perturbado in 30 Seconds
- Perturbado means disturbed or upset.
- It describes emotional or mental distress.
- Can range from mild annoyance to serious mental health issues.
- Requires gender and number agreement.
- Core Meaning
- The Portuguese word "perturbado" is an adjective that describes someone who is disturbed, upset, or troubled. It can refer to a temporary state of emotional distress or a more persistent condition of anxiety and unhappiness, sometimes even implying a mental health concern. It signifies a disruption in one's usual state of calm or well-being.
- Emotional State
- When someone is "perturbado," they are not feeling at peace. This could be due to a specific event, a worry, or a general feeling of unease. It suggests that something is bothering them, causing them to feel agitated, anxious, or sad. The intensity can range from mild annoyance to significant distress.
- Mental Well-being
- In a more serious context, "perturbado" can imply that a person is suffering from a mental illness or a condition where they experience considerable anxiety and unhappiness. This usage requires careful consideration of the context, as it touches upon sensitive topics related to mental health. It suggests a significant deviation from a stable mental state.
- Usage Scenarios
- You might hear "perturbado" used to describe a child who is upset after a bad dream, an adult who is worried about financial problems, or someone who is experiencing a period of significant emotional turmoil. It's a versatile word that captures a spectrum of negative emotional and psychological states. The context will usually clarify whether it's a temporary upset or a more profound issue.
O menino estava muito perturbado depois de ter ouvido o barulho alto.
A notícia do acidente deixou todos os vizinhos perturbados.
- Nuance of Distress
- The word "perturbado" conveys a sense of inner turmoil or agitation. It's not just about being sad; it implies a disruption to one's mental or emotional equilibrium. This can manifest as restlessness, worry, or a feeling of being unsettled. The feeling is internal and affects the person's usual state of mind.
- Temporary vs. Persistent
- While "perturbado" can describe a temporary state of being upset, it can also refer to a more chronic or severe condition. For example, someone might feel "perturbado" after a stressful day, or a person might be described as "perturbado" if they are experiencing ongoing mental health challenges. The surrounding words and the overall situation will indicate the duration and severity of the disturbance.
- Beyond Simple Sadness
- It's more than just feeling "triste" (sad). "Perturbado" suggests an active state of unease, often accompanied by anxiety or a feeling of being unsettled. It's a disturbance that affects one's ability to concentrate or feel at ease. Imagine a calm lake being disturbed by ripples; that's the essence of "perturbado" in an emotional sense.
- Describing Temporary Upset
- You can use "perturbado" to describe someone who is temporarily upset or bothered by something. This is a common and less severe use of the word. For example, after a long and difficult day at work, someone might feel "perturbado." The sentence structure is typically Subject + Ser/Estar + perturbado/a/os/as.
- Indicating Anxiety or Worry
- "Perturbado" can also describe a state of anxiety or worry. If someone is concerned about an upcoming event or a problem, they might be described as "perturbado." This suggests a mental state of unease and preoccupation. The adjective needs to agree in gender and number with the noun it modifies.
- Referring to Mental Health Conditions
- In more serious contexts, "perturbado" can refer to someone suffering from a mental illness or significant psychological distress. This usage is more sensitive and should be employed with care. It implies a more profound and persistent state of being disturbed. When used in this way, it often implies a lack of peace and a significant impact on the individual's functioning.
- Agreement with Gender and Number
- As an adjective, "perturbado" must agree in gender and number with the noun it describes. So, if you're talking about a single male, it's "perturbado." For a single female, it's "perturbada." For multiple males or a mixed group, it's "perturbados." For multiple females, it's "perturbadas." This is a fundamental rule of Portuguese grammar.
Ela parecia visivelmente perturbada com a notícia.
Os pais estavam perturbados com o comportamento estranho do filho.
- Using with "Estar"
- The verb "estar" is used to indicate a state or condition that can change. So, "estar perturbado" means to be currently disturbed or upset. This is the most frequent construction for describing emotional states. For example, "Eu estou perturbado porque não consigo dormir." (I am disturbed because I can't sleep.)
- Using with "Ser" (Less Common)
- While "estar" is more common for temporary states, "ser" can sometimes be used if the disturbance is seen as a more permanent trait or a defining characteristic, though this is rare for "perturbado" and more likely for related nouns. For instance, one might say "Ele é uma pessoa perturbada" (He is a disturbed person), implying a more ingrained condition, but "estar" is far more prevalent for day-to-day feelings.
- Common Sentence Structures
- A typical sentence structure is: Pronoun/Subject + 'estar' (conjugated) + 'perturbado/a/os/as'. For example: "Nós estamos perturbados com a situação." (We are disturbed by the situation.) Another common structure involves a noun and the verb: "A notícia deixou o país perturbado." (The news left the country disturbed.)
- Everyday Conversations
- You'll frequently hear "perturbado" in casual conversations among Portuguese speakers. People use it to express that they are feeling bothered, worried, or upset about something. For instance, after a stressful meeting, a colleague might say, "Estou um pouco perturbado com o resultado." (I'm a bit disturbed by the outcome.) It's a common way to articulate a negative emotional state without necessarily being overly dramatic. The context usually clarifies the degree of disturbance, ranging from mild annoyance to significant concern.
- News and Media
- In news reports, "perturbado" is often used to describe the general mood or reaction of a population to a significant event, such as a natural disaster, a political crisis, or a major accident. For example, a news anchor might report, "A população local ficou perturbada com a notícia do incêndio." (The local population was disturbed by the news of the fire.) It conveys a sense of collective unease or shock. The word can also be used when discussing the impact of events on individuals' mental well-being, especially in broader societal discussions.
