Stacking Descriptions (Nested Clauses)
alladhī (masc) or allatī (fem) after specific nouns, but skip the connector completely after generic indefinite nouns.
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use the relative pronoun 'alladhi' (الذي) to link descriptions and stack information about a single noun.
- Use 'alladhi' (الذي) for masculine singular nouns: 'The man who is tall' (الرجل الذي هو طويل).
- Use 'allati' (التي) for feminine singular nouns: 'The woman who is smart' (المرأة التي هي ذكية).
- Ensure the relative pronoun matches the gender and number of the noun it describes.
Overview
Arabic, a language renowned for its precision and depth, often employs intricate sentence structures to convey nuanced information. One such fundamental structure, crucial for moving beyond simple statements, is the relative clause (الجُمْلَةُ الوَصْفِيَّة or صِلَةُ المَوْصُول). At its core, a relative clause allows you to describe a noun using an entire sentence, rather than just a single adjective.
This technique, sometimes referred to as 'stacking descriptions' or 'nested clauses,' adds layers of detail to your communication.
Imagine you want to describe a specific 'book' not just as الكِتَابُ الكَبِيرُ (the big book), but as 'the book that is on the table.' The phrase 'that is on the table' is a relative clause. It functions like an adjective, telling you more about the book, but it contains a verb and acts as a complete thought on its own. Mastering relative clauses is essential for speaking and writing natural, sophisticated Arabic, even at the beginner A1 level, as it unlocks the ability to connect ideas and elaborate on nouns with precision.
The primary principle governing relative clauses in Arabic is the definiteness (التَّعْرِيفُ والتَّنْكِير) of the noun being described, known as the antecedent (المَوْصُوف). Whether the antecedent is definite (e.g., 'the man') or indefinite (e.g., 'a man') dictates the specific grammatical mechanism you use to link it to its descriptive clause. This agreement in definiteness is a cornerstone of Arabic syntax and impacts how you construct these sentences.
How This Grammar Works
مَعْرِفَة), you must introduce the relative clause with a relative pronoun (اسْمٌ مَوْصُول). These pronouns act as essential bridges, connecting the definite noun to the descriptive sentence that follows. The choice of relative pronoun depends entirely on the gender and number of the antecedent.الطَّالِبُ (the student – masculine, singular, definite), you would use الَّذِي (who/which/that) to introduce the description. If you're talking about الطَّالِبَةُ (the female student – feminine, singular, definite), you would use الَّتِي. The relative pronoun ensures that the clause clearly refers back to the specific, definite noun.نَكِرَة), you do not use any explicit relative pronoun. Instead, the descriptive sentence immediately follows the indefinite noun, and the clause itself, by virtue of its position, is understood to be the adjective. This is often called the 'ghost connector' or 'implicit relative pronoun' pattern.كِتَابٌ (a book – indefinite). To say 'a book that is on the table,' you would simply say كِتَابٌ عَلَى الطَّاوِلَةِ (a book on the table), where عَلَى الطَّاوِلَةِ acts as the descriptive clause without any الَّذِي or الَّتِي. The meaning is clear from the context of the indefinite noun.ضَمِيرُ العَائِد). This pronoun, located within the relative clause, links the clause back to the antecedent. It must agree with the antecedent in gender and number.- Implicit in a verb's conjugation: This is common when the clause starts with a verb, and the antecedent is the subject of that verb. For example, in
الرَّجُلُ الَّذِي يَأْكُلُ(the man who eats), the 'he' implicit inيَأْكُلُ(يَأْكُلُ هُوَ) is the returning pronoun. - A suffixed pronoun: Attached to a noun or a preposition within the clause. For instance,
البَيْتُ الَّذِي سَكَنْتُ فِيهِ(the house that I lived in it). - A separated pronoun: Less common for A1, but can occur, such as
الرَّجُلُ الَّذِي هُوَ طَبِيبٌ(the man who he is a doctor).
Formation Pattern
مَعْرِفَة – e.g., الكِتَابُ the book, مُحَمَّدٌ Muhammad, a name) or indefinite (نَكِرَة – e.g., كِتَابٌ a book, رَجُلٌ a man)?
مُذَكَّر) or feminine (مُؤَنَّث)?
مُفْرَد), dual (مُثَنَّى), or plural (جَمْع)?
