사무 공간 수요 감소' (decrease in office space demand), '임대료 인하 압력' (rent reduction pressure).
경쟁 심화와 소비자들의 가격 민감도 증가를 고려하여, 기업들은 단기적인 매출 증대보다는 장기적인 브랜드 가치 제고를 위한 가격 정책을 재검토하고 있습니다.
Considering intensifying competition and increasing consumer price sensitivity, companies are re-examining their pricing policies for long-term brand value enhancement rather than short-term sales increase.
'가격 민감도 증가' (increasing price sensitivity), '브랜드 가치 제고' (brand value enhancement).
정부는 서민 경제 부담 완화를 위해 공공 요금 인하를 추진하는 한편, 에너지 효율 개선을 통한 장기적인 비용 절감 방안도 병행하고 있습니다.
The government is pursuing a reduction in public utility charges to alleviate the economic burden on low-income households, while simultaneously implementing long-term cost-saving measures through energy efficiency improvements.
'서민 경제 부담 완화' (alleviation of economic burden on low-income households), '공공 요금' (public utility charges), '에너지 효율 개선' (energy efficiency improvement).
급변하는 시장 환경에 대응하기 위해, 기업은 생산 비용 절감, 유통 채널 효율화, 그리고 전략적인 가격 인하를 포함한 다각적인 접근 방식을 취하고 있습니다.
To respond to the rapidly changing market environment, the company is adopting a multifaceted approach that includes reducing production costs, streamlining distribution channels, and strategic price reductions.
'급변하는 시장 환경' (rapidly changing market environment), '유통 채널 효율화' (streamlining distribution channels), '다각적인 접근 방식' (multifaceted approach).
글로벌 팬데믹 이후 공급망 병목 현상과 원자재 가격 급등이라는 복합적인 요인이 작용하면서, 전례 없는 수준의 인플레이션 압력이 발생했고, 이에 대응하기 위한 각국 정부의 통화 정책 및 재정 정책적 개입과 더불어, 기업들의 가격 인하 여력은 극도로 제한될 수밖에 없었습니다.
As complex factors such as supply chain bottlenecks and soaring raw material prices have acted in concert following the global pandemic, unprecedented levels of inflationary pressure have occurred, and in response, coupled with monetary and fiscal policy interventions by governments worldwide, companies' capacity for price reduction has been extremely limited.
'공급망 병목 현상' (supply chain bottleneck), '원자재 가격 급등' (soaring raw material prices), '인플레이션 압력' (inflationary pressure), '통화 정책' (monetary policy), '재정 정책' (fiscal policy), '가격 인하 여력' (capacity for price reduction).
지속 가능한 성장을 추구하는 기업 경영 패러다임의 전환은 단순히 이윤 극대화를 위한 가격 인상이나 인하를 넘어, 제품의 전 생애주기에 걸친 환경적, 사회적 영향을 고려한 책임감 있는 가격 책정으로 이어지고 있으며, 이는 소비자들의 윤리적 소비 성향 강화와 맞물려 새로운 시장 질서를 형성하고 있습니다.
The shift in the corporate management paradigm pursuing sustainable growth is leading to responsible pricing that considers the environmental and social impacts throughout the product's entire life cycle, beyond simple price increases or reductions for profit maximization, and this is forming a new market order in conjunction with the strengthening of consumers' ethical consumption tendencies.
'지속 가능한 성장' (sustainable growth), '경영 패러다임' (management paradigm), '윤리적 소비 성향' (ethical consumption tendency), '시장 질서' (market order).
디지털 경제의 확산과 플랫폼 기업들의 독점적 지위 강화는 전통적인 가격 결정 메커니즘에 근본적인 변화를 초래하고 있으며, 알고리즘 기반의 동적 가격 책정 모델이 보편화되면서 소비자들은 실시간으로 변동하는 가격에 직면하게 되고, 이는 가격 인하 또는 인상에 대한 예측 가능성을 현저히 떨어뜨리고 있습니다.
The spread of the digital economy and the strengthening of platform companies' monopolistic positions are causing fundamental changes to traditional price determination mechanisms, and as algorithm-based dynamic pricing models become common, consumers face prices that fluctuate in real-time, significantly reducing the predictability of price reductions or increases.
