걱정시키다 in 30 Seconds
- Causes worry in others.
- The opposite of comforting someone.
- Action of making someone anxious.
- Used when your actions lead to others' concern.
The Korean verb 걱정시키다 (geokjeongsikida) is used when you want to express the idea of causing someone to feel worried or anxious. It's the causative form of the verb 걱정하다 (geokjeonghada), which means 'to worry'. So, if someone or something makes you worry, they are 걱정시키다 you.
This word is very common in everyday Korean conversations. You might hear it when a parent is talking about their child's health or behavior, when a friend is concerned about another friend's situation, or even when discussing news that might cause widespread unease. It implies that an action or situation has resulted in another person experiencing negative emotions related to concern or apprehension.
Consider the nuance: 걱정하다 is about feeling worry yourself. 걱정시키다 is about *imposing* that feeling onto someone else. For example, a child might worry about their exams (시험을 걱정하다), but if they consistently get bad grades, they might worry their parents (부모님을 걱정시키다).
The intensity of the worry can vary. It can range from a mild concern to significant anxiety. The context will usually make it clear how strong the feeling of worry being caused is. It's a versatile verb that appears in many different scenarios, from personal relationships to broader societal issues. The key is that there is an active agent (or a situation) that is the source of the worry experienced by another.
Think about situations where you might be the cause of someone else's worry. Did you come home late without calling? You might have worried your family. Did you take on too much work and seem stressed? You might be worrying your colleagues. This verb captures that act of being the instigator of someone else's concern. It's a fundamental part of expressing interpersonal emotional impact in Korean.
Using 걱정시키다 correctly involves understanding its grammatical structure and the typical sentence patterns it appears in. As a verb, it conjugates like other Korean verbs. The subject of the sentence is the person or thing causing the worry, and the object is the person being made to worry.
The basic structure is: [Cause of worry] + (은/는) + [Person being worried] + (을/를) + 걱정시키다. The particles 은/는 and 을/를 are crucial for indicating the subject and object, respectively. For instance, 'The news worried the citizens' would be '그 뉴스는 시민들을 걱정시켰다 (geu nyuseuneun simindeureul geokjeongsikyeotda)'.
It's also common to use -게 하다 (-ge hada), another causative structure, with the verb stem 걱정하-, resulting in 걱정하게 하다 (geokjeonghage hada). While 걱정시키다 is more direct and perhaps slightly more common for causing worry, 걱정하게 하다 is also perfectly acceptable and carries a very similar meaning.
Consider the tense. You can use it in the present, past, or future. For example, 'You are worrying me' would be '나를 걱정시키고 있어요 (nareul geokjeongsikigo isseoyo)'. 'You worried me yesterday' is '어제 나를 걱정시켰어요 (eoje nareul geokjeongsikyeosseoyo)'. And 'You will worry me' is '나를 걱정시킬 거예요 (nareul geokjeongsikil geoyeyo)'.
The verb can also be used in more complex sentences, often with conjunctions or subordinate clauses. For example, 'I don't want to worry my parents, so I will study hard' could be translated as '부모님을 걱정시키고 싶지 않아서 열심히 공부할 거예요 (bumonimeul geokjeongsikigo sipji anaseo yeolsimhi gongbuhal geoyeyo)'. Here, 걱정시키고 싶지 않아서 (because I don't want to make them worry) functions as a reason clause.
When discussing potential future actions, you might use it with modal verbs or expressions. 'Don't do anything that might worry the teacher' would be '선생님을 걱정시킬 만한 일은 하지 마세요 (seonsaengnimeul geokjeongsikil manhan ireun haji maseyo)'. This emphasizes preventing actions that could lead to worry.
Understanding the subject-object relationship is key. If you are the one causing worry, you are the subject. If you are the one feeling worried, you are the object. This distinction is vital for accurate sentence construction. The verb itself carries the meaning of actively inducing a state of concern in someone else.
You'll encounter 걱정시키다 in a wide array of everyday Korean situations, reflecting its fundamental role in expressing concern and anxiety. It's not confined to formal speeches or academic texts; rather, it's a staple in casual conversations, family discussions, and even in media.
Family Conversations: This is perhaps the most common domain. Parents frequently use it when talking about their children's well-being. For example, a mother might say to her child, '시험 잘 봐. 엄마를 걱정시키지 마. (Siheom jal bwa. Eommareul geokjeongsikiji ma.)' which means 'Do well on your exam. Don't make mom worry.' Conversely, a child might say, '어제 늦게 들어와서 아빠를 걱정시켰어요. (Eoje neutge deureowaseo appareul geokjeongsikyeosseoyo.)' meaning 'I made dad worry because I came home late yesterday.'
Friendships: When friends are concerned about each other's health, relationships, or future, this verb comes into play. '네가 아프다는 소식을 듣고 정말 걱정시켰어. (Nega apeudaneun sosigeul deutgo jeongmal geokjeongsikyeosseo.)' meaning 'Hearing that you were sick really worried me.' Or, '그렇게 무리하면 건강을 걱정시킬 수 있어. (Geureoke muriha myeon geongangeul geokjeongsikil su isseo.)' meaning 'If you push yourself too hard, you might make yourself worry (or cause worry about your health)..'
News and Media: News reports often use this verb to describe the impact of events on the public. 'The economic downturn is causing widespread worry among citizens.' might be translated as '경기 침체가 시민들에게 큰 걱정을 시키고 있다. (Gyeonggi chimchaega simindeurege keun geokjeongeul sikigo itda.)' or more directly using the verb, '경기 침체가 시민들을 많이 걱정시키고 있다. (Gyeonggi chimchaega simindeureul mani geokjeongsikigo itda.)'
Workplace: Colleagues might express concern about a project's delay or a team member's stress levels. 'Your constant overtime is worrying the team leader.' could be '당신의 잦은 야근이 팀장님을 걱정시키고 있어요. (Dangsine jajeun yageuni timjangnimeul geokjeongsikigo isseoyo.)'
Public Announcements and Warnings: Official warnings or advice might use this verb to emphasize the potential for negative consequences that would cause worry. For example, 'Please drive carefully to avoid accidents that could worry your family.' could be rendered as '가족들을 걱정시킬 사고를 예방하기 위해 안전 운전해 주세요. (Gajokdeureul geokjeongsikil sagoreul yebanghagi wihae anjeon unjeonhae juseyo.)'
