A2 Sentence Structure 1 min read Easy

Cardinal Numbers: Counting from 1 to 100 in Portuguese

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Portuguese cardinal numbers 1-100 follow specific gender rules for 'one' and 'two', while others remain invariant.

  • The numbers 'um' (1) and 'dois' (2) change gender to match the noun: 'um carro' vs 'uma casa'.
  • Numbers from 21 to 99 use the conjunction 'e' to connect tens and units: 'vinte e um'.
  • Numbers 16-19 are formed by adding 'dez' (10) to the unit: 'dez' + 'seis' = 'dezesseis'.
Number + Noun (e.g., 3 + maçãs = três maçãs)

Overview

Portuguese numbers 1-20 must be memorized. From 21 on, combine with "e" (and): vinte e um (21), trinta e dois (32). Hundreds agree in gender: duzentos/duzentas. Note: 1 and 2 have gender forms: um/uma, dois/duas.

Cardinal Numbers 1-100

Number Portuguese Gender Agreement
1
um/uma
Yes
2
dois/duas
Yes
3
três
No
10
dez
No
16
dezesseis
No
20
vinte
No
21
vinte e um/uma
Yes (for 'um')
50
cinquenta
No
100
cem
No

Meanings

Cardinal numbers are used to express quantity or count items. They function as adjectives or pronouns in Portuguese sentences.

1

Counting objects

Used to quantify nouns.

“Comprei cinco laranjas.”

“Tenho dois irmãos.”

2

Age and Time

Used to state age or clock time.

“Tenho trinta anos.”

“São dez horas.”

3

Prices and Measurements

Used for currency and physical dimensions.

“Custa dez reais.”

“O peso é de oitenta quilos.”

Reference Table

Reference table for Cardinal Numbers: Counting from 1 to 100 in Portuguese
Form Structure Example
Simple
Number + Noun
três carros
Compound
Ten + e + Unit
vinte e cinco
Gendered
um/uma + Noun
um livro / uma mesa
Gendered
dois/duas + Noun
dois livros / duas mesas
Age
Ter + Number + anos
Tenho vinte anos
Time
São + Number + horas
São dez horas

Formality Spectrum

Formal
Tenho vinte e um anos.

Tenho vinte e um anos. (Age)

Neutral
Tenho vinte e um anos.

Tenho vinte e um anos. (Age)

Informal
Tô com vinte e um.

Tô com vinte e um. (Age)

Slang
Tenho vinte e um.

Tenho vinte e um. (Age)

Number Gender Agreement

Number

Masculine

  • um one
  • dois two

Feminine

  • uma one
  • duas two

Examples by Level

1

Eu tenho um gato.

I have one cat.

2

Dois cafés, por favor.

Two coffees, please.

3

Ela tem três irmãs.

She has three sisters.

4

São dez horas.

It is ten o'clock.

1

Vinte e um anos.

Twenty-one years old.

2

Custa quarenta e cinco reais.

It costs 45 reais.

3

Tenho duas casas.

I have two houses.

4

Oitenta e oito páginas.

Eighty-eight pages.

1

O projeto custou noventa e nove mil.

The project cost 99 thousand.

2

Ele chegou às dezesseis horas.

He arrived at 16:00.

3

Temos trinta e dois participantes.

We have 32 participants.

4

Ela tem setenta e sete anos.

She is 77 years old.

1

A taxa de juros é de doze por cento.

The interest rate is 12 percent.

2

Precisamos de cinquenta e quatro unidades.

We need 54 units.

3

O evento reuniu sessenta e seis pessoas.

The event gathered 66 people.

4

Vinte e nove por cento da população.

29 percent of the population.

1

O orçamento foi reduzido em trinta e três por cento.

The budget was reduced by 33 percent.

2

Ele completou o percurso em quarenta e oito minutos.

He completed the course in 48 minutes.

3

São necessárias cinquenta e duas assinaturas.

52 signatures are required.

4

A empresa tem setenta e quatro filiais.

The company has 74 branches.

1

A probabilidade é de vinte e seis por cento.

The probability is 26 percent.

2

O documento data de mil novecentos e noventa e cinco.

The document dates from 1995.

3

Foram coletadas oitenta e cinco amostras.

85 samples were collected.

4

A margem de erro é de dezessete por cento.

The margin of error is 17 percent.

Easily Confused

Cardinal Numbers: Counting from 1 to 100 in Portuguese vs Cardinal vs Ordinal

Learners use 'um' instead of 'primeiro'.

Cardinal Numbers: Counting from 1 to 100 in Portuguese vs Um vs Uma

Learners ignore noun gender.

Cardinal Numbers: Counting from 1 to 100 in Portuguese vs Cem vs Cento

Using 'cem' for numbers over 100.

Common Mistakes

um mesa

uma mesa

Mesa is feminine.

dois casas

duas casas

Casas is feminine.

vinte um

vinte e um

Missing the 'e' connector.

uma livro

um livro

Livro is masculine.

vinte e duas livros

vinte e dois livros

Only the unit 'dois' changes.

trinta e uma carros

trinta e um carros

Carros is masculine.

catorze

quatorze

Regional spelling variation.

cem e um

cento e um

Use 'cento' for numbers over 100.

duzentos e duas pessoas

duzentas e duas pessoas

The hundreds must also agree.

três centos

trezentos

Spelling error.

mil e um

mil e um

Correct, but watch for gender.

milhares de pessoas

milhares de pessoas

Correct, but watch for pluralization.

um milhão de

um milhão de

Correct, but watch for 'de'.

duas mil

dois mil

Mil is masculine.

