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B2 noun 10 Min. Lesezeit

yargıç

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Erklärung yargıç in your Level:

At the A1 level, you just need to know that 'yargıç' means 'judge'. It is a person who works in a 'mahkeme' (court). You might see this word in a picture book about jobs. Think of it as a person in a black robe who decides who is right and who is wrong. You don't need to worry about complex legal sentences yet. Just remember: Yargıç = Judge. Example: 'O bir yargıç.' (He is a judge). It is a formal word. In daily life, some people say 'hakim', which is the same thing. You will mostly hear this word on the news. Even at A1, it is good to know that Turkish has many words for jobs, and 'yargıç' is one of the important ones for society.

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At the A2 level, you can start using 'yargıç' in simple sentences about the law or news. You should know that 'yargıç' works with 'avukat' (lawyer) and 'polis' (police). You can describe what a judge does: 'Yargıç karar verir' (The judge gives a decision). You should also notice the spelling. When you add '-ın' (of), it becomes 'yargıcın'. This is a small change from 'ç' to 'c'. At this level, you can understand simple news headlines like 'Yargıç davayı erteledi' (The judge postponed the case). It is a useful word for understanding basic social structures in Turkey. You might also see it in simple stories or dubbed TV shows.

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At the B1 level, you should be comfortable using 'yargıç' in various grammatical cases (yargıca, yargıcı, yargıçtan). You can discuss the role of a judge in more detail. For example, you can talk about 'adil bir yargıç' (a fair judge) or 'yargıcın tarafsızlığı' (the impartiality of the judge). You should understand that 'yargıç' is the more modern, 'Pure Turkish' version of 'hakim'. If you are writing a formal essay or a letter, using 'yargıç' is often better. You can also use it in compound nouns like 'sorgu yargıcı' (investigating judge). You are now moving beyond just naming the job to describing the qualities and actions of the person in that role.

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At the B2 level, 'yargıç' is a word you should know for discussing law, politics, and human rights. You should understand the nuances between 'yargıç' and 'hakim' and choose the right one based on the context (formal vs. informal). You can use the word in complex sentences with relative clauses: 'Dün televizyonda konuşan yargıç, hukukun üstünlüğünü vurguladı' (The judge who spoke on TV yesterday emphasized the rule of law). You should also be familiar with related terms like 'yargı' (the judiciary) and 'yargılamak' (to judge/to try). At this level, you can read newspaper articles about court cases and understand the specific role the 'yargıç' plays in the Turkish legal system, which is different from English-speaking countries.

At the C1 level, you use 'yargıç' with precision in academic or professional contexts. You can discuss 'yargıç güvencesi' (judicial guarantee) or 'yargıçların bağımsızlığı' (independence of judges) in the context of constitutional law. You understand the historical transition from 'kadı' to 'hakim' to 'yargıç' and the political implications of these word choices. You can follow complex legal debates where the 'yargıç's' interpretation of the law is analyzed. Your vocabulary includes professional titles like 'Anayasa Mahkemesi Yargıcı' (Constitutional Court Judge). You can also use the word metaphorically in literature or high-level social commentary to discuss the concept of justice itself.

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At the C2 level, 'yargıç' is part of your sophisticated legal and philosophical lexicon. You can engage in deep discussions about the 'vicdani kanaat' (conscientious conviction) of a 'yargıç' and how it interacts with the written law. You can analyze the stylistic choices of authors who use 'yargıç' to evoke a specific modern republican sentiment. You understand the most obscure legal uses of the word and its derivatives. You can write professional legal critiques or academic papers in Turkish where 'yargıç' is used to discuss the separation of powers and the philosophy of justice. You are fully aware of the word's etymological roots in Old Turkic and its place in the 20th-century language revolution.

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yargıç in 30 Sekunden

Yargıç means 'judge' in Turkish. It is a formal noun used for legal officials in a court.
It is the modern, 'Pure Turkish' alternative to the Arabic-origin word 'hakim'.
Grammatically, the 'ç' changes to 'c' when followed by a vowel (e.g., yargıcın).
Commonly heard in news, legal documents, and formal literature regarding justice.