In essence, any situation where one entity's actions, state, or circumstances lead to another's feeling of anxiety or concern is a prime candidate for the use of 걱정시키다. It's a verb that highlights the ripple effect of emotions in interpersonal relationships and broader societal contexts.
Learners often make a few common mistakes when using 걱정시키다, primarily stemming from confusion with the related verb 걱정하다 or misunderstanding the causative structure.
Mistake 1: Confusing 걱정하다 (to worry) with 걱정시키다 (to make someone worry).
A classic error is using 걱정시키다 when the speaker is the one feeling worried. For example, saying '저는 시험 때문에 걱정시킵니다 (Jeoneun siheom ttaemune geokjeongsikimnida)' incorrectly translates to 'I make myself worry because of the exam.' The correct way to say 'I am worried about the exam' is '저는 시험 때문에 걱정합니다 (Jeoneun siheom ttaemune geokjeonghamnida)'. Remember, 걱정하다 is for personal worry, while 걱정시키다 is for causing worry in others.
Mistake 2: Incorrect Subject-Object Assignment.
Because it's a causative verb, the subject is the one *causing* the worry, and the object is the one *experiencing* it. Learners might reverse this. For example, if a child's actions made their parent worry, the child's actions are the subject. A sentence like '아이가 부모님을 걱정시켰다 (Aiga bumonimeul geokjeongsikyeotda)' is correct: 'The child made the parents worry.' An incorrect version might try to say '부모님이 아이를 걱정시켰다' implying the parents caused the child to worry (which could be true in some contexts, but not the intended meaning here) or misassigning the particles.
Mistake 3: Overuse or Misuse of the Causative Suffix.
While -시키다 is a common causative suffix, it's not applied to every verb. Learners might try to create causative forms of verbs where it's not natural or standard. In the case of 'worry,' both 걱정하다 (verb) and 걱정 (noun) can be used to form the causative, leading to 걱정시키다. However, applying -시키다 to other unrelated verbs without understanding the rules can lead to incorrect forms.
Mistake 4: Forgetting Particles.
Korean relies heavily on particles. Failing to use the correct object particle (을/를) for the person being worried, or the correct subject particle (이/가 or 은/는) for the cause of worry, will result in an unclear or grammatically incorrect sentence. For instance, '그 소식이 나 걱정시켰다 (Geu sosigi na geokjeongsikyeotda)' is incorrect. It should be '그 소식이 나를 걱정시켰다 (Geu sosigi nareul geokjeongsikyeotda)' – 'That news worried me.'
Mistake 5: Using 걱정시키다 when a milder form of concern is meant.
걱정시키다 implies a significant level of worry or anxiety. If the situation is one of mild concern or suggestion, other phrases might be more appropriate. However, in general conversation, it's quite versatile and often used even for moderate levels of worry.
While 걱정시키다 is the most direct and common way to say 'to make someone worry,' there are other words and phrases that can convey similar meanings, sometimes with slight nuances in intensity or formality.
1. 근심하게 하다 (geunsimhage hada)
This phrase uses the noun 근심 (geunsim), which means 'anxiety,' 'worry,' or 'concern,' combined with the causative structure -하게 하다 (-hage hada). It's very similar to 걱정시키다 but can sometimes sound slightly more formal or literary. It implies causing a deeper, more persistent state of anxiety.
- Example: 그의 무책임한 행동은 많은 사람들을 근심하게 만들었다. (Geuui muchegimhan haengdongeun maneun saramdeureul geunsimhage mandeureotda.) - His irresponsible actions made many people anxious.
2. 염려시키다 (yeomnyeosikida)
Similar to 걱정시키다, 염려시키다 also means 'to cause worry' or 'to make someone concerned.' 염려 (yeomnyeo) is another word for worry or concern, often used in slightly more formal contexts than 걱정. The usage is very close to 걱정시키다.
- Example: 아이의 안전을 염려시키는 행동은 삼가야 합니다. (Aiui anjoneul yeomnyeosikineun haengdongeun samgaya hamnida.) - You should refrain from actions that might cause worry about the child's safety.
3. 불안하게 하다 (buranhage hada)
This phrase means 'to make someone feel uneasy' or 'to cause anxiety.' 불안하다 (buranhada) means 'to be uneasy' or 'to be anxious.' This focuses more on the feeling of unease or nervousness rather than the specific act of worrying about a particular outcome.
- Example: 그의 불확실한 대답은 나를 불안하게 했다. (Geuui bulhwaksilhan daedabeun nareul buranhage haetda.) - His uncertain answer made me uneasy.
4. 신경 쓰이게 하다 (singyeong sseui-ge hada)
This phrase literally means 'to make someone's nerves bothered' or 'to make someone preoccupied with something.' It implies causing someone to feel bothered, concerned, or troubled by something. It's a more colloquial and less intense way of saying you're causing someone to think about something worryingly.
- Example: 그런 사소한 일로 다른 사람을 신경 쓰이게 하지 마세요. (Geureon sasohan illo dareun sarameul singyeong sseui-ge haji maseyo.) - Don't bother other people with such trivial matters.
Comparison Table:
- Term
- 걱정시키다 (geokjeongsikida)
- Meaning
- To make someone worry; to cause anxiety. Most common and direct.
- Term
- 근심하게 하다 (geunsimhage hada)
- Meaning
- To cause anxiety or deep worry. Can be more formal.
- Term
- 염려시키다 (yeomnyeosikida)
- Meaning
- To cause concern or worry. Similar to 걱정시키다, slightly more formal.
- Term
- 불안하게 하다 (buranhage hada)
- Meaning
- To make someone uneasy or anxious. Focuses on unease.
- Term
- 신경 쓰이게 하다 (singyeong sseui-ge hada)
- Meaning
- To make someone bothered or preoccupied; to cause concern. More colloquial.
How Formal Is It?
Fun Fact
The suffix '-시키다' is one of the most common ways to form causative verbs in Korean. It can be attached to nouns (like 걱정) or to the stem of certain verbs to create a new verb meaning 'to make someone do X' or 'to cause X to happen'. This makes Korean a very productive language for creating new verbs based on existing ones.
Pronunciation Guide
- Pronouncing '걱정' as 'guk-jeong' or 'gok-jeong' with a hard 'g' sound.
- Mispronouncing the 'j' sound in 'jeong' as 'z' or 'sh'.
- Not properly separating the root verb '걱정' from the causative suffix '-시키다'.
Difficulty Rating
This word is common in everyday contexts, making it accessible for intermediate learners. Understanding the causative structure is key to accurate comprehension. It's frequently encountered in dialogues, personal narratives, and news articles.
