When talking about the agent of an action in a passive sentence, توسط is the word you'll use. It's similar to saying 'by' in English. For example, if a book was written 'by' someone, you'd use توسط to indicate the author.
It can also mean 'through' or 'via' when describing the means or channel through which something happens. Think of it as indicating the intermediary. So if information is passed on 'through' a messenger, توسط would be appropriate.
While often used in more formal contexts, you'll encounter توسط frequently in both written and spoken Persian. Understanding its function is key to forming and comprehending passive voice constructions and specifying agency or means.
Curiosidade
This word has a very direct lineage from Middle Persian, making it an ancient and stable part of the language.
Nível de dificuldade
Short and common word.
Short and common word.
Short and common word with clear pronunciation.
Common word, easy to recognize.
O que aprender depois
Pré-requisitos
Aprenda a seguir
Avançado
Exemplos por nível
این کتاب توسط نویسنده مشهوری نوشته شده است.
This book was written by a famous author.
ما توسط اتوبوس به شهر رفتیم.
We went to the city by bus.
نامه توسط پست ارسال شد.
The letter was sent through the mail.
او توسط دوستانش کمک شد.
He was helped by his friends.
این مشکل توسط شما حل شد.
This problem was solved by you.
آنها توسط تلفن با هم صحبت کردند.
They talked to each other by phone.
ما غذا را توسط پیک دریافت کردیم.
We received the food through a courier.
این آهنگ توسط خواننده مورد علاقه من خوانده شد.
This song was sung by my favorite singer.
این پروژه توسط گروهی از مهندسان مجرب به اتمام رسید.
This project was completed by a team of experienced engineers.
Passive voice construction: 'به اتمام رسید' (was completed) + 'توسط' (by) + agent.
ایمنی شهروندان توسط نیروهای انتظامی تضمین میشود.
The safety of citizens is guaranteed by law enforcement.
Passive voice: 'تضمین میشود' (is guaranteed) + 'توسط' (by) + agent.
این تصمیم حیاتی توسط کمیتهی اجرایی اتخاذ گردید.
This crucial decision was made by the executive committee.
Passive voice: 'اتخاذ گردید' (was made) + 'توسط' (by) + agent. 'حیاتی' means crucial.
صلاحیتهای داوطلبان توسط هیئت بررسی به دقت ارزیابی خواهد شد.
The qualifications of the candidates will be carefully evaluated by the review board.
Future passive voice: 'ارزیابی خواهد شد' (will be evaluated) + 'توسط' (by) + agent. 'به دقت' means carefully.
اکثر این گزارشات توسط منابع موثق تهیه شدهاند.
Most of these reports have been prepared by reliable sources.
Present perfect passive: 'تهیه شدهاند' (have been prepared) + 'توسط' (by) + agent. 'موثق' means reliable.
میراث فرهنگی ما باید توسط نسلهای آینده حفظ شود.
Our cultural heritage must be preserved by future generations.
Obligatory passive: 'باید حفظ شود' (must be preserved) + 'توسط' (by) + agent.
پیشرفت علمی بشر تا حد زیادی توسط تبادل نظر و همکاری تسهیل شده است.
Human scientific progress has been largely facilitated by the exchange of ideas and cooperation.
Present perfect passive: 'تسهیل شده است' (has been facilitated) + 'توسط' (by) + agent. 'تبادل نظر' means exchange of ideas.
تحقیقات گستردهای توسط دانشگاههای معتبر در این زمینه انجام گرفته است.
Extensive research has been conducted by reputable universities in this field.
Present perfect passive: 'انجام گرفته است' (has been conducted) + 'توسط' (by) + agent. 'گسترده' means extensive.
Colocações comuns
Frases Comuns
این کتاب توسط او نوشته شده است.
This book was written by him/her.
پروژه توسط ما انجام شد.
The project was done by us.
خبر توسط رادیو اعلام شد.
The news was announced by radio.
او توسط دوستانش حمایت شد.
He/she was supported by his/her friends.
این مشکل توسط شما حل شد.
This problem was solved by you.
پیام توسط ایمیل ارسال شد.
The message was sent by email.
غذا توسط او آماده شد.
The food was prepared by him/her.
ماشین توسط پلیس متوقف شد.
The car was stopped by the police.
این تصمیم توسط کمیته گرفته شد.
This decision was made by the committee.
او توسط معلمش تحسین شد.
He/she was praised by his/her teacher.
Origem da palavra
Middle Persian
Significado original: By means of, through
Indo-European, IranianContexto cultural
When you hear 'توسط' (tavasot) in Persian, it often highlights who or what is performing an action, similar to the passive voice in English. It's very common in formal writing and news, but also used naturally in everyday speech when you want to specify an agent. It's a key word for understanding how actions are attributed in Persian.
Teste-se 36 perguntas
Which of these means 'by' or 'through'?
توسط (tavasot) is the Persian word for 'by' or 'through'.
The book was written ___ a famous author. (کتاب ___ نویسنده معروفی نوشته شد.)
توسط (tavasot) is used to indicate the agent doing the action, similar to 'by' in English.
You can send the message ___ email. (شما می توانید پیام را ___ ایمیل بفرستید.)
توسط (tavasot) can also mean 'through' when referring to a means or method.
توسط (tavasot) means 'for'.
توسط (tavasot) means 'by' or 'through', not 'for'. The word for 'for' is برای (baraye).
We use توسط (tavasot) to show who did an action.
Yes, توسط (tavasot) is often used to indicate the agent of an action, like 'by' in English passive voice.
The sentence 'من با ماشین رفتم.' (I went by car.) can be translated as 'من توسط ماشین رفتم.'