The Turkish word yargıç is a formal noun referring to a judge—a public official appointed to preside over legal proceedings and deliver verdicts in a court of law. In the Turkish language, this term belongs to the 'Öztürkçe' (Pure Turkish) movement, which sought to replace loanwords of Arabic or Persian origin with words derived from Turkic roots. The root of the word is yargı, meaning 'judgment' or 'verdict', combined with the agentive suffix -ç. While its synonym hakim (of Arabic origin) remains extremely common in daily speech and even within the legal system, yargıç is the preferred term in modern official documents, secular legal contexts, and academic legal discourse.

Legal Authority: The yargıç is the ultimate arbiter of justice in the Turkish courtroom, responsible for interpreting the law and ensuring a fair trial. Unlike in common law systems, a Turkish yargıç often takes a more active role in the inquisitorial process.
Linguistic Register: Choosing between 'yargıç' and 'hakim' can sometimes signal a speaker's linguistic preference. 'Yargıç' feels more modern, secular, and aligned with language reform, whereas 'hakim' feels more traditional and is deeply embedded in the historical legal lexicon.

Deneyimli yargıç, tüm kanıtları dikkatle inceledikten sonra kararını verdi.

Translation: The experienced judge gave his decision after carefully examining all the evidence.

In a broader societal context, the word carries a weight of impartiality and wisdom. When someone says 'Yargıç gibi konuşma' (Don't talk like a judge), they might be suggesting that the person is being overly judgmental or authoritative. However, in its primary sense, it is strictly professional. You will encounter this word in news reports regarding high-court rulings, in literature describing scenes of justice, and in political discussions concerning the independence of the judiciary (yargı bağımsızlığı).

Anayasa Mahkemesi yargıçları bugün toplandı.

Translation: The Constitutional Court judges met today.

Symbolism: The yargıç represents the 'scales of justice' (adaletin terazisi). In Turkish culture, the fairness of a judge is often used as a benchmark for the health of the state.

Genç yargıç, davanın gidişatını değiştirecek bir soru sordu.

Translation: The young judge asked a question that would change the course of the case.

Ultimately, yargıç is an essential word for anyone wishing to understand Turkish legal structures or engage with high-level news content. Its morphological transparency (yargı + -ç) makes it a perfect example of how modern Turkish vocabulary is constructed from native roots to describe complex social institutions.

Using the word yargıç correctly involves understanding both its grammatical behavior and the typical verbs it associates with. As a noun, it follows standard Turkish declension rules, but because it ends in the consonant 'ç', it undergoes consonant mutation (ünsüz yumuşaması) when followed by a suffix starting with a vowel, changing the 'ç' to a 'c'. For example, 'the judge's' is yargıcın, and 'to the judge' is yargıca.

Subject Position: The judge enters the room. -> Yargıç odaya giriyor. Here, it acts as the doer of the action.
Direct Object: We respect the judge. -> Yargıca saygı duyuyoruz. (Note: respect takes the dative case in Turkish).

Yargıcın kararı herkesi şaşırttı.

Translation: The judge's decision surprised everyone. (Note the ç -> c change).

Common verbs used with yargıç include hükmetmek (to rule), karar vermek (to decide), dinlemek (to listen/hear), and atamak (to appoint). In passive constructions, you might hear about someone being 'judged' or 'brought before a judge' (yargıç karşısına çıkarılmak).

Dosyayı inceleyen yargıç ek süre tanıdı.

Translation: The judge examining the file granted additional time.

In compound nouns, yargıç often appears as the second element, such as sorgu yargıcı (investigating judge) or başyargıç (chief justice). These structures require the third-person possessive suffix -ı/-i on the word yargıç, again triggering the 'ç' to 'c' change.

Professional Titles: When referring to the profession in general, the word is used without articles: 'Yargıç olmak zordur' (Being a judge is difficult).

Mahkeme salonunda yargıçtan başka kimse yoktu.

Translation: There was no one in the courtroom besides the judge.

Finally, consider the word in metaphorical or abstract sentences. A 'conscience' can be described as an inner judge: Vicdan, insanın içindeki en dürüst yargıçtır. (Conscience is the most honest judge within a person). This shows the word's versatility beyond the literal courtroom setting.

While hakim dominates the spoken landscape of Turkish streets, yargıç is the star of formal and intellectual environments. If you tune into a news broadcast on a channel like TRT or read a high-brow newspaper like Cumhuriyet, you are significantly more likely to hear yargıç. It is the language of the state and the academy.