Learners need to correctly identify the subject (cause of worry) and object (person being worried) and apply the appropriate particles. Mastering the conjugation and negative forms is also important for effective writing.
It's a frequently used verb in spoken Korean. Practicing its use in various tenses and with different subjects and objects will improve fluency. Remembering to use it for causing worry in others, not for one's own worry, is crucial.
The word is common in everyday conversations, dramas, and news. Recognizing its sound and understanding its context will help learners grasp the speaker's intent to convey that they are causing someone else concern.
What to Learn Next
Prerequisites
Learn Next
Advanced
Grammar to Know
Causative Verbs with -시키다
The suffix -시키다 is added to nouns or verb stems to create causative verbs. For example, '공부하다' (to study) becomes '공부시키다' (to make someone study). '걱정' (worry) becomes '걱정시키다' (to make someone worry).
Subject-Object Particles (은/는, 이/가, 을/를)
In sentences with '걱정시키다', the entity causing worry takes the subject marker (은/는, 이/가), and the entity experiencing worry takes the object marker (을/를). E.g., '그 소식이 나를 걱정시켰다.' (That news worried me.)
Negative Imperatives (-지 마세요)
To tell someone not to cause worry, use the pattern '-지 마세요'. E.g., '걱정시키지 마세요.' (Don't make me worry.)
Causative Verbs with -게 하다
Another common way to express causation is with the pattern '-게 하다'. For example, '걱정하다' (to worry) can form '걱정하게 하다' (to make someone worry), which is often interchangeable with '걱정시키다'.
Adverbial Clauses of Reason (-아/어서)
This clause explains the reason for causing worry. E.g., '늦어서 부모님을 걱정시켰어요.' (I made my parents worry because I was late.)
Examples by Level
아이가 아파서 걱정시켰어요.
The child was sick, so it made me worry.
Simple past tense of 걱정시키다. Subject is implied (the child's sickness).
늦어서 죄송해요. 걱정시켰죠?
I'm sorry I'm late. I made you worry, right?
Using the past tense with a question tag to confirm.
걱정시키지 마세요.
Don't make me worry.
Negative imperative: -지 마세요.
그 소식은 나를 걱정시켰다.
That news made me worry.
Direct object with 를. Simple past tense.
친구의 건강이 걱정돼요.
I am worried about my friend's health.
Note: This uses 걱정되다 (to be worried), not 걱정시키다.
아빠가 저를 걱정시켰어요.
Dad made me worry.
Subject is 아빠 (Dad), object is 저 (me).
걱정시키는 일은 하지 마.
Don't do things that make people worry.
Noun modifier form: -는.
날씨 때문에 걱정시킬 수 있어요.
It might make me worry because of the weather.
Potential form: -ㄹ 수 있다.
시험 결과가 빨리 나오지 않아서 부모님을 걱정시켰습니다.
Because the exam results didn't come out quickly, it made my parents worry.
Using -아서/어서 for reason. Formal polite ending -습니다.
그는 항상 늦어서 친구들을 걱정시키곤 했다.
He always used to make his friends worry because he was late.
Habitual past tense: -곤 했다.
갑자기 연락이 끊기면 상대방을 걱정시킬 수 있습니다.
If contact is suddenly lost, it can make the other person worry.
Conditional clause: -면. Potential form: -ㄹ 수 있다.
이번 일로 인해 많은 분들이 걱정시킬까 봐 조심했습니다.
I was careful because I was worried I might make many people worry because of this matter.
Using -ㄹ까 봐 (fear of) with the verb.
당신의 건강은 우리 모두를 걱정시키고 있어요.
Your health is making all of us worry.
Present progressive tense: -고 있다.
그녀는 일부러 나를 걱정시키려고 그런 말을 한 것 같다.
It seems like she said that intentionally to make me worry.
Intentional action: -려고 하다. Conjecture: -ㄴ/는 것 같다.
소음 때문에 이웃들을 걱정시키지 않도록 주의해야 합니다.
You must be careful not to make the neighbors worry because of the noise.
Negative imperative with caution: -지 않도록 주의하다.
그의 태도는 선생님을 걱정시키기에 충분했다.
His attitude was enough to make the teacher worry.
Sufficient to do something: -기에 충분하다.
개인 정보 유출은 사용자들을 심각하게 걱정시킬 수 있는 문제입니다.
Personal information leakage is a problem that can seriously make users worry.
Adverb 심각하게 (seriously) modifying the verb. Noun modifier -ㄹ 수 있는.
당신이 이런 식으로 행동하면 주변 사람들을 얼마나 걱정시키게 될지 생각해 보세요.
Think about how much you will make the people around you worry if you act this way.
Indirect question: -게 될지. Imperative: -아/어 보세요.
경제 불황은 서민들의 삶을 더욱더 걱정시키고 있다.
The economic recession is making the lives of ordinary people worry even more.
Adverb 더욱더 (even more) intensifying the effect. Present progressive.
그녀는 자신의 병 때문에 가족을 걱정시키고 싶지 않아 최선을 다해 밝은 모습을 보였다.
Because she didn't want to make her family worry due to her illness, she showed her brightest self by doing her best.
Reason clause - 때문에. Negative desire -고 싶지 않아. Adverbial clause -아/어서.
정부의 새로운 정책 발표는 많은 기업가들을 걱정시키기에 충분했다.
The government's announcement of new policies was enough to make many entrepreneurs worry.
Noun modifier -는. Causative structure -기에 충분했다.
사고 현장의 참혹한 모습은 목격자들로 하여금 엄청난 걱정을 시키도록 만들었다.
The horrific scene at the accident site made the witnesses feel immense worry.
Causative agent marker -로 하여금. Noun form of worry: 걱정. Adverb 엄청난 (immense).
그는 자신의 행동으로 인해 발생할 수 있는 잠재적인 문제들을 미리 걱정시키고 있었다.
He was already worrying about the potential problems that could arise from his actions.
Potential future problems -ㄹ 수 있다. Adverb 미리 (in advance).
이러한 상황은 국제 사회의 이목을 집중시키며 다양한 우려를 걱정시키고 있다.
This situation is drawing the attention of the international community and causing various concerns.
Figurative language: 이목을 집중시키다 (draw attention). Plural concerns: 다양한 우려.
미래에 대한 불확실성은 젊은 세대에게 상당한 수준의 불안감을 걱정시키고 있다.
Uncertainty about the future is causing a significant level of anxiety among the younger generation.