'디지털 경제' (digital economy), '플랫폼 기업' (platform companies), '독점적 지위' (monopolistic position), '동적 가격 책정' (dynamic pricing), '예측 가능성' (predictability).
기후 변화 대응을 위한 탄소세 도입 논의가 활발해지면서, 에너지 집약적인 산업 분야에서는 생산 비용의 상당 부분이 탄소 배출권 구매 비용으로 전가될 가능성이 높아, 이를 상쇄하기 위한 적극적인 원가 절감 노력과 함께, 불가피한 가격 인상 요인이 발생할 수 있다는 전망이 나오고 있습니다.
As discussions on the introduction of carbon taxes to address climate change intensify, industries with high energy intensity are likely to see a significant portion of their production costs passed on to the cost of purchasing carbon emission allowances, leading to forecasts that unavoidable price increase factors may arise, along with active cost reduction efforts to offset this.
'기후 변화 대응' (climate change response), '탄소세' (carbon tax), '에너지 집약적인 산업' (energy-intensive industries), '탄소 배출권 구매 비용' (cost of purchasing carbon emission allowances).
글로벌 공급망의 지정학적 리스크 증대와 보호무역주의 강화 추세 속에서, 기업들은 안정적인 원자재 확보와 생산 기지 다변화를 통해 비용 상승 압력을 관리해야 하는 과제에 직면해 있으며, 이는 제품 가격 인하 여력을 더욱 제약하는 요인으로 작용하고 있습니다.
Amidst increasing geopolitical risks in global supply chains and the trend of strengthening protectionism, companies face the challenge of managing cost-increase pressures through securing stable raw materials and diversifying production bases, which acts as a factor further constraining the capacity for product price reductions.
'지정학적 리스크' (geopolitical risk), '보호무역주의' (protectionism), '생산 기지 다변화' (diversification of production bases).
인공지능 기반의 수요 예측 및 재고 관리 시스템 도입은 공급망 효율성을 극대화하여 과잉 생산을 방지하고, 결과적으로 제품 가격의 안정화 또는 인하를 가능하게 하는 기술적 진보로 평가받고 있습니다.
The introduction of AI-based demand forecasting and inventory management systems is evaluated as a technological advancement that maximizes supply chain efficiency, prevents overproduction, and consequently enables price stabilization or reduction of products.
'인공지능 기반' (AI-based), '수요 예측' (demand forecasting), '재고 관리' (inventory management), '과잉 생산' (overproduction).
소비자들의 가치 소비 및 지속 가능성에 대한 관심 증가는 기업들이 가격 인하 경쟁보다는 친환경 생산 방식 도입, 공정 무역 실천 등 윤리적 가치를 가격에 반영하도록 유도하고 있으며, 이는 새로운 형태의 가격 결정 메커니즘을 형성할 가능성을 시사합니다.
Increasing consumer interest in value consumption and sustainability is leading companies to reflect ethical values in their pricing, such as adopting eco-friendly production methods and practicing fair trade, rather than engaging in price reduction competition, suggesting the formation of a new type of price determination mechanism.
'가치 소비' (value consumption), '지속 가능성' (sustainability), '친환경 생산 방식' (eco-friendly production methods), '공정 무역' (fair trade).
정부의 복지 정책 강화 기조 속에서, 필수 의료 서비스 및 교육 서비스에 대한 접근성을 높이기 위해 요금 인하 또는 지원 확대 방안이 지속적으로 논의되고 있으며, 이는 사회 전체의 후생 증진에 기여할 것으로 기대됩니다.
Within the government's reinforced welfare policy stance, measures for fee reduction or expanded support are continuously being discussed to increase accessibility to essential medical and educational services, which is expected to contribute to the overall welfare enhancement of society.
'복지 정책 강화' (strengthened welfare policy), '접근성' (accessibility), '후생 증진' (welfare enhancement).
Common Collocations
Common Phrases
— To lower the price. This is the most direct and common usage.
이번 달에는 특별히 제품 가격을 인하합니다.
— A significant or drastic price reduction. Used to emphasize the magnitude of the price drop.
연말 세일 기간에 의류 가격을 대폭 인하했습니다.
— A slight or small price reduction. Used when the price drop is not substantial.
원가 상승 요인에도 불구하고 소폭 인하를 결정했습니다.
— A policy of lowering prices. This refers to a company's strategy regarding price reductions.
