上瘾
上瘾 in 30 Seconds
- To be addicted to something.
- Develops a compulsive need, hard to stop.
- Can apply to substances, activities, or digital content.
- Often has negative connotations.
- Meaning
- The Chinese word '上瘾' (shàng yǐn) directly translates to 'addicted to'. It is a verb used to describe a state where someone has developed a strong, often unhealthy, dependence on something, making it difficult for them to stop. This can apply to a wide range of things, from substances like drugs and alcohol to activities and even digital content.
- Usage Context
- People use '上瘾' when they want to express that a habit has become compulsive or uncontrollable. It carries a negative connotation, implying a loss of control and potential harm. For example, someone might say they are addicted to video games, social media, or even certain foods if their consumption has become excessive and difficult to moderate. It's also used in more serious contexts, like drug addiction. The intensity of the addiction can be described using adverbs, such as '非常上瘾' (fēicháng shàng yǐn - very addicted) or '有点上瘾' (yǒudiǎn shàng yǐn - a little addicted).
- Examples in Context
- You might hear this in discussions about health and lifestyle choices. For instance, a doctor might warn a patient about the addictive potential of certain medications. Friends might jokingly say they are 'addicted' to a popular new TV show, but the underlying meaning is that they find it very engaging and hard to put down. In more serious conversations, it's used to discuss addiction to substances or behaviors that negatively impact one's life.
我最近对这个游戏 上瘾 了,每天都玩好几个小时。
很多人都 上瘾 于社交媒体,每天花费大量时间。
- Nuance
- The term '上瘾' implies a loss of control and can lead to negative consequences. It's not simply about liking something a lot; it's about having a compulsive need that is difficult to resist. The severity of the addiction can range from mild to severe, depending on the context and the object of addiction.
- Common Subjects of Addiction
- Common subjects of addiction include: drugs (毒品 dúpǐn), alcohol (酒精 jiǔjīng), smoking (抽烟 chōuyān), gambling (赌博 dǔbó), video games (电子游戏 diànzǐ yóuxì), social media (社交媒体 shèjiāo méitǐ), shopping (购物 gòuwù), and even certain foods (食物 shíwù).
- Basic Structure
- The most common structure is: Subject + 上瘾 + (了 le - optional particle indicating a change of state or completion).
- With Objects of Addiction
- You can specify what someone is addicted to by placing the object before '上瘾'. For example: 我对咖啡上瘾 (Wǒ duì kāfēi shàng yǐn) - I am addicted to coffee.
- Using Adverbs to Modify Intensity
- Adverbs can be used to describe the degree of addiction. Common adverbs include: 非常 (fēicháng - very), 极度 (jídù - extremely), 有点 (yǒudiǎn - a little), 严重 (yánzhòng - seriously).
- Using Verbs Before 上瘾
- Sometimes, a verb describing the action related to the addiction can precede '上瘾'. For example: 玩游戏上瘾 (wán yóuxì shàng yǐn) - to become addicted to playing games.
他 上瘾 了,每天都要花很多钱在赌博上。
过度使用手机会让人 上瘾。
- More Complex Sentences
- You can also use clauses to explain the consequences or reasons for addiction. For example: '因为工作压力太大,他开始 上瘾 抽烟了' (Yīnwèi gōngzuò yālì tài dà, tā kāishǐ shàng yǐn chōuyān le) - Because the work pressure was too great, he started to get addicted to smoking.
- Negative Sentences
- To form negative sentences, you typically use '没有' (méiyǒu) or '不' (bù) before '上瘾', but it's more common to rephrase or use alternative structures to express the absence of addiction. For instance, instead of saying '我没有上瘾' (I am not addicted), one might say '我对这个不太感兴趣' (I am not very interested in this) or '我能够控制自己' (I can control myself).
- Everyday Conversations
- You'll frequently hear '上瘾' in casual conversations among friends and family. People might use it humorously to describe an intense liking for a new hobby, a delicious food, or a binge-worthy TV series. For example, '这个电视剧太好看了,我有点 上瘾 了!' (Zhège diànshìjù tài hǎokàn le, wǒ yǒudiǎn shàng yǐn le!) - This TV show is so good, I'm a little addicted! This usage is generally lighthearted.
- News and Media
- In news reports and media discussions, '上瘾' is used to address more serious issues like drug addiction, gambling addiction, and the potential for addiction to technology, such as social media and video games. You might hear it in documentaries, public service announcements, or news articles discussing societal problems. For example, a news segment might discuss the rising rates of internet addiction among young people: '网络 上瘾 成为一个日益严重的问题' (Wǎngluò shàng yǐn chéngwéi yīgè rìyì yánzhòng de wèntí) - Internet addiction has become an increasingly serious problem.
- Health and Wellness Discussions
- In contexts related to health, psychology, and addiction treatment, '上瘾' is a key term. Therapists, counselors, and medical professionals use it to describe compulsive behaviors and dependencies. Discussions about quitting smoking, overcoming alcoholism, or managing behavioral addictions will invariably use this word. For instance, '戒烟非常困难,因为尼古丁会让人 上瘾' (Jièyān fēicháng kùnnán, yīnwèi nígǔdīng huì ràng rén shàng yǐn) - Quitting smoking is very difficult because nicotine is addictive.