The Courtroom: In actual legal proceedings, the bench is referred to as 'Heyet' if there are multiple judges, but an individual is often formally addressed as 'Sayın Yargıç' in modern legal reformist circles.
News & Media: Headlines about European Court of Human Rights (AİHM) or the Turkish Constitutional Court (Anayasa Mahkemesi) almost exclusively use 'yargıç'.

Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi yargıçları yeni bir karar açıkladı.

Translation: The European Court of Human Rights judges announced a new decision.

In academic settings, such as law faculties (Hukuk Fakültesi), professors will use yargıç to discuss the theory of law, the role of the judiciary, and legal philosophy. It sounds more precise and less 'loaded' with religious historical connotations than hakim, which shares a root with 'Hikmet' (wisdom/divine knowledge).

Hukuk öğrencileri, emekli bir yargıçla söyleşi yaptı.

Translation: Law students had an interview with a retired judge.

You will also see the word in literature, particularly in works written after the 1930s Language Reform. Authors who prefer 'Öztürkçe' will use yargıç to create a specific atmosphere of modernity or to reflect the official language of the Republic.

International Relations: When Turkish diplomats or legal experts represent the country in international tribunals (like the ICJ), they are referred to as 'Türk yargıç'.

Uluslararası mahkemede görev yapan ilk Türk yargıç kimdir?

Translation: Who is the first Turkish judge to serve in an international court?

So, while you might hear a neighbor say 'Hakim bey' when referring to a local authority figure, you will see 'Yargıç' on the cover of a law textbook or in the scroll of a news ticker. It is the word of the law, the word of the state, and the word of the educated elite.

For learners of Turkish, the most common pitfall with yargıç is not the word itself, but the confusion between it and other legal roles. Many students accidentally swap 'yargıç' (judge) with 'savcı' (prosecutor) or 'avukat' (lawyer). In the Turkish system, the savcı and yargıç are both parts of the judiciary, but their roles are diametrically opposed—one accuses, the other decides.

Consonant Mutation: A frequent grammatical error is forgetting to change the 'ç' to 'c' when adding a vowel suffix. Saying yargıçı instead of yargıcı is a hallmark of a beginner's mistake.

Yanlış: Yargıçı gördüm. (Wrong)
Doğru: Yargıcı gördüm. (Correct)

Another mistake involves the 'register' or formality level. Using yargıç in a very informal, slang-heavy conversation might sound slightly out of place or even sarcastic, like calling a friend 'Your Honor' in English. In casual settings, hakim is more natural.

Confusing with 'Hakim': While they mean the same thing, 'hakim' can also mean 'dominant' or 'master of' (e.g., konuya hakim olmak). 'Yargıç' only ever means the legal official. Don't use 'yargıç' to mean 'dominant'.

O, konuya çok hakim. (He has mastered the subject - Correct)
O, konuya çok yargıç. (Nonsense - Incorrect)

Finally, be careful with the word yargılama (trial/judging). Learners sometimes say 'Yargıç yargılama yaptı' which is redundant. It is better to say 'Yargıç karar verdi' (The judge decided) or 'Mahkeme yargılama yaptı' (The court conducted the trial).

Lütfen yargıç ile savcıyı karıştırmayın.

Translation: Please do not confuse the judge with the prosecutor.

In summary: watch your consonant mutations, keep the professional register in mind, and distinguish the judge from the prosecutor and the lawyer. Mastery of yargıç shows a high level of Turkish proficiency and an awareness of the language's modern evolution.

The world of Turkish law and judgment has several overlapping terms. Understanding the subtle differences between them will help you sound more like a native speaker and less like a textbook. The most obvious alternative is hakim, but there are others depending on the context of 'judging'.

Yargıç vs. Hakim: Yargıç: Pure Turkish, formal, used in news/academia, specifically legal.
Hakim: Arabic origin, common in daily speech, used as a title (Hakim Bey), can also mean 'ruler' or 'master of a subject'.
Yargıç vs. Savcı: The yargıç is the referee/decision-maker. The savcı (prosecutor) is the one who brings the charges on behalf of the state. They sit on the same 'bench' in Turkish courts, but their roles are different.
Yargıç vs. Hakem: A hakem is a referee in sports or an arbitrator in a private dispute. You would never call a football referee a 'yargıç'.

Maçın hakemi penaltı noktasını gösterdi.

Translation: The match referee pointed to the penalty spot. (Note: Using 'yargıç' here would be wrong).