Abstract noun as subject: 불확실성. Adjective modifying noun: 상당한 수준의. Present progressive.
그는 자신의 건강 악화가 가족에게 미칠 영향을 미리 고려하여, 일부러 긍정적인 태도를 유지하며 그들을 걱정시키지 않으려 애썼다.
Considering in advance the impact his deteriorating health would have on his family, he intentionally maintained a positive attitude and tried hard not to make them worry.
Complex sentence structure with multiple clauses. Adverb 미리 (in advance). Intentional action -으려 애썼다.
기술 발전의 속도는 사회 전반에 걸쳐 새로운 윤리적 딜레마를 야기하며, 이는 종종 대중을 걱정시키게 하는 요인이 된다.
The speed of technological advancement is causing new ethical dilemmas across society, which often becomes a factor that makes the public worry.
Abstract noun phrase as subject. Causative verb 야기하다 (to cause). Causative structure -게 하는 요인이 되다.
정치적 불안정은 국가 경제에 치명적인 영향을 미칠 수 있으며, 이는 투자자들의 신뢰를 흔들어 그들을 심각하게 걱정시키고 있다.
Political instability can have a fatal impact on the national economy, which shakes investors' confidence and seriously makes them worry.
Figurative language: 신뢰를 흔들어 (shakes confidence). Adverb 치명적인 (fatal).
그녀는 자신의 결정이 주변 사람들에게 끼칠 파장을 미리 헤아려, 신중을 기하며 모든 가능성을 고려하여 그들을 걱정시키지 않도록 최선을 다했다.
She considered in advance the repercussions her decision might have on those around her, exercised great caution, and did her best not to make them worry by considering all possibilities.
Complex clauses with multiple participial phrases. Figurative language: 파장을 헤아려 (consider repercussions).
기후 변화에 대한 과학적 경고는 전 세계적으로 환경 문제에 대한 대중의 인식을 고취시키며, 동시에 미래 세대를 걱정시키고 있다.
Scientific warnings about climate change are raising public awareness about environmental issues globally, and at the same time, are making future generations worry.
Figurative language: 인식을 고취시키며 (raising awareness). Simultaneous action: 동시에.
사회적 불평등 심화는 공동체 구성원들 간의 갈등을 조장하고, 이는 결국 사회 전체를 불안하게 만들며 구성원들을 걱정시키게 하는 악순환을 초래한다.
The deepening of social inequality fosters conflict among community members, which ultimately leads to a vicious cycle that makes the entire society uneasy and causes members to worry.
Abstract concepts as subjects. Figurative language: 갈등을 조장하고 (fosters conflict). 악순환을 초래한다 (leads to a vicious cycle).
반복되는 실패는 개인의 자존감을 저하시킬 뿐만 아니라, 주변 사람들에게도 깊은 걱정을 시키는 요인이 될 수 있다.
Repeated failures not only lower an individual's self-esteem but can also become a factor that causes deep worry for those around them.
Structure -ㄹ 뿐만 아니라 (not only... but also). Adverb 깊은 (deep).
그의 연설은 청중들에게 깊은 성찰의 계기를 마련해주었지만, 동시에 그의 발언들이 야기할 수 있는 사회적 파장에 대한 우려를 걱정시키기도 했다.
His speech provided the audience with an opportunity for deep reflection, but at the same time, it also caused worry about the social repercussions his remarks might bring.
Figurative language: 성찰의 계기를 마련해주었지만 (provided an opportunity for reflection). Abstract noun: 파장 (repercussions).
AI 기술의 급속한 발전은 인간의 노동 시장에 대한 근본적인 질문을 던지며, 이는 수많은 직업군에 종사하는 사람들을 잠재적 실업이라는 불안감으로 걱정시키고 있다.
The rapid advancement of AI technology poses fundamental questions about the human labor market, causing people employed in numerous job sectors to worry with the anxiety of potential unemployment.
Abstract concepts: 노동 시장, 윤리적 딜레마. Figurative language: 질문을 던지며 (poses questions). Noun phrase: 잠재적 실업이라는 불안감.
전 지구적 기후 변화에 대한 과학계의 경고는 더 이상 무시할 수 없는 현실로 다가왔으며, 이는 미래 세대의 생존에 대한 근본적인 걱정을 우리 모두에게 걱정시키고 있다.
The scientific warnings about global climate change have now become an unavoidable reality, causing all of us to worry about the fundamental concerns regarding the survival of future generations.
Figurative language: 현실로 다가왔으며 (has come as a reality). Noun phrase: 미래 세대의 생존에 대한 근본적인 걱정.
정치적 양극화 현상이 심화되면서 사회적 통합을 저해하고, 이는 공동체 구성원들 간의 불신을 증폭시켜 결국 국가적 불안정이라는 심각한 상황을 야기하며 대중을 걱정시키고 있다.
As political polarization deepens, it hinders social cohesion, which ultimately amplifies distrust among community members, leading to a serious situation of national instability and causing the public to worry.
Figurative language: 정치적 양극화 (political polarization), 사회적 통합을 저해하고 (hinders social cohesion), 불신을 증폭시켜 (amplifies distrust), 국가적 불안정 (national instability).
그녀는 자신의 예술 작품을 통해 사회의 부조리를 고발하며, 이는 종종 권력층의 불편함을 야기하고 그들로 하여금 잠재적인 반발을 걱정시키도록 만든다.
She denounces the absurdities of society through her artwork, which often causes discomfort among the powerful and makes them worry about potential backlash.
Figurative language: 부조리를 고발하며 (denounces absurdities). Causative marker -로 하여금. Abstract noun: 반발 (backlash).
팬데믹 이후의 경제 회복 과정은 예상치 못한 변수들로 인해 더디게 진행되고 있으며, 이는 기업 경영진과 정부 관료들 모두에게 향후 경제 전망에 대한 깊은 걱정을 시키고 있다.
The post-pandemic economic recovery process is progressing slowly due to unexpected variables, causing both corporate executives and government officials to have deep worries about future economic prospects.
Complex sentence structure. Noun phrase: 예상치 못한 변수들. Abstract noun: 경제 전망 (economic prospects).
인공지능의 윤리적 사용에 대한 논의는 기술 발전의 속도를 따라가지 못하고 있으며, 이는 인간의 통제력을 상실할지도 모른다는 불안감을 대중에게 걱정시키고 있다.
Discussions on the ethical use of artificial intelligence are not keeping pace with the speed of technological development, causing the public to worry with the anxiety that human control might be lost.
