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B2 noun 9 min de leitura

دعاوی

Pratique Exemplos Notas e dicas دعاوی em 30 segundos

Explicação دعاوی in your Level:

At the A1 level, the word 'دعاوی' (Da'āvi) is quite advanced, as it is a formal legal term. However, you can think of it as a very serious version of the word 'problem' or 'fight' that happens in a court. Imagine two people who cannot agree on something, like who owns a house, and they go to a big building called a court to talk to a judge. The things they are fighting about in that court are called 'دعاوی'. At this level, you don't need to use this word in your own speaking. Just remember that if you see it in a book or on the news, it means 'serious legal problems' or 'court cases'. It is plural, meaning it refers to more than one case. In English, we might say 'lawsuits'. Even though it looks different from the singular word 'دعوا' (fight), they come from the same family. Just like in English where 'child' becomes 'children', in Persian some words change their middle letters to become plural. 'Da'vā' becomes 'Da'āvi'. If you see a lawyer's office in Iran, you might see this word on their sign. It tells people that the lawyer can help with many different types of court cases. For an A1 student, just knowing that this word is related to law and courts is a great start. You might see it in a simple sentence like 'The lawyer has many cases,' which in formal Persian uses this word. It's a 'big' word for 'big' problems.

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At the A2 level, you are starting to learn more about formal situations and professional life. The word 'دعاوی' (Da'āvi) is a key term for understanding how the legal system is described in Persian. While you might use the word 'دعوا' (Da'vā) to talk about a small argument with a friend, 'دعاوی' is the word you use when that argument becomes a formal legal matter. It is a plural noun. You can use it when talking about news or business. For example, if you read about a company having 'دعاوی' with another company, it means they are in a legal battle. You should notice that this word is often used with 'حقوقی' (civil/legal) or 'کیفری' (criminal). So, 'دعاوی حقوقی' means 'civil lawsuits'. At this stage, you should try to recognize the word when you hear it on the news or see it in a newspaper headline. It helps you understand that the topic is about the judiciary or the law. You might also see it in phrases like 'حل دعاوی' which means 'solving lawsuits' or 'resolving claims'. It is a 'broken plural,' which is a special way some Persian words (especially those from Arabic) become plural. Instead of adding a suffix at the end, the internal structure of the word changes. This makes it sound very formal and educated. If you use this word correctly in a basic sentence about a lawyer or a court, you will sound much more advanced than your level.

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At the B1 level, you are expected to handle more complex topics, including basic legal and administrative discussions. 'دعاوی' (Da'āvi) is an essential part of your vocabulary for discussing social issues, business, and justice. You should understand that this word specifically refers to 'legal claims' or 'litigation'. It is the plural of 'دعوی'. In a B1 context, you might use this word to describe the challenges a business faces or to discuss news reports about international disputes. For instance, you could say 'The number of lawsuits has increased' using 'تعداد دعاوی افزایش یافته است'. You should also be aware of common verbs that go with this word, such as 'رسیدگی کردن' (to process/investigate) and 'مطرح کردن' (to bring up/file). Remember that 'رسیدگی کردن' always takes the preposition 'به'. So, you would say 'به دعاوی رسیدگی می‌شود' (The claims are being processed). At this level, you should also be able to distinguish between 'دعاوی' (legal claims) and 'شکایات' (complaints). A 'شکایت' is the act of complaining, while 'دعاوی' refers to the legal case itself. You will often see 'دعاوی' in the context of 'دعاوی خانوادگی' (family law cases) or 'دعاوی ملکی' (real estate disputes), which are common topics in Iranian society. Using this word shows that you can differentiate between casual speech and the formal register required for professional or serious discussions. It's a bridge to the more academic and specialized Persian used in higher levels.

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At the B2 level, 'دعاوی' (Da'āvi) should be a word you can use with confidence in both writing and formal speaking. You should understand its nuances as a legal term of art. It doesn't just mean 'lawsuits'; it encompasses the entire concept of 'litigation' and 'legal proceedings'. At this level, you should be familiar with its use in various sectors: 'دعاوی تجاری' (commercial litigation), 'دعاوی بین‌المللی' (international claims), and 'دعاوی کارگری' (labor disputes). You should also be comfortable with more complex grammatical structures involving this word. For example, using it in the phrase 'اقامه دعاوی' (to institute legal proceedings) is a mark of a high-B2 speaker. You should also understand the cultural and institutional context—that 'دعاوی' are handled in 'دادگاه' (court) by a 'قاضی' (judge) and often involve 'وکلای پایه یک' (senior lawyers). You should be able to read a news article about a court ruling and identify the 'دعاوی' being discussed. Furthermore, you should know that this is a broken plural of 'دعوی' and avoid the common mistake of adding Persian plural suffixes to it. In discussions about the Iranian economy or social structure, you might use 'دعاوی' to talk about the 'اطاله دادرسی' (prolongation of trials) and how the high volume of 'دعاوی' affects the judicial system. This word is a key indicator of your ability to navigate the formal, 'Ketābi' (book-ish) style of Persian that is essential for university study or professional work in Iran or with Persian-speaking entities.