Bu meseleyi çözmek için tarafsız bir hakeme ihtiyacımız var.

Translation: We need an impartial arbitrator to solve this issue.

In a non-legal, more general sense, if you want to say someone is 'judging' you (criticizing), you use the verb yargılamak. However, the person doing the judging in a social context isn't called a 'yargıç'; they are just someone who is yargılayıcı (judgmental).

Summary Table

Yargıç: Court Judge (Formal/Modern)
Hakim: Court Judge (Common/Traditional)
Hakem: Sports Referee / Private Arbitrator
Savcı: Prosecutor
Avukat: Lawyer

By distinguishing between these terms, you demonstrate a nuanced understanding of Turkish vocabulary. Use yargıç when you want to sound professional, precise, and modern, especially in writing or formal discussion.

How Formal Is It?

Wusstest du?

The word 'yargıç' was popularized during the 1930s Language Revolution in Turkey to replace the Arabic word 'hakim'. It follows the pattern of ancient Turkic titles.

Aussprachehilfe

UK /jaɾˈɡɯtʃ/

US /jɑrˈɡətʃ/

The stress is on the second syllable: yar-GÜÇ.

Reimt sich auf

ardıç bakırç kırç sarkıç çıkıç kılıç kamçı (partial) ayrıç

Häufige Fehler

Pronouncing 'ı' like 'ee' in 'seen'. It should be more neutral.
Softening the 'g' too much. It's a hard 'g'.
Over-emphasizing the 'r'. Turkish 'r' is a light flap.
Pronouncing 'ç' as 's'. It is always 'ch'.
Missing the stress on the final syllable.

Schwierigkeitsgrad

Lesen 3/5

Easy to recognize in texts, but requires knowing the synonym 'hakim'.

Schreiben 4/5

Requires remembering the 'ç' to 'c' mutation when adding suffixes.

Sprechen 4/5

The 'ı' sound and the 'ç' ending can be tricky for native English speakers.

Hören 3/5

Clear pronunciation, but often confused with 'hakim' or 'savcı' in fast speech.

Was du als Nächstes lernen solltest

Voraussetzungen

yargı mahkeme karar hukuk insan

Als Nächstes lernen

savcı avukat duruşma müebbet beraat

Fortgeschritten

içtihat temyiz müdafaa iddianame gerekçeli karar

Wichtige Grammatik

Consonant Mutation (p, ç, t, k -> b, c, d, ğ)

yargıç -> yargıcı

Noun Compounds

Anayasa Mahkemesi Yargıcı

Genitive-Possessive Case

Yargıcın kararı

Necessitative Mood (-malı/-meli)

Yargıç tarafsız olmalı.

Passive Voice in Verbs

Yargıç atandı.

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Beispiele nach Niveau

O bir yargıç.

He is a judge.

Simple noun sentence with the verb 'to be' (implied).

Yargıç burada.

The judge is here.

Locative meaning with 'burada'.

Yargıç yaşlı.

The judge is old.

Adjective-noun structure.

Yargıç mutlu değil.

The judge is not happy.

Negative sentence using 'değil'.

Bu bir yargıç mı?

Is this a judge?

Question form with 'mı'.

Yargıç kalem tutuyor.

The judge is holding a pen.

Present continuous tense.

Yargıç siyah giyiyor.

The judge wears black.

General present tense.

Yargıç masada.

The judge is at the table.

Locative case '-da'.

Yargıç mahkemede çalışır.

The judge works in court.

Aorist tense for general facts.

Yargıç karar verdi.

The judge gave a decision.

Past tense '-di'.

Yargıca soru sordum.

I asked the judge a question.

Dative case '-a' (ç changes to c).

Yargıcı gördün mü?

Did you see the judge?

Accusative case '-ı' (ç changes to c).

Yargıç çok ciddiydi.

The judge was very serious.

Past tense of a noun/adjective.

Yeni bir yargıç atandı.

A new judge was appointed.

Passive voice.

Yargıç avukatı dinledi.

The judge listened to the lawyer.

Accusative case on the object.

Yargıçtan yardım istedi.

He asked for help from the judge.

Ablative case '-tan'.

Yargıç, davanın sonucunu açıkladı.

The judge announced the result of the case.

Possessive construction 'davanın sonucu'.

Adil bir yargıç her zaman dürüst olmalıdır.

