仇恨 in 30 Seconds
- Hatred; deep, intense hostility.
- Strong negative emotion, animosity.
- Used for serious conflicts and prejudice.
- More than just anger or dislike.
People use 仇恨 when they want to express a profound sense of opposition or detestation. This can be directed towards individuals, groups, nations, or even abstract concepts. For instance, historical conflicts have often been fueled by deep-seated 仇恨 between different communities. In literature and discussions about social issues, 仇恨 is often explored as a destructive force that can lead to violence and suffering. It's important to understand that 仇恨 implies a sustained and often irrational aversion, rather than a fleeting moment of anger. It carries a weight of negative emotional baggage and can be a significant barrier to reconciliation or understanding.
Consider the context of international relations, where historical 仇恨 between countries can persist for generations, influencing political decisions and public sentiment. Similarly, within societies, 仇恨 can manifest as prejudice and discrimination against minority groups. The word is also used in more personal contexts, though less commonly, to describe intense personal animosity. However, its primary use is to describe widespread or deeply entrenched negative feelings. The intensity of the emotion conveyed by 仇恨 makes it a word to be used with care, as it speaks to the darker aspects of human emotion and interaction. It is a key term for understanding conflicts, prejudice, and the profound negative impacts of animosity.
- Etymology
- The character 仇 (chóu) originally referred to an enemy or an opponent, and also to revenge or resentment. The character 恨 (hèn) means to hate, dislike, or regret. Together, 仇恨 directly conveys the meaning of hatred stemming from enmity or a sense of being wronged.
- Nuance
- While 仇恨 is a strong word, it's distinct from simple anger (生气 - shēngqì). Anger is often a reaction to a specific event, whereas 仇恨 implies a more sustained, deep-seated, and often irrational animosity.
人们应该努力消除 仇恨，而不是加剧它。
历史上的 仇恨 常常导致长期的冲突。
One common structure involves using it with verbs that describe feelings or actions related to animosity. For example, “产生仇恨” (chǎnshēng chóuhèn) means 'to generate hatred,' and “充满仇恨” (chōngmǎn chóuhèn) means 'to be full of hatred.' You might also see it paired with verbs like “煽动仇恨” (shāndòng chóuhèn), meaning 'to incite hatred,' or “消除仇恨” (xiāochú chóuhèn), meaning 'to eliminate hatred.'
仇恨 can also be the subject or object of a sentence. For instance, “仇恨是破坏性的” (chóuhèn shì pòhuàixìng de) translates to 'Hatred is destructive.' In this case, 仇恨 is the subject. When it's the object, you might say “他心中充满了对敌人的仇恨” (tā xīnzhōng chōngmǎn le duì dírén de chóuhèn), meaning 'His heart was filled with hatred for the enemy.' Here, 仇恨 is the object of the feeling of being filled.
Adjectives can modify 仇恨 to specify its nature, such as “深仇大恨” (shēn chóu dà hèn), which is an idiom meaning 'deep-seated hatred' or 'bitter enmity.' While this is an idiom, it illustrates how 仇恨 can be described. More directly, you could say “强烈的仇恨” (qiángliè de chóuhèn) for 'intense hatred.'
It's also common to see 仇恨 used in contexts discussing social issues, history, or conflict. For example, “我们必须反对一切形式的仇恨言论” (wǒmen bìxū fǎnduì yīqiè xíngshì de chóuhèn yánlùn) means 'We must oppose all forms of hate speech.' In this sentence, 仇恨 acts as an adjective modifying 'speech.' This is a common usage where 仇恨 precedes another noun to describe its nature. Remember, 仇恨 is a strong word, so its usage often implies significant negative emotions or societal problems.
- Verb + 仇恨
- 产生仇恨 (chǎnshēng chóuhèn) - to generate hatred; 煽动仇恨 (shāndòng chóuhèn) - to incite hatred; 消除仇恨 (xiāochú chóuhèn) - to eliminate hatred; 充满仇恨 (chōngmǎn chóuhèn) - to be full of hatred.
- Noun + 仇恨
- 仇恨言论 (chóuhèn yánlùn) - hate speech; 仇恨犯罪 (chóuhèn fànzuì) - hate crime; 民族仇恨 (mínzú chóuhèn) - ethnic hatred.
政治家不应该煽动 仇恨。
我们可以通过教育来消除 仇恨。
News reports and documentaries about wars, genocides, or long-standing ethnic or religious disputes are prime places to hear 仇恨. For example, a news segment might discuss the 仇恨 that fueled a particular conflict or the efforts to overcome historical 仇恨 between nations. Discussions about human rights and social justice movements will also frequently use this term when addressing discrimination, prejudice, and the ideologies that perpetuate them.
Academic lectures and essays on sociology, history, political science, and psychology often delve into the causes and effects of 仇恨. Researchers might analyze the psychological roots of 仇恨 or its role in political radicalization. You might also find 仇恨 used in literature, particularly in novels or plays that explore themes of conflict, revenge, or profound personal animosity.
Furthermore, in discussions about online content and public discourse, 仇恨言论 (chóuhèn yánlùn - hate speech) is a very common collocation. Platforms and policymakers often discuss how to combat 仇恨 online. Similarly, 仇恨犯罪 (chóuhèn fànzuì - hate crime) is a term used by law enforcement and legal analysts.
In essence, whenever the conversation moves beyond personal disagreements to deep-seated animosity, prejudice, or collective antagonism, 仇恨 is likely to be the appropriate and impactful word. It signifies a level of negative feeling that has significant social, political, or historical implications.
- Media and News
- Reports on international conflicts, historical grievances, and social unrest. For example, discussions about the 仇恨 between warring factions or the lingering 仇恨 from past atrocities.
- Academic Discourse
- In sociology, history, and psychology, 仇恨 is analyzed as a social phenomenon, its causes, and its impact on individuals and societies. This includes studies on 仇恨 psychology and the sociology of conflict.
- Legal and Political Contexts
- When discussing 仇恨言论 (hate speech) or 仇恨犯罪 (hate crime), this term is central to legal definitions and policy debates.
纪录片探讨了导致 仇恨 的根源。
社交媒体上的 仇恨 言论是一个严重的问题。
Another mistake is confusing 仇恨 with simple anger (生气 - shēngqì). Anger is often a temporary emotion triggered by a specific event. 仇恨, however, implies a deeper, more sustained, and often irrational animosity. If someone cuts you off in traffic, you might feel anger, but you don't necessarily develop 仇恨 towards them. Using 仇恨 in such a casual context would be a significant overstatement.