- Discussions about Mental Health
- When discussing mental health, "perturbado" can be used to describe someone experiencing psychological distress or mental illness. This is a more serious application of the word and is often used by professionals or in contexts where mental well-being is the primary focus. For instance, a therapist might discuss a patient's "estado perturbado" (disturbed state). It's important to use this meaning with sensitivity and awareness, as it directly addresses mental health conditions and can carry a stigma if used carelessly.
- Literature and Arts
- In literature, "perturbado" is used to describe characters experiencing inner conflict, emotional turmoil, or psychological disturbance. Authors use it to add depth and complexity to their characters, portraying their struggles and internal states. A novel might feature a protagonist who is "perturbado" by guilt or trauma. This usage often aims to evoke empathy and understanding for the character's state of mind, highlighting their internal battles and the impact of their experiences.
O filme retrata a vida de um artista perturbado.
A constante ansiedade o deixou perturbado.
- Confusing with "Perturbar" (Verb)
- A common mistake is to confuse the adjective "perturbado" with the verb "perturbar" (to disturb, to bother). While related, they function differently. "Perturbar" is an action, while "perturbado" describes a state resulting from that action. For example, saying "Eu perturbo" (I disturb) is different from saying "Eu estou perturbado" (I am disturbed). Learners might incorrectly use the verb form when they intend to describe a feeling.
- Incorrect Gender and Number Agreement
- Since "perturbado" is an adjective, it must agree in gender and number with the noun it modifies. A frequent error is using the masculine singular form "perturbado" for all subjects. Remember: "perturbado" (masculine singular), "perturbada" (feminine singular), "perturbados" (masculine/mixed plural), "perturbadas" (feminine plural). Forgetting this can lead to grammatically incorrect sentences.
- Overusing for Minor Annoyances
- While "perturbado" can mean simply "bothered" or "annoyed," overusing it for very minor inconveniences might sound overly dramatic or insincere. For slight annoyances, words like "incomodado" (bothered) or "chateado" (annoyed/upset) might be more appropriate. Using "perturbado" for every little thing can dilute its meaning and impact.
- Misinterpreting the Mental Health Context
- A significant mistake is to casually use "perturbado" to label someone who is simply eccentric or unconventional, or to dismiss someone's feelings as "perturbado" without understanding. When "perturbado" refers to mental illness, it's a serious matter. Using it lightly can be offensive and stigmatizing. Always consider the gravity of the situation and the potential impact of your words when using this term in a mental health context.
Mistake: Eu estou perturbar com a chuva. Correct: Eu estou perturbado com a chuva.
Mistake: As meninas estavam perturbado. Correct: As meninas estavam perturbadas.
- Chateado
- "Chateado" is a very common word that means "upset," "annoyed," or "bothered." It's generally less intense than "perturbado" and is used for everyday frustrations or disappointments. For example, "Estou chateado porque perdi o autocarro." (I'm upset because I missed the bus.) "Perturbado" implies a deeper level of disturbance or distress.
- Incomodado
- "Incomodado" means "bothered" or "troubled." It often implies that something is causing discomfort or annoyance, but it can also refer to a mild form of disturbance. It's a good alternative when the situation isn't extremely serious. For example, "O barulho constante me deixa incomodado." (The constant noise bothers me.) "Perturbado" suggests a more internal and significant disruption.
- Preocupado
- "Preocupado" means "worried" or "concerned." It focuses specifically on anxiety about a future event or situation. While worry can lead to being "perturbado," "preocupado" is more specific to the act of worrying. For example, "Ele está preocupado com os exames." (He is worried about the exams.) Someone who is "preocupado" might also be "perturbado," but "perturbado" encompasses a broader range of distress.
- Aflito
- "Aflito" conveys a stronger sense of distress, anxiety, or anguish. It suggests being deeply troubled or distressed, often with a feeling of helplessness. It's more intense than "chateado" or "incomodado." For example, "Ela estava aflita por notícias do filho." (She was distressed for news of her son.) "Perturbado" can overlap with "aflito," but "aflito" often carries a connotation of suffering or torment.
- Desequilibrado
- "Desequilibrado" literally means "unbalanced" and is often used to describe someone who is mentally unstable or has lost their composure. It's a stronger term than "perturbado" and can imply a more severe mental or emotional imbalance, sometimes bordering on "crazy." For example, "O stress constante o deixou desequilibrado." (The constant stress left him unbalanced.) This is a more clinical or severe description than "perturbado" typically implies.
Comparison: "Chateado" vs. "Perturbado". A missed bus might make you "chateado", but a serious family argument might leave you "perturbado".
- Agitado
- "Agitado" means "agitated" or "restless." It describes a state of physical or mental restlessness, often stemming from anxiety or excitement. Someone who is "perturbado" might also be "agitado" if their disturbance manifests as fidgeting or inability to sit still. For example, "Ele estava muito agitado antes da apresentação." (He was very agitated before the presentation.)
- Angustiado
- "Angustiado" means "anguished" or "distressed." It signifies deep emotional suffering, pain, or anxiety. This is a strong word, implying a significant level of mental or emotional torment. It's a close synonym for "perturbado" when the disturbance is severe and causes deep suffering. For example, "Ouvir a história dele me deixou angustiado." (Hearing his story left me anguished.)