A fair judge must always be honest.

Necessitative mood '-malı'.

Yargıcın odası çok büyüktü.

The judge's room was very big.

Genitive-possessive (yargıc-ın odas-ı).

Yargıçlar hukuku korumakla görevlidir.

Judges are responsible for protecting the law.

Plural '-lar' and instrumental '-la'.

Dosyayı yargıca teslim ettiler.

They delivered the file to the judge.

Compound verb 'teslim etmek'.

Yargıç, tanığın ifadesini yetersiz buldu.

The judge found the witness's statement insufficient.

Accusative case on 'ifade'.

Yargıç olmak için çok çalışmak gerekir.

To become a judge, one needs to work hard.

Infinitive '-mak' for 'to become'.

Emekli bir yargıçla tanıştım.

I met a retired judge.

Adjective 'emekli' (retired).

Yargıç, tarafsızlığını korumak zorundadır.

The judge is obliged to maintain their impartiality.

'Zorunda' (obliged) structure.

Yargıcın verdiği karar emsal teşkil ediyor.

The decision given by the judge sets a precedent.

Participle 'verdiği' (that he gave).

Yargıç, sanığın tutuklu yargılanmasına karar verdi.

The judge decided that the defendant be tried while under arrest.

Verbal noun 'yargılanması'.

Bağımsız bir yargıç, baskı altında kalmamalıdır.

An independent judge should not remain under pressure.

Negative necessitative mood.

Yargıç, avukatın itirazını reddetti.

The judge rejected the lawyer's objection.

Compound verb 'reddetmek'.

Yargıçlar Kurulu bugün toplandı.

The Council of Judges met today.

Noun compound.

Yargıç, kanıtların hukuka aykırı olduğunu belirtti.

The judge stated that the evidence was contrary to the law.

Subordinate clause with '-duğunu'.

Yargıcın müdahalesi davanın seyrini değiştirdi.

The judge's intervention changed the course of the case.

Possessive 'seyr-i'.

Yargıç, vicdani kanaati ile kanunlar arasında bir denge kurar.

The judge establishes a balance between their conscientious conviction and the laws.

Abstract legal terminology.

Anayasa Mahkemesi yargıçları, yasaların anayasaya uygunluğunu denetler.

Constitutional Court judges audit the compliance of laws with the constitution.

Complex noun phrase.

Yargıç güvencesi, demokratik bir hukuk devletinin temelidir.

Judicial guarantee is the foundation of a democratic state of law.

Abstract noun phrase.

Yargıcın hukuki yorumu, doktrinde geniş yer buldu.

The judge's legal interpretation found significant place in the doctrine.

Academic register.

Yargıç, tarafların iddialarını titizlikle değerlendirdi.

The judge meticulously evaluated the claims of the parties.

Adverb 'titizlikle'.

Yargıçların atanma süreci şeffaf olmalıdır.

The appointment process of judges must be transparent.

Passive verbal noun 'atanma'.

Yargıç, kararın gerekçesini detaylıca açıkladı.

The judge explained the reasoning of the decision in detail.

Possessive 'kararın gerekçesi'.

Uluslararası bir yargıç olarak görev yapmak büyük bir onurdur.

Serving as an international judge is a great honor.

Adverbial 'olarak'.

Yargıcın takdir yetkisi, hukuk kuralları çerçevesinde sınırsız değildir.

The judge's discretionary power is not unlimited within the framework of legal rules.

Legal term 'takdir yetkisi'.

Yargıç, toplumsal vicdanın sesini hukuk normlarıyla harmanlar.

The judge blends the voice of social conscience with legal norms.

Metaphorical usage.

Yargıçların bağımsızlığı, yürütme organının müdahalelerinden arındırılmalıdır.

The independence of judges must be purified from the interventions of the executive branch.

Passive 'arındırılmalıdır'.

Yargıç, adaletin tecellisi için tarafsızlık zırhına bürünmelidir.

The judge must don the armor of impartiality for the manifestation of justice.

Literary/Metaphorical register.

Yargıcın hukuku yaratma işlevi, özellikle boşluk bulunan hallerde belirginleşir.

The judge's function of creating law becomes evident especially in cases where there is a gap.

Advanced legal theory.

Yargıç, sadece kanun koyucunun iradesini değil, hukukun ruhunu da gözetir.