Learners might also incorrectly use 仇恨 as a verb. While 'to hate' is a verb in English, 仇恨 in Chinese is primarily a noun. To express the verb 'to hate,' you would typically use 恨 (hèn) or 憎恨 (zēnghèn). For example, saying “我仇恨他” (wǒ chóuhèn tā) is grammatically awkward and semantically off. The correct way to say 'I hate him' would be “我恨他” (wǒ hèn tā) or “我憎恨他” (wǒ zēnghèn tā).
Finally, avoid using 仇恨 in situations where a milder negative sentiment is intended. For example, if you disagree with someone's opinion, you might say you 'disagree' or 'oppose' it, not that you 'hate' it. In Chinese, this would translate to using words like 反对 (fǎnduì - oppose) or 不同意 (bù tóngyì - disagree), rather than 仇恨. The word 仇恨 carries a strong moral and emotional weight, and its application should reflect that gravity.
- Using for Mild Dislike
- Mistake: Using 仇恨 for simple dislike or annoyance. Example: “我仇恨这个天气。” (I hate this weather.) Correct: Use 讨厌 (tǎoyàn) for dislike. “我讨厌这个天气。”
- Confusing with Anger
- Mistake: Equating 仇恨 with temporary anger. Example: Reacting to a minor inconvenience with 仇恨. Correct: Distinguish between transient anger (生气 - shēngqì) and deep-seated animosity (仇恨).
- Using as a Verb
- Mistake: Using 仇恨 as a verb. Example: “我仇恨他。” Correct: Use 恨 (hèn) or 憎恨 (zēnghèn) for the verb 'to hate.' “我恨他。”
错误用法：我对这道菜感到仇恨。
The most direct verb form of 'to hate' is 恨 (hèn). While 仇恨 is the noun for hatred, 恨 can function as both a verb ('to hate') and sometimes as a noun ('hatred,' though less common than 仇恨). For example, “我恨他” (wǒ hèn tā) means 'I hate him.' 恨 is generally less formal and less focused on the societal or historical implications compared to 仇恨.
A more formal and intense verb for 'to hate' or 'to detest' is 憎恨 (zēnghèn). This word carries a strong sense of loathing and is often used in more literary or serious contexts. It's similar in intensity to 仇恨 but is a verb.
For feelings of strong dislike or aversion that fall short of true hatred, 讨厌 (tǎoyàn) is a very useful word. It translates to 'to dislike,' 'to be annoyed by,' or 'to hate' in a milder sense. For example, “我讨厌下雨天” (wǒ tǎoyàn xià yǔtiān) means 'I dislike rainy days.' This is a much more common and everyday expression than using 仇恨 for something like weather.
In the context of deep-seated animosity, especially between groups or families over long periods, the idiom 深仇大恨 (shēn chóu dà hèn) is used. It literally means 'deep enmity, great hatred' and signifies a profound and often historical feud. 仇恨 is a component of this idiom, highlighting its core meaning.
Finally, for general opposition or disagreement, words like 反对 (fǎnduì - to oppose) or 敌对 (díduì - hostile, antagonism) might be more appropriate. 敌对 implies a state of antagonism or opposition, often between groups, but it doesn't necessarily carry the same depth of personal emotional animosity as 仇恨.
- 恨 (hèn)
- Usage: Primarily a verb meaning 'to hate.' Can also be a noun, but less common and less formal than 仇恨.
Comparison: Less formal and less focused on societal/historical implications than 仇恨.
Example: 我恨他。 (Wǒ hèn tā.) - I hate him. - 憎恨 (zēnghèn)
- Usage: A strong verb meaning 'to hate,' 'to detest,' 'to loathe.'
Comparison: Similar intensity to 仇恨 but is a verb. More formal and serious than 恨.
Example: 她憎恨那些背叛她的人。 (Tā zēnghèn nàxiē bèipàn tā de rén.) - She detested those who betrayed her. - 讨厌 (tǎoyàn)
- Usage: Verb meaning 'to dislike,' 'to be annoyed by,' 'to hate' in a milder sense.
Comparison: Much milder than 仇恨. Used for everyday dislikes.
Example: 我讨厌迟到的人。 (Wǒ tǎoyàn chídào de rén.) - I dislike people who are late. - 深仇大恨 (shēn chóu dà hèn)
- Usage: Idiom, noun phrase meaning 'deep-seated hatred,' 'bitter enmity,' 'long-standing feud.'
Comparison: Encompasses 仇恨 but implies a historical or familial dimension.
Example: 他们家族之间有深仇大恨。 (Tāmen jiāzú zhī jiān yǒu shēn chóu dà hèn.) - There is a deep-seated feud between their families.
对于日常的不喜欢，使用 讨厌 比 仇恨 更合适。
How Formal Is It?
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Fun Fact
The character 仇 has an interesting evolution. Its ancient form depicted a person holding a weapon, suggesting conflict and hostility. Over time, it evolved to represent the abstract concepts of enmity and hatred. The character 恨 also has ancient roots, possibly related to feelings of regret or deep dissatisfaction.
Pronunciation Guide
- Pronouncing 'ch' as 'sh'.
- Not aspirating the 'h' sound.
- Pronouncing 'en' like the English word 'hen' instead of a more open vowel sound.
Difficulty Rating
CEFR A2 level indicates that learners at this stage can understand the basic meaning of <strong class='font-semibold'>仇恨</strong> in simple contexts, particularly when it refers to strong negative feelings or social issues. However, grasping its full nuance and appropriate usage in complex sentences requires further development.
What to Learn Next
Prerequisites
Learn Next
Advanced
Grammar to Know
Using 动词 + 仇恨 (Verb + Chóuhèn) patterns.
教育可以消除仇恨。(Jiàoyù kěyǐ xiāochú chóuhèn.) - Education can eliminate hatred.
Using 仇恨 + 名词 (Chóuhèn + Noun) patterns.
我们必须警惕仇恨言论。(Wǒmen bìxū jǐngtì chóuhèn yánlùn.) - We must be vigilant about hate speech.