회사는 공격적인 가격 인하 정책을 펼치고 있습니다.
— The effect or impact of lowering prices. This could refer to increased sales or customer satisfaction.
가격 인하 효과로 매출이 크게 늘었습니다.
— To lower fees or charges. Commonly used for services like utilities or telecommunications.
정부가 통신 요금 인하를 검토 중입니다.
— To lower taxes. This is usually a governmental action.
경기 부양을 위해 세금 인하가 필요하다는 주장이 있습니다.
— To lower prices of goods and services in general. Often discussed in the context of economic policy.
물가 인하를 위한 정부의 노력이 계속되고 있습니다.
— To decide to lower prices. Indicates a finalized decision.
경쟁사 동향을 보고 가격을 인하하기로 결정했습니다.
— To plan to lower prices. Indicates a future intention.
다음 분기부터 일부 제품의 가격을 인하할 예정입니다.
Often Confused With
'인하하다' implies a more fundamental or permanent reduction in price, while '할인하다' often refers to a temporary discount or percentage off the original price. A store might '인하하다' the base price of a product line and then offer further '할인' during a sale.
'내리다' is a more general verb for 'to lower' or 'go down'. While it can be used for prices informally, '인하하다' is more specific to commercial price reductions and carries a more formal tone.
'낮추다' is also a general term for 'to lower'. It can apply to prices but also to many other things like volume, levels, or standards. '인하하다' is exclusively used for prices or costs in a commercial sense.
Idioms & Expressions
— To sell something off at a very low price, often to get rid of it quickly. While not directly using '인하하다', it describes a severe price reduction.
창고에 쌓인 재고를 헐값에 넘겼다.
Informal— A clearance sale, selling off remaining stock at reduced prices. Similar to the result of '인하하다' for inventory.
가게 문을 닫기 전에 떨이 판매를 했다.
Commercial— An exceptionally generous or unprecedented discount. This implies a significant price reduction, akin to '대폭 인하'.
이번 행사에서는 파격적인 할인율을 제공합니다.
Commercial— To lessen the price burden. This is often the goal or effect of price lowering.
정부의 요금 인하로 시민들의 가격 부담이 덜어졌다.
General— To drastically and often unfairly lower the price, usually in a negotiation context. This is more aggressive than a standard '인하하다'.
흥정 끝에 가격을 후려쳐서 겨우 팔았다.
Informal/Negative Connotation— To sell at a loss, meaning the selling price is lower than the cost price. This is an extreme form of price lowering.
결국 밑지고 팔 수밖에 없었다.
Informal— An exceptionally low or drastically reduced price. It's the noun form describing the result of a significant price cut.
이 제품은 파격가로 판매 중입니다.
Commercial— Super special price, indicating a very low price, often for a limited time. Similar to a very deep discount or '인하'.
오늘만 초특가로 판매합니다.
Commercial— To offer something at a low price. Similar to '인하하다' but emphasizes the low price point.
오래된 가구를 염가로 내놓았습니다.
Commercial— To increase price competitiveness. Lowering prices ('인하하다') is a common way to achieve this.
원가 절감을 통해 가격 경쟁력을 높였다.
BusinessEasily Confused
Both '인하하다' and '할인하다' result in lower prices for consumers.
'인하하다' generally means to lower the base price of a product or service, often implying a more permanent or significant adjustment. '할인하다' typically refers to a temporary reduction, such as a percentage off or a special offer during a sale period. For example, a store might '인하하다' the price of all winter coats in preparation for spring, and then offer an additional 10% '할인' during a weekend sale.
이번 시즌에는 모든 겨울 코트 가격을 인하했습니다. 그리고 주말 특별 할인 행사로 10%를 더 할인해 드릴게요.
'내리다' can also mean 'to lower' or 'to bring down', and is sometimes used informally for prices.
'내리다' is a very versatile verb with many meanings (e.g., to get off a bus, to descend). When used for prices, it's often in informal contexts. '인하하다' is specifically about reducing prices in a commercial or economic sense and is more formal. For instance, a friend might say '가격 좀 내렸어' (They lowered the price a bit), but a company announcement would use '가격 인하했습니다'.
친구가 "이 식당 음식값이 좀 내렸어."라고 말했지만, 가게에서는 "점심 메뉴 가격을 인하했습니다."라고 공지했다.
