A1 Nouns & Articles 1 min read Fácil

The Personal Marker 'Si'

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Use 'si' before the names of people to introduce them as the subject of your sentence.

  • Use 'si' before a person's name: Si Maria ay mabait. (Maria is kind.)
  • Do not use 'si' for objects or places: Ang bahay ay malaki. (The house is big.)
  • Use 'si' even if the person is a title: Si Dr. Santos ay nandito. (Dr. Santos is here.)
Si + [Person's Name] + [Predicate]

Meanings

The particle 'si' is a grammatical marker used specifically to introduce personal names or titles when they function as the subject of a sentence.

1

Personal Subject Marker

Marks a specific person as the topic or subject.

“Si Ana ay matalino.”

“Si Jose ang nagluto.”

Using 'Si' with Subjects

Marker Subject Type Example
Si Singular Person Si Maria
Si Singular Title Si Dr. Cruz
Sina Plural People Sina Maria at Juan
Ang Common Noun Ang aso
Ang Object Ang mesa
Ang Place Ang bahay

Reference Table

Reference table for The Personal Marker 'Si'
Form Structure Example
Affirmative Si + Name + ay + Predicate Si Maria ay mabait.
Negative Hindi + si + Name + ay + Predicate Hindi si Maria ay mabait.
Question Si + Name + ba + ang + Predicate? Si Maria ba ang guro?
Plural Sina + Name1 + at + Name2 Sina Maria at Juan.
Title Si + Title + Name Si Bb. Reyes.
Possessive Ang + [Object] + ni + [Name] Ang libro ni Maria.

Espectro de formalidade

Formal
Narito si Maria.

Narito si Maria. (Arrival)

Neutro
Si Maria ay narito.

Si Maria ay narito. (Arrival)

Informal
Nandito si Maria.

Nandito si Maria. (Arrival)

Gíria
Si Maria, nandito na!

Si Maria, nandito na! (Arrival)

The 'Si' Decision Tree

Is it a person?

Yes

  • Si Use for people

No

  • Ang Use for things

Exemplos por nível

1

Si Ana ay mabait.

Ana is kind.

2

Si Jose ang guro.

Jose is the teacher.

3

Si Maria ay masaya.

Maria is happy.

4

Si Pedro ay nandito.

Pedro is here.

1

Si Dr. Santos ang doktor ko.

Dr. Santos is my doctor.

2

Si Bb. Reyes ba ang darating?

Is Ms. Reyes the one coming?

3

Hindi si Juan ang kumuha nito.

Juan is not the one who took this.

4

Si Lolo ay nagluluto.

Grandpa is cooking.

1

Si Gng. Cruz ang nag-organisa ng party.

Mrs. Cruz organized the party.

2

Siya si Mark, ang bago nating katrabaho.

He is Mark, our new coworker.

3

Si Tatay ang nagmaneho ng kotse.

Dad drove the car.

4

Siya ba si Anna na taga-Maynila?

Is she the Anna from Manila?

1

Si Pangulong Duterte ang nagtalumpati.

President Duterte delivered the speech.

2

Siya si Professor Lim na eksperto sa wika.

He is Professor Lim, an expert in language.

3

Si Mayor ang nagbigay ng pahintulot.

The Mayor gave the permission.

4

Siya si Sarah, na kilala sa kanyang galing.

She is Sarah, known for her talent.

1

Siya si Jose Rizal, ang ating pambansang bayani.

He is Jose Rizal, our national hero.

2

Siya si Maria Clara, ang simbolo ng kadalisayan.

She is Maria Clara, the symbol of purity.

3

Siya si Heneral Luna na matapang.

He is General Luna, who is brave.

4

Siya si Padre Damaso na mapang-api.

He is Father Damaso, who is oppressive.

1

Siya si Andres Bonifacio, ang ama ng himagsikan.

He is Andres Bonifacio, the father of the revolution.

2

Siya si Gabriela Silang, ang matapang na lider.

She is Gabriela Silang, the brave leader.

3

Siya si Apolinario Mabini, ang dakilang lumpo.

He is Apolinario Mabini, the sublime paralytic.

4

Siya si Tandang Sora, ang ina ng Katipunan.

She is Tandang Sora, the mother of the Katipunan.

Fácil de confundir

The Personal Marker 'Si' vs Si vs Ang

Learners often use 'si' for everything.

The Personal Marker 'Si' vs Si vs Sina

Learners use 'si' for plural groups.

The Personal Marker 'Si' vs Si vs Ni

Learners mix up subject and possessive markers.

Erros comuns

Maria ay mabait.

Si Maria ay mabait.

Missing the personal marker.

Si mesa ay malaki.

Ang mesa ay malaki.

Using 'si' for an object.

Si Maria at Juan ay mabait.

Sina Maria at Juan ay mabait.

Using singular 'si' for plural.

Siya si mesa.

Ito ay mesa.

Incorrect usage of person marker.

Si aso ay tumatakbo.

Ang aso ay tumatakbo.

Using 'si' for animals.

Siya si bahay.

Ito ang bahay.

Incorrect marker.

Siya si doktor.

Siya ay doktor.

Redundant marker.

Siya si mga bata.

Sina mga bata.

Incorrect pluralization.

Siya si guro.

Siya ang guro.