Using 充满/怀有 + 仇恨 (Chōngmǎn/Huáiyǒu + Chóuhèn) patterns.
他的心中充满了对仇恨。(Tā de xīnzhōng chōngmǎn le duì chóuhèn.) - His heart was filled with hatred.
Distinguishing between 仇恨 (noun) and 恨/憎恨 (verbs).
仇恨是强大的情感，而恨他则是动词。(Chóuhèn shì qiángdà de qínggǎn, ér hèn tā zé shì dòngcí.) - Hatred is a powerful emotion, while 'hating him' is a verb.
Using idioms containing 仇 (chóu) or 恨 (hèn).
他们之间有深仇大恨。(Tāmen zhī jiān yǒu shēn chóu dà hèn.) - There is deep-seated hatred between them.
Examples by Level
我恨坏人。
I hate bad people.
她不喜欢他。
She dislikes him. (Uses 'dislike' which is less strong than hatred)
他生气了。
He is angry. (Uses 'angry', not 'hates')
我不喜欢这个。
I don't like this.
这是坏事。
This is a bad thing.
我讨厌虫子。
I dislike bugs/insects.
战争不好。
War is not good.
他很生气。
He is very angry.
我们必须消除 仇恨。
We must eliminate hatred.
仇恨 is used as a noun here.
历史上的 仇恨 导致了冲突。
Historical hatred led to conflict.
仇恨 functions as a noun referring to a historical sentiment.
不要传播 仇恨 言论。
Do not spread hate speech.
仇恨 modifies '言论' (speech), acting adjectivally.
他对邻居充满了 仇恨。
He was full of hatred towards his neighbor.
仇恨 is the object of the feeling 'full of'.
这种 仇恨 是不应该的。
This kind of hatred is not right/should not be.
仇恨 is the subject of the sentence.
他因为过去的事情而 恨 他。
He hates him because of past events. (Uses 'hate' as a verb)
Uses 恨 (hèn) as the verb 'to hate'.
我们应该用爱代替 仇恨。
We should replace hatred with love.
仇恨 is contrasted with 'love'.
他 憎恨 那些不公平对待他的人。
He detests those who treated him unfairly. (Uses 'detest' as a verb)
Uses 憎恨 (zēnghèn) as a strong verb for 'to hate/detest'.
社会需要努力根除 仇恨 犯罪的土壤。
Society needs to work hard to eradicate the soil for hate crimes.
仇恨 modifies '犯罪' (crime).
历史上的 仇恨 常常是几代人之间难以弥合的裂痕。
Historical hatred is often an unbridgeable rift between generations.
仇恨 is described as a 'rift'.
政治宣传有时会煽动民众的 仇恨。
Political propaganda sometimes incites the public's hatred.
仇恨 is the object of 'incite' (煽动).
我们必须警惕 仇恨 言论在网络上的传播。
We must be vigilant about the spread of hate speech online.
仇恨 modifies '言论' (speech).
尽管有 仇恨，他们还是设法实现了和平。
Despite the hatred, they still managed to achieve peace.
仇恨 is presented as an obstacle to peace.
他多年来一直 恨 着那个曾经伤害他的人。
He has hated the person who once hurt him for many years.
Uses 恨 (hèn) as a verb indicating long-term feeling.
消除 仇恨 需要双方的努力和理解。
Eliminating hatred requires effort and understanding from both sides.
仇恨 is the object of the verb 'eliminate' (消除).
这种 深仇大恨 使得和解变得异常困难。
This deep-seated hatred makes reconciliation exceptionally difficult.
Uses the idiom 深仇大恨 (shēn chóu dà hèn) for deep enmity.
国际社会必须共同努力，遏制 仇恨 意识形态的蔓延。
The international community must work together to curb the spread of hateful ideologies.
仇恨 modifies '意识形态' (ideology).
历史教科书应该客观地反映 仇恨 及其造成的灾难性后果。
History textbooks should objectively reflect hatred and the catastrophic consequences it has caused.
仇恨 is linked to 'catastrophic consequences'.
煽动 仇恨 的言论是民主社会的毒瘤。
Speech that incites hatred is a cancer on democratic society.
仇恨 modifies '言论' (speech).
许多冲突的根源在于长期积累的 仇恨 和不信任。
The root of many conflicts lies in long-accumulated hatred and mistrust.
仇恨 is described as 'long-accumulated'.
要实现真正的和解，必须正视并尝试化解 仇恨 的情绪。
To achieve true reconciliation, one must confront and attempt to resolve feelings of hatred.
仇恨 is referred to as 'emotions'.
他 憎恨 那个让他失去一切的制度。
He detested the system that caused him to lose everything.
Uses 憎恨 (zēnghèn) to express deep loathing for a system.
文化交流有助于打破 仇恨 的壁垒，促进理解。
Cultural exchange helps break down barriers of hatred and promote understanding.
仇恨 is associated with 'barriers'.
当 仇恨 成为主流情绪时，社会就面临危险。
When hatred becomes a dominant emotion, society faces danger.
仇恨 is described as a 'dominant emotion'.
历史的教训之一是，仇恨 的种子一旦播下，其后果往往是灾难性的。
One of history's lessons is that once the seeds of hatred are sown, its consequences are often catastrophic.
仇恨 is metaphorically described as 'seeds'.
政治家利用 仇恨 作为一种操纵民意的工具，这是对民主的根本性威胁。
Politicians using hatred as a tool to manipulate public opinion is a fundamental threat to democracy.
仇恨 is characterized as a 'tool for manipulation'.
我们必须认识到，仇恨 意识形态的根源往往在于深刻的社会不公和历史遗留问题。
We must recognize that the roots of hateful ideologies often lie in deep social injustice and historical unresolved issues.
仇恨 is linked to 'social injustice' and 'historical issues'.
在一个多元化的社会中，容忍 仇恨 言论的存在，无异于为分裂埋下伏笔。
In a diverse society, tolerating the existence of hate speech is tantamount to laying the groundwork for division.
仇恨 modifies '言论' (speech).
克服根深蒂固的 仇恨 需要时间、勇气和对复杂历史叙事的深刻理解。
Overcoming deep-seated hatred requires time, courage, and a profound understanding of complex historical narratives.
仇恨 is described as 'deep-seated'.
他 憎恨 那个剥夺了他所有权利的体制，并决心反抗。
He detested the regime that deprived him of all his rights and was determined to resist.