The judge considers not only the will of the legislator but also the spirit of the law.

'Sadece... değil, ... da' structure.

Yargıçların mesleki etik kurallarına bağlılığı, yargıya olan güveni tesis eder.

The commitment of judges to professional ethical rules establishes trust in the judiciary.

Complex abstract subjects.

Yargıç, her somut olayı kendi özgün koşulları içinde irdelemekle yükümlüdür.

The judge is obliged to scrutinize every concrete case within its own unique conditions.

Infinitive with '-le yükümlü'.

Synonyme

hakim karar verici kadı heyet başkanı adalet dağıtıcı müstنtik başyargıç üye

Gegenteile

sanık suçlu mağdur taraf

Häufige Kollokationen

yargıç kararı

adil yargıç

yargıç atamak

bağımsız yargıç

yargıç kürsüsü

baş yargıç

yargıç cübbesi

yargıçlar kurulu

sorgu yargıcı

yargıç önünde

Häufige Phrasen

Sayın Yargıç

— Honorable Judge. Used to address the judge in court.

Sayın Yargıç, bir maruzatım var.

Yargıç gibi davranmak

— To act like a judge. Often used for someone being overly critical.

Bana yargıç gibi davranmayı bırak.

Yargıç huzuruna çıkmak

— To appear before a judge.

Yarın sabah yargıç huzuruna çıkacak.

Yargıç kararıyla

— By judge's order.

Ev, yargıç kararıyla mühürlendi.

Kendi kendinin yargıcı olmak

— To be one's own judge (self-reflection).

İnsan, kendi kendinin en sert yargıcıdır.

Yargıç tayin etmek

— To appoint a judge.

Maç için bir baş yargıç tayin edildi.

Yargıç kürsüsü

— The judge's bench.

Yargıç kürsüsünden taraflara baktı.

Yargıç tokmağı

— The judge's gavel.

Yargıç tokmağını vurarak duruşmayı bitirdi.

Yargıç bağımsızlığı

— Judicial independence.

Yargıç bağımsızlığı anayasa ile korunur.

Yargıç teminatı

— Judicial tenure/guarantee.

Yargıç teminatı, adaletin temel taşıdır.

Wird oft verwechselt mit

yargıç vs savcı

The prosecutor. They accuse, while the yargıç decides.

yargıç vs hakem

A sports referee or arbitrator. Not used in a court of law.

yargıç vs yargı

The abstract concept of judgment or the institution of the judiciary.

Redewendungen & Ausdrücke

"Yargıç kesilmek"

— To start acting like a judge or being very judgmental without authority.

Her konuda başımıza yargıç kesilme.

Informal

"Vicdanın yargıcı"

— One's conscience acting as a judge.

Vicdanının yargıcından kaçamazsın.

Literary

"Adaletin kestiği parmak acımaz"

— A decision made by a fair judge (justice) is acceptable even if it hurts.

Yargıç ne derse o, adaletin kestiği parmak acımaz.

Common Proverb

"Yargı dağıtmak"

— To hand out judgments (often used ironically in social media for strong opinions).

Twitter'da yine yargı dağıtıyor.

Slang

"Hakimiyet kayıtsız şartsız milletindir"

— Sovereignty belongs unconditionally to the nation (related to the authority of judges).

Mahkeme salonlarında bu yazı yargıcın arkasında asılıdır.

Formal/Political

"Kalemini kırmak"

— To sentence someone to death (literally a judge breaking their pen).

Yargıç, sanığın kalemini kırdı.

Historical/Idiomatic

"Hukuk önünde eşitlik"

— Equality before the law (the principle judges follow).

Yargıç herkese hukuk önünde eşit davranır.

Legal

"Geciken adalet adalet değildir"

— Delayed justice is not justice (a common saying judges are reminded of).

Yargıç davayı hızlandırmaya çalıştı.

Legal Proverb

"Ekmek kadar aziz, su kadar berrak adalet"

— Justice as holy as bread, as clear as water (referring to a good judge's work).

Eski yargıçlar böyle derdi.

Poetic

"Yargısız infaz"

— Summary execution (judging someone without a trial).

Bana yargısız infaz yapıyorsun.

Common

Leicht verwechselbar

yargıç vs yargı

Similar root.

'Yargı' is the concept/institution, 'yargıç' is the person.

