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के खिलाफ

A2 preposition #1,000 mais comum 10 min de leitura

के खिलाफ

In opposition to; against.

ke khilaaf Top 1,000

At the A1 level, you are just starting to learn how to express basic relationships between things. 'के खिलाफ' (ke khilāf) is a very useful phrase for saying 'against' in simple situations. Think of it like a team sport. If you are playing a game, you are 'against' the other team. In Hindi, you say the name of the person or team first, then add 'के खिलाफ'. For example, 'राम के खिलाफ' (against Ram). A very important thing to remember is that when you use it with 'I' (मैं), it becomes 'मेरे खिलाफ' (mere khilāf). When you use it with 'You' (तुम), it becomes 'तुम्हारे खिलाफ' (tumhāre khilāf). Don't worry about the complex grammar yet; just try to memorize these common patterns. You will hear this word a lot when people talk about sports or simple disagreements. It's a great way to start expressing your opinion or your position in a group.

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As an A2 learner, you can start using 'के खिलाफ' in more varied sentences. You should now be comfortable with the idea that the noun before 'के खिलाफ' must be in the oblique case. This means 'लड़का' (boy) becomes 'लड़के के खिलाफ' (against the boy). At this level, you can use the word to talk about rules, simple laws, or physical opposition. For example, 'नियमों के खिलाफ' (against the rules). You might also use it to describe your feelings about a plan: 'मैं इस विचार के खिलाफ हूँ' (I am against this idea). This level is all about expanding from simple people to simple concepts. You will notice this word in news headlines or when people are complaining about something. It's a key word for participating in basic debates and expressing why you might disagree with someone. Practice using it with different pronouns and common nouns like 'सरकार' (government) or 'दुश्मन' (enemy).

At the B1 level, you should be able to use 'के खिलाफ' fluently in both spoken and written Hindi. You understand that it's a compound postposition and can handle the oblique case transformations without much thought. You can now use it in more abstract contexts, such as 'समय के खिलाफ' (against time) or 'अन्याय के खिलाफ' (against injustice). You should also be aware of its formal synonym 'के विरुद्ध' (ke viruddh) and when to use it. At this stage, you can use 'के खिलाफ' to build complex arguments. For example, 'हमें प्रदूषण के खिलाफ कड़े कदम उठाने चाहिए' (We should take strict steps against pollution). You are also beginning to recognize the word in literature and more detailed news reports. You can distinguish between physical opposition and metaphorical opposition. This word becomes a tool for you to express social and moral stances, allowing for deeper conversations about society and personal values.

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For B2 learners, 'के खिलाफ' is a versatile tool for nuanced expression. You can use it to describe complex social movements, legal battles, and philosophical contradictions. You understand the subtle difference between 'के खिलाफ' and 'के विपरीत' (contrary to). You can use the word in passive constructions or as part of larger idiomatic expressions. For example, 'उसकी गवाही मेरे खिलाफ गई' (His testimony went against me). You are comfortable hearing this word in fast-paced debates or complex Bollywood dialogues where the stakes are high. You also know how to use it with abstract nouns to discuss systemic issues, like 'भेदभाव के खिलाफ' (against discrimination). Your vocabulary is rich enough to choose between 'के खिलाफ' and its more formal or technical counterparts depending on the audience. You can write essays or give presentations where 'के खिलाफ' helps you structure your points of disagreement clearly and effectively.

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At the C1 level, you have a sophisticated command of 'के खिलाफ'. You can use it to articulate subtle shifts in policy, legal arguments, or philosophical stances. You understand its historical roots and how it fits into the broader landscape of Hindustani vocabulary. You can use it in highly formal settings, such as a court of law or a political manifesto, while also being able to use it in very colloquial, slang-heavy conversations. You are aware of how the word can be used for rhetorical effect in speeches. For example, repeating 'के खिलाफ' to emphasize a series of grievances. You can also identify when the word is being used ironically or sarcastically. Your understanding of the word is not just grammatical but cultural; you know the weight it carries in the context of Indian social activism. You can engage in high-level discussions about 'अधिकारों के खिलाफ' (against rights) or 'नैतिकता के खिलाफ' (against morality) with precision and depth.