'낮추다' means 'to lower' and can be applied to various things, including prices.
'낮추다' is a general verb for lowering something, whether it's physical height, volume, standards, or prices. '인하하다' is specifically used for lowering prices or costs in a business or economic context. While you can say '가격(price)을 낮추다', it's less precise for commercial price reductions than '가격(price)을 인하하다'. You would say '소음을 낮추다' (lower the noise), not '소음을 인하하다'.
공장에서 생산 비용을 낮추기 위해 노력했지만, 최종 제품 가격은 인하하지 못했다.
This is the direct antonym, and understanding the difference helps clarify the meaning of '인하하다'.
'인하하다' means to lower prices, while '인상하다' means to raise prices. They are direct opposites in the context of price changes. '인하하다' is about making things cheaper, whereas '인상하다' is about making things more expensive.
원자재 가격이 올라서 제품 가격을 인상할 수밖에 없었습니다. 반대로, 경쟁이 치열해지면 가격을 인하하기도 합니다.
This phrase refers to changing prices, which can include lowering them.
'가격 조정' is a neutral term meaning 'price adjustment'. It can refer to either increasing or decreasing prices. '인하하다' specifically means to lower prices. So, while a '가격 조정' might involve '인하하다', it doesn't exclusively mean lowering prices.
시장 상황에 따라 가격 조정이 필요합니다. 이번에는 가격을 인하하는 조정이 될 것입니다.
Sentence Patterns
Subject + [Object] + 를/을 + 인하하다.
회사가 제품 가격을 인하했습니다.
[Object] + 를/을 + [Amount] + 인하하다.
모든 상품을 10% 인하했어요.
[Reason] + -(으)로 + [Object] + 를/을 + 인하하다.
재고 소진으로 상품 가격을 인하했습니다.
Subject + [Object] + 를/을 + 인하할 예정이다.
다음 달부터 서비스 요금을 인하할 예정입니다.
[Subject] + [Object] + 를/을 + [Adverb] + 인하하다.
정부가 유류세를 대폭 인하했습니다.
[Object] + 를/을 + 인하하기로 결정하다.
경쟁 심화로 가격을 인하하기로 결정했습니다.
[Subject] + [Object] + 를/을 + 인하하는 + [Noun].
가격 인하하는 정책이 긍정적인 반응을 얻고 있다.
[Subject] + [Purpose] + -(으)려 + [Object] + 를/을 + 인하하다.
시장 점유율을 높이려 가격을 인하했습니다.
Word Family
Nouns
Verbs
Related
How to Use It
High, especially in commercial and economic contexts.
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Using '인하하다' for a customer asking for a discount.
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A customer should use '깎다' or ask for a discount, not '인하하다'.
'인하하다' is an action taken by the seller. A customer requests a reduction, they don't perform the reduction themselves. Example: Wrong - '제가 가격을 인하하고 싶어요.' Correct - '가격을 좀 깎아주세요.'
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Confusing '인하하다' with '할인하다' in all contexts.
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'인하하다' implies a more permanent price change, while '할인하다' is often for temporary sales.
While both result in lower prices, '인하하다' can mean a fundamental price adjustment, whereas '할인하다' is typically a promotional discount. Example: '회사는 모든 제품 가격을 인하했고, 이번 주말에는 추가로 10% 할인합니다.'
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Using '인하하다' as a general term for 'to lower' something other than price.
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'인하하다' is specifically for prices, costs, fees, or taxes.
You cannot use '인하하다' to lower volume, height, or quality. For those, you would use '낮추다' or '내리다'. Example: Wrong - '목소리를 인하하다.' Correct - '목소리를 낮추다.'
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Forgetting the object particle '을/를' when using '인하하다'.
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The noun indicating what is being lowered must be followed by the object particle.
The sentence structure typically requires an object particle. Example: Wrong - '회사는 가격 인하했다.' Correct - '회사는 가격을 인하했다.'
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Using '인하하다' when the price is being raised.
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Use '인상하다' to mean 'to raise prices'.
'인하하다' means to lower, and '인상하다' means to raise. They are direct opposites. Example: Wrong - '경쟁사 때문에 가격을 인하했다.' (if the intention was to raise prices due to competition). Correct - '경쟁사 때문에 가격을 인상했다.'