اسْمٌ مَوْصُول). This pronoun directly follows the definite antecedent and must agree with it in gender and number. The relative pronouns are:
الَّذِي (alladhī) | الَّذِي (alladhī) | who, which, that |
الَّتِي (allatī) | الَّتِي (allatī) | who, which, that |
اللَّذَانِ (alladhāni) | اللَّذَيْنِ (alladhayni) | who, which, that (2M) |
الَّتَانِ (allatāni) | الَّتَيْنِ (allataynī) | who, which, that (2F) |
الَّذِينَ (alladhīna) | الَّذِينَ (alladhīna) | who, which, that (M. plural) |
اللَّاتِي (allātī) / اللَّوَاتِي (allawātī) | اللَّاتِي (allātī) / اللَّوَاتِي (allawātī) | who, which, that (F. plural) |
مَنْ (man) | مَنْ (man) | who, whoever |
مَا (mā) | مَا (mā) | what, whatever |
اللَّذَانِ and الَّتَانِ are used when the dual antecedent is in the nominative case. اللَّذَيْنِ and الَّتَيْنِ are used when the dual antecedent is in the accusative or genitive case. For A1, focus primarily on الَّذِي and الَّتِي for singular antecedents.
صِلَةُ المَوْصُول / الجُمْلَةُ الوَصْفِيَّة)
جُمْلَةٌ فِعْلِيَّة), starting with a verb, or a nominal sentence (جُمْلَةٌ اسْمِيَّة), starting with a noun/pronoun. Crucially, this clause must contain a returning pronoun (ضَمِيرُ العَائِد) that refers back to the antecedent and agrees with it in gender and number. Without this returning pronoun, the clause cannot properly connect to the noun it is describing.
رَأَيْتُ الرَّجُلَ الَّذِي يَعْمَلُ فِي الشَّرِكَةِ. (I saw the man who works in the company.) – يَعْمَلُ implicitly contains هُوَ (he), referring to الرَّجُلَ.
قَرَأْتُ الكِتَابَ الَّذِي غِلافُهُ أَحْمَرُ. (I read the book whose cover is red.) – هُ (its) refers to الكِتَابَ.
هَذِهِ البِنْتُ الَّتِي تَحَدَّثْتُ عَنْهَا. (This is the girl about whom I spoke.) – هَا (her) refers to البِنْتُ.
الطَّالِبَةُ الَّتِي هِيَ مُجْتَهِدَةٌ. (The student who is diligent.) – هِيَ (she) refers to الطَّالِبَةُ. (More common in nominal clauses, sometimes for emphasis).
هَذَا هُوَ البَيْتُ الَّذِي اشْتَرَيْتُهُ أَمْسِ. (This is the house that I bought yesterday.)
البَيْتُ (the house) – definite, singular, masculine.
الَّذِي (agreeing with البَيْتُ).
اشْتَرَيْتُهُ أَمْسِ (I bought it yesterday). Returning pronoun: هُ (it) suffixed to اشْتَرَيْتُ.
عِنْدِي سَيَّارَةٌ لونُها أَزْرَقُ. (I have a car whose color is blue.)
سَيَّارَةٌ (a car) – indefinite, singular, feminine.
لونُها أَزْرَقُ (its color is blue). Returning pronoun: ها (its) suffixed to لون.
الأَوْلَادُ الَّذِينَ لَعِبُوا فِي الحَدِيقَةِ هُمْ إِخْوَتِي. (The boys who played in the garden are my brothers.)
الأَوْلَادُ (the boys) – definite, plural, masculine.
الَّذِينَ (agreeing with الأَوْلَادُ).
لَعِبُوا فِي الحَدِيقَةِ (they played in the garden). Returning pronoun: وَا (they) implicit in لَعِبُوا.
When To Use It
- To Specify or Identify: When you need to distinguish a particular item or person from others. Instead of saying
أُرِيدُ الكِتَابَ.(I want the book.), you might need to sayأُرِيدُ الكِتَابَ الَّذِي عَلَى الطَّاوِلَةِ.(I want the book that is on the table.) The relative clause here specifies which book you want.