At the C1 level, your mastery of 'دعاوی' (Da'āvi) involves understanding its deep legal implications and its place in jurisprudential discourse. You should be able to use it in highly formal writing, such as legal briefs, academic essays, or professional reports. You should understand how 'دعاوی' relates to concepts like 'صلاحیت قضایی' (judicial jurisdiction) and 'ادله اثبات دعوی' (evidence for proving a claim). At this level, you should be aware of the more archaic or specialized synonyms like 'ترافع' and how they differ in register and historical usage. You should be able to discuss the 'ادغام دعاوی' (consolidation of claims) or 'استرداد دعاوی' (withdrawal of claims) using the correct legal terminology. Your understanding should extend to international law, where 'دعاوی' refers to the complex arbitration cases between states or between investors and states. You should be able to analyze the rhetoric used in 'دعاوی واهی' (frivolous lawsuits) and how legal systems attempt to discourage them. In your own production, you should use 'دعاوی' as a collective noun to describe the body of litigation in a specific field. For instance, you might write an analysis of 'دعاوی ناشی از قراردادهای نفتی' (claims arising from oil contracts). You should also be sensitive to the rhythmic and stylistic qualities of the word in formal Persian prose, where its Arabic origin lends it a specific 'vazn' (meter) and authority. Your usage should be flawless, including the correct 'ezafe' and prepositional pairings, reflecting a near-native command of formal Persian legal vocabulary.

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At the C2 level, 'دعاوی' (Da'āvi) is a term you manipulate with the precision of a legal scholar or a high-level diplomat. You understand not just its modern legal definition, but its etymological journey from the Arabic root and its historical usage in classical Persian literature and early Islamic jurisprudence (Fiqh). You can discuss the distinction between 'دعاوی' in the context of 'Common Law' versus the 'Civil Law' system used in Iran, and how the term translates across these legal traditions. You are capable of drafting formal legal documents or high-level policy papers where 'دعاوی' is used to define the scope of legal risks or the framework of dispute resolution. You understand the subtle differences between 'دعاوی' and 'دادخواهی‌ها' in terms of their emotional and political connotations—where 'دادخواهی' might imply a quest for justice against oppression, while 'دعاوی' remains the neutral, procedural term. You can engage in complex debates about the 'تورم دعاوی' (litigation inflation) and its impact on the 'حاکمیت قانون' (rule of law). Your command of the word allows you to use it in sophisticated metaphors or in the analysis of classical texts where 'دعوی' (the singular form) might mean a 'pretension' or a 'spiritual claim' made by a mystic. At this level, you are not just using a word; you are operating within the entire history and structure of the Persian legal and intellectual tradition, where 'دعاوی' serves as a fundamental concept for the resolution of human and institutional conflict.

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Pratique Exemplos Notas e dicas

دعاوی em 30 segundos

A formal plural noun meaning 'lawsuits' or 'legal claims' in Persian.
Commonly used in legal, news, and business contexts to describe court cases.
The broken plural of 'Da'vā', shifting the register from casual to professional.
Pairs often with adjectives like 'civil' (حقوقی) or 'criminal' (کیفری).

The Persian word دعاوی (pronounced Da'āvi) is a sophisticated plural noun that translates most accurately to 'legal proceedings,' 'lawsuits,' or 'claims' in English. It is the broken plural of the Arabic-rooted word دعوی (Da'vā). In the Persian linguistic landscape, especially within the legal and administrative sectors, this word carries a weight of formality and institutional authority. While a layman might use the word دعوا (Da'vā) to describe a simple street fight or a verbal argument between neighbors, the term دعاوی elevates the conversation to the courtroom. It implies that a formal complaint has been filed, legal counsel is likely involved, and the machinery of the judiciary has been set in motion. You will encounter this word in the names of law firms, in the headlines of newspapers reporting on international disputes, and in the dense text of contracts. It is a word that distinguishes the casual speaker from someone who is well-versed in the formal, high-register Persian used in professional life. The transition from the singular to this specific plural form often signals a shift from a singular grievance to a broader category of legal actions. For instance, a lawyer might specialize in دعاوی ملکی (property claims), which refers to the entire field of litigation related to real estate.

Legal Context: In Iranian jurisprudence, the term is used to categorize different branches of law, such as civil, criminal, and commercial litigation.

وکیل پایه یک دادگستری در تمامی دعاوی حقوقی و کیفری تخصص دارد.

Furthermore, the word appears frequently in international relations. When two nations have a disagreement over borders or treaties, the resulting legal battles at the International Court of Justice are referred to as دعاوی بین‌المللی. This word is not just about the act of suing; it is about the existence of a formal claim or a set of claims that must be resolved through an adjudicative process. In the modern era, with the rise of corporate law in Iran, دعاوی has become an essential term for anyone working in business. Whether it is a dispute over intellectual property or a breach of contract, the resulting legal actions are grouped under this umbrella term. It is a word that commands respect and indicates a serious, structured conflict.

رسیدگی به دعاوی تجاری در دادگاه‌های تخصصی انجام می‌شود.

Administrative Usage: Government agencies often have a department specifically dedicated to managing the 'Da'āvi' filed against the state.

این شرکت سابقه طولانی در حل و فصل دعاوی پیچیده دارد.

Register Variation: While 'Da'vā' is B1 level and common in speech, 'Da'āvi' is B2/C1 and marks you as an educated speaker.

تعداد دعاوی خانوادگی در سال گذشته افزایش یافته است.

قاضی پرونده دستور داد تا تمامی دعاوی مرتبط با هم ادغام شوند.

Using دعاوی correctly requires understanding its role as a formal plural noun. It usually functions as the object of a sentence or as part of an 'ezafe' construction (the Persian possessive/linking particle). Because it is a plural word, it is often paired with verbs like رسیدگی کردن (to investigate/process), مطرح کردن (to bring up/file), or حل و فصل کردن (to resolve). For example, if you want to say 'The court is processing the claims,' you would say دادگاه به دعاوی رسیدگی می‌کند. Note that رسیدگی کردن takes the preposition به. In formal writing, you will often see it paired with adjectives that specify the type of legal action. Common pairings include دعاوی کیفری (criminal proceedings), دعاوی حقوقی (civil claims), and دعاوی مالی (financial claims).

