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A1 verb 12 min de leitura

pelätä

Exemplos pelätä em 30 segundos
Explicação pelätä in your Level:
At the A1 level, 'pelätä' is introduced as a fundamental emotion. Learners understand it as the basic feeling of being scared of something concrete, like animals, darkness, or loud noises. Sentences are simple and direct, focusing on 'minä pelkään' (I fear) or 'hän pelkää' (he/she fears) with easily identifiable objects. The goal is for learners to recognize and use the word in very basic contexts to express immediate fears.
For A2 learners, 'pelätä' expands to include slightly more abstract fears, such as fear of the future or fear of exams. They learn to conjugate the verb correctly for different subjects and might encounter simple subordinate clauses like 'että'. The concept of 'olla peloissaan' (to be afraid) is also introduced as a related state. Learners can now form more complex sentences and understand the word in slightly broader contexts.
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B1 learners can use 'pelätä' to discuss fears related to social situations, personal anxieties, and potential future problems. They are comfortable with various verb conjugations, past tense usage, and more complex sentence structures involving subordinate clauses. They can also differentiate 'pelätä' from similar expressions like 'huolestua' (to worry) and understand its use in expressing dread or apprehension.
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At the B2 level, 'pelätä' is used in nuanced discussions about psychological fears, societal anxieties, and the consequences of fear. Learners can employ the word in more sophisticated sentence structures, including passive voice and more complex conditional clauses. They understand its use in both literal and slightly figurative contexts, and can articulate the differences between 'pelätä', 'kauhistua', and other related verbs.
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C1 learners utilize 'pelätä' with a high degree of accuracy and fluency, employing it in abstract discussions, literary analysis, and formal contexts. They can critically analyze the connotations and register of the word, differentiating subtle shades of meaning. They are able to use it effectively in persuasive arguments or detailed descriptions of emotional states, understanding its role in conveying a wide spectrum of apprehension and dread.
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C2 learners have a complete mastery of 'pelätä', using it with native-like precision in all contexts. They understand its etymology, historical usage, and can employ it in highly specialized or idiomatic expressions. They can analyze its function in literature and discourse, recognizing its power to evoke specific emotional responses and contribute to the overall tone and meaning of a text or speech.
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Exemplos

pelätä em 30 segundos

  • To feel fear or be scared of something.
  • Basic emotion of apprehension towards danger.
  • Used in everyday situations, media, and personal expressions.
  • Requires correct verb conjugation and object case.

Understanding "pelätä"

Core Meaning
At its most basic, 'pelätä' means to experience fear. This is a fundamental human emotion that arises when we perceive a threat, danger, or something that could cause us harm or distress. It's an instinctual reaction designed to protect us.
When It's Used
You'll hear 'pelätä' used in a wide range of situations, from very concrete and immediate dangers to more abstract or future worries. People 'pelätä' spiders, heights, the dark, loud noises, or even specific events like exams or job interviews. It can also describe a general sense of unease or anxiety about something uncertain. For instance, a child might 'pelätä' monsters under the bed, while an adult might 'pelätä' losing their job. The intensity of the fear can vary greatly, from mild apprehension to intense terror.
Emotional Range
Beyond just the physical sensation of fear, 'pelätä' can encompass related emotions like being scared, worried, anxious, or even dreading something. It's a versatile verb that captures a significant spectrum of negative emotional responses to perceived threats.
Common Scenarios
Think about when you might feel uneasy or scared. If you're watching a scary movie, you might 'pelätä' what happens next. If you're walking alone at night in a deserted area, you might 'pelätä' for your safety. If you have an important presentation, you might 'pelätä' making a mistake. Even seemingly small things can cause fear; some people 'pelätä' public speaking, while others 'pelätä' flying. The word is fundamental to expressing vulnerability and apprehension.

Minä en pelätä pimeää.

I do not fear the dark.

Lapset pelkäävät kummituksia.

Children fear ghosts.
Emotional Nuance
While 'pelätä' is the direct translation of 'to fear', it can also convey a sense of being worried or anxious about something. For example, if someone is worried about their health, they might say 'Minä pelkään, että sairastun' (I fear that I will get sick). This highlights the verb's ability to express future-oriented apprehension.

Hän pelkää tulevaisuutta.

She fears the future.