Incorrect focus marker.

Siya si Maria na kaibigan ko.

Siya si Maria, ang kaibigan ko.

Punctuation/structure error.

Siya si mga kaibigan.

Sina mga kaibigan.

Grammar agreement.

Siya si lahat.

Lahat sila.

Incorrect quantifier usage.

Siya si sino?

Sino siya?

Question word order.

Padrões de frases

Si ___ ay mabait.

Si ___ ang guro.

Si ___ ba ang darating?

Si ___ ang nagluto nito.

Real World Usage

Texting constant

Si Maria na ang bahala.

Social Media very common

Si Sarah ang galing!

Job Interview common

Si Mr. Santos ang aking supervisor.

Travel common

Nasaan si Mr. Smith?

Food Delivery occasional

Si Juan ang magrereceive.

Classroom constant

Si Bb. Reyes ang guro.

💡

Focus on People

Always ask: Is this a person? If yes, use 'si'.
⚠️

No Objects

Never use 'si' for objects, even if you like them!
🎯

Plural Check

If you have more than one person, switch to 'sina'.
💬

Respect

Always use 'si' with titles to show respect.

Smart Tips

Immediately think 'Si'.

Maria ay mabait. Si Maria ay mabait.

Immediately think 'Ang'.

Si mesa ay malaki. Ang mesa ay malaki.

Switch to 'Sina'.

Si Maria at Juan. Sina Maria at Juan.

Always include 'Si'.

Dr. Cruz ay nandito. Si Dr. Cruz ay nandito.

Pronúncia

/si/

Si

Pronounced like 'see' in English.

Statement

Si Maria ay mabait. (Falling intonation)

Declarative

Memorize

Mnemônico

Si is for Someone. If it's a person, use Si!

Associação visual

Imagine a spotlight (Si) shining down on a person's head whenever you say their name.

Rhyme

When you talk about a person, don't be shy, just put a 'Si' before their name, my guy!

Story

Maria walked into the room. I pointed at her and said 'Si Maria!'. Then I saw a chair and said 'Ang mesa'. I never mixed them up again.

Word Web

SiSinaTaoPangalanGuroKaibigan

Desafio

Write 5 sentences about your family members using 'Si' for each one.

Notas culturais

Using 'si' with titles like 'Lolo' or 'Tita' is a sign of respect.

The marker 'si' is an Austronesian particle used to mark personal names.

Iniciadores de conversa

Sino si [Name]?

Si [Name] ba ang kaibigan mo?

Sino ang kasama mo?

Kilala mo ba si [Name]?

Temas para diário

Describe your best friend.
Write about a family member.
Introduce your favorite teacher.
Write about a historical figure.

Test Yourself

Fill in the blank with 'si' or 'ang'.

___ Maria ay mabait.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Si
Maria is a person.
Choose the correct marker. Múltipla escolha

___ mesa ay malaki.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ang
Mesa is an object.
Fix the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Si mesa ay maganda.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ang mesa ay maganda.
Mesa is an object.
Build a sentence. Sentence Building

Maria / mabait / si

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Si Maria ay mabait.
Correct word order.
Match the marker to the noun. Match Pairs

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Si/Ang
Si for people, Ang for objects.
Fill in the blank.

___ Dr. Santos ang doktor ko.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Si
Dr. Santos is a person.
Choose the correct marker. Múltipla escolha

___ aso ay tumatakbo.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ang
Aso is an animal.
Fix the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Si Maria at Juan ay mabait.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Sina Maria at Juan ay mabait.
Use 'sina' for plural.

Score: /8

Exercicios praticos

8 exercises
Fill in the blank with 'si' or 'ang'.

___ Maria ay mabait.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Si
Maria is a person.
Choose the correct marker. Múltipla escolha

___ mesa ay malaki.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ang
Mesa is an object.
Fix the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Si mesa ay maganda.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ang mesa ay maganda.
Mesa is an object.
Build a sentence. Sentence Building

Maria / mabait / si

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Si Maria ay mabait.
Correct word order.
Match the marker to the noun. Match Pairs

Maria vs Mesa

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Si/Ang
Si for people, Ang for objects.
Fill in the blank.

___ Dr. Santos ang doktor ko.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Si
Dr. Santos is a person.
Choose the correct marker. Múltipla escolha

___ aso ay tumatakbo.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ang
Aso is an animal.
Fix the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Si Maria at Juan ay mabait.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Sina Maria at Juan ay mabait.
Use 'sina' for plural.

Score: /8

Perguntas frequentes (8)

No, 'si' is strictly for humans. Use 'ang' for animals.

Use 'sina' instead of 'si'.

No, use 'ang' for places.

Because 'mesa' is an object, not a person.

No, they are different markers for different types of nouns.

Use it with titles like 'Lolo' or 'Tita'.

Yes, it is standard in all registers.

'Si' is singular, 'sina' is plural.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Spanish low

El/La

Specificity of 'si' to humans.

Japanese partial

wa/ga

Si is restricted to names.

English none

None

English lacks this grammatical category.

French low

Le/La

No distinction between people and things.

German low

Der/Die/Das

Si is gender-neutral.

Chinese none

None

No particle markers for subjects.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Was this helpful?
Nenhum comentário ainda. Seja o primeiro a compartilhar suas ideias!