- To Add Descriptive Detail: To enrich your descriptions and paint a fuller picture. If you mention
زَمِيلَةٌ(a colleague), you can addزَمِيلَةٌ تَتَكَلَّمُ ثَلَاثَ لُغَاتٍ.(A colleague who speaks three languages.) This provides a key characteristic that a single adjective likeمُتَفَوِّقَةٌ(excellent) might not fully capture.
- To Explain a Relationship or Purpose: Sometimes, a relative clause clarifies the role or function of a noun.
هَذَا هُوَ المَكَانُ الَّذِي نَجْتَمِعُ فِيهِ.(This is the place where we meet.) The clause explains the purpose of the place.
- To Express Cause or Consequence (implicitly): While not its primary function for A1 learners, relative clauses can subtly imply a reason or result.
الفَتَاةُ الَّتِي دَرَسَتْ بِجِدٍّ نَجَحَتْ.(The girl who studied diligently succeeded.) The diligent study is the implicit reason for her success.
Common Mistakes
- Mistake 1: Confusing Definiteness of the Antecedent.
- Error: Using a relative pronoun (
الَّذِي,الَّتِي) with an indefinite noun, or omitting it with a definite noun. - Incorrect:
رَأَيْتُ رَجُلًا الَّذِي يَمْشِي.(I saw a man who walks.) –رَجُلًاis indefinite, soالَّذِيis incorrect. - Correct:
رَأَيْتُ رَجُلًا يَمْشِي.(I saw a man walking.) ORرَأَيْتُ الرَّجُلَ الَّذِي يَمْشِي.(I saw the man who walks.) - Why it's wrong: The rule of definiteness is absolute. Indefinite nouns never take
الَّذِيor its sisters. Definite nouns always require them.
- Mistake 2: Missing or Incorrect Returning Pronoun (
ضَمِيرُ العَائِد). - Error: Forgetting to include the returning pronoun within the relative clause, or making it disagree in gender/number with the antecedent.
- Incorrect:
هَذِهِ هِيَ المَدِينَةُ الَّتِي زُرْتُ أَمْسِ.(This is the city that I visited yesterday.) – The verbزُرْتُ(I visited) needs an object pronoun referring toالمَدِينَةُ. - Correct:
هَذِهِ هِيَ المَدِينَةُ الَّتِي زُرْتُهَا أَمْسِ.(This is the city that I visited it yesterday.) –ها(it/her) refers back toالمَدِينَةُ. - Why it's wrong: The returning pronoun is the grammatical tether that explicitly links the descriptive clause back to the antecedent. Without it, the clause floats grammatically, and the meaning can be unclear or incorrect.
- Mistake 3: Incorrect Relative Pronoun for Gender or Number.
- Error: Using
الَّذِيfor a feminine noun, orالَّتِيfor a masculine noun, or a singular pronoun for a plural antecedent. - Incorrect:
المُعَلِّمَةُ الَّذِي تُشْرَحُ الدَّرْسَ.(The female teacher who explains the lesson.) –المُعَلِّمَةُis feminine, soالَّذِيis wrong. - Correct:
المُعَلِّمَةُ الَّتِي تُشْرَحُ الدَّرْسَ.(The female teacher who explains the lesson.) - Why it's wrong: Relative pronouns must agree perfectly with their definite antecedents in gender and number, just like adjectives agree with their nouns. This is a fundamental aspect of Arabic agreement.
- Mistake 4: Using a Phrase Instead of a Sentence for the Clause.
- Error: The clause following the antecedent (or relative pronoun) is not a complete verbal or nominal sentence.
- Incorrect:
الكِتَابُ الَّذِي عَلَى الطَّاوِلَةِ الكَبِيرَةِ.(The book which on the big table.) –عَلَى الطَّاوِلَةِ الكَبِيرَةِis a prepositional phrase, not a full sentence. - Correct:
الكِتَابُ الَّذِي هُوَ عَلَى الطَّاوِلَةِ الكَبِيرَةِ.(The book which is on the big table.) – By addingهُوَ, it becomes a nominal sentence (هُوَ عَلَى الطَّاوِلَةِ). - Why it's wrong: A relative clause, by definition, is a full sentence. While some phrases (like
شِبْهُ جُمْلَة– quasi-sentence, e.g., prepositional phrases or adverbs) can function as the predicate of a nominal sentence, they are not complete sentences on their own. Adding an implicit or explicit subject (likeهُوَ) completes the structure.