Constructing Sentences with "pelätä"

Basic Structure
The most common way to use 'pelätä' is Subject + Pelätä + Object (accusative or partitive case, depending on context and nuance). The object is the thing or person being feared. For example, 'Minä pelkään koiria' (I fear dogs). Here, 'koiria' is in the partitive case, often used when the fear is general or ongoing.
Fear of Specific Events or Situations
When fearing a specific event or situation, especially one that might happen in the future, the object of fear is often expressed using a subordinate clause introduced by 'että' (that). For example, 'Hän pelkää, että hän myöhästyy' (He fears that he will be late). The verb in the subordinate clause is conjugated accordingly.
Expressing General Apprehension
'Pelätä' can also be used without a direct object if the context makes it clear what is being feared, or if it refers to a general feeling of fear. For example, 'Älä pelkää!' (Don't be afraid!). This is a direct command.
Verb Conjugation is Key
Remember that 'pelätä' is a verb that changes its form based on the subject. The stem is 'pelkä-' and it takes personal endings. The infinitive form is 'pelätä'. In the present tense, it looks like this: minä pelkään, sinä pelkäät, hän pelkää, me pelkäämme, te pelkäätte, he pelkäävät. In the past tense, it's: minä pelkäsin, sinä pelkäsit, hän pelkäsi, me pelkäsimme, te pelkäsit, he pelkäsivät.
Using with Negation
To negate 'pelätä', you use the negative verb 'ei' followed by the infinitive form of the main verb in certain contexts, or the conjugated negative verb form. For example, 'En pelkää' (I don't fear) or 'Hän ei pelkää' (He/She doesn't fear). This is a crucial aspect of Finnish grammar.

Minä pelkään yksin kävelemistä yöllä.

I fear walking alone at night.

Hän pelkää lentämistä.

He fears flying.

Me pelkäämme, että sataa.

We fear that it will rain.

Te pelkäättekö hammaslääkäriä?

Do you fear the dentist?
Past Tense Usage
In the past tense, the conjugation follows the same pattern: 'minä pelkäsin' (I feared), 'sinä pelkäsit' (you feared), etc. Example: 'Eilen minä pelkäsin kovaa.' (Yesterday I feared greatly.)

Real-World Usage of "pelätä"

Everyday Conversations
You'll hear 'pelätä' frequently in casual conversations among Finns. People might discuss their fears about the weather, their health, their pets, or even mundane things like public transport delays. For example, someone might say, 'Minä pelkään, että bussi on myöhässä' (I fear that the bus is late). This is a common way to express worry about everyday occurrences.
Media and Entertainment
In Finnish movies, TV shows, and books, 'pelätä' is used extensively to convey characters' emotions and motivations. A thriller might feature characters who 'pelätä' for their lives, while a drama could explore characters dealing with deeper psychological fears. News reports might also use the word when discussing crime, natural disasters, or societal anxieties.
Childhood and Parenting
When talking to or about children, 'pelätä' is very common. Parents reassure their children by saying things like, 'Ei tarvitse pelätä' (You don't need to be afraid) or 'Minä olen tässä, älä pelkää' (I am here, don't be afraid). Children themselves might express their fears: 'Minä pelkään nukkuessa' (I fear when sleeping).
Discussions about Safety and Security
In contexts related to safety, 'pelätä' is essential. For example, discussions about crime rates might involve statements like 'Ihmiset pelkäävät liikkua ulkona pimeällä' (People fear moving outside in the dark). Emergency services might issue warnings, urging people not to 'pelätä' but to follow instructions.
Expressing Personal Anxieties
Finns might use 'pelätä' to express personal anxieties, even about things that seem minor to others. For example, 'Minä pelkään, että unohdan jotain tärkeää' (I fear that I will forget something important). This shows the verb's role in articulating internal states of worry.

Elokuvassa hahmot pelkäsivät hirviötä.

In the movie, the characters feared the monster.

Lapsi sanoi: "En pelkää pimeää, mutta pelkään ukkosta."

The child said: "I am not afraid of the dark, but I fear thunder."

Uutisissa kerrottiin, että ihmiset pelkäävät taloudellista epävarmuutta.

The news reported that people fear economic uncertainty.

Opettaja rauhoitteli oppilaita: "Älkää pelätkö koetta."

The teacher reassured the students: "Don't fear the exam."
Figurative Language
Sometimes 'pelätä' can be used slightly figuratively, implying dread or strong apprehension rather than outright terror. For example, 'Hän pelkää maanantaita' (He fears Monday), meaning he dreads the start of the work week.