Uses 憎恨 (zēnghèn) to express strong animosity towards an oppressive regime.
教育在化解代际 仇恨、构建和平共处的未来中扮演着至关重要的角色。
Education plays a crucial role in resolving intergenerational hatred and building a future of peaceful coexistence.
仇恨 is specified as 'intergenerational'.
当 仇恨 成为一种集体心理时，它会扭曲个体对现实的认知。
When hatred becomes a collective psychology, it distorts individuals' perception of reality.
仇恨 is described as a 'collective psychology'.
历史的反复警示我们，仇恨 的逻辑往往是自我毁灭的，它最终会反噬自身。
History repeatedly warns us that the logic of hatred is often self-destructive; it ultimately devours itself.
仇恨 is described as having a 'logic' that is 'self-destructive'.
以 仇恨 为驱动的政治运动，尽管可能在短期内获得支持，但其长期后果必然是社会的分裂与动荡。
Political movements driven by hatred, though they may gain support in the short term, will inevitably lead to social division and turmoil in the long run.
仇恨 is the driving force behind political movements.
我们必须审慎地分析 仇恨 意识形态的生成机制，理解其在社会结构中的深层根源，而非仅仅停留在表面现象。
We must cautiously analyze the generation mechanisms of hateful ideologies, understanding their deep roots within the social structure, rather than merely dwelling on superficial phenomena.
仇恨 is linked to 'generation mechanisms' and 'deep roots'.
在信息爆炸的时代，辨别和抵制 仇恨 言论的挑战尤为艰巨，它常常披着合法表达的外衣。
In the era of information explosion, the challenge of discerning and resisting hate speech is particularly arduous, as it often disguises itself as legitimate expression.
仇恨 modifies '言论' (speech) and is described as 'arduous' to resist.
真正化解 仇恨 的过程，是对集体记忆的深刻反思，是对历史真相的勇敢面对，以及对受害者创伤的真诚疗愈。
The process of truly resolving hatred involves profound reflection on collective memory, brave confrontation with historical truth, and sincere healing of victims' trauma.
仇恨 resolution is described through multiple complex actions.
他 憎恨 那个系统性地压迫和歧视他所属群体的政权，这种 憎恨 已经内化为他反抗的动力。
He detested the regime that systematically oppressed and discriminated against his group; this detestation had been internalized as the driving force for his resistance.
Uses 憎恨 (zēnghèn) multiple times to emphasize deep-seated loathing and its internalization as motivation.
跨越代际的 仇恨 往往是历史创伤的代代相传，只有通过公开对话和共情才能寻求治愈。
Intergenerational hatred is often the generational transmission of historical trauma, and only through open dialogue and empathy can healing be sought.
仇恨 is described as 'intergenerational' and a 'transmission of historical trauma'.
当 仇恨 逻辑占据主导时，它会形成一种回音室效应，不断强化和扭曲个体认知，使其难以接受不同观点。
When the logic of hatred dominates, it creates an echo chamber effect, constantly reinforcing and distorting individual perceptions, making it difficult to accept different viewpoints.
仇恨 is described as having a 'logic' that creates an 'echo chamber effect'.
Common Collocations
Common Phrases
— A deep-seated, bitter, and long-lasting hatred or feud, often between families or groups over generations.
他们之间有着<strong class='font-semibold'>深仇大恨</strong>，所以很难原谅对方。(Tāmen zhī jiān yǒu zhe shēn chóu dà hèn, suǒyǐ hěn nán yuánliàng duìfāng.) - They have a deep-seated hatred for each other, so it's hard to forgive one another.
— A crime motivated by racial, religious, or other prejudice, often referred to as a hate crime.
警方正在调查这起<strong class='font-semibold'>仇恨犯罪</strong>。(Jǐngfāng zhèngzài diàochá zhè qǐ chóuhèn fànzuì.) - The police are investigating this hate crime.
— Speech or expression that attacks or demeans a group based on characteristics such as race, religion, ethnicity, sexual orientation, or gender; hate speech.
我们需要共同努力反对<strong class='font-semibold'>仇恨言论</strong>。(Wǒmen xūyào gòngtóng nǔlì fǎnduì chóuhèn yánlùn.) - We need to work together to oppose hate speech.
— To eliminate hatred; to get rid of animosity or intense dislike.
教育是<strong class='font-semibold'>消除仇恨</strong>的关键。(Jiàoyù shì xiāochú chóuhèn de guānjiàn.) - Education is key to eliminating hatred.
— To incite hatred; to provoke strong animosity or hostility towards a person or group.
政治家不应<strong class='font-semibold'>煽动仇恨</strong>。(Zhèngzhì jiā bù yīng shāndòng chóuhèn.) - Politicians should not incite hatred.
— To be full of hatred; to be filled with intense animosity or hostility.
他的眼中<strong class='font-semibold'>充满仇恨</strong>，显示出内心的痛苦。(Tā de yǎnzhōng chōngmǎn chóuhèn, xiǎnshì chū nèixīn de tòngkǔ.) - His eyes were full of hatred, showing his inner pain.
— Ethnic hatred; animosity between different ethnic groups.
历史上的<strong class='font-semibold'>民族仇恨</strong>是冲突的根源之一。(Lìshǐ shang de mínzú chóuhèn shì chōngtū de gēnyuán zhī yī.) - Historical ethnic hatred is one of the roots of conflict.
— To resolve hatred; to reconcile or mitigate intense animosity.
通过对话<strong class='font-semibold'>化解仇恨</strong>是可能的。(Tōngguò duìhuà huàjiě chóuhèn shì kěnéng de.) - It is possible to resolve hatred through dialogue.
— Anti-hatred; opposing hatred.
我们应该支持<strong class='font-semibold'>反仇恨</strong>的倡议。(Wǒmen yīnggāi zhīchí fǎn chóuhèn de chàngyì.) - We should support anti-hatred initiatives.
— To arouse hatred; to provoke or stir up intense animosity.
他的话<strong class='font-semibold'>激起</strong>了听众的<strong class='font-semibold'>仇恨</strong>。(Tā de huà jīqǐ le tīngzhòng de chóuhèn.) - His words aroused the audience's hatred.
Often Confused With
生气 means 'angry' or 'mad', which is a temporary emotion. 仇恨 is a deeper, more sustained feeling of animosity.