Figurative language: 속도를 따라가지 못하고 있으며 (not keeping pace). Potential loss of control: 통제력을 상실할지도 모른다는 불안감.
역사적으로 볼 때, 급격한 사회 변혁은 기존 질서의 붕괴를 수반하며, 이는 종종 예측 불가능한 혼란을 야기하여 대중의 안전과 안녕을 걱정시키게 된다.
Historically, rapid social transformations are accompanied by the collapse of the existing order, which often causes unpredictable chaos and makes the public worry about their safety and well-being.
Figurative language: 사회 변혁 (social transformation), 기존 질서의 붕괴 (collapse of the existing order), 예측 불가능한 혼란 (unpredictable chaos). Noun phrase: 안전과 안녕 (safety and well-being).
지속적인 지정학적 긴장과 예측 불가능한 글로벌 이벤트들은 국제 금융 시장의 변동성을 증폭시키며, 이는 투자자들로 하여금 막대한 자산 손실이라는 최악의 시나리오를 걱정시키고 있다.
Persistent geopolitical tensions and unpredictable global events are amplifying the volatility of the international financial market, causing investors to worry about the worst-case scenario of immense asset loss.
Figurative language: 지정학적 긴장 (geopolitical tension), 변동성을 증폭시키며 (amplifying volatility). Abstract noun: 자산 손실 (asset loss).
인간의 존엄성과 자율성을 침해할 수 있는 인공지능의 잠재적 위험성에 대한 논의는 기술 윤리학계에서 뜨거운 감자이며, 이는 사회 전체에 걸쳐 근본적인 윤리적 딜레마를 야기하고 대중의 불안감을 걱정시키고 있다.
The discussion about the potential risks of artificial intelligence that could infringe upon human dignity and autonomy is a hot potato in the field of tech ethics, causing fundamental ethical dilemmas across society and making the public worry with anxiety.
Figurative language: 뜨거운 감자 (hot potato). Abstract nouns: 존엄성 (dignity), 자율성 (autonomy), 윤리적 딜레마 (ethical dilemma).
기후 변화로 인한 해수면 상승과 극심한 기상 이변은 해안 지역 사회의 생존 기반을 위협하며, 이는 해당 지역 주민들의 삶의 터전을 잃을지도 모른다는 절박한 걱정을 끊임없이 걱정시키고 있다.
Sea-level rise and extreme weather events due to climate change threaten the survival base of coastal communities, constantly causing the residents of those areas to worry with the desperate concern of possibly losing their livelihoods.
Figurative language: 생존 기반을 위협하며 (threaten survival base). Abstract noun: 삶의 터전 (livelihood). Adverb 절박한 (desperate), 끊임없이 (constantly).
정치적 이념의 양극화는 사회적 담론의 건강성을 훼손하고, 이는 상호 간의 불신과 적대감을 증폭시켜 결국 민주주의 체제의 근간을 흔들며 국민들의 심각한 걱정을 야기하고 있다.
The polarization of political ideologies damages the health of social discourse, amplifying mutual distrust and hostility, thereby shaking the foundations of the democratic system and causing serious worry among the people.
Figurative language: 사회적 담론의 건강성을 훼손하고 (damages the health of social discourse), 민주주의 체제의 근간을 흔들며 (shaking the foundations of the democratic system).
그녀는 자신의 예술적 표현의 자유가 사회적 규범과 충돌할 수 있다는 점을 인지하고 있었지만, 그럼에도 불구하고 진실을 탐구하려는 열망은 그녀로 하여금 잠재적인 비난과 사회적 고립이라는 위험을 감수하며 작품 활동을 이어가게 했다.
She was aware that her freedom of artistic expression could conflict with social norms, yet her desire to explore truth compelled her to continue her artistic activities, enduring the risks of potential criticism and social isolation.
Complex sentence structure with concessive clauses. Figurative language: 사회적 규범과 충돌할 수 있다는 점 (point of conflict with social norms), 진실을 탐구하려는 열망 (desire to explore truth), 잠재적인 비난과 사회적 고립 (potential criticism and social isolation).
글로벌 공급망의 취약성은 예상치 못한 지정학적 사건이나 자연재해 발생 시 즉각적으로 드러나며, 이는 전 세계 소비자들의 일상생활에 필수적인 상품들의 부족 현상을 야기하여 광범위한 불안감과 걱정을 시키고 있다.
The vulnerability of global supply chains is immediately revealed during unexpected geopolitical events or natural disasters, causing widespread anxiety and worry among consumers worldwide due to shortages of essential goods in their daily lives.
Figurative language: 공급망의 취약성 (vulnerability of supply chains). Abstract noun: 부족 현상 (shortage phenomenon).
역사적 맥락에서 볼 때, 급격한 기술 혁신은 기존 사회 구조의 근본적인 재편을 요구하며, 이는 종종 사회 구성원들 간의 정체성 혼란과 미래에 대한 불확실성을 야기하여 전반적인 사회 불안을 걱정시키게 된다.
Viewed in historical context, rapid technological innovation necessitates a fundamental restructuring of existing social structures, which often causes identity confusion among members of society and uncertainty about the future, leading to overall societal anxiety.
Figurative language: 기술 혁신 (technological innovation), 사회 구조의 근본적인 재편 (fundamental restructuring of social structures), 정체성 혼란 (identity confusion).
팬데믹 이후 국제 사회는 전례 없는 팬데믹의 재발 가능성에 대한 경각심을 고취시키고 있으며, 이는 각국 정부로 하여금 공중 보건 시스템 강화와 비상 대비 태세 구축에 대한 막대한 투자를 강요하며 미래의 위협을 걱정시키고 있다.
The international community has raised awareness of the possibility of pandemic recurrence post-pandemic, compelling governments worldwide to invest heavily in strengthening public health systems and establishing emergency preparedness, causing worry about future threats.
Figurative language: 경각심을 고취시키고 있으며 (raising awareness of the need for caution). Causative marker -로 하여금. Abstract noun: 비상 대비 태세 (emergency preparedness).
Common Collocations
Common Phrases
— Don't make me worry. (Polite imperative)
제가 괜찮으니 걱정시키지 마세요.
— Don't make me worry. (Informal imperative)
늦었지만 집에 왔으니 걱정시키지 마.
— I don't want to make you worry.
부모님을 걱정시키고 싶지 않아서 시험 결과는 바로 말씀드리지 않았어요.
— I tried not to make you worry.
아픈 것을 숨기고 걱정시키지 않으려고 노력했어요.
