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A2 noun 11 min read

modernidade

Examples
Explanation modernidade in your Level:
At the A1 level, you can think of 'modernidade' as a word for 'new things' or 'modern times.' Even though it's a big word, it's easy to understand because it looks like 'modernity' in English. At this stage, you will mostly see it in simple sentences about technology or cities. For example, 'A modernidade é boa' (Modernity is good) or 'Eu gosto da modernidade' (I like modernity). You don't need to worry about the deep philosophical meanings yet. Just remember that it is a feminine word, so you always use 'a' before it. It's used to talk about things that are not old. If you see a new phone or a fast train, you can think of the word 'modernidade.' It's a way to describe the world we live in today. In your first Portuguese lessons, you might learn words like 'carro' (car), 'casa' (house), and 'cidade' (city). You can use 'modernidade' to describe these: 'A modernidade das cidades' (The modernity of the cities). It's a useful noun to have in your vocabulary to express that you like or notice contemporary things. Don't be afraid of its length; it's a very common and useful word even for beginners. Just focus on the fact that it means 'the quality of being modern.' When you travel to a big city like São Paulo or Lisbon, you will see a lot of 'modernidade' in the tall buildings and the busy streets. It's a positive word most of the time at this level, associated with progress and cool new gadgets. Remember: a modernidade (feminine).
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At the A2 level, you start to use 'modernidade' in slightly more complex ways. You can use it to compare the past with the present. For example, 'Antigamente era diferente, hoje temos a modernidade' (In the past it was different, today we have modernity). You will notice that 'modernidade' is a noun, while 'moderno' is the adjective. This is an important distinction at this level. You might say 'O prédio é moderno' (The building is modern) or 'O prédio tem modernidade' (The building has modernity). You will also start to see it in common phrases like 'os benefícios da modernidade' (the benefits of modernity). At A2, you are expanding your ability to describe the world, and 'modernidade' helps you talk about the fast pace of life. You might hear people say 'A modernidade traz facilidades' (Modernity brings conveniences). You should also be aware of the pronunciation, especially the '-dade' ending which can sound like 'daji' in Brazil. This word will appear in magazine articles about lifestyle, fashion, and technology. It's a great word to use when you want to sound a bit more sophisticated than just saying 'coisas novas' (new things). You can also use it to talk about your own preferences: 'Eu prefiro a modernidade à tradição' (I prefer modernity to tradition). This shows you can handle abstract concepts and feminine noun agreements correctly. Keep practicing how to link 'modernidade' with other words using 'de' (da modernidade) and 'com' (com a modernidade). It's a building block for talking about society and changes in a simple but effective way.
By the B1 level, you should be comfortable using 'modernidade' to discuss social changes and personal opinions in more detail. You can talk about the 'desafios da modernidade' (challenges of modernity), such as stress or the lack of time. At this stage, you can use the word to express more nuanced views. For example, 'Apesar da modernidade, ainda temos muitos problemas' (Despite modernity, we still have many problems). You will encounter this word in news reports, blog posts, and documentaries. It's often used to contrast urban and rural life. You might read a text about how 'a modernidade chegou ao campo' (modernity arrived in the countryside), meaning that technology and modern infrastructure are now available in rural areas. You should also be able to use related words like 'modernizar' (to modernize) and 'modernização' (modernization) alongside 'modernidade'. This shows a deeper understanding of the word family. In conversations, you can use 'modernidade' to discuss topics like the environment, the internet, and work-life balance. For instance, 'A modernidade mudou a forma como trabalhamos' (Modernity changed the way we work). You are now moving beyond simple descriptions and starting to analyze the impact of being 'modern.' You might also start to see the word in literary contexts, where authors explore the tension between the old and the new. Using 'modernidade' correctly at this level helps you participate in discussions about current events and social trends with more confidence. It's a key term for anyone wanting to reach an intermediate level of fluency in Portuguese, as it bridges the gap between everyday talk and more formal or intellectual discourse.