- Desconfortável
- "Desconfortável" means "uncomfortable." This can refer to physical discomfort or social awkwardness. It's a milder term than "perturbado" and usually relates to a situation that is not pleasant or relaxing. For example, "Sinto-me desconfortável nesta cadeira." (I feel uncomfortable in this chair.) Someone who is "perturbado" might feel "desconfortável," but "desconfortável" doesn't imply the same depth of emotional distress.
- Irritado
- "Irritado" means "irritated" or "angry." It's related to feeling annoyed, but with a stronger sense of anger. While irritation can lead to being "perturbado," "irritado" specifically points to anger. For example, "Ele ficou irritado com a demora." (He became irritated with the delay.) "Perturbado" is a broader term encompassing more than just anger.
How Formal Is It?
"A instabilidade política deixou o país num estado consideravelmente perturbado."
"Fiquei perturbado com a forma como ele me tratou."
"Nossa, que filme perturbador!"
"O ursinho estava perturbado porque perdeu a sua bola."
Fun Fact
The root 'turb' meaning confusion or disorder is present in other English words like 'turbulent' (characterized by unrest or disorder) and 'turbine' (a machine that is rotated by a fluid, implying a swirling motion). The idea of 'disturbance' is deeply embedded in the word's history.
Pronunciation Guide
- Pronouncing the 'u' sound incorrectly, making it too short or like 'oo'.
- Not stressing the second syllable sufficiently.
- Pronouncing the '-ed' ending too strongly or too softly depending on the accent.
- Confusing the pronunciation with similar-sounding words.
- Adding an extra syllable where it doesn't belong.
Difficulty Rating
At A2 CEFR level, understanding 'perturbado' in simple sentences is expected. However, grasping its nuances in more complex sentences or specialized contexts (like mental health discussions) requires higher proficiency. Recognizing the agreement rules is also key.
Using 'perturbado' correctly in writing requires attention to gender and number agreement, as well as selecting the appropriate context. Beginners might overuse it or use it inappropriately. Advanced learners can use it effectively to convey complex emotions.
Speaking requires immediate recall and application of agreement rules. Pronunciation can also be a challenge. The range of meanings means learners need to be careful about context to avoid sounding overly dramatic or insensitive.
Understanding 'perturbado' in spoken Portuguese depends heavily on the speaker's accent, speed, and the surrounding context. Distinguishing between mild upset and serious distress can be challenging.
What to Learn Next
Prerequisites
Learn Next
Advanced
Grammar to Know
Adjective Agreement
O homem está perturbado. A mulher está perturbada. Os homens estão perturbados. As mulheres estão perturbadas.
Using 'estar' vs. 'ser'
Ele está perturbado (temporary state). He is not usually described with 'ser' unless referring to a chronic condition, which is less common for the adjective itself.
Verb Conjugation with Pronouns
A notícia deixou-o perturbado. (The news left him disturbed.)
Reflexive Verbs
Ela sentiu-se perturbada com o barulho. (She felt disturbed by the noise.)
Adverb Modification
Ele está muito perturbado. (He is very disturbed.)
Examples by Level
O cão está perturbado.
The dog is disturbed.
Simple subject-verb-adjective structure. 'Perturbado' agrees with 'cão' (masculine singular).
Ela está perturbada.
She is disturbed.
'Perturbada' agrees with 'ela' (feminine singular).
O barulho me deixou perturbado.
The noise made me disturbed.
Structure: Subject + Verb + Object + Adjective. 'Perturbado' agrees with 'me' (implied masculine speaker).
Não fique perturbado.
Don't be disturbed.
Imperative form of 'ficar' (to become/get). 'Perturbado' agrees with the implied subject 'você' (masculine singular).
Ele parece perturbado.
He seems disturbed.
Verb 'parecer' (to seem) followed by the adjective. 'Perturbado' agrees with 'ele' (masculine singular).
A menina está perturbada.
The girl is disturbed.
'Perturbada' agrees with 'menina' (feminine singular).
O filme me deixou perturbado.
The movie left me disturbed.
Similar to 'me deixou perturbado', 'perturbado' agrees with the implied masculine speaker.
Estou um pouco perturbado.
I am a little disturbed.
Adverb 'um pouco' (a little) modifies the adjective. 'Perturbado' agrees with the implied speaker (masculine singular).
A notícia da demissão deixou-o muito perturbado.
The news of the dismissal left him very disturbed.
The pronoun 'o' (him) is placed before the verb. 'Perturbado' agrees with 'o' (masculine singular).
Ela sentiu-se perturbada com o comportamento dele.
She felt disturbed by his behavior.
Reflexive verb 'sentir-se' (to feel). 'Perturbada' agrees with 'ela' (feminine singular).
Os eventos recentes deixaram a cidade perturbada.
The recent events left the city disturbed.
'Perturbada' agrees with 'a cidade' (feminine singular).
Ele anda perturbado ultimamente.
He has been disturbed lately.
The verb 'andar' (to walk/go around) is used here idiomatically to mean 'to be' or 'to act' in a certain way. 'Perturbado' agrees with 'ele' (masculine singular).
Não consigo dormir, estou muito perturbado.
I can't sleep, I am very disturbed.
Connects a reason (inability to sleep) with the state of being disturbed. 'Perturbado' agrees with the implied speaker (masculine singular).
As crianças ficaram perturbadas com o trovão.
The children became disturbed by the thunder.