Grammar Note: As a broken plural, 'Da'āvi' does not take the standard '-hā' or '-ān' endings, though in very rare informal contexts, some might mistakenly say 'da'vā-hā'. Stick to 'Da'āvi' for formal accuracy.

او تخصص ویژه‌ای در دعاوی مربوط به حق تکثیر دارد.

Another common usage is in the phrase اقامه دعاوی, which means 'to institute legal proceedings' or 'to file lawsuits'. This is a highly technical phrase used by lawyers and in formal legal documents. If a company decides to sue a partner, the news might report that شرکت علیه شریک خود اقامه دعاوی کرد. The word can also be used in the context of international arbitration. In such cases, دعاوی refers to the complex set of arguments and counter-arguments presented before a tribunal. The breadth of the word allows it to cover everything from the initial filing to the final judgment.

بسیاری از دعاوی از طریق داوری خارج از دادگاه حل می‌شوند.

Sentence Structure: Subject + (Preposition) + دعاوی + Verb. Example: مجلس قوانین جدیدی برای دعاوی تصویب کرد.

هزینه‌های مربوط به دعاوی حقوقی بسیار بالا است.

طرفین توافق کردند که تمامی دعاوی خود را پس بگیرند.

Advanced Tip: In C1/C2 Persian, you might see 'دعاوی مطروحه', which means 'the claims brought forward' or 'the pending lawsuits'.

To hear the word دعاوی, one must look toward formal institutions and professional media. It is not a word you would typically hear in a casual conversation at a fruit stand or a café unless the speakers are discussing a serious legal predicament. However, it is omnipresent in Iranian news broadcasts, especially during the 2:00 PM or 9:00 PM news on IRIB (Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting). When the news anchor discusses a new bill in parliament aimed at reducing the backlog of court cases, they will almost certainly use the term کاهش حجم دعاوی (reduction in the volume of lawsuits). You will also hear it in legal dramas or movies that involve courtroom scenes. In these contexts, characters playing lawyers or judges will use the term to maintain the realism of the legal setting. For instance, a judge might say, این دادگاه صلاحیت رسیدگی به این دعاوی را ندارد (This court does not have the jurisdiction to hear these claims).

Media Source: Legal journals like 'Majaleh-ye Hoquqi' or news websites like 'ISNA' and 'IRNA' are excellent places to see this word in action.

گزارش‌ها حاکی از افزایش دعاوی کارگری در ماه‌های اخیر است.

Beyond the news, the word is a staple of corporate life. During board meetings or when discussing risk management, executives will talk about potential دعاوی علیه شرکت (lawsuits against the company). It is also found in the 'Terms and Conditions' or 'Legal' sections of Iranian websites and apps. If you are reading the user agreement for a service like Snapp (the Iranian version of Uber) or Digikala (the Iranian Amazon), you will find sections detailing how دعاوی احتمالی (potential claims) will be handled. In academic settings, specifically in law faculties at universities like the University of Tehran or Shahid Beheshti University, professors and students use this word constantly. It is the fundamental unit of analysis in courses on procedural law.

استاد حقوق در مورد تاریخچه دعاوی در حقوق ایران سخنرانی کرد.

Professional Environment: In the 'Daftar-e Asnād-e Rasmi' (Notary Public offices), you might hear clerks discussing the 'Da'āvi' that arise from improperly drafted deeds.

اخبار ساعت ۲۱ به بررسی دعاوی ایران در دادگاه لاهه پرداخت.

ما باید برای مقابله با این دعاوی واهی آماده باشیم.

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make with دعاوی is confusing it with its singular form دعوی (Da'vā) or the more common word for a fight, دعوا (Da'vā). While phonetically similar in some dialects, their usage is strictly separated by register. Using دعاوی in a casual setting like 'I had a fight with my brother' (با برادرم دعاوی داشتم) sounds incredibly strange and overly formal, almost as if you are saying 'I have initiated a series of legal proceedings against my brother' when you just mean you had an argument. Another common error is failing to recognize it as a plural. Because it doesn't end in typical plural markers, beginners often try to pluralize it further into دعاوی‌ها. This is redundant and incorrect in formal Persian.

Mistake 1: Redundant Pluralization: Incorrect: 'دعاوی‌ها'. Correct: 'دعاوی'. The word is already plural.

اشتباه: وکیل در حال بررسی دعاوی‌ها است. (Incorrect redundant plural)

Another mistake involves the 'ezafe' connection. When دعاوی is followed by an adjective or a noun, it must take the 'ezafe' (the '-e' sound). For example, دعاویِ حقوقی. Forgetting this sound makes the phrase grammatically incomplete. Furthermore, learners often struggle with the prepositional requirements of the verbs used with this word. As mentioned before, رسیدگی requires به. Saying دادگاه دعاوی را رسیدگی کرد is a common error; it should be دادگاه به دعاوی رسیدگی کرد. Finally, there is the issue of spelling. The final 'ye' in دعاوی is a consonant/vowel sound, but in its singular form دعوی, it acts as an 'alef-e maqsura' (pronounced 'ā'). Confusing the spelling of the singular and plural can lead to significant misunderstandings in written legal Persian.

Mistake 2: Preposition Error: Incorrect: 'دعاوی را رسیدگی کردن'. Correct: 'به دعاوی رسیدگی کردن'.

درست: قاضی به تمامی دعاوی با دقت رسیدگی کرد.

اشتباه: ما دعاوی زیادی در خیابان دیدیم. (Incorrect register: should use 'دعوا')

Spelling Note: Singular: دعویٰ (pronounced Da'vā). Plural: دعاوی (pronounced Da'āvi).