— To make a specific person worry.
그의 무모한 행동은 친구들을 걱정시켰다.
— To make someone worry because of something.
시험 성적 때문에 부모님을 걱정시키게 되었다.
— To end up making someone worry (often unintentionally).
결국 내 실수로 모두를 걱정시키게 되었다.
— I won't make you worry. (Promise)
앞으로는 제가 알아서 할 테니 걱정시키지 않을게요.
— To be enough to make someone worry.
그의 태도는 걱정시키기 충분했다.
— Words that cause worry.
걱정시키는 말은 하지 마세요.
Often Confused With
This is the most common confusion. '걱정하다' means 'to worry' (about oneself or a situation). '걱정시키다' means 'to make *someone else* worry'. The key difference is the causative action.
'걱정되다' means 'to be worried' (passive state). It's similar to '걱정하다' but focuses on the state of being worried rather than the act of worrying. '걱정시키다' is active causation.
This is the direct antonym, meaning 'to reassure' or 'to relieve worry.' While related to the concept of worry, it has the opposite effect.
Idioms & Expressions
— To be extremely worried or anxious, often due to suspense or a tense situation. It's about the feeling of worry itself, but the causative form can mean to make someone feel this way.
그는 시험 결과를 기다리며 마음을 졸였다. (He was extremely worried while waiting for the exam results.) Their long absence made us 마음을 졸이게 했다. (Their long absence made us extremely worried.)
Neutral/Informal— To make someone worry or fret, often due to waiting or uncertainty. It implies causing a state of anxious anticipation or longing.
아이들이 늦도록 돌아오지 않아 부모님을 애태웠다. (The parents worried because their children didn't return late.) He made his parents 애태우다 by not calling.
Neutral/Informal— Literally 'to make one's liver and gall cold.' This idiom means to frighten someone greatly or to cause extreme shock and worry.
그의 갑작스러운 사고 소식은 우리 간담을 서늘하게 했다. (The news of his sudden accident greatly frightened/worried us.) The ghost story made the children 간담을 서늘하게 하다.
Formal/Literary— Literally 'to sweat out.' While it often means to exert great effort, it can also imply causing someone to sweat with worry or anxiety due to a difficult or tense situation.
그는 면접을 보면서 진땀을 뺐다. (He sweated with worry during the interview.) The uncertainty of the situation made everyone 진땀을 빼게 했다.
Neutral/Informal— To worry deeply or fret about something, causing internal distress. Similar to '마음을 졸이다' but emphasizes the internal suffering.
사업 실패 때문에 그는 속을 태웠다. (He worried deeply about the business failure.) Her constant worrying 속을 태우게 했다 him.
Neutral/Informal— To stomp one's feet in worry or frustration. It describes the physical manifestation of intense worry.
아이의 소식이 없어 부모님은 발을 동동 굴렀다. (The parents stomped their feet in worry because there was no news of their child.) Seeing the danger, he made her 발을 동동 구르게 했다.
Neutral/Informal— To swallow dry saliva, indicating nervousness, apprehension, or intense worry.
중요한 발표를 앞두고 마른 침을 삼켰다. (I swallowed dry saliva before the important presentation, feeling nervous/worried.) The suspenseful movie made the audience 마른 침을 삼키게 했다.
Neutral/Informal— To be unable to sleep well due to worry or concern.
그녀는 다음 날 있을 시험 때문에 밤잠을 설치고 있다. (She is losing sleep because of the exam tomorrow.) The news of the crisis made everyone 밤잠을 설치게 했다.
Neutral/Informal— Similar to '마음을 졸이다,' meaning to worry intensely or feel suspense.
결과 발표를 기다리며 가슴을 졸였다. (I worried intensely while waiting for the results announcement.) The cliffhanger ending made the viewers 가슴을 졸이게 했다.
Neutral/Informal— Literally 'to dry up blood.' It means to cause extreme worry, anxiety, or distress to someone.
그의 늦은 귀가 부모님의 피를 말렸다. (His late return dried up his parents' blood (made them extremely worried).) The constant uncertainty 피를 말리게 했다 them.
Formal/LiteraryEasily Confused
Both words relate to the concept of worry and share the root '걱정'.
'걱정하다' is intransitive, meaning the subject is the one feeling the worry. '걱정시키다' is transitive and causative, meaning the subject actively causes another person (the object) to feel worry. For example, 'I worry about the exam' is '저는 시험을 걱정합니다.' But, 'My actions worried my parents' is '제 행동이 부모님을 걱정시켰습니다.'
나는 시험이 걱정된다. (I am worried about the exam.) vs. 내 행동이 부모님을 걱정시켰다. (My actions made my parents worry.)
Both '염려하다' and '걱정하다' mean 'to worry' or 'to be concerned'. '염려시키다' is the causative form of '염려하다'.
'염려하다' is often considered slightly more formal or literary than '걱정하다'. Consequently, '염려시키다' can also sound slightly more formal than '걱정시키다', though they are largely interchangeable in many contexts. The core meaning of causing worry remains the same.
그는 미래를 염려한다. (He worries about the future.) vs. 그의 미래는 우리를 염려시킨다. (His future makes us worry.)
'불안하다' means 'to be uneasy' or 'anxious', which is a state closely related to worry.
'불안하다' focuses more on a general feeling of unease, nervousness, or apprehension, often without a specific object of worry. '걱정하다' usually implies worry about a particular person, situation, or outcome. The causative '불안하게 하다' means 'to make someone uneasy'. While related, '걱정시키다' is more directly about causing 'worry' about something specific.
시험 때문에 불안하다. (I am anxious because of the exam.) vs. 그의 말은 나를 걱정시켰다. (His words made me worry [about something specific].)
This is the direct antonym, so learners might confuse the direction of the action.
'걱정시키다' means to cause worry, while '안심시키다' means to relieve worry or reassure. They represent opposite actions concerning the emotion of worry. If someone is worrying you (걱정시키다), you would want them to reassure you (안심시키다).
그는 아이를 걱정시켰다. (He worried the child.) vs. 그는 아이를 안심시켰다. (He reassured the child.)
'근심하다' means 'to be anxious' or 'to grieve', similar to worrying deeply.
'근심하다' often implies a deeper, more profound, or sorrowful type of worry or anxiety compared to the more general '걱정하다'. '근심하게 하다' means to cause this deeper anxiety or grief. While '걱정시키다' can be used for various levels of worry, '근심하게 하다' is reserved for more significant emotional distress.
