Passive 'Dai-rap'
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'dai-rap' to show that the subject is receiving an action, usually something positive or neutral.
- Use 'dai-rap' before the verb to indicate passive reception: 'Khao dai-rap kan-chuen-chom' (He received praise).
- The subject is the receiver of the action, not the doer.
- Unlike English passive, 'dai-rap' often implies receiving something beneficial or formal.
Meanings
The 'dai-rap' construction is used to express that the subject is the recipient of an action or an object. It is the standard way to form passive-like structures in Lao.
Receiving an object
Direct receipt of a physical item.
“ຂ້ອຍໄດ້ຮັບຈົດໝາຍ.”
“ລາວໄດ້ຮັບເງິນ.”
Receiving an action/abstract
Being the recipient of an abstract concept like praise or news.
“ລາວໄດ້ຮັບການຍ້ອງຍໍ.”
“ພວກເຮົາໄດ້ຮັບຂ່າວດີ.”
Dai-rap Formation
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Affirmative | Sub + dai-rap + Obj | Khoy dai-rap ngern |
| Negative | Sub + bo-dai-rap + Obj | Khoy bo-dai-rap ngern |
| Question | Sub + dai-rap + Obj + bor? | Khoy dai-rap ngern bor? |
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Affirmative | S + dai-rap + V | Khao dai-rap kham-chom |
| Negative | S + bo-dai-rap + V | Khao bo-dai-rap kham-chom |
| Question | S + dai-rap + V + bor | Khao dai-rap kham-chom bor |
| Past | S + dai-rap + V + laew | Khao dai-rap kham-chom laew |
| Future | S + cha-dai-rap + V | Khao cha-dai-rap kham-chom |
Espectro de formalidade
ຂ້າພະເຈົ້າໄດ້ຮັບຂອງຂວັນ. (Receiving a gift)
ຂ້ອຍໄດ້ຮັບຂອງຂວັນ. (Receiving a gift)
ໄດ້ຮັບຂອງຂວັນແລ້ວ. (Receiving a gift)
ໄດ້ຂອງຂວັນລະ. (Receiving a gift)
Dai-rap Usage
Objects
- Ngern Money
Actions
- Kan-chuen-chom Praise
Examples by Level
ຂ້ອຍໄດ້ຮັບຂອງຂວັນ.
I received a gift.
ລາວໄດ້ຮັບເງິນ.
He received money.
ພວກເຮົາໄດ້ຮັບການຊ່ວຍເຫຼືອ.
We received help.
ນັກຮຽນໄດ້ຮັບການຍ້ອງຍໍ.
The student received praise.
ບໍລິສັດໄດ້ຮັບການສະໜັບສະໜູນ.
The company received support.
ໂຄງການນີ້ໄດ້ຮັບການອະນຸມັດ.
This project received approval.
Easily Confused
Both are passive markers.
Lao prefers active.
Dai means 'can'.
Erros comuns
Khoy thuk ngern
Khoy dai-rap ngern
Dai-rap khoy ngern
Khoy dai-rap ngern
Khoy dai-rap
Khoy dai-rap ngern
Khoy dai-rap thuk
Khoy dai-rap
Khoy dai-rap thuk ti
Khoy thuk ti
Khoy dai-rap bor ngern
Khoy bo-dai-rap ngern
Khoy dai-rap kan-chuen-chom
Khoy dai-rap kan-chuen-chom
Khao dai-rap kan-long-thot
Khao thuk long-thot
Dai-rap khong-khwan khoy
Khoy dai-rap khong-khwan
Khoy dai-rap kan-chuen-chom
Khoy dai-rap kan-chuen-chom
Khao dai-rap kan-pat-set
Khao thuk pat-set
Khoy dai-rap kan-chuen-chom
Khoy dai-rap kan-chuen-chom
Sentence Patterns
Khoy dai-rap ___.
Khao dai-rap kan-___.
___ dai-rap kham-chom.
Khoy bo-dai-rap ___.
Real World Usage
Khoy dai-rap khong-khwan laew.
Khoy dai-rap kan-fuk-ob-rom.
Khoy dai-rap kham-chom.
Khoy dai-rap a-han laew.
Khrong-kan dai-rap kan-a-nu-mat.
Khoy dai-rap tua-khrueang-bin.
Use for Positives
Don't Overuse
Formal Writing
Politeness
Smart Tips
Use 'dai-rap' to sound professional.
Always use 'dai-rap' for receiving.
Switch to 'thuk'.
Add 'bor' at the end.
Pronúncia
Dai-rap
The 'd' is soft, 'ai' is a diphthong, 'r' is tapped.
Statement
Khoy dai-rap ngern.
Falling tone at the end.
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Dai-rap is for the 'Good' stuff you 'Get'.
Visual Association
Imagine a person standing with open hands receiving a golden trophy. The word 'Dai-rap' is written in the air above their hands.
Rhyme
When you get something nice, use dai-rap to be precise.
Story
Somchai worked hard. He received a medal. He said, 'Khoy dai-rap rian-thong'.
Word Web
Desafio
Write 3 sentences about things you received today using 'dai-rap'.
Notas culturais
Receiving things with two hands is polite. 'Dai-rap' reflects this respectful reception.
Dai-rap is a compound of 'dai' (get) and 'rap' (accept).
Conversation Starters
What did you receive today?
Have you received the news?
Did the project receive approval?
How do you feel about receiving praise?
Journal Prompts
Test Yourself
Khoy ___ ngern.
Which is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
Khoy thuk khong-khwan.
Khoy dai-rap ngern.
Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:
dai-rap / khoy / ngern
Formal report: ___.
Nang ___ kan-chuen-chom.
Score: /8
Exercicios praticos
8 exercisesKhoy ___ ngern.
Which is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
Khoy thuk khong-khwan.
Khoy dai-rap ngern.
Match 'dai-rap'.
dai-rap / khoy / ngern
Formal report: ___.
Nang ___ kan-chuen-chom.
Score: /8
Perguntas frequentes (8)
It means to receive or get something.
No, use 'thuk' for negative things.
Yes, it is very common in formal writing.
After the subject and before the verb/object.
Add 'bo' before 'dai-rap'.
Yes, it is almost identical.
You can, but active voice is more common.
No, use 'laew' at the end for past.
In Other Languages
Recibir
Spanish conjugates for person.
Recevoir
French has complex conjugation.
Erhalten
German uses cases.
Ukeru
Japanese uses particles.
Istalama
Arabic is root-based.
Shoudao
Chinese uses different tones.