'Ficaram' is the past tense of 'ficar'. 'Perturbadas' agrees with 'as crianças' (feminine plural).
A sua ausência deixou-me perturbado.
Your absence left me disturbed.
Similar to previous examples, 'perturbado' agrees with the implied speaker (masculine singular).
Ele está perturbado com os problemas financeiros.
He is disturbed by the financial problems.
Preposition 'com' (with) indicates the cause of the disturbance. 'Perturbado' agrees with 'ele' (masculine singular).
O excesso de trabalho tem-o deixado constantemente perturbado.
The excessive work has been leaving him constantly disturbed.
Use of present perfect continuous tense ('tem deixado') to indicate a continuous state. 'Perturbado' agrees with 'o' (masculine singular).
Ela confessou que se sentia profundamente perturbada com as mudanças na empresa.
She confessed that she felt deeply disturbed by the changes in the company.
Use of 'profundamente' (deeply) to intensify the feeling. 'Perturbada' agrees with 'ela' (feminine singular).
O desaparecimento do objeto valioso deixou todos na casa perturbados.
The disappearance of the valuable object left everyone in the house disturbed.
'Todos na casa' (everyone in the house) is the subject. 'Perturbados' agrees with 'todos' (masculine plural).
Após o acidente, ele ficou um longo tempo perturbado.
After the accident, he remained disturbed for a long time.
'Um longo tempo' (a long time) emphasizes the duration. 'Perturbado' agrees with 'ele' (masculine singular).
A sua atitude pouco compreensiva deixou-me genuinamente perturbado.
Your uncomprehending attitude left me genuinely disturbed.
'Genuinamente' (genuinely) intensifies the feeling. 'Perturbado' agrees with the implied speaker (masculine singular).
As notícias sobre a crise económica têm perturbado a paz social.
The news about the economic crisis has been disturbing social peace.
Here, 'perturbado' is used as a participle forming part of a compound verb or descriptive phrase, implying 'causing disturbance'. Note: This is slightly different from the adjective use, but related. The sentence implies the news is the agent causing disturbance.
O comportamento errático do vizinho deixava os moradores perturbados.
The neighbor's erratic behavior left the residents disturbed.
'Moradores' (residents) is plural. 'Perturbados' agrees with 'moradores' (masculine plural).
Ela confessou sentir-se perturbada com a solidão que a consumia.
She confessed to feeling disturbed by the loneliness that consumed her.
'Sentir-se perturbada' (to feel disturbed) is used. 'Perturbada' agrees with 'ela' (feminine singular).
A persistente incerteza sobre o futuro deixou-o num estado consideravelmente perturbado.
The persistent uncertainty about the future left him in a considerably disturbed state.
Use of 'num estado consideravelmente perturbado' (in a considerably disturbed state) adds descriptive detail. 'Perturbado' agrees with 'estado' (masculine singular).
Os relatos de violência na região deixaram a comunidade internacional perturbada.
The reports of violence in the region left the international community disturbed.
'Comunidade internacional' (international community) is treated as a singular noun. 'Perturbada' agrees with 'comunidade' (feminine singular).
Ele lutava contra um sentimento de desassossego que o deixava perturbado durante a noite.
He fought against a feeling of restlessness that left him disturbed during the night.
Describes an internal struggle ('lutava contra um sentimento'). 'Perturbado' agrees with 'ele' (masculine singular).
A descoberta de que fora enganado deixou-a profundamente perturbada e desconfiada.
The discovery that she had been deceived left her deeply disturbed and distrustful.
Use of the passive voice ('fora enganado') and multiple adjectives ('perturbada', 'desconfiada'). 'Perturbada' agrees with 'ela' (feminine singular).
O silêncio prolongado após a pergunta causou um desconforto que o deixou perturbado.
The prolonged silence after the question caused discomfort that left him disturbed.
Focus on the cause ('desconforto') leading to the state. 'Perturbado' agrees with 'o' (masculine singular).
As imagens chocantes do desastre natural deixaram o público em geral perturbado.
The shocking images of the natural disaster left the general public disturbed.
'Público em geral' (general public) is treated as a singular noun. 'Perturbado' agrees with 'público' (masculine singular).
Ele confessou que a sua própria consciência o deixava perturbado.
He confessed that his own conscience left him disturbed.
Internal conflict is the source of disturbance. 'Perturbado' agrees with 'ele' (masculine singular).
A atmosfera na sala tornou-se tensa, deixando todos ligeiramente perturbados.
The atmosphere in the room became tense, leaving everyone slightly disturbed.
'Ligeiramente' (slightly) modifies the intensity. 'Perturbados' agrees with 'todos' (masculine plural).
A sua capacidade de permanecer calmo em situações caóticas contrastava com o seu estado interior, que era frequentemente perturbado.
His ability to remain calm in chaotic situations contrasted with his inner state, which was often disturbed.
Complex sentence structure with contrast. 'Perturbado' agrees with 'estado' (masculine singular).
Os escritos do autor exploram a psique humana, frequentemente retratando personagens atormentados e perturbados por traumas passados.
The author's writings explore the human psyche, frequently portraying characters tormented and disturbed by past traumas.
Use of 'psique humana' (human psyche) and participle 'atormentados'. 'Perturbados' agrees with 'personagens' (masculine plural).
A crescente polarização política deixou o tecido social do país visivelmente perturbado.
The growing political polarization left the country's social fabric visibly disturbed.