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At the C2 level, your use of 'के खिलाफ' is indistinguishable from that of a highly educated native speaker. You can use it to navigate the most complex linguistic environments, from classical literature to modern legal statutes. You understand the etymological nuances of 'khilāf' and how it contrasts with Sanskrit-derived terms in different literary registers. You can use the word to express the most abstract and existential forms of opposition, such as 'नियति के खिलाफ' (against destiny). You are capable of translating complex English philosophical texts into Hindi, choosing the exact right term for 'against' based on the specific context. You can also analyze the use of 'के खिलाफ' in political rhetoric to understand the underlying power dynamics. For you, the word is no longer just a postposition; it is a versatile instrument for expressing the full range of human conflict, contradiction, and resistance in the Hindi language.

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के खिलाफ em 30 segundos

A postposition meaning 'against' or 'in opposition to'.
Requires the preceding noun or pronoun to be in the oblique case.
Used in sports, law, politics, and daily disagreements.
Commonly paired with 'के' (ke) to form 'के खिलाफ'.

The Hindi postposition के खिलाफ (ke khilāf) is a fundamental building block for expressing opposition, resistance, and contrast. In English, it most directly translates to "against" or "in opposition to." Understanding this word is crucial because it appears in almost every domain of Hindi communication, from daily arguments and sports commentary to legal proceedings and political activism. At its core, it signifies a position that is contrary to another person, an idea, a law, or a physical force. The word 'khilāf' itself has its roots in Arabic, where it pertains to difference or contradiction, and when paired with the Hindi genitive marker 'के' (ke), it functions as a compound postposition. This means it always follows the noun or pronoun it modifies, and that noun/pronoun must be in the oblique case.

Literal Meaning: In the direction of contradiction; against a specific entity.
Common Contexts: Sports matches, legal cases, personal disagreements, social protests, and scientific resistance.

Imagine you are watching a cricket match between India and Australia. You would say, "भारत ऑस्ट्रेलिया के खिलाफ खेल रहा है" (India is playing against Australia). Here, the word establishes the competitive relationship. Similarly, if someone accuses you of something you didn't do, you might say, "यह मेरे के खिलाफ एक साजिश है" (This is a conspiracy against me). Note how 'मैं' (I) changes to 'मेरे' (my/oblique) before the postposition. This grammatical shift is a hallmark of Hindi postpositions and is something learners must master early on.

जनता भ्रष्टाचार के खिलाफ आवाज उठा रही है। (The public is raising its voice against corruption.)

Beyond physical or personal opposition, के खिलाफ is used for abstract concepts. You can be against an idea, against the flow of a river, or against the rules of a game. It is a versatile tool that allows speakers to define their boundaries and stances. In a professional setting, it might be used to discuss evidence in a court case: "सबूत उसके के खिलाफ हैं" (The evidence is against him). In a casual setting, it might describe a simple preference: "मैं इस योजना के खिलाफ नहीं हूँ" (I am not against this plan).

Historically, the adoption of 'khilāf' into Hindi-Urdu (Hindustani) enriched the language's ability to express legal and formal opposition. While Sanskrit-derived alternatives like 'के विरुद्ध' (ke viruddh) exist and are used in formal or literary contexts, 'के खिलाफ' is the go-to choice for natural, spoken Hindi. It carries a certain weight and clarity that makes it indispensable for effective communication. Whether you are debating a friend or reading a news headline about a strike, this phrase will be your constant companion in navigating the world of Hindi-speaking perspectives.

Using के खिलाफ (ke khilāf) correctly involves understanding the 'Postpositional Construction' in Hindi. Unlike English, where 'against' comes before the noun, in Hindi, 'के खिलाफ' comes after. This can be a bit of a mental flip for English speakers. Let's break down the syntax: [Noun/Pronoun in Oblique Case] + [के खिलाफ]. This structure remains consistent regardless of the gender or number of the subject, making it one of the more stable parts of Hindi grammar.

Pronoun Changes: मैं (I) → मेरे खिलाफ; तुम (You) → तुम्हारे खिलाफ; वह (He/She) → उसके खिलाफ; हम (We) → हमारे खिलाफ; वे (They) → उनके खिलाफ.

Let's look at some practical examples to see this in action. If you want to say "He spoke against the government," you would say: "उसने सरकार के खिलाफ बोला" (Usne sarkār ke khilāf bolā). Notice how 'सरकार' (government) is followed by the postposition. If you are talking about a law, you might say: "यह कानून मानवता के खिलाफ है" (This law is against humanity). In this instance, the word describes a state of being rather than an action.

हमें अन्याय के खिलाफ लड़ना चाहिए। (We should fight against injustice.)