- Educational Settings
- In language learning or social studies classes, '上瘾' might be introduced as a vocabulary word to discuss various aspects of human behavior and societal issues. Teachers might use it in example sentences to illustrate its meaning and usage in different scenarios. It's also used in discussions about the psychological effects of certain activities or substances.
- Parenting Advice
- Parents might use '上瘾' when talking about their children's excessive use of screens or video games. For example, a parent might say, '我担心我的孩子 上瘾 到手机了' (Wǒ dānxīn wǒ de hái zi shàng yǐn dào shǒujī le) - I'm worried my child is addicted to their phone. This highlights the concern about children developing unhealthy dependencies.
新闻报道经常讨论青少年 上瘾 于网络游戏的问题。
- Confusing with Strong Liking
- A common mistake is using '上瘾' when one simply has a strong liking for something, rather than a compulsive need. While it can be used hyperbolically, overuse in this manner can dilute its serious meaning. For example, saying '我上瘾了吃饺子' (I'm addicted to eating dumplings) might sound a bit too strong for just enjoying dumplings. A better phrasing for strong liking would be '我非常喜欢吃饺子' (Wǒ fēicháng xǐhuān chī jiǎozi - I really like eating dumplings).
- Incorrect Placement of '了'
- The particle '了' (le) is often used with '上瘾' to indicate a change of state, meaning someone has *become* addicted. Omitting it when the addiction is a recent development can sound unnatural. For instance, '我上瘾' (Wǒ shàng yǐn) is grammatically correct but often implies an ongoing state or a general tendency. '我上瘾了' (Wǒ shàng yǐn le) more clearly states that the addiction has started or progressed.
- Overuse in Negative Sentences
- Directly negating '上瘾' with '不' (bù) or '没有' (méiyǒu) can sometimes sound awkward or less natural in Chinese. For example, '我不上瘾' (Wǒ bù shàng yǐn) is understandable but less common than saying '我对...不感兴趣' (Wǒ duì... bù gǎn xìngqù - I am not interested in...) or '我能控制自己' (Wǒ néng kòngzhì zìjǐ - I can control myself). The concept of not being addicted is often expressed by describing one's ability to resist or lack of compulsion.
- Incorrect Prepositional Phrases
- When specifying what someone is addicted to, the preposition '对' (duì) is often used before the object of addiction. Forgetting to use '对' can lead to sentences like '我咖啡上瘾' which is less idiomatic than '我对咖啡上瘾' (Wǒ duì kāfēi shàng yǐn). The structure '对...上瘾' is very common.
- Using '上瘾' for Temporary Fascination
- '上瘾' implies a persistent and difficult-to-break habit. Using it for a temporary, fleeting fascination is inaccurate. For instance, if you're just briefly captivated by a beautiful sunset, saying '我对这个日落上瘾了' (I'm addicted to this sunset) would be an exaggeration. Better to use words like '着迷' (zháomí - fascinated) or '吸引' (xīyǐn - attracted).
Incorrect: 我游戏上瘾。
Incorrect: 他是上瘾的。
- 着迷 (zháomí)
- Meaning: To be fascinated by, engrossed in, captivated by.
Difference: '着迷' is generally less severe than '上瘾'. It describes a strong interest or absorption that might be temporary or doesn't necessarily imply a loss of control or negative consequences. You can be '着迷' by a book, a movie, or a beautiful view without it being an addiction.
Example: 我对这部电影 着迷 了,看了三遍。 (Wǒ duì zhè bù diànyǐng zháomí le, kàn le sān biàn.) - I was fascinated by this movie, I watched it three times. (This doesn't mean addiction, just strong interest.) - 沉迷 (chénmí)
- Meaning: To be engrossed in, indulge in, obsessed with.
Difference: '沉迷' is closer to '上瘾' than '着迷' and often carries a negative connotation of being excessively involved in something, to the detriment of other aspects of life. It implies a deeper level of involvement and can be used for both positive (e.g., art) and negative (e.g., gambling) pursuits, but it strongly suggests a lack of moderation.
Example: 他 沉迷 于网络游戏,荒废了学业。 (Tā chénmí yú wǎngluò yóuxì, huāngfèi le xuéyè.) - He became engrossed in online games, neglecting his studies. (This implies a negative consequence.) - 依赖 (yīlài)
- Meaning: To rely on, dependence.
Difference: '依赖' is a broader term that means to depend on something or someone. While addiction involves dependence, not all dependence is addiction. For example, you might '依赖' a particular tool to do your job, which is functional. Addiction implies a compulsive and often harmful dependence.
Example: 孩子 依赖 父母照顾。 (Hái zi yīlài fùmǔ zhàogù.) - The child depends on their parents for care. (This is normal dependence, not addiction.) - 迷恋 (míliàn)
- Meaning: To be infatuated with, to be madly in love with.
Difference: '迷恋' is typically used to describe strong romantic or obsessive feelings towards a person or thing, often with an emotional and sometimes irrational component. It's not usually used for behavioral or substance addictions.
Example: 他 迷恋 上了那个明星。 (Tā míliàn shàng le nàgè míngxīng.) - He became infatuated with that star. (This describes a strong, perhaps unrequited, admiration.) - 癖好 (pǐhào)
- Meaning: A peculiar habit, a quirk, an addiction (in a milder sense).