그녀는 슬픔에 근심했다. (She was anxious/grieved with sadness.) vs. 그의 소식은 우리를 근심하게 했다. (His news made us deeply anxious/grieved.)
Sentence Patterns
Subject + Object + 를/을 + 걱정시키다 (past tense)
아이가 아파서 나를 걱정시켰어요.
Object + 를/을 + 걱정시키지 마세요
늦었지만 걱정시키지 마세요.
Reason (-아/어서) + Object + 를/을 + 걱정시키다
시험을 못 봐서 부모님을 걱정시켰어요.
Subject + Object + 를/을 + 걱정시키고 있다 (present progressive)
그의 행동은 우리를 걱정시키고 있어요.
Subject + Object + 를/을 + 걱정시키다 + -ㄹ까 봐
친구를 걱정시킬까 봐 아무 말도 안 했다.
Subject + Object + 를/을 + 걱정시키기에 충분하다
그의 태도는 걱정시키기에 충분했다.
Subject + Object + 를/을 + 걱정시키다 + -(으)ㄹ지도 모르다 (might worry)
이런 상황은 우리를 걱정시킬지도 몰라요.
Figurative Subject + Object + 를/을 + 걱정시키다
기술 발전은 많은 사람들을 걱정시키고 있다.
Word Family
Nouns
Verbs
Adjectives
Related
How to Use It
Very High
-
Using '걱정하다' when meaning 'to make someone worry'.
→
Using '걱정시키다'.
Learners often confuse the basic verb '걱정하다' (to worry) with its causative form '걱정시키다' (to make someone worry). If you are the one feeling worried, use '걱정하다'. If your actions are causing someone else to feel worried, use '걱정시키다'. Example: 'I worry about the test' is '시험을 걱정해요.' But, 'My actions worried my parents' is '제 행동이 부모님을 걱정시켰어요.'
-
Incorrectly assigning subject and object particles.
→
Subject (cause of worry) + 은/는 or 이/가; Object (person worried) + 을/를.
In a sentence like 'The news worried me,' 'the news' is the subject causing worry, and 'me' is the object being worried. So, it should be '그 뉴스는 나를 걱정시켰다.' A mistake might be '그 뉴스가 나 걱정시켰다' (missing particle) or reversing the roles.
-
Using '걱정시키다' when the speaker is the one feeling worried.
→
Use '걱정하다' or '걱정되다'.
It's incorrect to say 'I made myself worry' using '걱정시키다'. You should say 'I am worried' ('나는 걱정된다') or 'I worry' ('나는 걱정한다'). For example, 'I am worried about my health' is '건강이 걱정돼요,' not '내 건강을 걱정시켰어요.'
-
Forgetting the causative nature.
→
Understand that '걱정시키다' implies an active agent causing worry in another.
The verb implies one entity's actions or state directly results in another entity's feeling of anxiety. It's not just about a general state of worry, but about inducing that state in someone else. For example, 'Your lateness is worrying me' means your lateness is the cause.
-
Confusing with antonyms like '안심시키다'.
→
Use '안심시키다' for reassurance.
'걱정시키다' means to cause worry, while '안심시키다' means to relieve worry or reassure. They are opposite actions. If someone is making you worry, you might ask them to stop, or if they are trying to help, they might reassure you.
Tips
Subject-Object Clarity
Always be mindful of who is causing the worry (subject) and who is experiencing it (object). Use particles like 은/는 or 이/가 for the subject and 을/를 for the object to ensure clarity. A common mistake is reversing these roles.
Distinguish from '걱정하다'
The most frequent error for learners is confusing '걱정하다' (to worry) with '걱정시키다' (to make someone worry). Remember: '걱정하다' is about feeling worry yourself, while '걱정시키다' is about making *someone else* feel worried.
Causative Connection
Link the '-시키다' suffix to the idea of 'making' or 'causing' something to happen. Visualize someone actively pushing a 'worry cloud' onto another person to remember the causative action.
Syllable Separation
Try to pronounce each syllable distinctly, especially separating the root '걱정' from the causative suffix '-시키다'. This helps in understanding and being understood clearly.
Expressing Care
In Korean culture, expressing concern for others is a sign of affection and responsibility. Using '걱정시키다' appropriately in conversations about family and friends reflects cultural values of mutual care.
Sentence Building
Create your own sentences using '걱정시키다' in different tenses (past, present, future) and with various subjects and objects. This active practice will solidify your understanding.
Explore Antonyms
Learning the opposite action, '안심시키다' (to reassure), can help reinforce the meaning of '걱정시키다'. Understanding both sides of the interaction provides a more complete picture.
Mastering Commands
Focus on common commands like '걱정시키지 마세요' (Don't make me worry - polite) and '걱정시키지 마' (Don't make me worry - informal). These are frequently used in everyday interactions.
Beyond Direct Worry
While '걱정시키다' directly means to cause worry, it can also imply causing general anxiety, unease, or concern, depending on the context. Consider synonyms like '불안하게 하다' for a more general feeling of unease.
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Think of someone 'sick' (like 'sik' in 'sikida') making you 'geok' (like 'gasp' or 'groan' in worry) 'jeong' (like 'jingle' of worry bells). So, the 'sick' person makes you 'geok-jeong-sik-i-da' (worry). Or, imagine a 'shocking' (geok-jeong) event that 'sick' (sik) people cause, making everyone worry.
Visual Association
Imagine a person actively pushing a 'worry cloud' onto another person's head. The person pushing is the subject causing the worry, and the person receiving the cloud is the object being made to worry.
Word Web
Challenge
Try to explain to a friend in Korean why you shouldn't do something that might worry them, using the verb 걱정시키다. For example, 'If you go out late, you will worry me.' (늦게 나가면 나를 걱정시킬 거야.)
Word Origin
The word '걱정' (geokjeong) is of Sino-Korean origin, derived from the Hanja 憂慮 (우려 - uryeo) or 憂心 (우심 - usim), both meaning 'worry' or 'concern'. The addition of the causative suffix '-시키다' (-sikida) transforms the act of worrying into the act of causing worry in others.
Original meaning: 'To cause worry' or 'to make someone feel concern'.
Koreanic language family. The root word '걱정' has Chinese origins (Hanja).Cultural Context
This word directly addresses negative emotions. When using it, consider the severity of the worry caused. While it can be used for minor concerns, it can also describe profound anxiety. Be mindful of the context and your relationship with the person you are speaking to.
