B2 · Intermediário superior Capítulo 48

Referative Construction

1 Regras totais
1 min
Regras neste capítulo Prática rápida

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of reporting speech and thoughts elegantly without using 'että' clauses.

  • Identify the participial form used in indirect reporting.
  • Construct sentences using the 'sanoi tehneensä' structure.
  • Transform direct speech into concise referative statements.
Report with precision, elegance, and zero 'että'.

O que você vai aprender

Reporting what someone said or thought without 'että'. The 'sanoi tehneensä' structure.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: report what others have said or done using the past participial construction.

Dicas e truques (1)

💡

Vowel Harmony

Always check the last vowel of the stem.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: The Participial Construction (Referative)

Vocabulário-chave (5)

väittää to claim tunnustaa to confess muistaa to remember kuulla to hear epäillä to suspect

Real-World Preview

users

The Office Gossip

Review Summary

  • Verb (say/think) + [Subject in Genitive/Possessive] + [Past Participle + n + possessive suffix] + [case]

Erros comuns

While the first sentence is grammatically 'okay', the second is the preferred B2+ way to report. You must remove 'että' to use this structure.

Wrong: Hän sanoi, että hän on tehnyt sen.
Correto: Hän sanoi tehneensä sen.

You must include the possessive suffix (-nsa) after the participial form.

Wrong: Hän sanoi tehnyt sen.
Correto: Hän sanoi tehneensä sen.

The verb must be in the participial form, not the past tense indicative.

Wrong: Hän sanoi minun menin kotiin.
Correto: Hän sanoi minun menneen kotiin.

Next Steps

You are doing an incredible job mastering these advanced structures. Keep practicing, and you'll sound like a native in no time!

Write a short paragraph reporting the news you heard today.

Continue to: Temporal Construction

Prática rápida (5)

Fill in the correct participle.

Tämä on ___ (laulaa) lintu.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: laulava
Nominative case.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: The Participial Construction (Referative)

Choose the correct case.

Puhun ___ (nukkua) lapsesta.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: nukkuvasta
Elative case.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: The Participial Construction (Referative)

Fill in the negative participle.

Tämä on ___ (kirjoittaa) kirja.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: kirjoittamaton
Negative form.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: The Participial Construction (Referative)

Correct the error.

Find and fix the mistake:

Tämä on nukkuva lapsen.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: nukkuva lapsi
Nominative case.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: The Participial Construction (Referative)

Choose the correct form.

Näen ___ (juosta) koiran.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: juoksevan
Accusative case.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: The Participial Construction (Referative)

Score: /5

Perguntas comuns (2)

It's a way to turn verbs into adjectives/nouns.
Add -va/-vä to the stem.
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The Potential Mood
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Temporal Construction
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