Difference: '癖好' often refers to a specific, sometimes unusual, habit or preference that someone has. It can be used for things that are not necessarily harmful, like collecting stamps, but can also refer to mild addictions or strong inclinations. It's less about a compulsive need and more about a strong liking or habit.
Example: 他有收藏旧书的 癖好。 (Tā yǒu shōucáng jiùshū de pǐhào.) - He has a penchant for collecting old books. (This is a hobby or quirk.)
'上瘾' implies a compulsive and often harmful dependence, while '着迷' suggests strong fascination without necessarily implying a loss of control.
How Formal Is It?
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Fun Fact
The character '瘾' (yǐn) is often associated with the character '因' (yīn), which means 'cause' or 'reason'. This connection might suggest that addiction arises from certain causes or reasons. The character '心' (xīn - heart) is also a radical in '瘾', hinting at the psychological and emotional aspect of addiction.
Pronunciation Guide
- Incorrect tones: Mandarin Chinese is a tonal language. Mispronouncing the tones for 'shàng' (fourth tone, falling) and 'yǐn' (third tone, falling-rising) can change the meaning or make the word unintelligible.
- Confusing 'sh' with 's': The initial sound in 'shàng' is a retroflex fricative, different from the alveolar 's'.
- Incorrect vowel sounds: The 'ang' in 'shàng' and the 'in' in 'yǐn' need to be pronounced correctly.
- Adding extra sounds: Avoid adding extra sounds or diphthongs where they don't exist.
- Pronouncing it as a single word: It's two distinct syllables.
Difficulty Rating
Recognizing '上瘾' in reading materials is generally straightforward, especially in contexts discussing health, lifestyle, or social issues. The structure '对...上瘾' is common and predictable. Understanding the nuances between '上瘾', '沉迷', and '着迷' might require more advanced comprehension.
Using '上瘾' correctly in writing requires understanding its grammatical patterns, particularly the use of '对' and the particle '了'. Distinguishing its usage from similar words like '沉迷' and '着迷' is crucial for accurate expression.
Pronouncing '上瘾' with the correct tones is essential for clear communication. Using it appropriately in conversation, especially differentiating between casual hyperbole and serious addiction, requires contextual awareness.
Identifying '上瘾' in spoken Chinese is usually not difficult due to its distinct pronunciation. However, understanding the speaker's intent—whether they are using it humorously or seriously—depends on the surrounding context and tone of voice.
What to Learn Next
Prerequisites
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Grammar to Know
The structure '对 + Noun + 上瘾' is commonly used to indicate what someone is addicted to.
我对甜食 上瘾。
The particle '了' (le) is often used with '上瘾' to indicate a change of state, meaning someone has become addicted.
他玩游戏 上瘾了。
Adverbs like '有点' (a little), '非常' (very), '极度' (extremely) can modify the degree of addiction.
我 有点 上瘾。
Verbs can precede '上瘾' to specify the addictive action, e.g., '玩游戏上瘾' (playing games becomes addictive).
过度 玩游戏 上瘾。
When negating addiction, it's often more natural to rephrase than to directly use '不' or '没有' before '上瘾'.
Instead of '我不上瘾', use '我对这个不太感兴趣' (I'm not very interested in this).
Examples by Level
我喜欢看电视。
I like to watch TV.
Simple present tense, expressing liking.
这个游戏很有趣。
This game is very interesting.
Adjective use to describe something.
我每天都玩。
I play every day.
Using adverbs of frequency.
我不想停下来。
I don't want to stop.
Expressing negation and desire.
妈妈说我玩太多了。
Mom says I play too much.
Reported speech, expressing advice.
我有点喜欢这个。
I like this a little.
Using '有点' for mild liking.
我想一直玩。
I want to play all the time.
Expressing continuous desire.
我不想睡觉。
I don't want to sleep.
Negating a desire for sleep.
我对这个游戏有点儿上瘾。
I'm a little addicted to this game.
Using '有点儿' (a little) with '上瘾'.
我每天花很多时间玩手机。
I spend a lot of time playing on my phone every day.
Using '花时间' (spend time) and '很多' (a lot).
我控制不了自己。
I can't control myself.
Expressing inability to control behavior.
他们说这是不健康的。
They say this is unhealthy.
Using '不健康' (unhealthy) and reported speech.
我需要少玩一些。
I need to play less.
Using '需要' (need) and '少' (less).
我喜欢看电视,但不能一直看。
I like watching TV, but I can't watch it all the time.
Using '但' (but) to contrast desires.
这个爱好让人有点上瘾。
This hobby is a bit addictive.
Using '爱好' (hobby) and '有点上瘾'.
我尝试减少玩的时间。
I'm trying to reduce the time I play.
Using '尝试' (try) and '减少' (reduce).
我对电子游戏 上瘾 了,每天晚上都玩到很晚。
I've become addicted to video games, playing until very late every night.
Using '对...上瘾' structure and time expressions.
很多人 上瘾 于社交媒体,花费大量时间在上面。
Many people are addicted to social media, spending a lot of time on it.
Using '花费时间' (spend time) and '在上面' (on it).
他戒烟 上瘾 了,但很难成功。
He became addicted to quitting smoking, but it's hard to succeed.
Using '戒烟' (quit smoking) and expressing difficulty.