Tips
Understand the Seller's Intent
When you encounter '인하하다', remember it's an action taken by the seller or provider. It's usually a deliberate business decision, not a spontaneous event. Think about *why* they might be lowering prices: to attract customers, clear stock, compete, or respond to economic factors.
Distinguish from '할인하다'
While both lead to lower prices, '인하하다' often implies a more permanent or strategic adjustment to the base price, whereas '할인하다' is typically for temporary sales or discounts. Recognizing this difference will help you understand nuanced commercial messages.
Use the Object Particle Correctly
The item whose price is being lowered (e.g., '가격' - price, '요금' - fee) should be marked with the object particle '을/를'. For example, '회사는 가격을 인하했습니다.' is correct, while '회사는 가격 인하했습니다.' is grammatically incomplete.
Focus on the 'ㅎ' Sound
The 'ㅎ' (h) sound in '인하하다' can be slightly aspirated. Practice saying it clearly but not too forcefully. Pay attention to the vowel sounds as well to ensure natural pronunciation.
Visual Association
Picture a downward-pointing arrow (representing '하' - down) superimposed on a price tag. This visual cue can help you remember that '인하하다' means to lower prices.
Formal vs. Informal
'인하하다' is generally considered more formal and appropriate for business contexts and official announcements. In casual conversations, people might use more informal terms like '깎다' (to haggle) or '싸게 하다' (to make cheap).
Know the Opposite
Understanding the opposite, '인상하다' (to raise prices), can solidify the meaning of '인하하다'. Knowing both allows you to comprehend discussions about price fluctuations more effectively.
Common Companions
Learn common phrases like '가격 인하' (price reduction), '대폭 인하' (significant reduction), and '소폭 인하' (slight reduction). These collocations are frequently used together and will help you sound more natural.
Create Your Own Sentences
Try writing sentences about lowering prices in different scenarios: a store sale, a government policy, a company strategy. This active recall is crucial for mastering the word.
Economic Significance
'인하하다' is a key term in understanding Korean economic news and consumer culture. Recognizing its usage helps you grasp discussions about inflation, sales, and market dynamics.
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Imagine a price tag that is 'in' a downward spiral, 'ha'ppily going lower and lower. The 'ha' sound can also remind you of a sigh of relief from a shopper seeing a lower price.
Visual Association
Picture a staircase with prices going down each step. Or, visualize a downward-pointing arrow next to a price tag. The arrow visually represents '하' (down).
Word Web
Challenge
Try to think of three different scenarios where a business might decide to '인하하다' a price. For each scenario, write a short sentence in Korean using '인하하다' in the correct tense and politeness level.
Word Origin
The word '인하하다' is derived from Chinese characters. '인(引)' means 'to draw' or 'to lead', and '하(下)' means 'down' or 'below'. Together, '인하(引下)' literally means 'to lead down' or 'to bring down'. This etymology directly reflects the meaning of lowering prices or costs.
Original meaning: To bring down; to lower.
Sino-Korean (derived from Hanja)Cultural Context
Announcing price reductions is generally seen positively by consumers. However, the context matters. If a company is '인하하다' prices due to severe financial distress, it might be perceived differently than a strategic promotional '인하'.
In English-speaking countries, similar concepts are expressed through terms like 'price reduction,' 'discount,' 'sale,' 'lowering prices,' or 'cutting costs.' The specific verb 'to lower prices' is most direct, while 'discount' is common for temporary offers.
Practice in Real Life
Real-World Contexts
Announcements for sales events in stores.
- 가격 인하 행사
- 최대 50% 인하
- 모든 상품 인하
- 기간 한정 인하
News reports about economic policies or market trends.
- 정부의 가격 인하 정책
- 물가 인하를 위한 노력
- 가격 인하 압력
- 원가 절감으로 인한 인하
Business meetings discussing pricing strategies.
- 가격 인하 결정
- 경쟁사 대비 인하
- 수익성 고려한 인하
- 가격 인하 효과 분석
Advertisements for services (e.g., telecommunications, utilities).
- 월 요금 인하
- 특별 요금 인하
- 신규 가입자 요금 인하
- 서비스 요금 인하
Discussions about inflation or cost of living.