Yargı bağımsızdır, yargıç ise tarafsız.

yargıç vs yargılama

Same word family.

'Yargılama' is the process (trial), 'yargıç' is the person conducting it.

Yargılama süreci yargıç tarafından yönetilir.

yargıç vs hakim

They are synonyms.

'Hakim' is Arabic-origin and more common in speech; 'yargıç' is Pure Turkish and more formal.

Halk arasında hakim, resmiyette yargıç denir.

yargıç vs hakem

Similar sound.

'Hakem' is for sports or arbitration; 'yargıç' is for legal courts.

Maçta hakem, mahkemede yargıç olur.

yargıç vs avukat

Both are legal professions.

The lawyer (avukat) defends or represents; the judge (yargıç) decides.

Avukat savunur, yargıç hükmeder.

Satzmuster

O bir [meslek].

O bir yargıç.

[Özne] [Nesne]-i [Fiil].

Yargıç dosyayı okudu.

[İsim]-in [İsim]-i [Sıfat].

Yargıcın kararı adildi.

[Fiil]-en [Özne] [Fiil].

Karar veren yargıç emekli oldu.

[İsim] [İsim] tarafından [Fiil]-ildi.

Dava yargıç tarafından reddedildi.

[Soyut İsim], [İsim]-in [Fiil]-mesiyle [Fiil].

Adalet, yargıcın tarafsızlığıyla sağlanır.

[Özne], [Nesne]-e [Fiil].

Yargıç tanığa sordu.

[Özne], [Nesne]-den [Fiil].

Yargıç kanıtlardan bahsetti.

Wortfamilie

Substantive

yargı (judgment)

yargılama (trial)

yargıtay (supreme court)

yargıçlık (judgeship)

Verben

yargılamak (to judge)

yargılanmak (to be judged)

Adjektive

yargısal (judicial)

yargılayıcı (judgmental)

Verwandt

mahkeme (court)

adalet (justice)

hukuk (law)

savcı (prosecutor)

avukat (lawyer)

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So verwendest du es

frequency

High in formal contexts; Medium in daily speech.

Häufige Fehler

Yargıçı → Yargıcı
Forgetting the consonant mutation (ç -> c) when adding a vowel suffix.
Maçın yargıcı → Maçın hakemi
Using 'yargıç' for a sports referee instead of 'hakem'.
Yargıç suçluyu tutukladı. → Polis suçluyu tutukladı.
Confusing the role of the judge with the police. A judge orders arrest, but the police carry it out.
Yargıç savunma yaptı. → Avukat savunma yaptı.
Confusing the judge with the lawyer. The judge listens; the lawyer defends.
O konuya çok yargıç. → O konuya çok hakim.
Using 'yargıç' to mean 'master of a subject' which only 'hakim' can do.

Tipps

Consonant Softening

Remember: yargıç + ı = yargıcı. This 'ç' to 'c' change happens in many Turkish words, so 'yargıç' is a great word to practice this rule.

The Root 'Yar-'

Knowing that 'yargıç' comes from 'yarmak' (to split) helps you understand the historical role of a judge as someone who splits the truth.

Formal Writing

If you are writing an academic paper or a formal letter about the law, always prefer 'yargıç' over 'hakim' to sound more professional.

Judicial Independence

In Turkey, 'yargı bağımsızlığı' (judicial independence) is a very important concept. Using the word 'yargıç' often leads into this topic.

The 'ı' Sound

Don't pronounce 'yargıç' like 'yarg-each'. The 'ı' is a deep sound from the throat. Think of the sound you make when you are thinking: 'uhhh'.

News Headlines

Look for 'yargıç' in Turkish newspapers. It's one of the most common words in the politics and law sections.

The Gavel

Imagine the 'ç' at the end of 'yargıç' as the sound of a gavel hitting the desk: 'Ch!' This helps you remember the spelling.

Atatürk's Reforms

Learning 'yargıç' is a gateway to understanding the 1930s Turkish language reforms and the secularization of the state.

Don't be a Judge

In social settings, avoid 'yargıç kesilmek' (acting like a judge) unless you want to sound like you're criticizing someone's behavior.

TÖMER/YDS

This word frequently appears in advanced Turkish exams like TÖMER or YDS in the reading comprehension sections.

Einprägen

Eselsbrücke

Think of 'YAR-gıç'. A judge YARDS (splits) the truth from the lies. The suffix '-gıç' is like the 'ch' in 'Chief'. So, the 'Judge-Chief'.