这种零食非常美味,很容易让人 上瘾。
This snack is very delicious and very easy to get addicted to.
Using '美味' (delicious) and '很容易' (very easy).
过度沉迷于工作可能会导致 上瘾。
Excessive indulgence in work can lead to addiction.
Using '过度沉迷' (excessive indulgence) and '导致' (lead to).
我发现自己对咖啡 上瘾 了,早上不喝就没精神。
I find myself addicted to coffee; without it in the morning, I have no energy.
Using '发现' (find) and expressing consequences of not having it.
虽然知道不好,但还是 上瘾 了。
Although I know it's not good, I've still become addicted.
Using '虽然...但' (although...but) to express conflict.
我们需要帮助那些 上瘾 的人。
We need to help those who are addicted.
Using '需要' (need) and referring to addicted people.
网络 上瘾 已经成为一个影响全球的社会问题。
Internet addiction has become a global social problem.
Using '已经成为' (has become) and '影响全球' (affecting the globe).
许多青少年 上瘾 于短视频平台,导致注意力难以集中。
Many teenagers are addicted to short video platforms, leading to difficulty concentrating.
Using '青少年' (teenagers), '平台' (platform), and '导致' (leading to).
治疗 上瘾 症需要长期的专业干预。
Treating addiction requires long-term professional intervention.
Using '治疗' (treat), '症' (syndrome/condition), and '专业干预' (professional intervention).
他 上瘾 的行为严重影响了他的家庭关系。
His addictive behavior severely impacted his family relationships.
Using '行为' (behavior) and '严重影响' (severely impacted).
尽管知道风险,他仍然 上瘾 于赌博。
Despite knowing the risks, he is still addicted to gambling.
Using '尽管' (despite) and '风险' (risks).
研究表明,某些药物的成瘾性极高,容易让人 上瘾。
Research shows that some drugs are highly addictive and easily lead to addiction.
Using '研究表明' (research shows), '成瘾性' (addictiveness), and '极高' (extremely high).
防止 上瘾 的关键在于从小培养健康的兴趣爱好。
The key to preventing addiction lies in cultivating healthy hobbies from a young age.
Using '防止' (prevent), '关键在于' (the key lies in), and '培养' (cultivate).
他曾是一位 上瘾 者,但通过治疗成功康复了。
He was once an addict, but successfully recovered through treatment.
Using '曾是' (was once) and '康复' (recover).
这种新型毒品具有极强的精神活性,极易导致使用者 上瘾。
This new type of drug has extremely strong psychoactive properties, making it very easy for users to become addicted.
Using '新型毒品' (new type of drug), '精神活性' (psychoactive properties), and '极易' (extremely easy).
过度 上瘾 于某些行为模式,可能源于深层的心理创伤。
Addiction to certain behavioral patterns may stem from deep psychological trauma.
Using '行为模式' (behavioral patterns), '源于' (stem from), and '心理创伤' (psychological trauma).
社会学家们正在研究社交媒体 上瘾 对个体身份认同的影响。
Sociologists are studying the impact of social media addiction on individual identity.
Using '社会学家' (sociologists), '身份认同' (identity), and '影响' (impact).
戒除 上瘾 并非易事,它需要患者付出巨大的毅力和决心。
Breaking addiction is not an easy task; it requires tremendous willpower and determination from the patient.
Using '戒除' (break/quit), '并非易事' (not an easy task), '毅力' (willpower), and '决心' (determination).
科技的飞速发展带来了便利,但也加剧了 上瘾 的风险。
The rapid development of technology has brought convenience, but has also exacerbated the risk of addiction.
Using '飞速发展' (rapid development), '便利' (convenience), and '加剧' (exacerbate).
我们必须警惕那些看似无害的娱乐活动,它们可能潜移默化地让人 上瘾。
We must be wary of seemingly harmless entertainment activities, as they can subtly lead people to addiction.
Using '警惕' (wary), '看似' (seemingly), and '潜移默化' (subtly).
对某些物质的 上瘾 是一种慢性疾病,需要长期管理。
Addiction to certain substances is a chronic disease that requires long-term management.
Using '慢性疾病' (chronic disease) and '长期管理' (long-term management).
与其一味指责 上瘾 者,不如提供有效的支持和治疗方案。
Instead of simply blaming addicts, it is better to provide effective support and treatment plans.
Using '与其...不如' (instead of...it is better to), '指责' (blame), and '治疗方案' (treatment plans).
成瘾性物质对大脑奖赏系统的 上瘾 机制是其持续滥用的根本原因。
The addictive mechanism of addictive substances on the brain's reward system is the fundamental reason for their continued abuse.
Using '成瘾性物质' (addictive substances), '奖赏系统' (reward system), '机制' (mechanism), and '滥用' (abuse).
社会文化因素在塑造个体对 上瘾 行为的认知和态度方面起着至关重要的作用。
Sociocultural factors play a crucial role in shaping individuals' perceptions and attitudes towards addictive behaviors.
Using '社会文化因素' (sociocultural factors), '塑造' (shape), '认知' (perception), and '至关重要' (crucial).
对数字信息的 上瘾 是一种新兴的心理障碍,其诊断标准仍在不断完善中。
Addiction to digital information is an emerging psychological disorder whose diagnostic criteria are still being refined.