Avoiding Pitfalls with "pelätä"

Incorrect Verb Conjugation
A very common mistake for learners is using the infinitive 'pelätä' when a conjugated form is needed. For instance, saying 'Minä pelätä' instead of 'Minä pelkään'. Always remember to conjugate the verb according to the subject (minä pelkään, sinä pelkäät, hän pelkää, etc.).
Wrong Case for the Object
Deciding whether to use the accusative or partitive case for the object of fear can be tricky. Generally, the partitive case is used for general or ongoing fears ('Minä pelkään käärmeitä' - I fear snakes, implying snakes in general), while the accusative can be used for specific, definite fears ('Minä pelkään sitä yhtä käärmettä' - I fear that one specific snake). Beginners often default to the partitive, which is usually safe for general fears.
Confusing 'pelätä' with 'olla peloissaan'
'Olla peloissaan' means 'to be afraid' or 'to be in a state of fear'. While related, it describes the state rather than the action of fearing. For example, 'Hän on peloissaan' (He is afraid). It's crucial to use 'pelätä' when you mean the active verb 'to fear'.
Incorrect Negation
When negating, learners might incorrectly use 'ei pelätä' in contexts where the conjugated negative verb is needed. For example, 'Minä ei pelkään' is wrong. The correct form is 'Minä en pelkää'. Remember the negative auxiliary verb 'en', 'et', 'ei', 'emme', 'ette', 'eivät' followed by the infinitive of the main verb (or sometimes the conjugated form in specific constructions).
Using 'pelätä' for mild dislike or worry
While 'pelätä' can cover a range of apprehension, it's generally stronger than simply being a little worried or disliking something. For mild worry, 'olla huolissaan' (to be worried) might be more appropriate. Using 'pelätä' for trivial dislikes can sound overly dramatic.

Incorrect: Minä pelätä hämähäkkejä.

Correct: Minä pelkään hämähäkkejä.

Incorrect: Hän ei pelätä.

Correct: Hän ei pelkää.

Incorrect: Minä pelkään sen koiran.

Correct: Minä pelkään sitä koiraa. (Partitive for specific object) or Minä pelkään koiria. (Partitive for general fear)

Confusing: Hän on peloissaan.

Meaning: He is afraid (state). Compared to: Hän pelkää. (He fears - action)
Overuse of the Infinitive
Another common error is using the infinitive form 'pelätä' in sentences where a conjugated form is required, especially in simple present tense sentences. Always remember to match the verb ending to the subject.

Nuances and Alternatives to "pelätä"

Pelätä vs. Olla peloissaan
'Pelätä' is the active verb meaning 'to fear' or 'to be scared of'. 'Olla peloissaan' is a state of being, meaning 'to be afraid' or 'to be scared'. You 'pelätä' something, and as a result, you 'olet peloissasi' (are afraid). Example: 'Minä pelkään pimeää.' (I fear the dark.) vs. 'Olen peloissani pimeässä.' (I am afraid in the dark.)
Pelätä vs. Huolestua / Olla huolissaan
'Huolestua' (to become worried) and 'olla huolissaan' (to be worried) express a milder form of anxiety or concern, often about future events or potential problems. 'Pelätä' implies a stronger sense of fear or dread. You might 'olla huolissaan' about a friend's health, but you 'pelätä' a direct threat. Example: 'Olen huolissani hänen tilanteestaan.' (I am worried about his situation.) vs. 'Hän pelkää, että hän ei selviä.' (He fears that he won't survive.)
Pelätä vs. Kauhistua
'Kauhistua' means 'to be horrified' or 'to be terrified'. It describes a sudden, intense reaction of fear, often to something shocking or gruesome. 'Pelätä' can be a more prolonged or general feeling. Example: 'Minä kauhistuin nähdessäni onnettomuuden.' (I was horrified upon seeing the accident.) vs. 'Minä pelkään onnettomuuksia.' (I fear accidents.)
Pelätä vs. Kammota
'Kammota' means 'to detest', 'to abhor', or 'to be disgusted by'. While it involves a strong negative feeling, it's more about revulsion and strong dislike than fear. You might 'kammota' certain foods or actions, but you 'pelätä' danger. Example: 'Minä kammoksin epäoikeudenmukaisuutta.' (I detest injustice.) vs. 'Minä pelkään epäoikeudenmukaisuutta.' (I fear injustice - implying negative consequences.)
Pelätä vs. Vihata
'Vihata' means 'to hate'. Hate is a strong emotion of dislike and animosity, whereas fear is an emotion related to perceived danger or threat. You can hate someone without fearing them, and you can fear something without hating it. Example: 'Minä vihaan kylmää.' (I hate the cold.) vs. 'Minä pelkään kylmää.' (I fear the cold - perhaps due to health reasons or its effects.)

