Despite the preceding circumstances, the subsequent event occurs or the state remains unchanged.
Word in 30 Seconds
- Despite previous situation, something else happens.
- Connects contrasting ideas or outcomes.
- Emphasizes persistence or unexpected results.
Overview
“尽管如此”是一个常用的连接性短语，用于表达一种转折关系。它表明，尽管存在某种情况、原因或限制（由前一句引出），但后面描述的事件或状态仍然发生或保持不变。这个短语在书面语和口语中都非常普遍，尤其是在需要强调对比或出乎意料的转折时。
“尽管如此”通常用在句子的开头，后面跟逗号，然后是表示转折的后半句。它连接了两个分句，前一个分句陈述了某种情况，后一个分句则在这种情况下依然成立。例如：‘天气预报说今天有雨，尽管如此，我还是决定出门散步。’ 也可以用在句中，但相对少见，且通常需要更强的语气或上下文提示。
这个短语常用于描述各种情况下的坚持、例外或意想不到的结果。例如，在讨论困难但最终成功的故事时（‘项目面临很多挑战，尽管如此，团队还是按时完成了。’）；在描述个人决定时（‘他学习成绩不好，尽管如此，他并没有放弃对音乐的热爱。’）；或在总结分析时（‘数据显示销售额在下降，尽管如此，我们对未来市场依然乐观。’）。
“然而”、“但是”、“不过”等词语也表示转折，但“尽管如此”的转折意味更强，它强调的是在“前面情况”的“阻碍”或“不利影响”下，后者的发生或保持。例如，“他很累，但是他还是去了。”（强调累和去的对比），而“他很累，尽管如此，他还是坚持完成了工作。”（强调累这个不利因素下，坚持完成工作的不易和难得）。“虽然...但是...”句式也表达转折，但“尽管如此”更侧重于前句事实的既成性。
Examples
他学习非常努力，尽管如此，考试成绩仍然不理想。
everydayHe studied very hard; nevertheless, his exam results were still not satisfactory.
公司面临巨大的市场压力，尽管如此，我们依然决定按原计划推出新产品。
formalThe company is facing immense market pressure; despite this, we have still decided to launch the new product as originally planned.
外面下着倾盆大雨，尽管如此，孩子们还是吵着要去公园玩。
informalIt was pouring rain outside; nevertheless, the children were still clamoring to go to the park.
尽管如此，该模型在预测准确性方面仍存在显著局限性。
academicDespite this, the model still has significant limitations in terms of prediction accuracy.
Common Collocations
Common Phrases
尽管如此，他还是坚持了下来。
Despite this, he still persisted.
尽管如此，我们不能放弃。
Nevertheless, we cannot give up.
尽管如此，情况并没有好转。
Despite this, the situation did not improve.
Often Confused With
'但是' is a more general conjunction for contrast. '尽管如此' specifically implies that the following statement holds true *in spite of* the preceding facts or circumstances, suggesting a stronger level of unexpectedness or persistence.
'然而' also indicates contrast or a turn in the narrative, often used in more formal or literary contexts. '尽管如此' carries a stronger sense of overcoming or proceeding despite obstacles mentioned before.
Grammar Patterns
How to Use It
Usage Notes
1. '尽管如此' functions as an adverbial phrase connecting two clauses, typically starting the second clause. 2. It emphasizes that the situation described in the second clause persists or occurs despite the conditions mentioned in the first clause. 3. While common in both spoken and written Chinese, it can lend a slightly more formal or literary tone compared to simpler conjunctions like '但是'. 4. Ensure the preceding clause clearly establishes a context or condition that makes the following statement noteworthy.
Common Mistakes
1. Placing '尽管如此' incorrectly within the sentence structure, disrupting the flow. 2. Using it where a simple contrast (like '但是') would suffice, making the language unnecessarily complex. 3. Failing to establish a clear preceding condition or situation, which weakens the impact of '尽管如此'. 4. Confusing its logical function with cause-and-effect conjunctions.