- 물가 인하가 시급하다
- 가격 인하를 기대하다
- 체감 물가 인하
Conversation Starters
"Have you seen any good sales or price reductions lately?"
"What do you think about the recent price changes for [specific product/service]?"
"If you were a business owner, when would you decide to lower prices?"
"Do you think lowering prices always leads to more sales?"
"What's the biggest price reduction you've ever seen?"
Journal Prompts
Describe a time you benefited from a price reduction. How did it make you feel?
Imagine you are a store manager. What reasons would prompt you to lower prices for your products?
Write a short advertisement announcing a price reduction for a fictional product. Use the phrase '인하하다'.
Compare and contrast '인하하다' and '할인하다'. When would you use each word?
Reflect on the economic impact of widespread price reductions. What are the pros and cons?
Frequently Asked Questions
10 questionsThe most common and appropriate verb for 'to lower prices' in a commercial or economic context is '인하하다' (inhada). It is widely used by businesses and in news reports. For example, '회사는 가격을 인하했습니다.' (The company lowered prices.)
While '인하하다' can be used for price reductions during sales, it often implies a more fundamental or significant lowering of the base price. For temporary discounts or sales promotions, '할인하다' (harinhada - to discount) is often more frequently used. For example, '이번 주말에는 모든 상품을 20% 할인합니다.' (This weekend, we are discounting all products by 20%.)
No, a customer typically does not '인하하다' a price. Customers might ask to '깎다' (kkakkda - to haggle) or request a discount. '인하하다' is an action performed by the seller or provider to lower the price.
The direct opposite of '인하하다' is '인상하다' (insanghada), which means 'to raise prices'. For example, '원자재 가격 상승으로 인해 제품 가격을 인상했습니다.' (Due to rising raw material prices, we raised product prices.)
The noun form is '인하' (inha), which means 'reduction' or 'lowering'. It's often used in phrases like '가격 인하' (price reduction), '요금 인하' (fee reduction), or '세금 인하' (tax reduction).
'인하하다' is specific to commercial price/cost reductions and is more formal. '내리다' and '낮추다' are more general verbs for 'to lower' and can be used in informal contexts or for things other than prices. For business announcements or news, '인하하다' is preferred.
Yes, '인하하다' is very common in contexts like announcing sales events, government policies for price stabilization, economic news about market trends, and business strategies for increasing competitiveness or clearing inventory.
You can use adverbs. '대폭 인하하다' means 'to significantly lower prices', and '소폭 인하하다' means 'to slightly lower prices'. For example, '정부가 유류세를 대폭 인하했습니다.' (The government significantly lowered oil taxes.)
'가격 인하' refers to a reduction in the base price, often more permanent. '할인' typically refers to a temporary discount applied to the price, like a percentage off during a sale. A store might '인하하다' prices and then offer a further '할인'.
No, '인하하다' is specifically used for reducing prices, costs, fees, taxes, or similar monetary values. For lowering quality or standards, you would use verbs like '낮추다' (nachuda) or '떨어뜨리다' (tteoreotteurida).
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Summary
The Korean verb '인하하다' is essential for understanding commercial transactions, signifying a deliberate reduction in prices by sellers to attract customers or manage inventory.
- A verb meaning to lower prices or costs.
- Used by businesses to make items cheaper.
- Common during sales and promotions.
- The opposite of 'to raise prices'.
Understand the Seller's Intent
When you encounter '인하하다', remember it's an action taken by the seller or provider. It's usually a deliberate business decision, not a spontaneous event. Think about *why* they might be lowering prices: to attract customers, clear stock, compete, or respond to economic factors.
Distinguish from '할인하다'
While both lead to lower prices, '인하하다' often implies a more permanent or strategic adjustment to the base price, whereas '할인하다' is typically for temporary sales or discounts. Recognizing this difference will help you understand nuanced commercial messages.
Use the Object Particle Correctly
The item whose price is being lowered (e.g., '가격' - price, '요금' - fee) should be marked with the object particle '을/를'. For example, '회사는 가격을 인하했습니다.' is correct, while '회사는 가격 인하했습니다.' is grammatically incomplete.
Focus on the 'ㅎ' Sound
The 'ㅎ' (h) sound in '인하하다' can be slightly aspirated. Practice saying it clearly but not too forcefully. Pay attention to the vowel sounds as well to ensure natural pronunciation.
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