Sentence Patterns

Eu tenho ___ anos.

Eu comprei ___ maçãs.

São ___ horas.

O custo é de ___ reais.

Real World Usage

Ordering food constant

Duas pizzas, por favor.

Social media very common

Tenho vinte e dois anos!

Job interviews common

Tenho cinco anos de experiência.

Travel common

Quero dois bilhetes.

Food delivery apps constant

Três hambúrgueres.

Banking common

Cinquenta reais na conta.

💡

Gender Check

Always look at the noun ending before saying 'um' or 'dois'.
⚠️

The 'e' Connector

Don't forget the 'e' between tens and units.
🎯

Practice Out Loud

Numbers are about muscle memory; say them while walking.
💬

Regional Pronunciation

Be aware that 'dezesseis' sounds different in Lisbon vs Rio.

Smart Tips

Check the noun gender first.

Um mesa. Uma mesa.

Always include the 'e'.

Vinte dois. Vinte e dois.

Use 'ter' (to have).

Sou vinte anos. Tenho vinte anos.

Use 'cento'.

Cem e um. Cento e um.

Pronunciation

vinte -> vin-chi

Vowel reduction

Final 'e' is often pronounced as 'i' in Brazil.

dez -> des

Z sound

The 'z' in 'dez' is pronounced like 's' at the end of a word.

Rising

Vinte e um? ↑

Clarification or question

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Remember: 'Um' and 'Uma' are like 'A' and 'An' in English, but they also mean 'One'.

Visual Association

Imagine a giant '1' wearing a top hat (masculine) and a giant '1' wearing a dress (feminine).

Rhyme

Um, dois, três, quatro, cinco, seis, sete, oito, nove, dez, agora você sabe a vez!

Story

I have one (um) dog and two (dois) cats. My friend has one (uma) house and two (duas) cars. We are counting everything we see today!

Word Web

umdoistrêsdezvintecem

Challenge

Count all the objects in your room in Portuguese for 5 minutes.

Cultural Notes

Numbers are often shortened in speech, especially prices.

Pronunciation is more closed; 'catorze' is preferred over 'quatorze'.

Similar to Portugal, but with local rhythmic influence.

Portuguese numbers derive from Latin numerals.

Conversation Starters

Quantos anos você tem?

Quantas pessoas moram com você?

Quanto custa esse café?

Quantos livros você leu este ano?

Journal Prompts

Describe your family members and their ages.
List 10 things you bought today and their prices.
Write about your daily routine using numbers for time.
Discuss a project or goal using percentages.

Common Mistakes

Incorrect

Correct


Incorrect

Correct


Incorrect

Correct


Incorrect

Correct

Test Yourself

Fill in the blank.

Eu tenho ___ (1) gato.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: um
Gato is masculine.
Choose the correct form. Multiple Choice

___ (2) mesas.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: duas
Mesas is feminine.
Fix the error. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Vinte um anos.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Vinte e um
Needs the 'e' connector.
Reorder the words. Sentence Building

anos / vinte / tenho / e / um.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Tenho vinte e um anos.
Correct word order.
Write the number. Conjugation Drill

How do you say 45?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: quarenta e cinco
Correct compound number.
Match the number to the word. Match Pairs

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: dezesseis
Correct spelling.
Is this true? True False Rule

Numbers 3-100 change gender.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
Only 1 and 2 change.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Quantos anos? B: Tenho ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: vinte e dois
Age is masculine.

Score: /8

Practice Exercises

8 exercises
Fill in the blank.

Eu tenho ___ (1) gato.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: um
Gato is masculine.
Choose the correct form. Multiple Choice

___ (2) mesas.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: duas
Mesas is feminine.
Fix the error. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Vinte um anos.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Vinte e um
Needs the 'e' connector.
Reorder the words. Sentence Building

anos / vinte / tenho / e / um.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Tenho vinte e um anos.
Correct word order.
Write the number. Conjugation Drill

How do you say 45?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: quarenta e cinco
Correct compound number.
Match the number to the word. Match Pairs

16

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: dezesseis
Correct spelling.
Is this true? True False Rule

Numbers 3-100 change gender.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
Only 1 and 2 change.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Quantos anos? B: Tenho ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: vinte e dois
Age is masculine.

Score: /8

FAQ (8)

No, only 'um' and 'dois' change.

Vinte e um.

Both are used, depending on the region.

It depends on the gender of the noun you are counting.

Yes, in writing, digits are common.

Cem.

Use 'cem' for 100, 'cento' for 101+.

No, they are not capitalized unless at the start of a sentence.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Spanish high

uno, dos, tres

Spelling of numbers like 14 (catorze vs catorce).

French moderate

un, deux, trois

French uses a base-20 system for some numbers.

German low

eins, zwei, drei

German reverses units and tens (e.g., 21 is 'one and twenty').

Japanese none

ichi, ni, san

Japanese uses counters based on object type.

Arabic low

wahid, ithnan, thalatha

Arabic gender agreement is reversed (masculine number with feminine noun).

Chinese none

yī, èr, sān

No gender agreement in numbers.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

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