Real Conversations
While relative clauses might seem formal, they are an integral part of everyday Arabic, both written and spoken, even at the A1 level. They appear naturally when people need to be specific or add essential details.
- Identifying People/Things:
- Friend: مَنْ هَذَا الشَّابُّ؟ (Who is that young man?)
- You: هَذَا الشَّابُّ الَّذِي يَجْلِسُ بِجَانِبِ المُعَلِّمِ. (This is the young man who is sitting next to the teacher.)
- Describing Experiences:
- You: زُرْتُ مَطْعَمًا يُقَدِّمُ أَكْلًا لَذِيذًا. (I visited a restaurant that serves delicious food.)
- Friend: أَعْرِفُ مَطْعَمًا آخَرَ الَّذِي لَهُ حَدِيقَةٌ جَمِيلَةٌ. (I know another restaurant that has a beautiful garden.)
- In Casual Texts/Social Media: While formal relative pronouns might be slightly simplified in very informal texting, the underlying structure of describing a noun with a clause remains. Many dialects simplify الَّذِي and الَّتِي to إلِّي (اللي) for all genders and numbers, especially in spoken language. For A1 learners, focusing on MSA forms is key, but recognizing إلِّي is useful for comprehension.
- MSA: الشَّخْصُ الَّذِي يُسَاعِدُنِي. (The person who helps me.)
- Dialect: الشَّخْصُ إلِّي يُسَاعِدْنِي. (The person who helps me.)
- Cultural Note: The ability to construct clear relative clauses is highly valued in Arabic communication. It reflects not only grammatical competence but also the capacity for precise and organized thought, a trait often admired in academic and professional settings. In Arabic, a well-formed sentence often packs a lot of information, and relative clauses are a primary tool for achieving this density and clarity. Learning to use them effectively will not only improve your grammar but also your perceived fluency and intellectual rigor.
Quick FAQ
الَّذِي and الَّتِي?الَّذِي is for singular masculine definite nouns, and الَّتِي is for singular feminine definite nouns. They both mean 'who,' 'which,' or 'that' when connecting a relative clause to its antecedent.الَّذِي?الَّذِي, الَّتِي, or their plural/dual forms when the noun you are describing (the antecedent) is definite (مَعْرِفَة). If the antecedent is indefinite (نَكِرَة), you omit the relative pronoun, and the descriptive clause follows directly.ضَمِيرُ العَائِد), and why is it important?هُ, هَا, or even implicit in a verb's ending) inside the relative clause that refers back to the main noun it's describing. It's crucial because it formally links the clause to its antecedent, ensuring grammatical coherence and clarity. It acts as the grammatical 'hook' for the clause.الَّذِي or الَّتِي (and their variations) depends on the gender and number of the thing being described, not whether it's human or inanimate.مَنْ and مَا also relative pronouns?مَنْ (whoever/who) is a relative pronoun primarily used for people, and مَا (whatever/what) is used for things. They are unique because they are generally considered اسْمٌ مَوْصُولٌ مُشْتَرَكٌ (common relative pronoun) and don't change form for gender or number. They are also often used when the antecedent itself is implicit or general.مُثَنَّى)?اللَّذَانِ (masculine nominative), اللَّذَيْنِ (masculine accusative/genitive), الَّتَانِ (feminine nominative), and الَّتَيْنِ (feminine accusative/genitive). These also need to agree in case with the antecedent.الـ + الَّذِي/الَّتِي + clause with returning pronoun. Indefinite noun = noun + clause with returning pronoun (no الَّذِي/الَّتِي). Practice with singular masculine and feminine definite/indefinite nouns first, as these are the most common at A1.Relative Pronouns Table
| Gender | Singular | Dual | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Masculine
|
الذي (alladhi)
|
اللذان (alladhani)
|
الذين (alladhina)
|
|
Feminine
|
التي (allati)
|
اللتان (allatani)
|
اللواتي (allawati)
|
Meanings
This grammar allows you to attach a full clause to a noun, acting as an adjective to provide more specific details.
Defining Relative Clause
Specifying which person or thing you are talking about.