To truly master دعاوی, you must be able to distinguish it from its synonyms and related terms. The most common related word is پرونده (Parvandeh), which means 'file' or 'case'. While a دعاوی is the legal claim itself, a پرونده is the physical or digital folder containing all the documents related to that claim. You might say 'I have many claims' (دعاوی زیادی دارم) but 'The lawyer is reading the case file' (وکیل پرونده را مطالعه می‌کند). Another similar word is شکایت (Shekāyat), which means 'complaint'. A شکایت is often the starting point of دعاوی. While شکایت is more common in criminal law (filing a complaint against a thief), دعاوی is a broader term that encompasses the entire ongoing legal process.

Comparison: دعاوی vs. پرونده: 'Da'āvi' refers to the legal actions/claims. 'Parvandeh' refers to the case file/folder.

او چندین دعاوی باز در دادگستری دارد.

Then there is اختلاف (Ekhtelāf), which simply means 'disagreement' or 'difference'. This is a much softer word. If two business partners disagree on a strategy, it's an اختلاف نظر. If they sue each other, it becomes دعاوی. For academic or very formal contexts, you might see ترافع (Tarāfo'), which is an older, more classical term for litigation. However, in modern Iranian law, دعاوی remains the standard. Another term is مطالبات (Motālebāt), which means 'claims' specifically in the sense of 'debts owed'. If you are suing someone specifically for money they owe you, you are pursuing مطالبات مالی, which is a specific type of دعاوی. Understanding these nuances helps in choosing the right word for the right legal gravity.

Word Comparison: 'Shekāyat' = Complaint (often criminal). 'Da'āvi' = Lawsuits/Claims (broad/civil/formal). 'Ekhtelāf' = Dispute/Disagreement (general).

حل دعاوی از طریق میانجیگری رو به گسترش است.

این وکیل در دعاوی بین‌المللی تخصص دارد.

Formal Alternative: 'Dad-khahi' (دادخواهی) is a beautiful Persian alternative meaning 'seeking justice' or 'litigation', often used in more literary or passionate legal contexts.

How Formal Is It?

Curiosidade

The words 'Dua' (prayer) and 'Davat' (invitation) share the same root as 'Da'āvi'. In a way, a lawsuit is a formal 'invitation' to a legal battle.

Guia de pronúncia

UK /dæˈʔɑːviː/

US /dæˈɑvi/

The primary stress is on the second syllable: da-Ā-vi.

Rima com

مساوی (Mosāvi - Equal) فتاوی (Fatāvi - Religious decrees) نواوی (Navāvi - Related to Nawawī) سماوی (Samāvi - Heavenly) قهاوی (Ghahāvi - Rare plural of coffee house) مأوی (Ma'vā - Refuge - partial rhyme) صحاری (Sahāri - Deserts - similar rhythm) مجاری (Majāri - Channels - similar rhythm)

Erros comuns

Pronouncing it as 'Da-vā-yi' (incorrectly applying Persian plural rules).
Confusing the 'v' sound with a 'w' sound.
Shortening the final long 'i' vowel.
Skipping the second syllable entirely and saying 'Dāvi'.
Failing to stress the second syllable.

Nível de dificuldade

Leitura 7/5

Requires knowledge of Arabic broken plurals and formal legal register.

Escrita 8/5

Correct spelling and 'ezafe' usage in formal contexts is challenging.

Expressão oral 6/5

Pronunciation is straightforward, but finding the right context is key.

Audição 7/5

Can be confused with 'da'vā' in fast speech.

O que aprender depois

Pré-requisitos

دعوا (Fight) دادگاه (Court) وکیل (Lawyer) حقوق (Law/Rights) قانون (Law)

Aprenda a seguir

دادرسی (Trial/Judicial process) صلاحیت (Jurisdiction) دادخواست (Petition/Complaint form) ابلاغیه (Notice/Summons) رأی (Verdict/Vote)

Avançado

ترافع (Litigation) اعتبار امر مختومه (Res judicata) ادله اثبات دعوی (Evidence) تهاتر (Set-off/Offsetting claims)

Gramática essencial

Arabic Broken Plurals in Persian

Word: دعوی -> Plural: دعاوی (Changing internal vowels).

Ezafe Construction with Plurals

دعاویِ (e) مالی (Financial claims).

Compound Verb Prepositions

رسیدگی 'به' دعاوی (Always use 'be' with residegi).

Adjective Agreement

دعاوی (plural) + پیچیده (singular adjective is standard in Persian).

Formal Object Marker 'Rā'

دعاوی را مطرح کرد (He brought up the claims).

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Exemplos por nível

او دعاوی زیادی در دادگاه دارد.

He has many lawsuits in court.

Simple subject + object + verb construction.

وکیل به دعاوی رسیدگی می‌کند.

The lawyer processes the claims.

Note the use of 'be' with 'residegi kardan'.

دعاوی حقوقی سخت هستند.

Legal claims are difficult.

Plural noun with a plural verb.

ما در مورد دعاوی صحبت کردیم.

We talked about the lawsuits.

Use of 'dar mored-e' (about).

نام این دعاوی چیست؟

What is the name of these claims?

Interrogative sentence.

دعاوی خانوادگی در این ساختمان است.

Family claims are in this building.

Adjective 'khānevādegi' modifying 'da'āvi'.

او برای دعاوی خود پول می‌خواهد.

He wants money for his claims.

Possessive 'khod' (his own).

این دعاوی قدیمی هستند.

These claims are old.

Demonstrative 'in' (these) with plural noun.

دولت باید به دعاوی مردم رسیدگی کند.