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At the B2 level, 'modernidade' becomes a tool for more abstract and critical thinking. You will use it in academic or professional contexts to discuss complex topics. You should be familiar with the concept of 'modernidade' as a historical and sociological period. You might discuss 'os valores da modernidade' (the values of modernity), such as individualism, rationality, and progress. At this level, you can handle more sophisticated sentence structures: 'É inegável que a modernidade transformou radicalmente as relações interpessoais' (It is undeniable that modernity radically transformed interpersonal relationships). You will likely encounter the works of sociologists like Zygmunt Bauman and his concept of 'modernidade líquida' (liquid modernity) in Portuguese translations. Being able to discuss such concepts shows a high level of proficiency. You can also use 'modernidade' to critique contemporary society. For example, 'Muitos criticam a modernidade pelo seu caráter consumista' (Many criticize modernity for its consumerist character). You should be able to distinguish between 'modernidade' and 'modernismo' without hesitation. Your vocabulary should also include synonyms like 'contemporaneidade' and you should know when to use each for the best effect. In writing, you can use 'modernidade' to structure arguments about urbanism, art history, or social evolution. You are expected to use the word with correct gender and number agreement in complex, multi-clause sentences. Whether you are giving a presentation or writing an essay, 'modernidade' is a vital term for expressing high-level ideas about the state of the world and human history.
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At the C1 level, your use of 'modernidade' should be indistinguishable from that of an educated native speaker. You understand the profound philosophical implications of the term. You can discuss the 'paradoxos da modernidade' (paradoxes of modernity) or the 'ruptura com a tradição que caracteriza a modernidade' (the break with tradition that characterizes modernity). You are comfortable using the word in highly formal contexts, such as legal documents, philosophical essays, or high-level business negotiations. You can explore how 'modernidade' intersects with other complex concepts like 'globalização' (globalization), 'subjetividade' (subjectivity), and 'secularização' (secularization). Your sentences will be rich and varied: 'A modernidade, enquanto projeto inacabado, continua a moldar as nossas percepções de tempo e espaço' (Modernity, as an unfinished project, continues to shape our perceptions of time and space). You should be able to analyze how the concept of 'modernidade' varies across different Lusophone cultures—for example, how the 'modernidade brasileira' might differ from the 'modernidade portuguesa' due to different historical paths. You can use the word to delve into the nuances of art movements, architectural styles, and social shifts with precision. You will also be aware of more obscure terms like 'hipermodernidade' or 'transmodernidade'. At this level, 'modernidade' is not just a word, but a vast conceptual field that you can navigate with ease, using it to articulate subtle and complex arguments about the nature of human existence in the 21st century.
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At the C2 level, you have a complete mastery of 'modernidade' and all its theoretical underpinnings. You can engage in deep intellectual debates about the 'esgotamento da modernidade' (the exhaustion of modernity) or the 'reencantamento do mundo face à modernidade' (the re-enchantment of the world in the face of modernity). You can use the term to critique the very foundations of Western thought, discussing its Eurocentric origins and its global impact. Your usage is characterized by absolute precision and stylistic flair. You might write: 'A modernidade não é um destino unívoco, mas uma tapeçaria complexa de avanços técnicos e retrocessos humanitários' (Modernity is not a univocal destination, but a complex tapestry of technical advances and humanitarian setbacks). You can effortlessly switch between different registers, using 'modernidade' in a casual, ironic way or in a dense, scholarly manner. You understand the etymological roots of the word and how its meaning has evolved from the Latin 'modernus' to the present day. You can discuss the works of Portuguese-speaking intellectuals like Eduardo Lourenço or Milton Santos and their critiques of 'modernidade'. Your ability to use this word reflects a deep cultural and linguistic immersion, allowing you to participate in the highest levels of discourse in the Portuguese-speaking world. You see 'modernidade' as a dynamic and contested concept, and you can articulate its various facets with the nuance and sophistication of a philosopher or a historian. There are no limitations to your understanding or application of this word in any context imaginable.
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Examples
A modernidade is a multifaceted Portuguese noun that translates primarily to modernity in English. At its core, it refers to the quality, state, or condition of being modern, but its application stretches across sociological, historical, and aesthetic domains. When you use the word modernidade, you are often discussing the transition from traditional societies to contemporary ones, characterized by industrialization, urbanization, and a shift in philosophical thought. In everyday conversation, a Portuguese speaker might use modernidade to describe a sleek new building in Lisbon or the rapid pace of technological change in São Paulo. However, it is not just about 'newness.' It carries a weight of progress and sometimes the alienation that comes with it. For instance, one might say, 'A modernidade trouxe conforto, mas também estresse,' meaning 'Modernity brought comfort, but also stress.' This illustrates how the word encompasses both the positive advancements of the current era and the complex challenges inherent in modern life.
Historical Context
Modernidade often refers to the historical period following the Middle Ages, marked by the Enlightenment and the Industrial Revolution. In academic Portuguese, it is a key term in sociology and philosophy classes.