Using '数字信息' (digital information), '新兴的' (emerging), '心理障碍' (psychological disorder), and '诊断标准' (diagnostic criteria).
理解 上瘾 的神经生物学基础,有助于开发更具针对性的治疗策略。
Understanding the neurobiological basis of addiction is helpful in developing more targeted treatment strategies.
Using '神经生物学基础' (neurobiological basis), '有助于' (is helpful in), and '针对性' (targeted).
长期的 上瘾 经历可能会对个体的认知功能和情绪调节能力造成不可逆的损害。
Long-term addiction experiences can cause irreversible damage to an individual's cognitive functions and emotional regulation abilities.
Using '认知功能' (cognitive functions), '情绪调节能力' (emotional regulation abilities), and '不可逆的损害' (irreversible damage).
预防 上瘾 的策略应涵盖个体、家庭和社会多个层面。
Strategies for preventing addiction should encompass multiple levels: individual, family, and societal.
Using '预防' (prevent), '涵盖' (encompass), and '多个层面' (multiple levels).
对于 上瘾 行为的再犯,需要采取综合性的干预措施,包括心理咨询和社区支持。
For relapse in addictive behavior, comprehensive intervention measures must be taken, including psychological counseling and community support.
Using '再犯' (relapse), '综合性的' (comprehensive), and '社区支持' (community support).
认识到 上瘾 并非道德缺陷,而是复杂的疾病,是康复的第一步。
Recognizing that addiction is not a moral failing but a complex illness is the first step towards recovery.
Using '道德缺陷' (moral failing), '复杂的疾病' (complex illness), and '康复' (recovery).
Common Collocations
Common Phrases
— I have become addicted to...
我对这个新游戏 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>上瘾了</mark>。
— It's very easy to get addicted
这种甜食 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>很容易上瘾</mark>。
— Cannot control oneself
他玩游戏 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>控制不了自己</mark>。
— To quit an addiction
他正在努力 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>戒掉</mark> 他的烟 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>瘾</mark>。
— The risk of addiction
我们需要警惕 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>上瘾</mark> 的 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>风险</mark>。
— A little addicted
我最近 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>有点上瘾</mark> 于看这部剧。
— Excessively indulged
过度 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>沉迷</mark> 于网络会影响生活。
— To break bad habits/addictions
他决心 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>戒除</mark> 他的 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>恶习</mark>。
— Addictiveness
这种药物的 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>成瘾性</mark> 非常高。
— To get rid of addiction
帮助人们 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>摆脱</mark> <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>上瘾</mark> 是一个挑战。
Often Confused With
'沉迷' means to be engrossed or obsessed. It's very similar to '上瘾' and can imply negative consequences, but '上瘾' specifically refers to a compulsive dependence that is hard to break, often with physical or psychological withdrawal symptoms.
'着迷' means to be fascinated or captivated. It implies a strong interest but doesn't necessarily suggest a loss of control or negative consequences like '上瘾' does. You can be fascinated by a movie without being addicted to it.
'依赖' means to rely on or depend on. While addiction involves dependence, not all dependence is addiction. For instance, one might depend on a tool for work, which is functional, whereas addiction implies a compulsive and often harmful need.
Idioms & Expressions
— To enjoy something so much that one never tires of it; to be endlessly enthusiastic about something. While it describes a strong liking, it's positive and doesn't imply addiction.
他对学习新知识 乐此不疲。
Formal— To become fanatical or obsessed with something to the point of losing one's sanity or rational judgment. This implies an extreme and unhealthy level of obsession, much stronger than typical addiction.
他对某个理论 走火入魔 了,听不进任何反驳。
Formal— To be unable to stop oneself from continuing something one enjoys or is compelled to do; to be so engrossed that one cannot stop. This idiom strongly implies a compulsion and difficulty in stopping, making it very close to the concept of addiction.
这本书太精彩了,让我 欲罢不能。
Formal— To be deeply engrossed or lost in something. Similar to '上瘾' in suggesting deep involvement, but '沉迷' can sometimes be used for less harmful pursuits.
他 沉迷其中,忘记了时间。
Neutral— To love something so much that one cannot bear to put it down. This describes a strong liking and desire to keep something, but it's generally a positive sentiment and doesn't imply addiction.
他拿到新手机后 爱不释手。
Formal— Difficult to extricate oneself from a situation or habit; unable to break free. This idiom strongly reflects the difficulty in overcoming an addiction.
一旦 难以自拔 于某种爱好,就很难再投入其他事情。
Formal— Describes a restless or unfocused mind, unable to concentrate, with thoughts wandering like a monkey and horse. While not directly about addiction, it can describe the state of mind of someone struggling with compulsion or distraction.
他 心猿意马,无法专心学习。
Formal— To find joy in something; to enjoy oneself in a particular activity. This is a positive expression of enjoyment and does not imply addiction.
他虽然工作辛苦,但 乐在其中。
Neutral— Unable to control oneself; lacking self-restraint. This directly relates to the loss of control aspect of addiction.
面对美食,她 无法自制。
Formal— One's body is not under one's own control; to be compelled by circumstances or an irresistible force. This idiom can describe the feeling of being powerless against an addiction.
在毒品的控制下,他 身不由己。
FormalEasily Confused
Both words describe deep involvement and can carry negative connotations.