'Pelätä' (to fear) vs. 'Olla peloissaan' (to be afraid):

Minä pelkään korkeita paikkoja.

Olen peloissani parvekkeella.

I fear high places. I am afraid on the balcony.

'Pelätä' (to fear) vs. 'Olla huolissaan' (to be worried):

Minä pelkään tentin tuloksia.

Olen huolissani tuloksista.

I fear the exam results. I am worried about the results.

'Pelätä' (to fear) vs. 'Kauhistua' (to be horrified):

Minä pelkään hämähäkkejä.

Minä kauhistuin nähdessäni valtavan hämähäkin.

I fear spiders. I was horrified upon seeing a giant spider.

'Pelätä' (to fear) vs. 'Vihata' (to hate):

Minä pelkään pimeää.

Minä vihaan kylmää.

I fear the dark. I hate the cold.
Synonyms with Different Registers
While 'pelätä' is the standard word, informal speech might use variations or related concepts, but 'pelätä' remains the most direct and common term for expressing fear.
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Exemplos por nível

1

Minä pelkään koiraa.

I fear a dog.

Basic subject-verb-object structure. 'koiraa' is in partitive case.

2

Hän pelkää pimeää.

He/She fears the dark.

'pimeää' is in partitive case.

3

Lapset pelkäävät ukkosta.

Children fear thunder.

Plural subject 'Lapset' requires plural verb ending '-vät'.

4

Älä pelkää!

Don't be afraid!

Imperative mood, negative command.

5

Minä pelkään korkeita paikkoja.

I fear high places.

'korkeita paikkoja' (high places) in partitive plural.

6

Se pelottaa minua.

It scares me.

This is a different verb, 'pelottaa' (to scare), but related. Here, 'minua' is the object of being scared.

7

Hän pelkää hyönteisiä.

He/She fears insects.

'hyönteisiä' in partitive plural.

8

Me emme pelkää.

We do not fear.

Negative conjugation for 'me'.

1

Minä pelkään, että myöhästyn junasta.

I fear that I will be late for the train.

Use of subordinate clause with 'että'.

2

Hän pelkäsi sitä vanhaa taloa.

He/She feared that old house.

Past tense of 'pelätä'.

3

Lapset pelkäävät hammaslääkäriä.

Children fear the dentist.

'hammaslääkäriä' in partitive singular.

4

Emme pelkää huomista.

We do not fear tomorrow.

Negative in present tense, object 'huomista' in partitive.

5

Hän pelkää lentämistä.

He/She fears flying.

Fear of an activity using '-minen' form.

6

Te pelkäättekö käärmeitä?

Do you fear snakes?

Question form, plural 'te'.

7

He pelkäävät talven tuloa.

They fear the arrival of winter.

'talven tuloa' in partitive.

8

Minä en pelkää enää.

I do not fear anymore.

Use of 'enää' (anymore).

1

Hän pelkää, että hänen työnsä menetetään.

He/She fears that his/her job will be lost.

Subordinate clause with passive voice.

2

Monet ihmiset pelkäävät julkista esiintymistä.

Many people fear public speaking.

'julkista esiintymistä' (public speaking) in partitive.

3

He pelkäsivät, että he eivät selviäisi.

They feared that they would not survive.

Past tense subordinate clause using conditional.

4

Minä en pelkää kuolemaa.

I do not fear death.

Abstract concept as object.

5

Pelkäätkö, että jotain pahaa tapahtuu?

Do you fear that something bad will happen?

Question with abstract fear.

6

Vanhemmat pelkäävät lastensa puolesta.

Parents fear for their children.

'lastensa puolesta' (for their children) indicates concern for someone else.

7

Yhteiskunta pelkää taloudellista epävakautta.

Society fears economic instability.

Societal fear, abstract object.

8

Hän ei pelännyt seurauksia.

He/She did not fear the consequences.

Past tense negation.

1

Hänen pelkonsa siitä, että hän epäonnistuu, oli lähes lamauttava.

His/Her fear that he would fail was almost paralyzing.

Using the noun form 'pelko' (fear) and a subordinate clause.

2

Monet pelkäävät teknologian kehityksen vaikutuksia yhteiskuntaan.

Many fear the effects of technological development on society.

Complex abstract object.

3

Hän pelkäsi, ettei hän koskaan löytäisi onnea.

He/She feared that he/she would never find happiness.

Past tense subordinate clause with future implication.