The government must attend to the people's claims.

Modal verb 'bāyad' (must).

تعداد دعاوی در سال گذشته زیاد شد.

The number of lawsuits increased last year.

Subject is 'te'dād' (number).

او در دعاوی ملکی تخصص دارد.

He specializes in real estate claims.

Preposition 'dar' (in).

دعاوی کیفری بسیار جدی هستند.

Criminal proceedings are very serious.

Adjective 'keyfari' (criminal).

آن‌ها دعاوی خود را در روزنامه خواندند.

They read about their lawsuits in the newspaper.

Past tense verb.

آیا شما در مورد این دعاوی چیزی می‌دانید؟

Do you know anything about these claims?

Question form with 'āyā'.

این شرکت با دعاوی زیادی روبرو است.

This company is facing many lawsuits.

Compound verb 'ru-be-ru budan' (to face).

حل دعاوی زمان زیادی می‌برد.

Resolving claims takes a lot of time.

Gerund-like use of 'hal' (solving).

قاضی پرونده دستور ادغام دعاوی را صادر کرد.

The judge of the case issued an order to consolidate the claims.

Formal compound verb 'dastur sāder kardan'.

دعاوی مطروحه در این دادگاه بسیار پیچیده هستند.

The claims brought forward in this court are very complex.

Use of 'matruheh' (brought forward/pending).

طرفین توافق کردند که دعاوی خود را پس بگیرند.

The parties agreed to withdraw their claims.

Infinitive 'pas gereftan' (to withdraw).

هزینه‌های دادرسی برای دعاوی مالی افزایش یافته است.

Trial costs for financial claims have increased.

Plural noun 'hazine-hā' (costs).

بسیاری از دعاوی از طریق داوری حل و فصل می‌شوند.

Many lawsuits are settled through arbitration.

Passive voice 'hal o fasl mishavand'.

او مقاله ای در مورد دعاوی بین‌المللی نوشت.

He wrote an article about international claims.

Indefinite 'i' on 'maghāleh'.

دعاوی واهی باعث اتلاف وقت دادگاه می‌شود.

Frivolous claims cause a waste of the court's time.

Abstract noun 'etlāf' (waste).

ما باید تمامی مدارک مربوط به دعاوی را جمع‌آوری کنیم.

We must collect all documents related to the claims.

Subjunctive 'jam'-āvari konim'.

اقامه دعاوی علیه شرکت‌های بزرگ نیازمند تخصص بالایی است.

Filing lawsuits against large companies requires high expertise.

Formal phrase 'eghāme-ye da'āvi'.

شورای حل اختلاف نقشی کلیدی در کاهش حجم دعاوی دارد.

The Dispute Resolution Council has a key role in reducing the volume of lawsuits.

Compound subject 'shourā-ye hal-e ekhtelāf'.

دعاوی ناشی از نقض قرارداد در حال بررسی است.

Claims arising from breach of contract are under investigation.

Phrase 'nāshi az' (arising from).

قانون جدید نحوه رسیدگی به دعاوی تجاری را تغییر داده است.

The new law has changed the way commercial claims are processed.

Present perfect 'taghyir dādeh ast'.

باید بین دعاوی حقوقی و کیفری تمایز قائل شد.

One must distinguish between civil and criminal claims.

Impersonal construction 'bāyad... ghā'el shod'.

این وکیل در حل دعاوی خانوادگی شهرت فراوانی دارد.

This lawyer has a great reputation for resolving family claims.

Noun 'shohrat' (reputation).

دعاوی مربوط به حق مالکیت فکری رو به افزایش است.

Claims related to intellectual property rights are on the rise.

Progressive construction 'ru be afzāyesh'.

دادگاه صلاحیت رسیدگی به این دعاوی را تایید کرد.

The court confirmed its jurisdiction to hear these claims.

Technical term 'selāhiyat' (jurisdiction).

اطاله دادرسی در دعاوی پیچیده باعث نارضایتی عمومی شده است.

The prolongation of trials in complex lawsuits has caused public dissatisfaction.

Advanced term 'etāle-ye dād-rasi'.

دعاوی مطروحه در دیوان عالی کشور مورد بازبینی قرار گرفت.

The claims brought before the Supreme Court were reviewed.

Passive construction 'mored-e bāzbini gharār gereft'.

تحلیل فقهی دعاوی مالی از اهمیت ویژه‌ای برخوردار است.

The jurisprudential analysis of financial claims is of particular importance.

Formal verb 'barkhordār ast'.

دعاوی متقابل می‌تواند روند رسیدگی به پرونده را طولانی‌تر کند.

Counter-claims can make the case processing procedure longer.

Term 'da'āvi-ye motaghābel' (counter-claims).

اصلاح قوانین مربوط به دعاوی کارگری در دستور کار مجلس است.

The reform of laws related to labor disputes is on the parliament's agenda.

Phrase 'dar dastur-e kār' (on the agenda).

دعاوی ناشی از مسئولیت مدنی ابعاد مختلفی دارد.

Claims arising from civil liability have various dimensions.

Term 'mas'uliyat-e madani' (civil liability).

ترافع و دعاوی در حقوق اسلامی پیشینه طولانی دارد.

Litigation and legal claims have a long history in Islamic law.

Use of 'tarāfo'' as a formal synonym.

دعاوی بین‌المللی نفت و گاز نیازمند داوری‌های تخصصی است.

International oil and gas claims require specialized arbitration.

Plural adjective 'takhassosi' (specialized).

تبیین ماهیت حقوقی دعاوی مطروحه مستلزم مداقه در متون قانونی است.