'Tecido social' (social fabric) is the subject. 'Perturbado' agrees with 'tecido' (masculine singular).
Embora tentasse manter a compostura, os rumores persistentes deixavam-no secretamente perturbado.
Although he tried to maintain composure, the persistent rumors left him secretly disturbed.
Use of 'embora' (although) to introduce a subordinate clause. 'Perturbado' agrees with 'o' (masculine singular).
A manipulação mediática da informação contribuiu para um clima de opinião pública perturbado.
The media manipulation of information contributed to a disturbed public opinion climate.
'Clima de opinião pública' (public opinion climate) is the subject. 'Perturbado' agrees with 'clima' (masculine singular).
A sua recente desilusão amorosa deixou-a num estado de melancolia profunda, tornando-a mais sensível e perturbada.
Her recent romantic disappointment left her in a state of deep melancholy, making her more sensitive and disturbed.
Describes a complex emotional state with multiple adjectives. 'Perturbada' agrees with 'ela' (feminine singular).
Os efeitos a longo prazo da crise económica continuam a deixar muitos cidadãos perturbados.
The long-term effects of the economic crisis continue to leave many citizens disturbed.
'Cidadãos' (citizens) is plural. 'Perturbados' agrees with 'cidadãos' (masculine plural).
A ambiguidade das instruções deixou os participantes perturbados quanto ao próximo passo a seguir.
The ambiguity of the instructions left the participants disturbed about the next step to take.
'Participantes' (participants) is plural. 'Perturbados' agrees with 'participantes' (masculine plural).
A sua retórica inflamada e a constante incitação ao ódio deixaram a sociedade dividida e profundamente perturbada.
His inflammatory rhetoric and constant incitement to hatred left society divided and deeply disturbed.
Sophisticated vocabulary ('retórica inflamada', 'incitação ao ódio'). 'Perturbada' agrees with 'sociedade' (feminine singular).
O silêncio ensurdecedor após a confissão deixou os presentes num estado de choque e apreensão, todos visivelmente perturbados.
The deafening silence after the confession left those present in a state of shock and apprehension, all visibly disturbed.
Figurative language ('silêncio ensurdecedor'). 'Perturbados' agrees with 'todos' (masculine plural).
A manipulação subtil da verdade, perpetrada por aqueles em posições de poder, resultou num público cada vez mais cético e perturbado.
The subtle manipulation of truth, perpetrated by those in positions of power, resulted in an increasingly skeptical and disturbed public.
Advanced vocabulary ('subtil', 'perpetrada', 'cético'). 'Perturbado' agrees with 'público' (masculine singular).
A exposição prolongada a notícias negativas e alarmistas pode levar a um estado de ansiedade crónica, deixando o indivíduo permanentemente perturbado.
Prolonged exposure to negative and alarmist news can lead to a state of chronic anxiety, leaving the individual permanently disturbed.
Discusses psychological effects of media. 'Perturbado' agrees with 'indivíduo' (masculine singular).
O dilema ético apresentado no caso deixou os jurados perturbados, ponderando as implicações morais de cada decisão.
The ethical dilemma presented in the case left the jurors disturbed, pondering the moral implications of each decision.
Context of a legal/ethical dilemma. 'Perturbados' agrees with 'jurados' (masculine plural).
A complexidade da situação política, aliada à incerteza económica, criou um ambiente social volátil e perturbado.
The complexity of the political situation, coupled with economic uncertainty, created a volatile and disturbed social environment.
Abstract concepts ('complexidade', 'volátil'). 'Perturbado' agrees with 'ambiente' (masculine singular).
A obra de arte, com as suas imagens perturbadoras e simbolismo ambíguo, provocou reações intensas e controversas no público.
The artwork, with its disturbing images and ambiguous symbolism, provoked intense and controversial reactions in the public.
Describes art and its effect. 'Perturbadoras' agrees with 'imagens' (feminine plural).
A sua desorientação espacial e a falta de reconhecimento de pessoas próximas indicavam um estado neurológico seriamente perturbado.
His spatial disorientation and lack of recognition of close people indicated a seriously disturbed neurological state.
Medical/clinical context. 'Perturbado' agrees with 'estado' (masculine singular).
Common Collocations
Common Phrases
— I am disturbed/upset.
Estou perturbado porque não consegui dormir bem esta noite.
— He seems disturbed/upset.
Ele parece perturbado, talvez devêssemos perguntar o que se passa.
— I became disturbed/upset by...
Fiquei perturbado com a violência que vi na televisão.
— a disturbed mind
A história fala sobre as complexidades de uma mente perturbada.
— to feel disturbed/upset
É normal sentir-se perturbado em situações de stress.
Often Confused With
'Perturbar' is the verb form, meaning 'to disturb' or 'to upset'. 'Perturbado' is the adjective form, meaning 'disturbed' or 'upset'. You 'perturbar' someone, and then they become 'perturbado'.
'Perturbador' (masculine) or 'perturbadora' (feminine) is also an adjective, but it means 'disturbing' – describing something that causes disturbance, rather than the state of being disturbed. For example, 'um filme perturbador' (a disturbing movie).
'Perturbação' is a noun, meaning 'disturbance', 'disruption', or 'trouble'. For example, 'Houve uma perturbação na ordem.' (There was a disturbance in the order.)
Idioms & Expressions
— To have a disturbed mind; to be mentally unbalanced or confused.
Depois de tantos problemas, ele parecia ter a cabeça perturbada.