Tips
Strengthen your contrastive statements
Use '尽管如此' to highlight unexpected outcomes or persistence against odds. It adds emphasis to your point.
Avoid overuse in casual chat
While versatile, '尽管如此' can sound a bit formal or literary in very casual spoken Chinese. Consider '但是' or '不过' for simpler contrasts.
Cultural emphasis on resilience
The frequent use of phrases like '尽管如此' reflects a cultural appreciation for resilience and overcoming difficulties, common in Chinese narratives and values.
Word Origin
The phrase combines '尽管' (jǐn guǎn), meaning 'although' or 'even though', and '如此' (rú cǐ), meaning 'like this' or 'so'. Together, they form a cohesive unit expressing concession and contrast.
Cultural Context
The phrase reflects a narrative style that values acknowledging difficulties before highlighting perseverance or unexpected outcomes. This aligns with cultural values that often emphasize resilience, determination, and the ability to succeed against the odds.
Memory Tip
Think of '尽管如此' as saying 'Even though the situation is like this (尽管如此), the story continues differently (or the same!)'. It's like a stubborn character who insists on doing something regardless of the circumstances.
Frequently Asked Questions
4 questions“尽管如此”通常比“但是”语气更强，更强调前述情况的客观存在和潜在的阻碍作用，而后者仍然发生。 “但是”则更普遍，表示简单的转折。
虽然“尽管如此”最常用于句首，但也可以用在句中，通常前后需要有停顿（如逗号），并且语境需要清晰。例如：“他这个人，尽管如此，在关键时刻总能靠得住。”
不一定完全相反，但后半句的内容通常是在前半句所述情况的“意料之外”或“不那么顺理成章”的。它表示一种不被前因完全决定的结果。
是的，“尽管如此”在正式和非正式场合都可以使用，但它本身带有一定的书面语色彩，在非常口语化的随意聊天中，人们可能更倾向于使用“但是”或“不过”。
Test Yourself
他学习成绩并不理想，______，他依然坚持每天复习功课。
句子的前半部分陈述了一个不利条件（成绩不理想），后半部分描述了一个在这种情况下依然坚持的行为，体现了转折关系，因此“尽管如此”最合适。
“外面在下大雨，尽管如此，他还是出门了。”这句话的转折关系最接近以下哪个选项？
“尽管如此”和“但是”都表示转折，说明后半句的情况与前半句的预期相反或不符。其他选项的逻辑关系不符。
请用“尽管如此”将以下两个句子连接成一个有逻辑的句子：1. 困难重重。 2. 我们必须完成任务。
“尽管如此”用于连接前述情况（困难重重）和在这种情况下仍然成立的后述情况（必须完成任务），符合其作为转折连接语的用法。
Score: /3
Summary
Despite the preceding circumstances, the subsequent event occurs or the state remains unchanged.
- Despite previous situation, something else happens.
- Connects contrasting ideas or outcomes.
- Emphasizes persistence or unexpected results.
Strengthen your contrastive statements
Use '尽管如此' to highlight unexpected outcomes or persistence against odds. It adds emphasis to your point.
Avoid overuse in casual chat
While versatile, '尽管如此' can sound a bit formal or literary in very casual spoken Chinese. Consider '但是' or '不过' for simpler contrasts.
Cultural emphasis on resilience
The frequent use of phrases like '尽管如此' reflects a cultural appreciation for resilience and overcoming difficulties, common in Chinese narratives and values.
Examples
4 of 4他学习非常努力，尽管如此，考试成绩仍然不理想。
He studied very hard; nevertheless, his exam results were still not satisfactory.
公司面临巨大的市场压力，尽管如此，我们依然决定按原计划推出新产品。
The company is facing immense market pressure; despite this, we have still decided to launch the new product as originally planned.
外面下着倾盆大雨，尽管如此，孩子们还是吵着要去公园玩。
It was pouring rain outside; nevertheless, the children were still clamoring to go to the park.
尽管如此，该模型在预测准确性方面仍存在显著局限性。
Despite this, the model still has significant limitations in terms of prediction accuracy.
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