Explaining the legal nature of the pending claims requires careful scrutiny of legal texts.

Highly formal vocabulary 'tabyin', 'māhiyat', 'mostalzem', 'modagheh'.

تورم دعاوی در دستگاه قضایی منجر به تضییع حقوق برخی از شهروندان می‌شود.

The inflation of lawsuits in the judicial system leads to the violation of the rights of some citizens.

Technical term 'tazyi'-e hoghugh' (violation of rights).

دعاوی مرتبط با غصب اموال در زمره پیچیده‌ترین پرونده‌های حقوقی است.

Claims related to the usurpation of property are among the most complex legal cases.

Phrase 'dar zomre-ye' (among).

اعتبار امر مختومه مانع از طرح مجدد دعاوی مشابه می‌شود.

Res judicata (the authority of a final judgment) prevents the re-filing of similar claims.

Legal maxim 'e'tebār-e amr-e makhtumeh'.

بررسی تطبیقی دعاوی در نظام‌های حقوقی مختلف راهگشای اصلاحات است.

A comparative study of claims in different legal systems paves the way for reforms.

Term 'barresi-ye tatbighi' (comparative study).

دعاوی ناشی از بیع بین‌المللی کالا تابع کنوانسیون وین است.

Claims arising from the international sale of goods are subject to the Vienna Convention.

Legal term 'bey'' (sale).

وحدت رویه قضایی در رسیدگی به دعاوی مشابه الزامی است.

Judicial precedent (unity of judicial procedure) is mandatory in handling similar claims.

Technical term 'vahdat-e ruyeh'.

دعاوی مطروحه علیه حاکمیت نیازمند رعایت تشریفات خاص قانونی است.

Claims brought against the sovereignty require compliance with specific legal formalities.

Formal term 'tashrifāt' (formalities).

Sinônimos

پرونده‌ها شکایات منازعات مطالبات دادخواهی‌ها قضایا اختلافات ترافع

Antônimos

صلح سازش توافق گذشت

Colocações comuns

دعاوی حقوقی

دعاوی کیفری

اقامه دعاوی

رسیدگی به دعاوی

حل و فصل دعاوی

دعاوی خانوادگی

دعاوی تجاری

دعاوی بین‌المللی

طرح دعاوی

دعاوی واهی

Frases Comuns

دعاوی مطروحه

— The claims that have been brought forward or are pending.

دعاوی مطروحه در حال بررسی کارشناسی هستند.

دعاوی ناشی از...

— Lawsuits resulting from or arising from a specific cause.

دعاوی ناشی از تصادفات رانندگی زیاد است.

استرداد دعاوی

— Withdrawing or taking back legal claims.

خواهان درخواست استرداد دعاوی خود را داد.

ادغام دعاوی

— Combining multiple related lawsuits into one.

قاضی دستور به ادغام دعاوی مرتبط داد.

دعاوی متقابل

— Counter-claims filed by the defendant against the plaintiff.

خوانده اقدام به طرح دعاوی متقابل کرد.

صلاحیت رسیدگی به دعاوی

— The jurisdiction or authority to hear legal claims.

این دادگاه صلاحیت رسیدگی به دعاوی ملکی را ندارد.

تعدد دعاوی

— A multiplicity or high number of lawsuits.

تعدد دعاوی باعث کندی روند دادرسی شده است.

هزینه دادرسی دعاوی

— The legal fees associated with filing or processing claims.

هزینه دادرسی دعاوی مالی بر اساس مبلغ مطالبه است.

دعاوی غیرمالی

— Non-financial claims (e.g., custody, reputation).

دعاوی غیرمالی نیز در این دادگاه بررسی می‌شوند.

دعاوی ثلاث

— A specific legal term for three types of possessory actions in property law.

در حقوق ایران، دعاوی ثلاث اهمیت زیادی دارند.

Frequentemente confundido com

دعاوی vs دعوا (Da'vā)

Commonly means a physical or verbal fight. 'Da'āvi' is the formal legal plural.

دعاوی vs دعویٰ (Da'vā)

The singular form. In writing, 'دعوی' (singular) and 'دعاوی' (plural) look similar but function differently.

دعاوی vs دعا (Du'ā)

Means 'prayer'. Shared root but completely different meaning.

Expressões idiomáticas

"دعاوی واهی"

— Baseless or frivolous claims meant to harass or delay.

او فقط برای اذیت کردن ما دعاوی واهی مطرح می‌کند.

Formal/Legal

"ختم دعاوی"

— Ending the lawsuits (often through settlement).

با این توافق، ختم دعاوی اعلام شد.

Formal

"دعاوی پوچ"

— Empty or meaningless claims (similar to 'vāhi').

دادگاه دعاوی پوچ او را رد کرد.

Formal/Informal mix

"دعاوی بی‌پایه"

— Groundless claims.

این‌ها دعاوی بی‌پایه‌ای هستند که هیچ سندی ندارند.

Neutral

"درگیر دعاوی شدن"

— To get entangled in legal battles.

شرکت ما سال‌هاست درگیر دعاوی مالیاتی است.

Neutral

"دعاوی زرگری"

— A fake fight or claim meant to deceive others (derived from 'jang-e zargari').

این دعاوی زرگری است تا قیمت را بالا ببرند.

Informal/Idiomatic

"دعاوی بی‌پایان"

— Endless lawsuits.

وراث گرفتار دعاوی بی‌پایان شدند.

Neutral

"دعاوی ساختگی"

— Fabricated or staged lawsuits.

او با دعاوی ساختگی قصد کلاهبرداری داشت.

Neutral

"دعاوی جنجالی"

— Controversial or sensational lawsuits.