“الطالبُ الذي يدرسُ بجدٍ ينجحُ”
“الكتابُ الذي قرأتُهُ ممتعٌ”
Non-defining Clause
Adding extra information about a noun already known.
“أحمدُ، الذي هو صديقي، سافرَ”
“القاهرةُ، التي هي عاصمةُ مصرَ، جميلةٌ”
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Affirmative
|
Noun + Relative Pronoun + Verb
|
الرجلُ الذي يكتبُ
|
|
Negative
|
Noun + Relative Pronoun + la/lam + Verb
|
الرجلُ الذي لا يكتبُ
|
|
Question
|
Hal + Noun + Relative Pronoun + Verb?
|
هل الرجلُ الذي يكتبُ صديقُك؟
|
|
Plural
|
Noun (Plural) + Relative Pronoun (Plural) + Verb
|
الرجالُ الذين يكتبونَ
|
|
Feminine
|
Noun (Fem) + Relative Pronoun (Fem) + Verb
|
المرأةُ التي تكتبُ
|
|
Past Tense
|
Noun + Relative Pronoun + Past Verb
|
الرجلُ الذي كتبَ
|
Formality Spectrum
الرجلُ الذي يعملُ (Describing someone's job)
الرجلُ الذي يعملُ (Describing someone's job)
الزلمة اللي بيشتغل (Describing someone's job)
الزلمة اللي شغال (Describing someone's job)
Relative Pronoun Map
Masculine
- الذي who/which
- اللذان who/which (dual)
- الذين who/which (plural)
Feminine
- التي who/which
- اللتان who/which (dual)
- اللواتي who/which (plural)
Examples by Level
الرجلُ الذي يقرأُ
The man who reads
البنتُ التي تلعبُ
The girl who plays
الولدُ الذي يكتبُ
The boy who writes
القطةُ التي تنامُ
The cat that sleeps
البيتُ الذي اشتريتُهُ كبيرٌ
The house that I bought is big
السيارةُ التي لونُها أحمرُ
The car whose color is red
الطالبُ الذي يدرسُ بجدٍ
The student who studies hard
المكتبةُ التي أذهبُ إليها
The library that I go to
الرجالُ الذين يعملون في الشركةِ
The men who work in the company
النساءُ اللواتي يقرأنَ الكتبَ
The women who read books
هذا هو الكتابُ الذي كنتُ أبحثُ عنه
This is the book I was looking for
المدينةُ التي ولدتُ فيها جميلةٌ
The city where I was born is beautiful
المديرُ، الذي هو صديقي، ساعدني
The manager, who is my friend, helped me
القوانينُ التي وُضِعَتْ مؤخراً
The laws that were recently set
الأشخاصُ الذين قابلتُهم أمسِ
The people whom I met yesterday
المشكلةُ التي واجهتُها صعبةٌ
The problem that I faced is difficult
النظريةُ التي استندَ إليها العلماءُ
The theory upon which the scientists relied
القراراتُ التي اتُّخِذَتْ في الاجتماعِ
The decisions that were taken in the meeting
الكاتبُ الذي نالتْ روايتُهُ الجائزةَ
The author whose novel won the prize
المنظمةُ التي تُعنى بحقوقِ الإنسانِ
The organization that concerns itself with human rights
إنَّهُ الشخصُ الذي لا يُمكنُ الاستغناءُ عنهُ
He is the person who cannot be dispensed with
الظروفُ التي أدتْ إلى هذا الوضعِ
The circumstances that led to this situation
الأساليبُ التي يتبعُها الباحثونَ
The methods that the researchers follow
القيمُ التي نؤمنُ بها جميعاً
The values that we all believe in
Easily Confused
Learners often use relative clauses for simple adjectives.
Common Mistakes
رجل الذي
الرجلُ الذي
المرأة الذي
المرأةُ التي
الرجالُ الذي
الرجالُ الذين
البيتُ الذي أسكنُ
البيتُ الذي أسكنُ فيه
Sentence Patterns
___ الذي ___
___ التي ___
هذا هو ___ الذي ___
أنا أحب ___ الذي ___
Real World Usage
الصورة التي نشرتُها جميلةٌ
الخبرة التي اكتسبتُها مهمةٌ
أريدُ البيتزا التي فيها جبنٌ
الفندقُ الذي حجزتُه قريبٌ
هل رأيتَ الرسالةَ التي أرسلتُها؟
الدراسةُ التي أُجريتْ مؤخراً
The Non-Human Rule
Don't Over-Translate
Polite Pauses
Smart Tips
Always check the gender first.