In English, we might say 'You're worrying me,' 'You're making me anxious,' or 'You're causing me concern.' The Korean verb '걱정시키다' encapsulates these ideas directly. It's important to note the causative nature – one person's actions or situation directly leads to another's worry.
Practice in Real Life
Real-World Contexts
A child's behavior causing parental concern.
- 걱정시키지 마세요.
- 부모님을 걱정시켰어요.
- 걱정시키고 싶지 않아요.
A friend being sick or in trouble.
- 네가 아프다는 소식에 걱정시켰어.
- 무슨 일인지 친구를 걱정시키지 마.
- 걱정시키지 않으려고 아무 말도 안 했어.
News or events causing public anxiety.
- 그 뉴스는 많은 사람들을 걱정시켰다.
- 경제 상황이 사람들을 걱정시키고 있다.
- 더 이상 국민을 걱정시키지 마십시오.
Expressing one's own intention not to cause worry.
- 걱정시키지 않을게요.
- 걱정시키지 않으려고 노력했어요.
- 걱정시키게 되지 않도록 주의할게요.
Describing someone or something that inherently causes worry.
- 그의 태도는 걱정시키기에 충분했다.
- 건강을 해치는 것은 자신을 걱정시키는 일이다.
- 이런 상황은 우리를 걱정시키게 만든다.
Conversation Starters
"Did your actions recently make someone worry?"
"What's something that commonly makes people worry in your country?"
"If you could tell someone one thing to stop them from worrying about you, what would it be?"
"When was the last time you made someone worry, and why?"
"How do you typically try to reassure someone who is worried about you?"
Journal Prompts
Write about a time you caused someone to worry. Describe the situation, your actions, and their reaction. How did it make you feel?
Think about someone you care about. What are you worried about for them? How can you express your concern without making them overly anxious?
Describe a news event that caused widespread worry in your community or country. How did it affect people's feelings and behaviors?
Reflect on a time you were worried about someone else. What did you do to try and help or comfort them?
Imagine you are going to do something that might cause your loved ones to worry. How would you prepare them or explain it to them to minimize their anxiety?
Frequently Asked Questions
10 questionsThe main difference lies in the subject and object of the worry. '걱정하다' means 'to worry' – the subject is the one feeling the worry. For example, '나는 시험을 걱정한다' (I worry about the exam). '걱정시키다' means 'to make someone else worry' – the subject is the cause of the worry, and the object is the person being made to worry. For example, '그의 행동은 나를 걱정시켰다' (His actions worried me).
No, you cannot directly use '걱정시키다' to mean you are worrying yourself. If you are feeling worried, you use '걱정하다' (e.g., '나는 걱정한다' - I worry) or '걱정되다' (e.g., '나는 걱정된다' - I am worried). '걱정시키다' always implies causing worry in *another* person or entity.
Yes, '염려시키다' (yeomnyeosikida) and '근심하게 하다' (geunsimhage hada) can be used. '염려시키다' is very similar to '걱정시키다' but can sound slightly more formal. '근심하게 하다' implies causing a deeper or more profound anxiety or sorrow, often used in more formal or literary contexts.
The most common mistake is confusing it with '걱정하다' or '걱정되다', using it when you mean you are the one feeling worried. Another mistake is incorrectly assigning the subject and object particles (은/는, 이/가 for the cause, and 을/를 for the person worried).
In polite Korean, you would say '걱정시키지 마세요' (geokjeongsikiji maseyo). In informal situations, you can say '걱정시키지 마' (geokjeongsiki ji ma).
'걱정시키다' specifically refers to causing worry about a particular thing or situation. '불안하게 하다' means 'to make someone uneasy or anxious', which is a more general feeling of unease or nervousness that might not be tied to a specific cause. While they overlap, '걱정시키다' is more direct about inducing worry.
Yes, absolutely. The subject of '걱정시키다' doesn't have to be a person. Abstract nouns like 'news' (뉴스), 'situation' (상황), or 'economic conditions' (경제 상황) can also be the subject that causes worry. For example, '그 뉴스는 많은 사람들을 걱정시켰다' (That news worried many people).
The most direct opposite is '안심시키다' (ansimsikida), which means 'to reassure' or 'to relieve someone's worries'. Other related antonyms include '위로하다' (to comfort) and '기쁘게 하다' (to make happy), as they involve inducing positive emotions instead of negative ones like worry.
The suffix '-시키다' is attached to nouns (like 걱정) or verb stems to create causative verbs, meaning 'to make someone do something' or 'to cause something to happen'. It's a very productive suffix in Korean, allowing for the creation of many new verbs.
You use '걱정시키다' when you want to emphasize that your actions or a certain situation *caused* someone else to feel worried. If you are simply stating that you are feeling worried, you would use '걱정하다' or '걱정되다'.
Test Yourself 1 questions
/ 1 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
걱정시키다 means to actively make someone else feel worried or anxious. It's the causative form of 'to worry' (걱정하다), focusing on the impact of one person's actions or circumstances on another's emotional state. For example, 'Your late arrival worried me' (너의 늦은 도착은 나를 걱정시켰어).
- Causes worry in others.
- The opposite of comforting someone.
- Action of making someone anxious.
- Used when your actions lead to others' concern.
Subject-Object Clarity
Always be mindful of who is causing the worry (subject) and who is experiencing it (object). Use particles like 은/는 or 이/가 for the subject and 을/를 for the object to ensure clarity. A common mistake is reversing these roles.
Distinguish from '걱정하다'
The most frequent error for learners is confusing '걱정하다' (to worry) with '걱정시키다' (to make someone worry). Remember: '걱정하다' is about feeling worry yourself, while '걱정시키다' is about making *someone else* feel worried.
Context is Key
While '걱정시키다' is versatile, the context will determine the intensity of the worry caused. It can range from mild concern to significant anxiety. Pay attention to surrounding words and the overall situation.
Causative Connection
Link the '-시키다' suffix to the idea of 'making' or 'causing' something to happen. Visualize someone actively pushing a 'worry cloud' onto another person to remember the causative action.
Related Content
More family words
백일
A2100th day celebration (of a baby).
환갑
A260th birthday celebration.
칠순
A270th birthday celebration.
팔순
A280th birthday celebration.
알아주다
B1To recognize/understand (feelings); to acknowledge someone's thoughts or efforts.
입양아
A2Adopted child; a child legally taken into another family.
양녀
B1Adopted daughter.
입양
A2Adoption; legally taking another's child as one's own.
귀여워하다
A2To adore, to find cute, to cherish.
정답다
A2To be affectionate; to be friendly.