A arquitetura deste museu é um exemplo perfeito de modernidade e inovação.

Beyond architecture and history, the term is frequently used in discussions about fashion, technology, and social behavior. If someone is early to adopt a new digital trend, they might be seen as embracing modernidade. In the business world, a company might pride itself on its 'compromisso com a modernidade' (commitment to modernity), signaling that they use the latest tools and methodologies. It is a word that feels sophisticated and broad. When you hear it on the news, it might be in the context of 'os desafios da modernidade' (the challenges of modernity), such as climate change, digital privacy, or the fast-paced nature of global markets.
Sociological Nuance
In the works of thinkers like Zygmunt Bauman, translated into Portuguese, you will encounter 'modernidade líquida' (liquid modernity), describing a world where social structures are no longer stable.

Muitos idosos sentem dificuldade em se adaptar à modernidade digital.

A modernidade das grandes metrópoles fascina os turistas que buscam agitação.

Understanding 'modernidade' requires recognizing its dual nature: it is both a timeline and a characteristic. It suggests a break from the past and a continuous movement toward the future. Whether you are critiquing a painting, discussing urban planning, or analyzing social media's impact on mental health, 'modernidade' provides the conceptual framework for your discussion. It is a powerful word that encapsulates the essence of the world we live in today.
Cultural Impact
In Brazil, the concept of modernidade was central to the construction of Brasília, a city designed to be the ultimate symbol of a modern nation moving forward.

A modernidade não é apenas tecnologia, mas uma nova forma de pensar a sociedade.

O contraste entre a tradição e a modernidade é visível em cada esquina de Portugal.

Using modernidade correctly in Portuguese involves understanding its grammatical role as a feminine abstract noun. It is almost always preceded by the feminine article 'a'. You will frequently find it as the subject of a sentence, such as 'A modernidade exige rapidez' (Modernity demands speed), or as an object following a preposition, as in 'Ela gosta da modernidade dos grandes centros' (She likes the modernity of large centers). Because it is an abstract noun, it doesn't usually take a plural form unless you are referring to different types or theories of modernities, which is rare outside of academic writing.
As a Subject
When 'modernidade' is the subject, it often performs actions related to change, influence, or requirement. Example: 'A modernidade transformou o mercado de trabalho.'

A modernidade trouxe consigo uma série de novos dilemas éticos.

In descriptive contexts, 'modernidade' is often modified by adjectives to specify its nature. You might hear 'modernidade líquida' (liquid modernity), 'modernidade tardia' (late modernity), or 'modernidade tecnológica' (technological modernity). These qualifiers help narrow down which aspect of the modern world is being discussed. For example, if you are talking about the internet and gadgets, you would focus on the technological side. If you are discussing the breakdown of traditional family units, you might be looking at the sociological side of modernidade.
In Prepositional Phrases
It is common to see 'com a modernidade' (with modernity) or 'pela modernidade' (by modernity). Example: 'Estamos cercados pela modernidade.'

Ele se sente deslocado perante a modernidade das redes sociais.

O projeto busca aliar a tradição rural com a modernidade urbana.

Another frequent usage is in comparisons. You might compare 'a modernidade' with 'o passado' (the past) or 'a tradição' (tradition). This contrast is a staple of Portuguese literature and journalism. A sentence like 'O conflito entre a modernidade e a tradição é o tema central do livro' is a very common structure. It highlights the tension between what was and what is.
Common Collocations
'Símbolo de modernidade' (symbol of modernity) and 'toque de modernidade' (touch of modernity) are frequently used in design and lifestyle contexts.

A reforma deu um toque de modernidade ao antigo casarão.

As novas tecnologias são o motor da modernidade atual.

In summary, to use 'modernidade' like a native, focus on its role as a feminine concept that represents the current era's pace, style, and social structure. It is a word that helps you sound more articulate and precise when discussing the world around you.
You will encounter the word modernidade in a variety of settings, ranging from academic lectures to casual coffee shop discussions about the latest iPhone. In the professional sphere, it is a buzzword in marketing, architecture, and urban planning. For instance, a real estate agent might highlight the 'modernidade' of a new apartment complex to justify its high price, focusing on the smart home features and minimalist design. In universities, especially in departments like Sociology, Philosophy, or History, 'modernidade' is a technical term used to analyze the development of Western society. Professors will discuss the 'crise da modernidade' (crisis of modernity) or the 'promessas da modernidade' (promises of modernity).
News and Media
Journalists often use 'modernidade' when reporting on technological breakthroughs or societal shifts. Headlines might read: 'A modernidade chega ao campo' (Modernity reaches the countryside).