讨厌 means 'to dislike' or 'to be annoyed by'. It's a much milder negative feeling than 仇恨, which implies intense hostility.
恨 is primarily a verb meaning 'to hate'. While it can sometimes function as a noun for hatred, 仇恨 is the more standard and stronger noun form, often carrying more societal or historical weight.
Idioms & Expressions
— Deep-seated hatred; bitter enmity; a profound and long-standing feud, often between families or groups over generations. It implies a history of severe grievances.
他们家族之间有着深仇大恨，所以很难原谅对方。(Tāmen jiāzú zhī jiān yǒu zhe shēn chóu dà hèn, suǒyǐ hěn nán yuánliàng duìfāng.) - There is a deep-seated hatred between their families, so it is difficult to forgive each other.
Idiomatic/Formal— When enemies meet, their eyes burn with extra hatred. This idiom describes the intense animosity and hostility that arises when people who deeply hate each other encounter one another.
看见那个曾经背叛他的人，他立刻想起了仇人见面，分外眼红。(Kànjiàn nàge céngjīng bèipàn tā de rén, tā lìkè xiǎng qǐ le chóurén jiànmiàn, fènwài yǎnhóng.) - Seeing the person who once betrayed him, he immediately recalled the idiom 'when enemies meet, their eyes burn with extra hatred'.
Idiomatic/Informal— Resentment accumulating to become hatred. This idiom describes how long-held grievances and bitterness can fester and eventually develop into deep hatred.
长期的不公积怨成仇，最终导致了社会的动荡。(Chángqī de bùgōng jī yuàn chéng chóu, zuìzhōng dǎozhì le shèhuì de dòngdàng.) - Long-term injustice led to accumulated resentment turning into hatred, ultimately causing social unrest.
Idiomatic/Formal— To turn enemies into friends. This is the direct opposite of developing or maintaining hatred, focusing on reconciliation.
他们通过真诚的对话，成功地化敌为友。(Tāmen tōngguò zhēnchéng de duìhuà, chénggōng de huà dí wéi yǒu.) - Through sincere dialogue, they successfully turned enemies into friends.
Idiomatic/Neutral— To share the same hatred for the enemy; to unite in opposing a common enemy. It implies a collective sense of animosity and solidarity against an external foe.
面对外敌入侵，全国人民同仇敌忾，保卫国家。(Miàn duì wài dí rùqīn, quánguó rénmín tóng chóu dícài, bǎowèi guójiā.) - Facing foreign invasion, the people of the whole country united with the same hatred for the enemy to defend the nation.
Idiomatic/Formal— To hate someone to the bone; to hate someone intensely, as if the hatred has penetrated one's very bones. This signifies extreme and deeply felt hatred.
他对那个毁了他家庭的人恨之入骨。(Tā duì nàge huǐ le tā jiātíng de rén hèn zhī rù gǔ.) - He hated the person who destroyed his family to the bone.
Idiomatic/Formal— A mixture of love and hate. This describes a complex emotional state where conflicting feelings of affection and animosity coexist towards the same person or thing.
他对他的老师爱恨交加，既感激又觉得被误解。(Tā duì tā de lǎoshī ài hèn jiāojiā, jì gǎnjī yòu juéde bèi wùjiě.) - He had a mixture of love and hate for his teacher, feeling both grateful and misunderstood.
Idiomatic/Neutral— To forget favors and betray kindness; ungrateful. While not directly about hatred, this behavior often leads to feelings of resentment and can be a precursor or component of hatred.
他忘恩负义的行为，让所有人都对他感到失望。(Tā wàng ēn fù yì de xíngwéi, ràng suǒyǒu rén dōu duì tā gǎndào shīwàng.) - His ungrateful behavior disappointed everyone.
Idiomatic/Neutral— To repay kindness with enmity; to return good with evil. This is a direct manifestation of developing hatred or hostility after receiving kindness.
他恩将仇报，让帮助他的人非常伤心。(Tā ēn jiāng chóu bào, ràng bāngzhù tā de rén fēicháng shāngxīn.) - He repaid kindness with enmity, making the person who helped him very sad.
Idiomatic/Formal— Endless; ceaseless. Often used to describe conflicts or hatred that seem to have no end.
这种无休无止的争斗，只会带来更多的痛苦。(Zhè zhǒng wú xiū wú zhǐ de zhēngdòu, zhǐ huì dài lái gèng duō de tòngkǔ.) - This endless fighting will only bring more suffering.
Idiomatic/FormalEasily Confused
Both relate to the concept of hating.
<strong class='font-semibold'>恨</strong> is primarily a verb ('to hate'), while <strong class='font-semibold'>仇恨</strong> is primarily a noun ('hatred'). <strong class='font-semibold'>仇恨</strong> often implies a deeper, more ingrained, and socially/historically significant level of animosity than the more general verb <strong class='font-semibold'>恨</strong>.
我<strong class='font-semibold'>恨</strong>他。(Wǒ hèn tā.) - I hate him. (Verb). <strong class='font-semibold'>仇恨</strong>是破坏性的。(Chóuhèn shì pòhuàixìng de.) - Hatred is destructive. (Noun).
Both describe negative dispositions towards others.
<strong class='font-semibold'>敌意</strong> means 'hostility' or 'ill will', often describing an attitude or a state of antagonism. <strong class='font-semibold'>仇恨</strong> is a more intense and profound emotion, a deeper form of animosity that can fuel <strong class='font-semibold'>敌意</strong>. You can have <strong class='font-semibold'>敌意</strong> without necessarily feeling <strong class='font-semibold'>仇恨</strong>, but <strong class='font-semibold'>仇恨</strong> almost always involves <strong class='font-semibold'>敌意</strong>.
两国之间存在<strong class='font-semibold'>敌意</strong>。(Liǎng guó zhī jiān cúnzài dývì.) - There is hostility between the two countries. (General antagonism). <strong class='font-semibold'>仇恨</strong>是导致这种<strong class='font-semibold'>敌意</strong>的原因之一。(Chóuhèn shì dǎozhì zhè zhǒng dývì de yuányīn zhī yī.) - Hatred is one of the reasons for this hostility. (Deep-seated emotion).
Both involve negative feelings stemming from perceived wrongs.
