Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
In Armenian, direct objects often require the 'z-' prefix or the accusative case to show who is receiving the action.
- Use 'z-' before names or specific people: 'Z-Anna-in tesnum em' (I see Anna).
- Personal pronouns change: 'Yes' (I) becomes 'Indz' (me) as a direct object.
- For 'him/her', use 'nran' as the direct object form of 'na'.
Direct Object Pronouns
| Subject | Object (Armenian) | Object (English) |
|---|---|---|
|
Yes
|
Indz
|
Me
|
|
Du
|
Kez
|
You
|
|
Na
|
Nran
|
Him/Her
|
|
Menq
|
Mez
|
Us
|
|
Duq
|
Zez
|
You all
|
|
Nranq
|
Nrants
|
Them
|
Meanings
Direct object pronouns replace nouns that receive the action of a verb directly.
Personal Direct Objects
Used when a person is the direct object of the verb.
“Yes kez sirum em.”
“Du indz lsum es?”
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Affirmative
|
Subj + Obj + Verb
|
Yes kez sirum em
|
|
Negative
|
Subj + Obj + Neg + Verb
|
Yes kez chem sirum
|
|
Question
|
Subj + Obj + Verb?
|
Du indz tesnum es?
|
|
Short Answer
|
Obj + Verb
|
Indz? Ayo!
|
|
Plural
|
Subj + Obj + Verb
|
Menq nrants gitenq
|
|
Formal
|
Subj + Z-Name + Verb
|
Yes Z-Anna-in gitem
|
正式程度
Yes zez tesnum em. (Greeting)
Yes kez tesnum em. (Greeting)
Kez tesnum em. (Greeting)
Kez tesnum em! (Greeting)
Pronoun Transformation
Singular
- Indz Me
- Kez You
Plural
- Mez Us
- Zez You all
按水平分级的例句
Yes kez sirum em.
I love you.
Du indz tesnum es?
Do you see me?
Na nran kanchum e.
He is calling her.
Menq zez sirum enq.
We love you all.
Indz mi moratsir.
Don't forget me.
Kez spasum em.
I am waiting for you.
Nranq nrants chen tesnum.
They don't see them.
Du mez ognum es?
Are you helping us?
Z-Anna-in tesel em.
I have seen Anna.
Nranq indz harcnum en.
They are asking me.
Kez em pntrum.
It is you I am looking for.
Mez mi qnnadatel.
Don't criticize us.
Nran nvirum em im ser.
I dedicate my love to her.
Z-ayn mardun chem tchanachum.
I don't know that man.
Zez em vstahum.
I trust you all.
Nrants em handipel.
I have met them.
Z-irakanutyun-y yndunir.
Accept the reality.
Nran em yntrel.
It is her I have chosen.
Mez hamar e sa.
This is for us.
Kez em nvirum ays ergy.
I dedicate this song to you.
Z-amen inch nran em tvel.
I have given everything to her.
Nrants em handznel gorcy.
I have entrusted the work to them.
Indz tvum e, te...
It seems to me that...
Zez em dimum.
I am addressing you.
容易混淆
Learners mix up subject and object forms.
常见错误
Yes sirum em.
Indz sirum en.
Du tesnum em.
Kez tesnum em.
Na sirum em.
Nran sirum em.
Menq tesnum em.
Mez tesnum en.
Z-indz tesnum em.
Indz tesnum em.
Nranq nranq tesnum en.
Nranq nrants tesnum en.
Kez spasum.
Kez spasum em.
Z-nran tesel em.
Nran tesel em.
Indz kanchum es?
Indz kanchum es?
Nrants em handipel.
Nrants em handipel.
Z-indz hamar.
Indz hamar.
句型
___ sirum em.
Real World Usage
Indz spasir!
Practice
Smart Tips
Use object forms.
发音
Indz
Pronounced like 'eendz' with a soft 'dz'.
Question
Kez tesnum es? ↑
Rising pitch at the end.
记住它
记忆技巧
Think of 'Indz' as 'In-the-me' (the action is in me).
视觉联想
Imagine a magnet pulling the pronoun toward the verb.
Rhyme
For me use Indz, for you use Kez, for him/her Nran, for us use Mez.
Story
I saw Anna. I told her I love her. She looked at me and smiled.
Word Web
挑战
Write 5 sentences about your friends using these pronouns.
文化笔记
The 'z-' marker is standard in formal writing but often dropped in casual speech.
Derived from Old Armenian genitive forms.
对话开场白
Du indz lsum es?
日记主题
常见错误
Test Yourself
Yes ___ sirum em.
Score: /1
练习题
1 exercisesYes ___ sirum em.
Score: /1
常见问题 (1)
Because 'Indz' is the object form.
Scaffolded Practice
1
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
me, te, lo/la
Armenian uses case endings/forms, Spanish uses clitics.
me, te, le/la
Armenian is more synthetic.
mich, dich, ihn
German uses articles, Armenian uses 'z-'.
watashi-o
Armenian is inflected.
ni, ka, hu
Armenian uses independent words.
wo, ni, ta
Armenian is highly inflected.