No telejornal, o comentarista falou sobre os impactos da modernidade na saúde mental.

In the arts, 'modernidade' is used to describe works that break from tradition. A film critic might praise a director for the 'modernidade' of their storytelling techniques. In literature, authors often explore how characters navigate the complexities of 'modernidade', often contrasting it with the simplicity of rural or past life. You will also hear it in political speeches. Politicians often promise to 'trazer modernidade' (bring modernity) to their regions, which usually implies building better infrastructure, improving schools, and attracting tech companies.
In Conversation
People use it to express awe or frustration. 'Quanta modernidade!' might be said when seeing a robot waiter, while 'A modernidade me cansa' expresses burnout.

A modernidade do sistema de transporte público em Curitiba é referência mundial.

Muitos artistas buscam na modernidade a inspiração para suas obras abstratas.

Finally, in the travel industry, brochures will often contrast 'o charme do antigo' (the charm of the old) with 'a modernidade das instalações' (the modernity of the facilities). This helps travelers know they will have contemporary comforts even in a historic setting. Whether you are reading a high-brow essay or watching a commercial for a new car, 'modernidade' is a term that signals progress, change, and the current state of human achievement.
Workplace Usage
In tech companies, 'modernidade' is synonymous with efficiency and staying ahead of the curve. It's used in meetings about 'modernização' (modernization).

O escritório foi reformado para refletir a modernidade da nossa marca.

A modernidade nos permite trabalhar de qualquer lugar do mundo.

One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make with modernidade is confusing it with the English word 'modernism'. While 'modernidade' is the general state of being modern (modernity), 'modernismo' refers to the specific artistic and cultural movement that occurred in the early 20th century. If you say 'Eu gosto do modernidade de Picasso,' you are making a mistake; you should say 'Eu gosto do modernismo de Picasso.' Another common error is using the masculine article 'o' instead of the feminine 'a'. Remember, words ending in '-dade' in Portuguese are almost always feminine (like 'felicidade', 'cidade', 'liberdade'). Saying 'o modernidade' is a clear marker of a non-native speaker.
Gender Agreement
Always use 'a' or 'uma'. Example: 'Uma modernidade assustadora' (A frightening modernity). Adjectives must also be feminine.

Errado: O modernidade é bom. Correto: A modernidade é boa.

Learners also sometimes confuse 'modernidade' with 'atualidade'. While they are related, 'atualidade' specifically means 'current events' or 'the present moment'. If you want to talk about the news of the day, use 'atualidade'. If you want to talk about the technological and social state of the era, use 'modernidade'. For example, 'Na atualidade, as pessoas usam muito o celular' is correct, but 'Na modernidade, as pessoas usam muito o celular' is also correct but sounds more like a sociological observation.
Modernidade vs. Atualidade
Use 'atualidade' for 'now/current'. Use 'modernidade' for the 'state/era of being modern'. They are often interchangeable but have different flavors.

Muitos confundem a modernidade tecnológica com o progresso social.

Não confunda a modernidade de um objeto com a sua utilidade.

Finally, avoid using 'modernidade' when you simply mean 'modern'. 'Modernidade' is the noun (modernity), 'moderno' is the adjective (modern). You can't say 'Este carro é modernidade.' You must say 'Este carro é moderno' or 'Este carro é um símbolo de modernidade.' Mixing up parts of speech is a common hurdle for intermediate learners.
Noun vs. Adjective
Noun: Modernidade. Adjective: Moderno/a. Adverb: Modernamente. Verbs: Modernizar.

O uso excessivo da palavra modernidade pode tornar o texto redundante.

A modernidade não deve ser confundida com a simples moda passageira.