<strong class='font-semibold'>怨恨</strong> means 'resentment' or 'grudge'. It's a feeling of bitterness and displeasure due to a perceived wrong or injustice. <strong class='font-semibold'>仇恨</strong> is a stronger, more intense form of hatred that goes beyond mere resentment. While resentment can be a component of hatred, <strong class='font-semibold'>仇恨</strong> implies a deeper, more pervasive animosity and often a desire for harm.
他对老板的<strong class='font-semibold'>怨恨</strong>越来越深。(Tā duì lǎobǎn de yuànhèn yuè lái yuè shēn.) - His resentment towards the boss grew deeper. (Bitterness over a wrong). 这种<strong class='font-semibold'>怨恨</strong>最终可能演变成<strong class='font-semibold'>仇恨</strong>。(Zhè zhǒng yuànhèn zuìzhōng kěnéng yǎnbiàn chéng chóuhèn.) - This resentment might eventually develop into hatred. (Intense animosity).
Both are strong verbs/nouns related to hating.
<strong class='font-semibold'>憎恨</strong> is primarily a verb meaning 'to hate' or 'to detest' with strong loathing. <strong class='font-semibold'>仇恨</strong> is primarily a noun meaning 'hatred'. While <strong class='font-semibold'>憎恨</strong> can sometimes be used as a noun conceptually, <strong class='font-semibold'>仇恨</strong> is the more established and common noun for the abstract concept of hatred, often with broader social or historical implications.
我<strong class='font-semibold'>憎恨</strong>不公正。(Wǒ zēnghèn bù gōngzhèng.) - I detest injustice. (Verb). <strong class='font-semibold'>仇恨</strong>是社会不公的产物。(Chóuhèn shì shèhuì bùgōng de chǎnwù.) - Hatred is a product of social injustice. (Noun).
Both express strong negative feelings.
<strong class='font-semibold'>厌恶</strong> means 'disgust' or 'aversion', often involving a sense of revulsion or finding something repulsive. <strong class='font-semibold'>仇恨</strong> is more about intense animosity and hostility, often with a desire for the object of hatred to suffer or be harmed. You can feel <strong class='font-semibold'>厌恶</strong> towards something without necessarily hating it, and <strong class='font-semibold'>仇恨</strong> is a more active and potent form of negative emotion.
我对他的行为感到<strong class='font-semibold'>厌恶</strong>。(Wǒ duì tā de xíngwéi gǎndào yànwù.) - I feel disgusted by his behavior. (Revulsion). 他对敌人<strong class='font-semibold'>怀有</strong><strong class='font-semibold'>仇恨</strong>，希望他们失败。(Tā duì dírén huáiyǒu chóuhèn, xīwàng tāmen shībài.) - He harbored hatred for the enemy, wishing for their failure. (Active animosity).
Sentence Patterns
Subject + 充满 + <strong class='font-semibold'>仇恨</strong>
他的心<strong class='font-semibold'>充满</strong>了<strong class='font-semibold'>仇恨</strong>。(Tā de xīn chōngmǎn le chóuhèn.) - His heart was full of hatred.
Verb + <strong class='font-semibold'>仇恨</strong>
我们应该<strong class='font-semibold'>消除</strong><strong class='font-semibold'>仇恨</strong>。(Wǒmen yīnggāi xiāochú chóuhèn.) - We should eliminate hatred.
<strong class='font-semibold'>仇恨</strong> + Noun
这是<strong class='font-semibold'>仇恨</strong><strong class='font-semibold'>言论</strong>。(Zhè shì chóuhèn yánlùn.) - This is hate speech.
对 + Object + 怀有/<strong class='font-semibold'>充满</strong> + <strong class='font-semibold'>仇恨</strong>
他对那个国家<strong class='font-semibold'>怀有</strong><strong class='font-semibold'>仇恨</strong>。(Tā duì nàge guójiā huáiyǒu chóuhèn.) - He harbored hatred towards that country.
煽动/<strong class='font-semibold'>制造</strong> + <strong class='font-semibold'>仇恨</strong>
他们试图<strong class='font-semibold'>煽动</strong><strong class='font-semibold'>仇恨</strong>。(Tāmen shìtú shāndòng chóuhèn.) - They tried to incite hatred.
<strong class='font-semibold'>仇恨</strong> + 是 + Adjective/Noun Phrase
<strong class='font-semibold'>仇恨</strong>是破坏性的力量。(Chóuhèn shì pòhuàixìng de lìliàng.) - Hatred is a destructive force.
克服/<strong class='font-semibold'>化解</strong> + <strong class='font-semibold'>仇恨</strong>
这需要时间来<strong class='font-semibold'>化解</strong><strong class='font-semibold'>仇恨</strong>。(Zhè xūyào shíjiān lái huàjiě chóuhèn.) - It takes time to resolve hatred.
根源在于 + <strong class='font-semibold'>仇恨</strong> (Gēnyuán zàiyú chóuhèn)
许多冲突的<strong class='font-semibold'>根源在于</strong><strong class='font-semibold'>仇恨</strong>。(Xǔduō chōngtū de gēnyuán zàiyú chóuhèn.) - The root of many conflicts lies in hatred.
Word Family
Nouns
Verbs
Related
How to Use It
Medium (in specific contexts, high)
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Using <strong class='font-semibold'>仇恨</strong> for mild dislike.
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Using <strong class='font-semibold'>讨厌</strong> (tǎoyàn) or <strong class='font-semibold'>不喜欢</strong> (bù xǐhuān).
<strong class='font-semibold'>仇恨</strong> signifies intense animosity. For everyday dislikes, <strong class='font-semibold'>讨厌</strong> is much more appropriate and natural. For example, saying 'I hate this weather' should be <strong class='font-semibold'>我讨厌这个天气</strong>, not <strong class='font-semibold'>我仇恨这个天气</strong>.
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Confusing <strong class='font-semibold'>仇恨</strong> (noun) with <strong class='font-semibold'>恨</strong> (verb).
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Using <strong class='font-semibold'>恨</strong> or <strong class='font-semibold'>憎恨</strong> (zēnghèn) as verbs.
<strong class='font-semibold'>仇恨</strong> is the noun for hatred. To express the action of hating, use the verb <strong class='font-semibold'>恨</strong> or the stronger verb <strong class='font-semibold'>憎恨</strong>. For example, 'I hate him' is <strong class='font-semibold'>我恨他</strong>, not <strong class='font-semibold'>我仇恨他</strong>.