دعاوی جنجالی این بازیگر در صدر اخبار است.

Journalistic

"دعاوی سنگین"

— Heavy or high-stakes lawsuits.

بانک با دعاوی سنگین مالی مواجه است.

Neutral

Fácil de confundir

دعاوی vs دعوا

Phonetically identical in some contexts.

Da'vā is singular/informal; Da'āvi is plural/formal legal.

آن‌ها در خیابان دعوا کردند (fight). وکیل به دعاوی رسیدگی کرد (legal claims).

دعاوی vs شکایت

Both involve legal actions.

Shekāyat is a complaint (often criminal); Da'āvi is the broader term for litigation/claims.

من از دزد شکایت کردم. دعاوی حقوقی شرکت تمام شد.

دعاوی vs پرونده

Both refer to court cases.

Parvandeh is the case file; Da'āvi is the legal claim/action.

پرونده روی میز است. دعاوی در جریان است.

دعاوی vs اختلاف

Both mean a dispute.

Ekhtelāf is a general disagreement; Da'āvi is a formalized legal claim in court.

ما اختلاف نظر داریم. ما دعاوی ملکی داریم.

دعاوی vs مطالبه

Both mean a claim.

Motālebeh is the act of demanding (usually money); Da'āvi is the lawsuit itself.

مطالبه وجه چک. رسیدگی به دعاوی چک.

Padrões de frases

[Subject] [دعاوی] دارد.

او دعاوی زیادی دارد.

[Subject] به [دعاوی] رسیدگی می‌کند.

دادگاه به دعاوی رسیدگی می‌کند.

[Subject] علیه [Object] اقامه دعاوی کرد.

مدیر علیه کارمند اقامه دعاوی کرد.

دعاوی ناشی از [Cause] در حال افزایش است.

دعاوی ناشی از کلاهبرداری در حال افزایش است.

تبیین ماهیت [دعاوی] مستلزم [Action] است.

تبیین ماهیت دعاوی مستلزم دقت است.

حل و فصل [دعاوی] از طریق [Method].

حل و فصل دعاوی از طریق داوری.

دعاوی مربوط به [Topic] پیچیده هستند.

دعاوی مربوط به ارث پیچیده هستند.

اطاله دادرسی در [دعاوی] مشهود است.

اطاله دادرسی در دعاوی بانکی مشهود است.

Família de palavras

Substantivos

دعوی (Da'vā - Claim/Lawsuit)

ادعا (Edde'ā - Assertion/Pretension)

مدعی (Modda'i - Claimant/Plaintiff)

مدعی‌علیه (Modda'ā-alayh - Defendant)

دعوا (Da'vā - Fight/Argument)

Verbos

ادعا کردن (Edde'ā kardan - To claim/assert)

دعوا کردن (Da'vā kardan - To fight/argue)

Adjetivos

ادعایی (Edde'āyi - Alleged/Claimed)

مدعیانه (Modda'iyāneh - Pretentiously)

Relacionado

دادگاه (Court)

قضاوت (Judgment)

قانون (Law)

وکیل (Lawyer)

حقوق (Rights/Law)

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Como usar

frequency

High in legal and news domains; low in daily casual speech.

Erros comuns

Using 'دعاوی' for a street fight. → Using 'دعوا' for a street fight.
'دعاوی' is strictly for formal legal contexts. Using it for a physical fight sounds absurdly formal.
Saying 'دعاوی‌ها'. → Saying 'دعاوی'.
It's an Arabic broken plural, so it's already plural. Adding Persian plural suffixes is incorrect.
Forgetting the preposition 'به' with 'رسیدگی'. → دادگاه 'به' دعاوی رسیدگی کرد.
The verb 'residegi kardan' (to process/investigate) always requires the preposition 'be'.
Confusing 'دعاوی' (claims) with 'دعا' (prayer). → Using the correct word for the context.
While they share a root, their meanings in Persian are completely separate.
Misspelling with 'alef' instead of 'ain'. → Writing 'دعاوی' with 'ع'.
The 'ain' is a crucial part of the root and must be written correctly in formal Persian.

Dicas

Broken Plural Logic

Think of 'Da'āvi' like the English word 'criteria' (plural of criterion). It doesn't look like a standard plural, but it functions as one.

Legal Adjectives

Always learn 'دعاوی' with its common partners: 'حقوقی' (civil), 'کیفری' (criminal), 'ملکی' (property), and 'تجاری' (commercial).

The 'Ezafe' Sound

Don't forget the '-e' sound after 'دعاوی' when followed by another word, e.g., 'Da'āvi-ye māli'.

Lawyer Talk

If you want to sound like a professional, use 'اقامه دعاوی' instead of just saying 'شکایت کردن' (to complain).

The Root Meaning

Remember the root D-'-W (to call/claim). This connects it to 'Edde'ā' (assertion) and 'Modda'i' (plaintiff).

News Clues

When you hear 'Dādgostari' (Judiciary) on the news, listen for 'Da'āvi' immediately following it.

Spelling Precision

Make sure you write the 'ain' (ع) correctly in the middle. Skipping it changes the word entirely.

International Context

In news about the UN or The Hague, 'دعاوی بین‌المللی' is the standard term for international legal battles.

Check the Register

If you're talking to a child, use 'دعوا'. If you're talking to a judge, use 'دعاوی'.

The Lawyer's 'V'

The 'V' in 'Da'āvi' stands for 'Verdict'. It's about getting a legal verdict for multiple claims.

Memorize

Mnemônico

Think of 'Da'āvi' as 'The Aviary of Claims'. Just as an aviary is full of different birds, 'Da'āvi' is a collection of different legal cases flying around a courtroom.