4

Yksilöt saattavat pelätä menettää identiteettinsä globalisaation myötä.

Individuals may fear losing their identity with globalization.

Modal verb 'saattavat' (may) and abstract fear.

5

Pelkäämme usein sitä, mitä emme ymmärrä.

We often fear what we do not understand.

Relative clause 'mitä emme ymmärrä'.

6

Hän ei pelännyt haasteita, vaan epäonnistumisen mahdollisuutta.

He/She did not fear challenges, but the possibility of failure.

Negation with contrasting objects.

7

Kansalaiset pelkäävät hallituksen päätösten vaikutuksia tulevaisuuteen.

Citizens fear the effects of the government's decisions on the future.

Complex object indicating a chain of cause and effect.

8

Vanhempien sukupolvi pelkäsi enemmän kuin nykyinen sukupolvi.

The older generation feared more than the current generation.

Comparative statement about fear levels.

1

Hänen syvästi juurtunut pelkonsa yksinäisyyttä kohtaan ohjasi hänen elämänvalintojaan.

His deeply rooted fear of loneliness guided his life choices.

Complex noun phrase and abstract fear.

2

Yhteiskunnalliset muutokset herättävät usein pelkoa tuntemattomaan.

Societal changes often awaken fear of the unknown.

Figurative use of 'herättää pelkoa' (awaken fear).

3

Pelkäämme menettävämme vapautemme teknologian lisääntyessä.

We fear losing our freedom as technology increases.

Gerund phrase as object of fear.

4

Hän pelkäsi enemmän omaa riittämättömyyttään kuin ulkopuolista kritiikkiä.

He/She feared his/her own inadequacy more than external criticism.

Comparison of fears.

5

Taiteilija pyrki ilmaisemaan ihmisen perustavanlaatuista pelkoa olemassaolon merkityksettömyydestä.

The artist sought to express humanity's fundamental fear of the meaninglessness of existence.

Philosophical concept as object of fear.

6

Valtion pelko kansalaisten yhtenäisyyttä kohtaan oli ilmeinen.

The state's fear towards the unity of citizens was evident.

Abstract entity fearing a concept.

7

Hän ei pelännyt kuolemaa sinänsä, vaan sitä, mitä sen jälkeen seuraisi.

He/She did not fear death itself, but what would follow after it.

Distinguishing between direct fear and fear of consequences.

8

Historiallisesti kansat ovat pelänneet tuntemattomia uhkia ja vieraita kulttuureja.

Historically, peoples have feared unknown threats and foreign cultures.

Historical context and broad scope of fear.

1

Hänen sisällään kytenyt pelko tulevasta oli kuin krooninen kipu, joka vaivasi häntä jatkuvasti.

The fear of the future simmering within him was like a chronic pain that constantly afflicted him.

Figurative language, metaphor, and sophisticated description of fear.

2

Kulttuuriset tabut saattoivat synnyttää syvää, tiedostamatonta pelkoa tietyistä aiheista.

Cultural taboos could generate deep, unconscious fear of certain topics.

Psychological and cultural analysis of fear.

3

Filosofi pohti, pelkäämmekö todella kuolemaa vai sitä tyhjyyttä, jonka se jättää jälkeensä.

The philosopher pondered whether we truly fear death or the void it leaves behind.

Existential and philosophical exploration of fear.

4

Hän ei pelännyt kuolemaa, vaan kuoleman pelkoa itseään.

He/She did not fear death, but the fear of death itself.

Meta-fear, fear of the emotion itself.

5

Ihmiskunnan kollektiivinen muisti näyttää sisältävän alkukantaista pelkoa luonnonvoimia kohtaan.

Humanity's collective memory seems to contain an primal fear of the forces of nature.

Collective unconscious and primal fears.

6

Hänen taiteensa pyrki purkamaan yhteiskunnan rakentamia pelkoja ja ennakkoluuloja.

His art aimed to dismantle the fears and prejudices constructed by society.

Deconstruction of societal fears.

7

Valtiollisella tasolla pelko kansalaiskapinan mahdollisuudesta saattoi johtaa sortotoimiin.

At the state level, the fear of the possibility of citizen rebellion could lead to oppressive measures.

Political science context, fear as a motivator for power.

8

Pelkäämme enemmän sitä, että meidät unohdetaan, kuin varsinaista kuolemaa.

We fear more being forgotten than actual death.

Fear of oblivion versus the end of life.

Sinônimos

kauhistua huolestua olla peloissaan kammota vihata jänistää arastella
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