'沉迷' often implies being engrossed or obsessed, which can be a symptom of addiction, but it doesn't always carry the same strong sense of compulsive dependence and difficulty in stopping as '上瘾'. '上瘾' specifically highlights the inability to control oneself and the potential for withdrawal.
他对这个游戏 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>沉迷</mark> 了,每天都玩。(He is engrossed in this game, playing every day.) vs. 他对这个游戏 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>上瘾</mark> 了,每天都玩。(He is addicted to this game, playing every day.) - The second sentence implies a more serious, uncontrollable condition.
Both words describe strong engagement with something.
'着迷' means to be fascinated or captivated, suggesting a strong interest or admiration that is usually positive or neutral and doesn't imply a loss of control. '上瘾' implies a compulsive need that is difficult to resist and often has negative consequences.
我被这部电影 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>着迷</mark> 了。(I was fascinated by this movie.) vs. 我对这部电影 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>上瘾</mark> 了。(I am addicted to this movie.) - The second usage would be hyperbolic or indicate an unhealthy obsession.
Addiction inherently involves dependence.
'依赖' means to rely on or depend on something. This can be functional and healthy (e.g., relying on a tool for work). '上瘾' specifically refers to a dependence that is compulsive, often harmful, and difficult to overcome, leading to negative consequences when the object of addiction is removed.
我 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>依赖</mark> 我的眼镜看东西。(I rely on my glasses to see.) vs. 他对酒精 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>上瘾</mark> 了。(He is addicted to alcohol.) - The former is a necessary dependence, while the latter is a harmful compulsion.
Both can refer to strong habits or inclinations.
'癖好' refers to a peculiar habit, quirk, or strong preference. It often describes something that is not necessarily harmful and might even be unique. '上瘾' refers to a compulsive need that is difficult to control and often leads to negative consequences.
他有收集邮票的 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>癖好</mark>。(He has a quirk of collecting stamps.) vs. 他对赌博 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>上瘾</mark> 了。(He is addicted to gambling.) - Stamp collecting is a hobby, while gambling addiction is a serious problem.
This idiom describes an inability to stop doing something, which is a key characteristic of addiction.
'欲罢不能' is an idiom that describes being so engrossed or compelled by something that one cannot stop. It can be used for enjoyable activities (like reading a good book) or for compulsive behaviors. While it captures the feeling of being unable to stop, '上瘾' specifically refers to the state of addiction itself, often implying a more serious, detrimental condition.
这部剧太精彩了,让我 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>欲罢不能</mark>。(This show is so brilliant, I can't stop watching.) vs. 他对游戏 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>上瘾</mark> 了,每天玩十几个小时。(He is addicted to games, playing over ten hours a day.) - The first is about enjoyment, the second about a compulsive, harmful habit.
Sentence Patterns
Subject + (有点儿) + 上瘾 + 了
我 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>有点儿</mark> <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>上瘾</mark> 了。
Subject + 对 + Object + 上瘾 (了)
他对咖啡 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>上瘾</mark> 了。
Object + 容易 + 上瘾
这种零食 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>容易</mark> <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>上瘾</mark>。
Verb Phrase + 上瘾
过度 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>玩游戏</mark> <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>上瘾</mark>。
Subject + (因为/由于) + Reason + (导致/引起) + 上瘾
由于压力太大,他 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>导致</mark> <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>上瘾</mark>。
尽管/虽然 + Condition + 但/但是 + Subject + 仍然 + 上瘾
虽然知道不好,但他 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>仍然</mark> <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>上瘾</mark>。
防止 + 上瘾 + 的 + Noun Phrase
防止 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>上瘾</mark> 的方法。
Adjective Phrase + 的 + 上瘾 + Noun
这种药物的 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>极高</mark> 的 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>成瘾性</mark>。
Word Family
Nouns
Verbs
Related
How to Use It
High
-
Using '上瘾' for strong liking without compulsion.
→
Using '非常喜欢' (fēicháng xǐhuān - like very much) or '着迷' (zháomí - fascinated) instead.
'上瘾' implies a compulsive need and difficulty stopping, often with negative consequences. Using it for mere strong liking is an overstatement and dilutes its serious meaning. For example, saying '我上瘾了吃饺子' is an exaggeration; '我非常喜欢吃饺子' is more appropriate.
-
Forgetting '对' (duì) when specifying the object of addiction.
→
Subject + 对 + Object + 上瘾
The preposition '对' is commonly used before the object of addiction to form the idiomatic phrase '对...上瘾'. Sentences like '我咖啡上瘾' are less natural than '我对咖啡上瘾'.
-
Omitting '了' (le) when indicating a change of state.
→
Subject + 上瘾 + 了
The particle '了' often signifies a change of state, indicating that someone has *become* addicted. While '我上瘾' is grammatically possible, '我上瘾了' is more common and clearly conveys that the addiction has begun or progressed.
-
Directly negating '上瘾' with '不' (bù) or '没有' (méiyǒu).
→
Rephrasing, e.g., '我对...不感兴趣' (I'm not interested in...) or '我能控制自己' (I can control myself).
While understandable, direct negation can sound less natural. Expressing lack of interest or ability to control oneself is often a more idiomatic way to convey that one is not addicted.
-
Confusing '上瘾' with '沉迷' or '着迷' in serious contexts.