While 'by car' uses 'by' in English, in Persian, we typically use 'با' (ba) for 'by means of' transportation. 'توسط' (tavasot) is more for indicating the agent of an action or 'through' a medium.
این کتاب ___ نویسندهی معروفی نوشته شده است.
Here, 'توسط' (tavasot) means 'by', indicating the agent performing the action of writing.
او توانست مشکل را ___ کمک دوستانش حل کند.
'توسط' (tavasot) in this context means 'through' or 'by means of', referring to how the problem was solved.
اعلامیه ___ رئیس شرکت صادر شد.
'توسط' (tavasot) is used here to show who issued the announcement, meaning 'by'.
این قانون ___ مجلس تصویب شد.
To indicate that the parliament approved the law, 'توسط' (tavasot) is the correct word, meaning 'by'.
سفارش شما ___ پست ارسال خواهد شد.
'توسط' (tavasot) here means 'by' or 'via', referring to the method of sending.
این تصمیم مهم ___ همهی اعضا گرفته شد.
'توسط' (tavasot) is used to show that the decision was made 'by' all members.
The correct order forms the sentence 'This letter was written by him/her.'
The correct order forms the sentence 'The project was successfully completed by the team.'
The correct order forms the sentence 'This information was confirmed by the source.'
خبر جدایی آنها به سرعت ___ رسانه ها پخش شد.
In this context, 'توسط' (by/through) is used to indicate the agent or means by which something happens, here referring to how the news spread through the media.
پروژه ساخت و ساز جدید ___ مهندسان بین المللی رهبری می شود.
'توسط' (by) indicates the agency of the international engineers in leading the construction project.
تصمیمات مهم در مورد آینده شرکت ___ هیئت مدیره اتخاذ شد.
Here, 'توسط' (by) specifies that the board of directors is the entity making the important decisions.
این گزارش جامع ___ کارشناسان برجسته در زمینه اقتصاد تهیه شده است.
'توسط' (by) attributes the preparation of the comprehensive report to the prominent economic experts.
اعتماد سازی بین دو کشور ___ دیپلماسی فعال حاصل شد.
'توسط' (through) here indicates the means by which trust-building was achieved: active diplomacy.
بیماری نادر ___ دانشمندان در سراسر جهان در حال مطالعه است.
'توسط' (by) signifies that the rare disease is being studied by scientists globally.
تصمیم نهایی برای انجام پروژه، ___ هیئت مدیره اتخاذ شد و بلافاصله به تیم اجرایی ابلاغ گردید.
The sentence requires a word that indicates the agent ('هیئت مدیره' - board of directors) responsible for making the decision. 'توسط' (by) is the most appropriate choice here.
پیام اضطراری ___ سیستم هشدار ملی به تمامی شهروندان ارسال شد تا از وقوع طوفان قریبالوقوع آگاه شوند.
Here, 'توسط' signifies the means or agent ('سیستم هشدار ملی' - national warning system) through which the emergency message was sent. It shows the channel of communication.
حل و فصل اختلافات دیپلماتیک بین دو کشور ___ مذاکرات فشرده و طولانی، سرانجام به توافق منجر شد.
'توسط' (through) is used here to indicate the method or process ('مذاکرات فشرده و طولانی' - intense and lengthy negotiations) by which the diplomatic disputes were resolved.
گزارش نهایی عملکرد شرکت، که حاوی تحلیلهای دقیق مالی بود، ___ تیم کارشناسی مستقل تهیه و منتشر گردید.
'بوسیله' is a synonym for 'توسط' and serves the same function, indicating the agent ('تیم کارشناسی مستقل' - independent expert team) that prepared the report.
افزایش بهرهوری در بخش تولید، عمدتاً ___ پیادهسازی فناوریهای نوین و آموزش مداوم کارکنان میسر شد.
In this context, 'توسط' explains the means ('پیادهسازی فناوریهای نوین و آموزش مداوم کارکنان' - implementation of new technologies and continuous staff training) through which increased productivity was achieved.
تصویب لایحه جدید، ___ اکثریت قاطع نمایندگان مجلس صورت گرفت که نشان از اجماع عمومی در این خصوص دارد.
'توسط' indicates the agent ('اکثریت قاطع نمایندگان مجلس' - overwhelming majority of parliament members) responsible for the approval of the new bill.
This letter was written by him.
We are connected through the internet.
The book has been published by a reputable publisher.
Read this aloud:
توسط چه کسی این تصمیم گرفته شد؟
Focus: toh-vas-teh
Você disse:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
من از طریق دوستان مشترک با او آشنا شدم.
Focus: az ta-righ
Você disse:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
توسط شرکتهای بزرگ، نوآوریها تسریع میشوند.
Focus: toh-vas-teh sher-kat-ha-yeh bo-zorg
Você disse:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
/ 36 correct
Perfect score!
Exemplo
این کتاب توسط یک نویسنده جوان نوشته شده است.
Conteúdo relacionado
Mais palavras de general
عادتوار
C1As a matter of habit; habitually.
عادی
A1Conforming to the usual or standard type; normal or ordinary.
عافیت
B2Well-being; the state of being comfortable, healthy, or happy.
عاجل
B2Requiring immediate attention or action; urgent.
عاقبت
C1The outcome or result of an action or event.
عاقل
A1Having or showing experience, knowledge, and good judgment; wise.
عالمگیر
C1Universal, worldwide, or affecting all parts of the world.
عالی
A1Excellent; extremely good or outstanding.
عام
B1General, common, public.
اعم از
B2Including; whether (used to introduce options).