Use 'alladhi' instead of 'illi'.
Remember the plural forms 'alladhina' and 'allawati'.
Include the resumptive pronoun.
Pronunciation
Emphasis
The 'dh' in 'alladhi' is a soft interdental fricative.
Rising-Falling
الرجلُ الذي يعملُ ↗ ↘
Standard declarative statement.
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Think of 'alladhi' as a 'ladder' (alladhi-ladder) connecting two parts of a sentence.
Visual Association
Imagine a bridge connecting two islands. The bridge is labeled 'Alladhi'. One island is the Noun, the other is the Action.
Rhyme
For the man use alladhi, for the lady use allati.
Story
I met a man (al-rajul) who (alladhi) was running. He chased a cat (al-qitta) that (allati) was hiding. They were the people (al-ashkhas) who (alladhina) made me smile.
Word Web
Challenge
Write 5 sentences describing people in your room using 'alladhi' or 'allati'.
Cultural Notes
In spoken Levantine, 'alladhi' is replaced by 'illi'.
Egyptian also uses 'illi' for all genders and numbers.
Always use 'alladhi/allati' in formal writing and news.
Derived from the demonstrative pronouns.
Conversation Starters
من هو الشخص الذي تحبه كثيراً؟
ما هو الكتاب الذي قرأتَه مؤخراً؟
هل تعرف المكان الذي وُلِدَ فيه النبي؟
ما هي المهارة التي تريد تعلمها؟
Journal Prompts
Common Mistakes
Test Yourself
الرجلُ ___ يعملُ هنا صديقي.
Which is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
رجل الذي يكتب.
الرجلُ الذي يعملُ.
Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:
الذي / يقرأ / الكتاب / هو / هذا
A: هل رأيتَ الفيلم؟ B: نعم، الفيلم ___ شاهدتُه ممتعٌ.
Can you use 'alladhi' for a feminine noun?
Score: /8
Practice Exercises
8 exercisesالرجلُ ___ يعملُ هنا صديقي.
Which is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
رجل الذي يكتب.
الرجلُ الذي يعملُ.
Match: 1. الرجل 2. المرأة 3. الرجال
الذي / يقرأ / الكتاب / هو / هذا
A: هل رأيتَ الفيلم؟ B: نعم، الفيلم ___ شاهدتُه ممتعٌ.
Can you use 'alladhi' for a feminine noun?
Score: /8
Practice Bank
11 exercisesأحب الكعكة ___ صنعتها أختي. (I like the cake ___ my sister made.)
عندي صديق الذي يتكلم الفرنسية.
The boy who plays football.
أريد الكتاب ___ على الطاولة. (I want the book ___ is on the table.)
A girl who runs fast.
القصة الذي قرأتها جميلة.
Match pairs
هذا هو البيت ___ يسكن فيه جدي. (This is the house ___ my grandfather lives in.)
The student who has a pen that is red.
الفيلم الذي شاهدت ممتع.
هؤلاء هم الطلاب ___ نجحوا. (These are the students ___ passed.)
Score: /11
FAQ (8)
No, you must match the gender and number of the noun.
You don't use a relative pronoun. You just use an adjective.
Yes, in spoken dialects, but use 'alladhi' for formal writing.
Relative clauses in Arabic are specific, so the noun must be definite.
Use 'alladhina' for men and 'allawati' for women.
It's a pronoun like 'hu' or 'ha' that refers back to the noun inside the clause.
Yes, 'al-makan alladhi...' (the place where...).
It takes practice, but the pattern is very consistent.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
que
Arabic changes for gender/number.
qui/que
French has subject/object distinction.
der/die/das
German uses case, Arabic does not.
Relative clause before noun
Word order is reversed.
de (的)
Chinese uses a particle.
who/which/that
English distinguishes animate/inanimate.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Related Videos
Related Grammar Rules
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Arabic Relative Pronouns: Who, Which, That (الذي، التي)
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Arabic Relative Pronouns (al-ladhi, al-lati)
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Arabic Relative Pronouns: The one who (alladhi, allati)
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