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Using <strong class='font-semibold'>仇恨</strong> for temporary anger.
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Using <strong class='font-semibold'>生气</strong> (shēngqì) for anger.
<strong class='font-semibold'>生气</strong> means 'angry' and refers to a transient emotional state. <strong class='font-semibold'>仇恨</strong> implies a deep-seated, persistent animosity. Reacting to a minor inconvenience with <strong class='font-semibold'>仇恨</strong> is an overstatement.
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Overusing <strong class='font-semibold'>仇恨</strong> in informal contexts.
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Using <strong class='font-semibold'>仇恨</strong> only when the intensity of the emotion truly warrants it.
<strong class='font-semibold'>仇恨</strong> carries significant emotional and social weight. Its overuse in casual conversation can make it lose its impact or sound overly dramatic. For less intense negative feelings, opt for <strong class='font-semibold'>讨厌</strong> or <strong class='font-semibold'>反感</strong>.
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Treating <strong class='font-semibold'>仇恨</strong> as a direct adjective.
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Using it as a noun or as part of compound words like <strong class='font-semibold'>仇恨言论</strong>.
While <strong class='font-semibold'>仇恨</strong> can modify nouns in compound words (like <strong class='font-semibold'>仇恨言论</strong>), it doesn't function as a standalone adjective in the same way 'hateful' does in English. You wouldn't say <strong class='font-semibold'>仇恨的</strong> (chóuhèn de) directly before a noun unless it's part of a specific structure or idiom.
Tips
Distinguish from Milder Emotions
Remember that 仇恨 is a very strong word. Avoid using it for simple dislikes or temporary anger. Use 讨厌 (tǎoyàn) for 'dislike' and 生气 (shēngqì) for 'angry'.
Noun vs. Verb
仇恨 is primarily a noun. If you want to express the verb 'to hate', use 恨 (hèn) or 憎恨 (zēnghèn).
Serious Topics
You'll most commonly encounter 仇恨 in discussions about serious topics like historical conflicts, social injustice, prejudice, and political extremism.
Common Pairs
Pay attention to common collocations like 仇恨言论 (hate speech) and 深仇大恨 (deep-seated hatred) as they provide context and specific usage examples.
Connect Sounds
Try associating 'chóu' with 'Chow' (dog) and 'hèn' with 'hate'. Imagine a vicious Chow dog that embodies your deepest hatred.
Cultural Nuance
While strong emotions are acknowledged, direct expression of 仇恨 in everyday Chinese conversation might be less common than in some English-speaking contexts. It's often reserved for significant issues.
Alternatives
For milder negative feelings, consider 讨厌 (tǎoyàn), 反感 (fǎngǎn), or 敌意 (dývì) depending on the nuance.
Opposites
The main opposites of 仇恨 are words related to positive emotions and relationships like 爱 (ài - love) and 和平 (hépíng - peace).
Use in Sentences
Practice constructing sentences using 仇恨 in various contexts, such as describing historical events or social issues. Focus on correct grammatical patterns.
Emotional Weight
仇恨 is a word with significant emotional and social weight. Use it thoughtfully and accurately to avoid trivializing serious issues or sounding overly dramatic.
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Imagine a 'CHow' (chóu) dog that you intensely 'Hate' (hèn). This Chow dog embodies all your hatred. The sound 'chóu' can remind you of 'Chow', and 'hèn' sounds like 'hate'.
Visual Association
Picture a dark, stormy cloud labeled '仇恨' hanging over a battlefield or a divided city. The storm represents the destructive and pervasive nature of hatred.
Word Web
Challenge
Try to describe a historical conflict using the word 仇恨. Focus on the emotions and motivations involved. Then, try to explain why 仇恨 is different from simple anger.
Word Origin
The word 仇恨 is a compound word formed from two characters, 仇 (chóu) and 恨 (hèn). Both characters relate to negative emotions and conflict. The character 仇 originally meant 'enemy' or 'foe', and by extension, 'revenge' or 'hatred' stemming from enmity. The character 恨 directly translates to 'hate', 'dislike', or 'regret'.
Original meaning: The combination of 仇 (enemy/enmity) and 恨 (hate) creates a direct and powerful expression of deep-seated animosity.
Sino-TibetanCultural Context
The word 仇恨 carries significant negative weight. It should be used with caution and only when accurately reflecting intense animosity or hostility. Using it for minor dislikes or fleeting anger would be inappropriate and could trivialize the concept.
In English-speaking cultures, 'hatred' is also a strong word, often associated with prejudice, discrimination, and conflict. The concept is widely explored in literature, history, and psychology, similar to its role in Chinese culture. The term 'hate crime' is also a significant legal and social concept.
Practice in Real Life
Real-World Contexts
Discussions about war and historical conflicts.
- 历史上的<strong class='font-semibold'>仇恨</strong> (lìshǐ shang de chóuhèn) - historical hatred
- 民族<strong class='font-semibold'>仇恨</strong> (mínzú chóuhèn) - ethnic hatred
- 消除<strong class='font-semibold'>仇恨</strong> (xiāochú chóuhèn) - eliminate hatred
Analyzing social issues like prejudice and discrimination.
- 反对<strong class='font-semibold'>仇恨</strong> (fǎnduì chóuhèn) - oppose hatred
- <strong class='font-semibold'>仇恨</strong>言论 (<strong class='font-semibold'>chóuhèn</strong> yánlùn) - hate speech
- <strong class='font-semibold'>仇恨</strong>犯罪 (<strong class='font-semibold'>chóuhèn</strong> fànzuì) - hate crime
Political discourse, especially concerning propaganda and extremism.
- 煽动<strong class='font-semibold'>仇恨</strong> (shāndòng chóuhèn) - incite hatred
- <strong class='font-semibold'>仇恨</strong>意识形态 (<strong class='font-semibold'>chóuhèn</strong> yìshí xíngtài) - hateful ideology
- 遏制<strong class='font-semibold'>仇恨</strong> (èzhì chóuhèn) - curb hatred
Literature and media exploring intense negative emotions.