Informal— To have one's nerves disturbed; to be very anxious, agitated, or stressed.
A espera pelo resultado do exame deixou-a com os nervos perturbados.
Informal— Disturbed by the world; feeling disillusioned or overwhelmed by societal issues.
Ele é um artista que se sente perturbado com o mundo e o expressa na sua arte.
Neutral— A disturbed sleep; sleep that is interrupted or restless.
Tive um sono perturbado por causa do barulho lá fora.
Neutral— A disturbed peace; a state of peace that is interrupted or threatened.
A chegada inesperada de visitas perturbou a sua paz.
Neutral— His disturbed behavior; behavior that is unusual, erratic, or indicative of distress.
O seu comportamento perturbado levantou preocupações entre os colegas.
Neutral— A disturbed spirit; a troubled or restless soul, often associated with philosophical or existential unease.
O poeta descrevia um espírito perturbado em busca de significado.
Formal— A disturbed future; a future that is uncertain, troubled, or fraught with difficulties.
As projeções indicavam um futuro perturbado devido às alterações climáticas.
Neutral— A disturbed sound; a sound that is interrupted, distorted, or not clear.
O rádio emitia um som perturbado, mal se percebendo a voz.
Neutral— A disturbed environment; an environment that is chaotic, unstable, or lacking peace.
O conflito constante criava um ambiente social perturbado.
NeutralEasily Confused
Both 'chateado' and 'perturbado' can mean 'upset' or 'bothered'.
'Chateado' is generally used for milder feelings of annoyance, frustration, or disappointment. 'Perturbado' implies a deeper level of emotional distress, anxiety, or a more significant disruption of one's peace of mind. You might be 'chateado' if you miss a bus, but 'perturbado' by a serious personal crisis.
Estou chateado com o trânsito. (I'm annoyed with the traffic.) vs. Estou perturbado com as notícias da guerra. (I am disturbed by the war news.)
Worry ('preocupado') is a common cause of being disturbed ('perturbado').
'Preocupado' specifically refers to anxiety about a future event or situation. 'Perturbado' is a broader term that encompasses worry but also includes agitation, unease, or a general state of being unsettled. Someone who is 'preocupado' might also be 'perturbado', but 'perturbado' can stem from other causes beyond future worry.
Ele está preocupado com os exames. (He is worried about the exams.) vs. Ele está perturbado com a situação geral. (He is disturbed by the general situation.)
Both describe a state of unease.
'Agitado' focuses on restlessness, nervousness, or a lack of calm, often manifesting physically (fidgeting, pacing). 'Perturbado' is more about the internal emotional or mental state of distress or disquiet. One can be 'agitado' because they are 'perturbado', but 'agitado' highlights the outward signs of restlessness.
Ele estava agitado na sala de espera. (He was restless in the waiting room.) vs. Ele estava perturbado com a incerteza do resultado. (He was disturbed by the uncertainty of the result.)
Both can mean 'bothered'.
'Incomodado' often relates to discomfort, annoyance, or being bothered by something external or specific. It's usually less intense and less emotionally deep than 'perturbado'. 'Perturbado' suggests a more significant disruption to one's inner peace or mental state.
O barulho incomodou-me. (The noise bothered me.) vs. A conversa deles deixou-me perturbado. (Their conversation left me disturbed.)
They share the same root and sound similar.
'Perturbado' is an adjective describing someone or something that *is* disturbed or upset. 'Perturbador' is also an adjective, but it describes something that *causes* disturbance or unease. For example, a 'filme perturbador' (a disturbing film) makes the viewer feel 'perturbado' (disturbed).
Aquele livro é perturbador. (That book is disturbing.) vs. Eu fiquei perturbado com aquele livro. (I was disturbed by that book.)
Sentence Patterns
Subject + estar + perturbado/a
Eu estou perturbado.
O/A + Noun + estar + perturbado/a
O menino está perturbado.
Subject + ficar + perturbado/a/os/as
Eles ficaram perturbados.
Noun + deixar + Object + perturbado/a/os/as
A notícia deixou-me perturbado.
Subject + sentir-se + perturbado/a/os/as
Ela sentiu-se perturbada.
Subject + andar + perturbado/a/os/as (idiomatic)
Ele anda perturbado.
Adverb + estar + perturbado/a/os/as
Ele está muito perturbado.
Complex Subject + deixar + Object + (state) + perturbado/a/os/as
A sua atitude deixou-me num estado perturbado.
Word Family
Nouns
Verbs
Adjectives
Related
How to Use It
High
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Forgetting gender/number agreement.
→
O rapaz está perturbado. A rapariga está perturbada. Os amigos estão perturbados. As irmãs estão perturbadas.
The adjective must match the subject. 'Perturbado' is masculine singular, 'perturbada' is feminine singular, 'perturbados' is masculine/mixed plural, and 'perturbadas' is feminine plural.
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Confusing 'perturbado' (disturbed) with 'perturbador' (disturbing).
→
O filme é perturbador. Eu fiquei perturbado com o filme.
'Perturbador' describes the cause (e.g., a disturbing movie), while 'perturbado' describes the effect on the person (feeling disturbed).
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Using 'perturbado' for very minor annoyances.
→
Estou chateado com o atraso. / Estou incomodado com o barulho.
While 'perturbado' can mean 'bothered', it often implies a deeper distress. For minor issues, 'chateado' (annoyed/upset) or 'incomodado' (bothered) are often more fitting and less dramatic.