Associação visual

Imagine a judge sitting behind a high desk, and in front of him are several large, colorful folders labeled 'Da'āvi'. Each folder represents a different person's claim for justice.

Word Web

Lawsuit Court Judge Lawyer Claim Litigation Dispute Justice

Desafio

Try to write three sentences using 'Da'āvi' with different adjectives: 'financial', 'family', and 'international'. Check your 'ezafe' usage!

Origem da palavra

The word is derived from the Arabic triliteral root D-'-W (د-ع-و), which fundamentally means 'to call,' 'to invite,' or 'to claim.' In the context of law, this 'calling' became the act of calling someone to court or claiming a right. Persian adopted this Arabic root and used its broken plural form (Da'āvi) for formal legal terminology.

Significado original: The original meaning in Arabic relates to an invitation or a call to prayer (Dua), which evolved in a legal sense to mean a formal demand or claim made by one party against another.

Semitic root (Arabic) integrated into Indo-European (Persian) legal vocabulary.

Contexto cultural

Be careful when using this word in personal contexts; it can imply a very serious and potentially hostile legal situation.

In English, we often use 'litigation' or 'proceedings' for the collective noun, whereas 'lawsuits' is the more common plural. 'Da'āvi' covers both.

The Iranian Civil Code (Ghānun-e Madani) mentions 'Da'āvi' in various articles regarding property and contracts. Legal news on sites like 'Tabnak' or 'Khabar Online' frequently use this word in headlines. The phrase 'اطاله دادرسی در دعاوی' is a common topic of debate among Iranian policy makers.

Pratique na vida real

Contextos reais

In a Law Office

ما روی دعاوی شما کار می‌کنیم.
لیست دعاوی را آماده کنید.
این دعاوی شانس پیروزی دارند.
مشاوره در مورد دعاوی ملکی.

News Headlines

افزایش دعاوی خانوادگی.
دعاوی ایران علیه آمریکا.
بررسی دعاوی کارگران.
صدور حکم در دعاوی تجاری.

Business Meetings

باید از دعاوی احتمالی جلوگیری کنیم.
هزینه دعاوی در بودجه دیده شده؟
حل دعاوی از طریق سازش.
مدیریت دعاوی حقوقی شرکت.

Academic Law Class

انواع دعاوی در حقوق مدنی.
شرایط اقامه دعاوی.
تفاوت دعاوی اصلی و تبعی.
مرجع صالح برای رسیدگی به دعاوی.

Real Estate Disputes

دعاوی مربوط به سند مالکیت.
دعاوی خلع ید.
تعداد دعاوی ملکی در این منطقه.
وکیل متخصص دعاوی شهرداری.

Iniciadores de conversa

"آیا تا به حال درگیر دعاوی حقوقی شده‌اید؟ (Have you ever been involved in legal claims?)"

"به نظر شما چرا دعاوی خانوادگی در حال افزایش است؟ (Why do you think family lawsuits are increasing?)"

"چگونه می‌توان دعاوی تجاری را سریع‌تر حل کرد؟ (How can commercial claims be resolved faster?)"

"آیا می‌دانید تفاوت دعاوی کیفری و حقوقی چیست؟ (Do you know the difference between criminal and civil claims?)"

"نقش وکیل در پیروزی در دعاوی چقدر است؟ (How important is a lawyer's role in winning lawsuits?)"

Temas para diário

در مورد یک مورد فرضی از دعاوی حقوقی که ممکن است برای یک شرکت پیش بیاید بنویسید. (Write about a hypothetical case of legal claims that might arise for a company.)

تجربه خود یا اطرافیانتان را در مورد رسیدگی به دعاوی در دادگاه توصیف کنید. (Describe your or your acquaintances' experience regarding the processing of claims in court.)

آیا سیستم قضایی برای حل دعاوی مردم کارآمد است؟ نظرات خود را بنویسید. (Is the judicial system efficient for resolving people's claims? Write your opinions.)

تأثیر دعاوی بین‌المللی بر روابط کشورها را تحلیل کنید. (Analyze the impact of international claims on relations between countries.)

چرا برخی افراد به جای صلح، به سمت دعاوی طولانی می‌روند؟ (Why do some people go towards long lawsuits instead of peace?)

Perguntas frequentes

10 perguntas

Yes, 'دعاوی' is the broken plural of 'دعوی'. Even if you are talking about a category of claims, it remains plural in form. In English, it's like 'proceedings' or 'litigation'.

No, that is a common mistake. 'دعاوی' is already plural. Adding '-hā' is redundant and incorrect in formal Persian writing.

'دعاوی حقوقی' refers to civil cases (money, property, contracts) where the goal is compensation. 'دعاوی کیفری' refers to criminal cases (theft, assault) where the goal is punishment.

The middle part has an 'ain' (ع). In formal speech, it's a slight catch in the throat (a glottal stop). In casual speech, it sounds like a long 'ā' sound: Da-ā-vi.

Use 'دعوا' for a physical fight or a single informal argument. Use 'دعاوی' when you are talking about formal lawsuits in a court of law.

Only if you are discussing something serious, like a legal problem. It’s not used for small, everyday disagreements.

Common verbs include 'رسیدگی کردن' (to process), 'مطرح کردن' (to file/bring up), 'اقامه کردن' (to institute), and 'حل کردن' (to resolve).

Yes, it is an Arabic broken plural that has been fully integrated into the Persian legal vocabulary.

It means 'frivolous lawsuits' or claims that have no legal basis and are often brought to waste time or cause trouble.

It is 'Da'āvi' (with an 'a' sound at the start). 'Du'āvi' is not a word, though 'Du'ā' means prayer.

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