- 深<strong class='font-semibold'>仇</strong>大<strong class='font-semibold'>恨</strong> (shēn chóu dà hèn) - deep-seated hatred
- 充满<strong class='font-semibold'>仇恨</strong> (chōngmǎn chóuhèn) - full of hatred
- 爱<strong class='font-semibold'>恨</strong>交加 (ài hèn jiāojiā) - mixed feelings of love and hate
Discussions about overcoming personal or societal animosity.
- 化解<strong class='font-semibold'>仇恨</strong> (huàjiě chóuhèn) - resolve hatred
- 根除<strong class='font-semibold'>仇恨</strong> (gēnchú chóuhèn) - eradicate hatred
- 用爱代替<strong class='font-semibold'>仇恨</strong> (yòng ài dàitì chóuhèn) - replace hatred with love
Conversation Starters
"What are some historical examples of 仇恨 leading to major conflicts?"
"How can societies effectively combat 仇恨 speech online?"
"In your opinion, what are the main causes behind deep-seated 仇恨 between groups?"
"Can education truly help to eliminate 仇恨? Why or why not?"
"What is the difference between anger and 仇恨 in your own words?"
Journal Prompts
Reflect on a time you witnessed or experienced strong negative feelings. Describe the situation and whether the emotion could be classified as <strong class='font-semibold'>仇恨</strong> or something else.
Imagine a world where <strong class='font-semibold'>仇恨</strong> has been completely eradicated. What would that world look like, and what steps would humanity have taken to achieve it?
Write about a fictional character who is driven by <strong class='font-semibold'>仇恨</strong>. Explore the origins of their hatred and its impact on their life and the lives of others.
Consider the role of media in either fueling or mitigating <strong class='font-semibold'>仇恨</strong>. Provide examples from news or social media.
What personal strategies can one employ to prevent <strong class='font-semibold'>仇恨</strong> from taking root in their own heart, especially when faced with injustice or conflict?
Frequently Asked Questions
10 questions仇恨 (chóuhèn) is primarily a noun meaning 'hatred' or 'hostility'. It often refers to a deep-seated, intense, and sometimes socially or historically significant feeling of animosity. 恨 (hèn) is primarily a verb meaning 'to hate'. While it can sometimes be used as a noun, 仇恨 is the more standard and stronger term for the abstract concept of hatred, often carrying more weight in terms of societal or political implications.
No, 仇恨 is a very strong word for intense hatred or hostility. For everyday dislikes or annoyances, you should use milder words like 讨厌 (tǎoyàn - to dislike) or 不喜欢 (bù xǐhuān - to not like). Using 仇恨 for minor dislikes would be a significant overstatement and sound unnatural.
Some common phrases include 深仇大恨 (shēn chóu dà hèn - deep-seated hatred), 仇恨言论 (chóuhèn yánlùn - hate speech), 仇恨犯罪 (chóuhèn fànzuì - hate crime), 煽动仇恨 (shāndòng chóuhèn - to incite hatred), and 消除仇恨 (xiāochú chóuhèn - to eliminate hatred).
Yes, 仇恨 is inherently a negative emotion, signifying intense animosity and hostility. It is generally considered destructive and harmful, both on an individual and societal level. While some might argue for 'righteous anger' or a justified opposition to evil, the term 仇恨 itself denotes a powerful negative affective state.
敌意 means 'hostility' or 'ill will', which can describe an attitude or a state of antagonism. 仇恨 is a deeper, more intense emotion of hatred that can be a root cause or a driving force behind 敌意. While 敌意 can exist without profound 仇恨, 仇恨 almost always involves 敌意.
憎恨 is primarily a verb meaning 'to hate' or 'to detest' with strong loathing. 仇恨 is primarily a noun meaning 'hatred'. While 憎恨 can sometimes be used as a noun conceptually, 仇恨 is the more established and common noun for the abstract concept of hatred, often with broader social or historical implications.
Yes, 仇恨 can be used metaphorically, though its strong literal meaning often makes such uses impactful. For example, one might speak of 'seeds of hatred' being sown, referring to the beginning of animosity. However, its primary use remains literal, describing intense negative emotions.
仇恨 can lead to severe negative consequences, including conflict, violence, discrimination, prejudice, and social division. On a personal level, it can cause significant emotional distress and damage relationships. Societally, it can fuel wars, genocides, and long-lasting intergroup antagonism.
While direct and overt expression of 仇恨 might be less common in everyday interactions compared to some Western cultures, it is a significant theme in historical narratives, literature, and discussions of social issues. Concepts like 深仇大恨 (deep-seated hatred) highlight its recognized intensity and impact. Modern discourse also addresses 仇恨言论 and its societal implications.
The primary antonyms for 仇恨 (hatred) are words related to positive emotions and relationships, such as 爱 (ài - love), 喜爱 (xǐ'ài - liking/fondness), 友谊 (yǒuyì - friendship), and 和平 (hépíng - peace).
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Summary
仇恨 (chóuhèn) signifies deep-seated hatred or hostility, a powerful negative emotion often associated with conflicts, prejudice, and historical grievances, distinct from fleeting anger or simple dislike.
- Hatred; deep, intense hostility.
- Strong negative emotion, animosity.
- Used for serious conflicts and prejudice.
- More than just anger or dislike.
Distinguish from Milder Emotions
Remember that 仇恨 is a very strong word. Avoid using it for simple dislikes or temporary anger. Use 讨厌 (tǎoyàn) for 'dislike' and 生气 (shēngqì) for 'angry'.
Noun vs. Verb
仇恨 is primarily a noun. If you want to express the verb 'to hate', use 恨 (hèn) or 憎恨 (zēnghèn).
Serious Topics
You'll most commonly encounter 仇恨 in discussions about serious topics like historical conflicts, social injustice, prejudice, and political extremism.
Common Pairs
Pay attention to common collocations like 仇恨言论 (hate speech) and 深仇大恨 (deep-seated hatred) as they provide context and specific usage examples.
Related Content
This Word in Other Languages
More emotions words
有点
A1A little; somewhat; rather.
一点
A1A little; a bit; slightly.
可恶
A2Hateful; detestable; abominable.
心不在焉
A2Absent-minded; preoccupied.
接受地
A2Acceptingly; receptively.
成就感
B1Sense of achievement; fulfillment.
撒娇
A2To act like a spoiled child; to act cute.
上瘾
B1To be addicted to something.
沉迷
A2To be addicted to; to be engrossed in.
敬佩
B1Admiration; respect; reverence.