→
Using '上瘾' for compulsive, harmful dependencies; '沉迷' for deep obsession (can be negative); '着迷' for fascination (usually positive/neutral).
'上瘾' implies a more severe condition with loss of control and potential harm than '沉迷' or '着迷'. Misusing them can lead to underestimating or overstating the severity of a situation.
Tips
Distinguish from Similar Words
Remember that '上瘾' implies a compulsive need and loss of control. While '沉迷' (engrossed/obsessed) and '着迷' (fascinated) describe deep involvement, they don't necessarily carry the same negative weight or implication of uncontrollable dependence. Use '上瘾' when the habit is detrimental and hard to stop.
Use '对...上瘾'
The most common and natural structure to express addiction to something is 'Subject + 对 + Object + 上瘾'. For example, '我对咖啡上瘾了' (I'm addicted to coffee). This structure clearly indicates the object of addiction.
Master the Tones
The tones are crucial for '上瘾'. '上' is fourth tone (shàng - falling), and '瘾' is third tone (yǐn - falling-rising). Practicing these tones with minimal pairs or by listening to native speakers will greatly improve your pronunciation and understanding.
Understand the Nuance
While '上瘾' can be used humorously for strong likings, its primary meaning is serious. Be mindful of the context. If it's a medical discussion or news report, it refers to a genuine problem. In casual chat, it might be hyperbole.
Create Your Own Sentences
Try to create sentences using '上瘾' in different contexts – for substances, activities, or even digital content. This active recall will help solidify your understanding and usage.
Cultural Significance
Addiction is a serious issue in Chinese society, just as it is globally. Understanding the cultural context helps appreciate why this word is used with concern and is often discussed in relation to health and social well-being.
Learn Related Terms
Expand your vocabulary by learning related terms like '戒除' (to quit), '沉迷' (to be engrossed), '依赖' (dependence), and '成瘾性' (addictiveness). This will allow for more nuanced expression.
The Role of '了'
The particle '了' (le) is often used with '上瘾' to indicate a change of state, signifying that someone has *become* addicted. For example, '他上瘾了' (He has become addicted) is more common than simply '他上瘾'.
Avoid Direct Negation
Negating '上瘾' directly (e.g., '我不上瘾') can sometimes sound unnatural. It's often better to express the absence of addiction by saying you're not interested ('不感兴趣') or can control yourself ('能控制自己').
Mnemonic Devices
Create personal mnemonics. For instance, imagine someone in Shanghai ('上') hearing a tempting 'yin' sound and getting addicted. Or, visualize the character '瘾' with a heart trapped by a reason.
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Imagine someone 'shang' (shanghai) 'yin' (yin) the sound of a slot machine, getting 'addicted' to gambling. Or, think of the character '瘾' looking like a 'heart' (心) trapped by a 'reason' (因), representing the emotional and causal nature of addiction.
Visual Association
Picture a person hooked up to an IV drip (representing addiction) with the characters '上瘾' written on the bag, or a chain linking a person's hand to a symbol of their addiction (e.g., a phone, a cigarette).
Word Web
Challenge
Try to use '上瘾' in three different sentences describing different types of addictions, and then write a short paragraph about the consequences of addiction.
Word Origin
The word '上瘾' is a compound word formed from two characters: '上' (shàng) and '瘾' (yǐn). '上' in this context means 'to go up' or 'to attach to', suggesting an increasing or attaching dependency. '瘾' (yǐn) means 'addiction' or 'habit'. Together, they form the concept of developing an addiction.
Original meaning: The character '瘾' itself has roots related to addiction, often described as a strong desire or habit that is hard to break. The addition of '上' emphasizes the process of becoming addicted or the growing intensity of the habit.
Sino-TibetanCultural Context
When discussing addiction, it's important to be sensitive. While the term '上瘾' can be used hyperbolically in casual conversation, in serious contexts, it refers to a genuine struggle that can cause immense suffering. Avoid judgmental language and focus on understanding and support.
In English-speaking cultures, addiction is also a significant concern, discussed extensively in media, healthcare, and public discourse. Terms like 'addicted to,' 'dependent on,' and 'hooked on' are common. The causes and treatments of addiction are subjects of ongoing research and debate.
Practice in Real Life
Real-World Contexts
Discussing personal habits and hobbies.
- 我对...有点上瘾。
- 我发现自己太喜欢...了。
- 我需要控制一下玩手机的时间。
Talking about health and lifestyle choices.
- 抽烟对身体不好,容易上瘾。
- 过度饮酒会上瘾。
- 健康的饮食很重要,避免过量。
Addressing social issues and problems.
- 网络成瘾是一个大问题。
- 很多年轻人对游戏上瘾。
- 我们需要帮助那些有毒瘾的人。
Describing entertainment and media consumption.
- 这部剧太好看了,我有点上瘾。
- 我沉迷于这个游戏,无法自拔。
- 看短视频很容易让人着迷。
Giving advice or warnings.
- 小心,这个东西很容易上瘾。
- 你应该控制一下你的爱好。
- 不要让你的爱好变成你的上瘾。
Conversation Starters
"你有没有对什么东西上瘾过?是什么?"
"你觉得玩游戏上瘾是件坏事吗?为什么?"
"你认为什么样的事情容易让人上瘾?"
"如果你的朋友对某种东西上瘾了,你会怎么帮助他?"