If you find yourself using 'modernidade' too often, or if it doesn't quite fit the context, there are several alternatives you can use. 'Contemporaneidade' is perhaps the closest synonym, though it specifically emphasizes being of the same time (contemporary). While 'modernidade' often implies progress and technology, 'contemporaneidade' is more neutral about the current era. Another alternative is 'vanguarda', which means 'vanguard' or 'cutting edge'. Use 'vanguarda' when you want to emphasize that something is ahead of its time or leading a new trend.
Modernidade vs. Contemporaneidade
Modernidade: Focuses on the era of progress and the break from the past. Contemporaneidade: Focuses on the 'now' and everything happening currently.

A modernidade é um processo longo, enquanto a contemporaneidade é o nosso presente.

For a more casual or specific context, you might use 'novidade' (novelty/newness). If you are talking about a new gadget, saying 'É a última novidade' is more common than 'É a última modernidade.' If you are referring to the process of becoming modern, use 'modernização'. For example, 'A modernização do país' (The modernization of the country). This shifts the focus from the state (modernity) to the action (modernizing).
Related Terms
'Atualidade' (current times), 'Progresso' (progress), 'Evolução' (evolution), and 'Vanguarda' (vanguard).

A modernidade trouxe o progresso, mas a vanguarda dita as tendências.

Muitas vezes, a modernidade é confundida com o simples consumo de novidades.

In academic writing, you might also see 'Pós-modernidade' (Post-modernity). This refers to the period or state that follows modernity, often characterized by skepticism toward grand narratives and a focus on fragmentation. If you are discussing contemporary art or philosophy, 'pós-modernidade' is a crucial term to distinguish from the standard 'modernidade'. By knowing these alternatives, you can choose the word that best fits the specific nuance you want to convey, making your Portuguese more precise and sophisticated.
Comparison Table
Modernidade: State/Era. Modernismo: Art Movement. Modernização: Process. Contemporaneidade: Current time.

A modernidade é um conceito amplo que abarca a inovação e o progresso.

Buscamos a modernidade, mas sem perder as nossas raízes culturais.

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Examples by Level

1

A modernidade é interessante.

Modernity is interesting.

Simple subject-verb-adjective structure. 'A modernidade' is the subject.

2

Eu gosto da modernidade.

I like modernity.

'Da' is the contraction of 'de' (of/from) + 'a' (the).

3

A cidade tem muita modernidade.

The city has a lot of modernity.

'Muita' agrees with the feminine noun 'modernidade'.

4

Onde está a modernidade?

Where is the modernity?

A simple question using the definite article 'a'.

5

A modernidade traz carros novos.

Modernity brings new cars.

'Traz' is the 3rd person singular of 'trazer' (to bring).

6

Esta casa é um exemplo de modernidade.

This house is an example of modernity.

'De' is the preposition 'of'.

7

A modernidade é rápida.

Modernity is fast.

'Rápida' is the feminine adjective agreeing with 'modernidade'.

8

Nós vivemos na modernidade.

We live in modernity.

'Na' is the contraction of 'em' (in) + 'a' (the).

1

A modernidade mudou a vida das pessoas.

Modernity changed people's lives.

Past tense 'mudou' (changed) used with 'modernidade'.

2

Prefiro a modernidade ao estilo antigo.

I prefer modernity to the old style.

Use of 'ao' (to the) in a comparison of preference.

3

A modernidade tecnológica é incrível.

Technological modernity is incredible.

'Tecnológica' is an adjective modifying 'modernidade'.

4

Não sinto falta da modernidade nas férias.

I don't miss modernity on vacation.

Negative sentence using 'sentir falta de' (to miss).

5

A modernidade das roupas dela é visível.

The modernity of her clothes is visible.

Possessive structure 'das roupas dela' (of her clothes).

6

Eles buscam a modernidade em tudo.

They seek modernity in everything.

Verb 'buscar' (to seek/look for) with a direct object.

7

A modernidade traz muitos benefícios.

Modernity brings many benefits.

'Muitos benefícios' is the plural object.

8

A modernidade pode ser cansativa às vezes.

Modernity can be tiring sometimes.

Use of the modal verb 'pode' (can/may).

1

A modernidade transformou o mercado de trabalho.

Modernity transformed the job market.

Use of 'transformar' to show significant change.

2

É difícil acompanhar o ritmo da modernidade.

It is difficult to keep up with the pace of modernity.

The phrase 'ritmo da modernidade' is a common collocation.

3

A modernidade trouxe novos desafios para a educação.

Modernity brought new challenges for education.

Plural noun 'desafios' (challenges).

4

Muitos artistas exploram o tema da modernidade.

Many artists explore the theme of modernity.