Visuelle Assoziation

Visualize a judge's gavel (tokmak) hitting a piece of wood, 'splitting' (yar-) the case into a decision.

Word Web

Yargı (Judgment) Mahkeme (Court) Adalet (Justice) Karar (Decision) Hukuk (Law) Cübbe (Robe) Tokmak (Gavel) Hakim (Synonym)

Herausforderung

Try to use 'yargıç' in three different sentences: one about a news story, one about a movie, and one about your own conscience.

Wortherkunft

Derived from the Old Turkic root 'yar-' which means to split, divide, or decide. This root has been used for centuries in Turkic languages to describe the act of making a decision.

Ursprüngliche Bedeutung: One who splits the truth from the lie; a decider.

Turkic

Kultureller Kontext

Be careful when discussing the 'independence' of judges in a political context, as it can be a sensitive topic in modern Turkey.

Unlike the US or UK where judges are often elected or appointed through political processes, Turkish judges are career civil servants who enter the profession through a national exam.

Anayasa Mahkemesi (The Constitutional Court) Yargıtay (The Supreme Court of Appeals) The play 'Reis Bey' by Necip Fazıl Kısakürek (about a judge).

Im Alltag üben

Kontexte aus dem Alltag

In a Courtroom

Ayağa kalkın!
Söz istiyorum.
İtiraz ediyorum.
Karar açıklanıyor.

In the News

Yargıç kararı bozdu.
Yargıçlar toplandı.
Yeni atama yapıldı.
Dava ertelendi.

In Law School

Yargıç etiği.
Yargısal yorum.
Hukuki süreç.
Emsal karar.

In Literature

Vicdan azabı.
Adalet arayışı.
Yargıcın çilesi.
Hüküm gecesi.

In Social Commentary

Yargı bağımsızlığı.
Hukuk devleti.
Adil yargılanma hakkı.
Yargı reformu.

Gesprächseinstiege

"Sence bir yargıçta olması gereken en önemli özellik nedir?"

"Hiç hayatında bir yargıçla tanıştın mı?"

"Yargıçların yapay zeka tarafından değiştirilebileceğine inanıyor musun?"

"Kendi ülkendeki yargıç atama sistemini biliyor musun?"

"Bir filmde gördüğün en etkileyici yargıç karakteri kimdi?"

Tagebuch-Impulse

Eğer bir günlüğüne yargıç olsaydın, hangi toplumsal sorunu çözmek için bir karar verirdin?

Vicdan ve kanunlar arasında kalan bir yargıcın iç dünyasını anlatan kısa bir hikaye yaz.

Adaletin simgesi olan yargıç kavramı sence modern dünyada nasıl değişti?

Bir yargıcın tarafsız olması neden bu kadar zordur? Kendi düşüncelerini açıkla.

Mahkeme salonundaki atmosferi ve yargıcın oradaki ağırlığını betimleyen bir yazı yaz.

Häufig gestellte Fragen

10 Fragen

They mean the same thing (judge). 'Yargıç' is a modern, Pure Turkish word, while 'hakim' is an older, Arabic-origin word. 'Yargıç' is more common in formal writing and news, while 'hakim' is more common in daily speech.

In a formal setting like a courtroom, you should say 'Sayın Yargıç' or 'Sayın Hakim'. If you are speaking to them as a person, 'Hakim Bey' or 'Hakim Hanım' is also very common.

This is a rule in Turkish grammar called 'consonant mutation' or 'consonant softening'. When a word ends in 'p, ç, t, k' and is followed by a suffix starting with a vowel, the ending consonant softens.

No, for sports referees, you must use the word 'hakem'. Using 'yargıç' in a sports context would sound very strange.

Yes, it is a prestigious career. Judges are civil servants who work for the Ministry of Justice and the independent courts.

Yes, absolutely. There are many female judges in Turkey at all levels of the legal system.

The Supreme Court of Appeals is called 'Yargıtay'. Notice it shares the same root as 'yargıç'.

The verb is 'yargılamak'. For example, 'Beni yargılama' means 'Don't judge me'.

Older translations use 'hakim', but some modern translations might use 'yargıç' to make the language more current.

It literally means 'execution without a trial'. It is used idiomatically when someone is condemned by others before they have a chance to explain themselves.

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