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Using the verb 'perturbar' instead of the adjective 'perturbado'.
→
Eu estou perturbado. (I am disturbed.)
The verb 'perturbar' means 'to disturb'. Saying 'Eu perturbo' means 'I disturb', which is grammatically correct but conveys a different meaning than being in a state of being disturbed.
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Using 'perturbado' too generally for any negative emotion.
→
Estou triste. / Estou zangado. / Estou preocupado.
'Perturbado' specifically implies a disruption of peace of mind, agitation, or distress. It's not a direct synonym for all negative emotions like sadness ('triste') or anger ('zangado').
Tips
Stress the Second Syllable
Remember that the main stress in 'perturbado' falls on the second syllable: per-TUR-ba-do. Practicing this stress pattern will make your pronunciation sound much more natural to native speakers.
Master Agreement
As an adjective, 'perturbado' must always agree in gender and number with the noun it modifies. Always check if you are referring to a masculine or feminine subject, and if it is singular or plural, before choosing the correct ending (-o, -a, -os, -as).
Understand the Nuance
'Perturbado' has a range of meanings from mild upset to serious distress. Pay attention to the context to use it appropriately. For less intense feelings, consider synonyms like 'chateado' or 'incomodado'.
Connect to English 'Perturb'
The English word 'perturb' is a close cognate and shares the same Latin root. Associating 'perturbado' with the idea of being 'turbulently' disrupted can aid memorization.
Use it in Sentences
Actively try to incorporate 'perturbado' into your own sentences. Write about your feelings, describe characters in stories, or talk about events that caused unease. Consistent practice is the best way to solidify your understanding.
Cultural Sensitivity
While 'perturbado' can mean mentally ill, it's not always used that way. Be mindful of the potential stigma when using it in sensitive contexts. Empathy and respectful language are always important.
Explore Similar Words
Learning synonyms like 'chateado', 'incomodado', and 'preocupado' will give you more options to express different degrees of negative emotions accurately and naturally.
Know the Opposite
Understanding antonyms such as 'calmo', 'tranquilo', and 'sereno' helps to define 'perturbado' by contrast and broadens your vocabulary for describing emotional states.
Avoid Verb Confusion
Don't confuse the adjective 'perturbado' (disturbed) with the verb 'perturbar' (to disturb). Remember, 'Eu estou perturbado' (I am disturbed) is about a state, while 'Eu perturbo' (I disturb) is about an action.
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Think of a 'per'fectly 'turb'ulent storm that leaves everything 'ed' up and disturbed. The 'per-' prefix suggests 'through' or 'thoroughly', so a thorough, turbulent storm makes you very disturbed.
Visual Association
Imagine a calm lake suddenly being hit by a powerful, 'turbulent' wave that creates chaos and leaves the water 'perturbed'. Or visualize a person looking very worried, with their thoughts swirling like a 'turb'o engine. The 'ed' ending can be seen as the state of being affected by this turbulence.
Word Web
Challenge
Try to use 'perturbado' in three different sentences describing distinct emotional states: one mild, one moderate, and one severe. For example, slightly bothered by a noise, worried about a test, and deeply upset by a personal loss. This will help you understand its range.
Word Origin
The word 'perturbado' comes from the Latin verb 'perturbare', which means 'to disturb, to throw into confusion, to disquiet'. This verb itself is derived from 'per-' (through, thoroughly) and 'turbare' (to disturb, confuse, from 'turba' meaning 'crowd, confusion, disorder').
Original meaning: To throw into confusion, to disorder, to agitate.
Indo-European > Italic > Latin > Romance > PortugueseCultural Context
When using 'perturbado' in the context of mental health, it is essential to do so with empathy and respect. Avoid using it casually or judgmentally. If you are unsure about the severity of someone's condition, it is better to use more general terms like 'preocupado' (worried) or 'aflito' (distressed).
In English, 'disturbed' can carry a strong connotation of mental illness. While 'perturbado' can also mean this, it has a broader range of usage in Portuguese, often referring to general upset or anxiety without implying a clinical diagnosis. Equivalents like 'upset', 'bothered', 'worried', or 'agitated' are often more fitting for less severe contexts.
Practice in Real Life
Real-World Contexts
Personal feelings and emotional states
- Estou perturbado com isto.
- Ela ficou perturbada.
- Não fique perturbado.
- Fiquei perturbado com a sua reação.
Reactions to events or news
- A notícia deixou-nos perturbados.
- O evento causou-nos perturbados.
- Ficámos perturbados com o que aconteceu.
- As imagens deixaram o público perturbado.
Describing people's mental or emotional condition
- Ele parece perturbado.
- Ela anda perturbada.
- Um estado perturbado.
- Uma pessoa perturbada.
Describing things that cause disturbance
- Um som perturbador.
- Um ambiente perturbador.
- Um comportamento perturbador.
- Um filme perturbador.
Mental health discussions
- Sentir-se perturbado.
- Um estado perturbado.
- Tratar alguém perturbado.
- Consequências perturbadoras.
Conversation Starters
"Have you ever felt deeply 'perturbado' by something? What happened?"
"How do you usually react when you feel 'perturbado'?"
"Can you think of a time when a piece of news left you feeling 'perturbado'?"
"What's the difference between feeling 'chateado' and 'perturbado'?"
"How can we support someone who is feeling 'perturbado'?"
Journal Prompts
Describe a situation where you felt 'perturbado'. What were the specific feelings and thoughts you experienced?