'Tema da modernidade' uses 'da' as a possessive/relational link.

5

A modernidade não deve apagar as nossas tradições.

Modernity should not erase our traditions.

Contrast between 'modernidade' and 'tradições'.

6

Vivemos em uma era de constante modernidade.

We live in an era of constant modernity.

'Constante' modifies 'modernidade' to show ongoing change.

7

A modernidade facilitou a comunicação global.

Modernity facilitated global communication.

Verb 'facilitar' in the past tense.

8

O conceito de modernidade varia entre as culturas.

The concept of modernity varies between cultures.

'Conceito de modernidade' is the subject.

1

A modernidade líquida é um conceito de Zygmunt Bauman.

Liquid modernity is a concept by Zygmunt Bauman.

Specific sociological term 'modernidade líquida'.

2

A modernidade trouxe uma ruptura com o passado.

Modernity brought a break with the past.

'Ruptura com o passado' is a formal idiomatic expression.

3

Devemos questionar os excessos da modernidade.

We must question the excesses of modernity.

Verb 'questionar' used in a social critique context.

4

A modernidade reflete o desejo humano de progresso.

Modernity reflects the human desire for progress.

Abstract subject 'modernidade' performing the action 'reflete'.

5

O arquiteto uniu funcionalidade e modernidade no projeto.

The architect combined functionality and modernity in the project.

Direct objects 'funcionalidade' and 'modernidade'.

6

A modernidade tardia apresenta novos dilemas sociais.

Late modernity presents new social dilemmas.

'Modernidade tardia' is a specific academic term.

7

A modernidade é frequentemente associada à inovação.

Modernity is often associated with innovation.

Passive voice 'é associada à'.

8

A modernidade mudou a nossa percepção do tempo.

Modernity changed our perception of time.

Possessive 'nossa' agrees with 'percepção'.

1

A modernidade, enquanto projeto sociopolítico, é vasta.

Modernity, as a socio-political project, is vast.

Use of 'enquanto' to define the role/aspect of the noun.

2

A modernidade impôs uma nova ordem mundial.

Modernity imposed a new world order.

Strong verb 'impor' (to impose).

3

A crítica à modernidade é um tema recorrente na filosofia.

The critique of modernity is a recurring theme in philosophy.

'Crítica à' uses crasis because it's 'a' (preposition) + 'a' (article).

4

A modernidade exige uma constante adaptação do indivíduo.

Modernity requires a constant adaptation of the individual.

Abstract requirement 'exige'.

5

O paradoxo da modernidade reside na sua própria efemeridade.

The paradox of modernity lies in its own ephemerality.

High-level vocabulary: 'paradoxo', 'reside', 'efemeridade'.

6

A modernidade reconfigurou as fronteiras entre o público e o privado.

Modernity reconfigured the boundaries between the public and the private.

Complex verb 'reconfigurar' and abstract boundaries.

7

A modernidade é inseparável da ideia de secularização.

Modernity is inseparable from the idea of secularization.

Adjective 'inseparável' followed by 'da'.

8

A modernidade trouxe a promessa de liberdade individual.

Modernity brought the promise of individual freedom.

Abstract noun phrase 'promessa de liberdade individual'.

1

A modernidade exacerbou as tensões entre o local e o global.

Modernity exacerbated the tensions between the local and the global.

Sophisticated verb 'exacerbar' (to exacerbate).

2

A modernidade é um palimpsesto de tradições e inovações.

Modernity is a palimpsest of traditions and innovations.

Metaphorical use of 'palimpsesto'.

3

A modernidade desconstruiu as metanarrativas da história.

Modernity deconstructed the metanarratives of history.

Philosophical term 'metanarrativas'.

4

A modernidade, em sua vertente técnica, aliena o trabalhador.

Modernity, in its technical aspect, alienates the worker.

Marxist-influenced sociological terminology.

5

A modernidade é a apoteose da racionalidade instrumental.

Modernity is the apotheosis of instrumental rationality.

Highly academic terms 'apoteose' and 'racionalidade instrumental'.

6

A modernidade engendra novas formas de subjetividade digital.

Modernity engenders new forms of digital subjectivity.

Verb 'engendrar' (to engender/produce).

7

A modernidade confronta-nos com a angústia da escolha infinita.

Modernity confronts us with the anguish of infinite choice.

Pronominal verb 'confrontar-nos' and existential theme.

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