"你认为科技发展是让人更容易上瘾,还是更容易摆脱上瘾?"
Journal Prompts
写下你曾经对什么东西非常着迷,但后来又失去了兴趣的经历。
描述一个你认为自己有点上瘾的习惯,以及你打算如何改变它。
你认为在现代社会,什么是最容易让人上瘾的东西?为什么?
想象一下,如果你身边有一个人对你很重要,他/她正面临成瘾的困扰,你会如何支持他/她?
你如何看待“上瘾”这个词?它对你来说意味着什么?
Frequently Asked Questions
10 questionsThe literal translation of '上瘾' is composed of '上' (shàng), which can mean 'to go up' or 'to attach', and '瘾' (yǐn), which means 'addiction' or 'habit'. So, it implies attaching to or increasing in addiction.
Yes, '上瘾' can be used hyperbolically or humorously for things that are not necessarily harmful, like a delicious food or an engaging TV show. For example, '我有点上瘾于这家餐厅的披萨' (Wǒ yǒudiǎn shàng yǐn yú zhè jiā cāntīng de pīsà - I'm a little addicted to this restaurant's pizza). However, it's important to be aware of its serious connotations and use it appropriately.
'上瘾' (shàng yǐn) specifically refers to addiction, implying a compulsive need and loss of control that is difficult to overcome. '沉迷' (chénmí) means to be engrossed or obsessed, which can be a part of addiction but can also describe deep involvement in something that isn't necessarily harmful or uncontrollable.
The most common way to refer to addiction as a condition or disease is '上瘾症' (shàng yǐn zhèng). You can also use phrases like '毒瘾' (dúyǐn - drug addiction), '烟瘾' (yānyǐn - nicotine addiction), or '网瘾' (wǎng yǐn - internet addiction) for specific types of addiction.
Yes, it is very common to use '上瘾' when talking about addiction to digital devices, social media, video games, and the internet. Phrases like '手机上瘾' (shǒujī shàng yǐn - phone addiction) or '网络上瘾' (wǎngluò shàng yǐn - internet addiction) are frequently used.
The consequences can vary greatly depending on what one is addicted to. They can include health problems (physical and mental), social isolation, financial difficulties, neglect of responsibilities (work, studies, family), and a general decline in quality of life.
Directly negating '上瘾' can sometimes sound awkward. It's often better to rephrase. For example, instead of '我不上瘾' (Wǒ bù shàng yǐn), you could say '我对这个不太感兴趣' (Wǒ duì zhège bù tài gǎn xìngqù - I'm not very interested in this) or '我能够控制自己' (Wǒ néng gòngzhì zìjǐ - I can control myself).
The particle '了' (le) is often used with '上瘾' to indicate a change of state, meaning that someone has *become* addicted or that the addiction has reached a certain point. For example, '我上瘾了' (Wǒ shàng yǐn le) means 'I have become addicted'.
Generally, '上瘾' carries a negative connotation because it implies a loss of control and potential harm. However, in very casual, hyperbolic usage, people might say they are 'addicted' to something they simply enjoy immensely, like a hobby or a favorite food, to express their strong liking. But this is not the primary or serious meaning of the word.
Common things include: drugs, alcohol, smoking, video games, social media, mobile phones, online shopping, and certain foods. The discussion around internet and gaming addiction among young people is particularly prevalent.
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Summary
The word '上瘾' (shàng yǐn) means to be addicted to something. It describes a state of compulsive dependence that is difficult to overcome, often with negative consequences. It can refer to substances, activities, or even digital content.
- To be addicted to something.
- Develops a compulsive need, hard to stop.
- Can apply to substances, activities, or digital content.
- Often has negative connotations.
Distinguish from Similar Words
Remember that '上瘾' implies a compulsive need and loss of control. While '沉迷' (engrossed/obsessed) and '着迷' (fascinated) describe deep involvement, they don't necessarily carry the same negative weight or implication of uncontrollable dependence. Use '上瘾' when the habit is detrimental and hard to stop.
Use '对...上瘾'
The most common and natural structure to express addiction to something is 'Subject + 对 + Object + 上瘾'. For example, '我对咖啡上瘾了' (I'm addicted to coffee). This structure clearly indicates the object of addiction.
Master the Tones
The tones are crucial for '上瘾'. '上' is fourth tone (shàng - falling), and '瘾' is third tone (yǐn - falling-rising). Practicing these tones with minimal pairs or by listening to native speakers will greatly improve your pronunciation and understanding.
Understand the Nuance
While '上瘾' can be used humorously for strong likings, its primary meaning is serious. Be mindful of the context. If it's a medical discussion or news report, it refers to a genuine problem. In casual chat, it might be hyperbole.
Example
他玩游戏上瘾了。
Related Content
This Word in Other Languages
More emotions words
有点
A1A little; somewhat; rather.
一点
A1A little; a bit; slightly.
可恶
A2Hateful; detestable; abominable.
心不在焉
A2Absent-minded; preoccupied.
接受地
A2Acceptingly; receptively.
成就感
B1Sense of achievement; fulfillment.
撒娇
A2To act like a spoiled child; to act cute.
沉迷
A2To be addicted to; to be engrossed in.
敬佩
B1Admiration; respect; reverence.
佩服
B1To admire; to respect.