Write about a character from a book or movie who seemed 'perturbado'. What made them that way, and how did it affect them?
How does the meaning of 'perturbado' differ from 'sad' or 'angry' in your own words?
Reflect on a time when you or someone you know was 'perturbado' due to a significant event. How was it overcome?
Consider the word 'perturbado' in the context of social or global issues. What aspects of the world might make someone feel 'perturbado' today?
Frequently Asked Questions
10 questionsNo, not always. While 'perturbado' can refer to someone suffering from a mental illness, it is also commonly used in everyday Portuguese to describe someone who is simply upset, worried, or bothered by something. The context and tone of voice are crucial for understanding the intended meaning. For instance, 'Estou um pouco perturbado com o trânsito' means 'I'm a little bothered by the traffic', which is a mild upset, not a mental health crisis.
Choose 'chateado' for milder feelings of annoyance, frustration, or disappointment. Think of it as being 'upset' or 'annoyed'. Use 'perturbado' when the feeling is more intense, involving deeper distress, anxiety, or a significant disruption of one's peace of mind. If you're just slightly annoyed, 'chateado' is usually better. If you're genuinely distressed or unsettled, 'perturbado' is more appropriate.
'Perturbado' is an adjective meaning 'disturbed' or 'upset' – it describes the state of a person or thing that is experiencing disturbance. 'Perturbador' (or 'perturbadora' for feminine) is also an adjective, but it means 'disturbing' – it describes something that *causes* disturbance or unease. For example, a 'filme perturbador' (a disturbing movie) might leave the viewer feeling 'perturbado' (disturbed).
Yes, absolutely! 'Perturbado' is an adjective, and like most adjectives in Portuguese, it must agree in gender and number with the noun it describes. So, for a male person, it's 'perturbado'. For a female person, it's 'perturbada'. For a group of males or a mixed group, it's 'perturbados'. For a group of females, it's 'perturbadas'.
Yes, sometimes, but it's less common and usually metaphorical or poetic. For instance, one might say 'um sono perturbado' (disturbed sleep) or 'uma noite perturbada' (a disturbed night), implying that the sleep or night was not peaceful. It's rarely used for inanimate objects in a literal sense, but rather to describe a state of being disrupted or lacking peace.
The most common verb is 'estar' (to be), used to describe a current state: 'Eu estou perturbado' (I am disturbed). The verb 'ficar' (to become/get) is also very common to indicate a change of state: 'Ela ficou perturbada' (She became disturbed). The verb 'sentir-se' (to feel) is used reflexively: 'Ele sentiu-se perturbado' (He felt disturbed).
It can be. It depends heavily on the context. For mild annoyances, it might sound overly dramatic. However, when referring to significant emotional distress or mental health issues, it is a serious and appropriate term. Always consider the situation and your audience.
Yes, it can be used for animals, especially when they are showing signs of distress, fear, or anxiety. For example, 'O cão ficou perturbado com o barulho.' (The dog became disturbed by the noise.) In this case, 'perturbado' agrees with the masculine noun 'cão'.
Good antonyms include 'calmo' (calm), 'tranquilo' (tranquil), 'sereno' (serene), and 'satisfeito' (satisfied). These words describe a state of peace, contentment, and lack of disturbance.
The stress is on the second syllable: per-TUR-ba-do. The 'u' in 'turb' sounds like the 'u' in 'burn'. The '-ado' ending is pronounced clearly. Listen to native speakers for the most accurate pronunciation.
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Summary
The Portuguese word 'perturbado' describes a state of being disturbed, upset, or troubled. It can refer to temporary emotional distress, anxiety, or more serious mental health conditions. Remember to adjust the ending (-o, -a, -os, -as) to match the gender and number of the person or thing being described.
- Perturbado means disturbed or upset.
- It describes emotional or mental distress.
- Can range from mild annoyance to serious mental health issues.
- Requires gender and number agreement.
Stress the Second Syllable
Remember that the main stress in 'perturbado' falls on the second syllable: per-TUR-ba-do. Practicing this stress pattern will make your pronunciation sound much more natural to native speakers.
Master Agreement
As an adjective, 'perturbado' must always agree in gender and number with the noun it modifies. Always check if you are referring to a masculine or feminine subject, and if it is singular or plural, before choosing the correct ending (-o, -a, -os, -as).
Understand the Nuance
'Perturbado' has a range of meanings from mild upset to serious distress. Pay attention to the context to use it appropriately. For less intense feelings, consider synonyms like 'chateado' or 'incomodado'.
Context is Key
When discussing mental health, use 'perturbado' with sensitivity. In casual conversation, it's often used for everyday worries. Listen to how native speakers use it in different situations to grasp the full spectrum of its meaning.
Example
Ele parecia perturbado com a notícia que recebeu.
Related Content
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a sério?
A2seriously?, an expression of surprise, disbelief, or to check earnestness
abalado
A2Emotionally disturbed or upset; shaken.
abalar
A2To shake or disturb (emotionally); to affect deeply.
abalo
A2Shock, emotional disturbance; a sudden, disturbing, or upsetting emotional experience.
abandonado
B1Left by the owner or inhabitants; deserted.
abatidamente
B1In a dejected or disheartened manner; dejectedly.
abatido
A2Dejected; sad and depressed; dispirited.
abatimento
A2Dejection; a sad and depressed state; low spirits.
abertamente
A2openly, frankly; without concealment; publicly.
abismado
B1Filled with astonishment or wonder.