One of the most common mistakes for beginners is omitting the 'के' (ke). Saying just 'खिलाफ' after a noun is grammatically incomplete and sounds jarring to native speakers. It is the 'के' that links the noun to the concept of opposition. Another nuance is the placement of the verb. Usually, the 'noun + के खिलाफ' phrase acts as an adverbial or adjectival phrase within the sentence, often appearing before the verb or the object it modifies.

In more complex sentences, you might find के खिलाफ used to set up a condition. For example: "अगर तुम मेरे के खिलाफ जाओगे, तो तुम्हें पछताना पड़ेगा" (If you go against me, you will have to repent). Here, it's used to express a betrayal or a change in loyalty. It can also be used with verbs of motion, like 'जाना' (to go) or 'दौड़ना' (to run), to indicate physical direction: "हवा के खिलाफ दौड़ना मुश्किल है" (It is difficult to run against the wind). This versatility across physical, social, and abstract domains is what makes it a 'must-know' word for reaching A2 and B1 levels of proficiency.

You don't have to look far to hear के खिलाफ (ke khilāf) in daily life in India. It is a staple of news broadcasts, sports commentary, and even Bollywood drama. If you turn on a Hindi news channel like Aaj Tak or NDTV India, you will likely hear it within the first five minutes. News anchors frequently use it when reporting on political protests, court verdicts, or international conflicts. For instance, a headline might read: "विपक्ष ने सरकार के खिलाफ प्रदर्शन किया" (The opposition protested against the government).

Sports Commentary: "कोहली ने स्पिनरों के खिलाफ शानदार बल्लेबाजी की" (Kohli batted brilliantly against the spinners).
Legal Dramas: "मेरे पास तुम्हारे खिलाफ पुख्ता सबूत हैं" (I have solid evidence against you).

In the world of Bollywood, the word is used to heighten tension. Characters often find themselves 'against the world' or 'against their families' for love. A classic dialogue might be: "पूरी दुनिया मेरे के खिलाफ हो जाए, फिर भी मैं तुमसे प्यार करूँगा" (Even if the whole world turns against me, I will still love you). This emotional weight makes the word memorable and deeply embedded in the cultural psyche.

पुलिस ने चोर के खिलाफ मामला दर्ज किया है। (The police have registered a case against the thief.)

Social media is another place where this word thrives. On Twitter (X) or Instagram, you'll see hashtags like #JusticeFor... followed by posts using के खिलाफ to voice dissent. Whether it's a campaign against plastic pollution or a movement against social inequality, the phrase serves as a linguistic banner for collective action. In school or college debates, students use it to structure their arguments: "मैं इस विषय के खिलाफ बोलना चाहता हूँ" (I want to speak against this topic).

Even in mundane daily life, you might hear it. A mother might tell her child, "देर रात तक जागना सेहत के खिलाफ है" (Staying up late is against health/bad for health). Or a friend might say, "मैं तुम्हारे के खिलाफ नहीं हूँ, बस तुम्हारी बात से सहमत नहीं हूँ" (I am not against you, I just don't agree with what you're saying). This range from the monumental to the trivial is why 'के खिलाफ' is a cornerstone of Hindi vocabulary.

Learning to use के खिलाफ (ke khilāf) correctly involves avoiding several common pitfalls that English speakers often fall into. The most frequent error is related to the Hindi case system. Because 'के खिलाफ' is a postposition, the noun or pronoun preceding it must be in the oblique case. Forgetting this can lead to sentences that sound very broken to a native ear.

Mistake 1: Wrong Pronoun Form: Saying "मैं के खिलाफ" (Main ke khilāf) instead of "मेरे खिलाफ" (Mere khilāf). Pronouns have special oblique forms when followed by 'के'.
Mistake 2: Dropping the 'के': Saying "नियम खिलाफ" (Niyam khilāf) instead of "नियमों के खिलाफ" (Niyamom ke khilāf). Without 'के', the relationship is lost.

Another common mistake is confusing 'के खिलाफ' with 'के सामने' (ke sāmne - in front of). While in English we might say "He stood against the wall," in Hindi, if you mean he was physically in front of it, you'd use 'के सामने'. 'के खिलाफ' implies a sense of resistance or opposition. If you say "वह दीवार के खिलाफ खड़ा है," it sounds like he is physically pushing against the wall or opposing the wall's existence, which is rarely what is meant in a simple descriptive sentence.

Incorrect: वह मुझ के खिलाफ है। (Vah mujh ke khilāf hai.)
Correct: वह मेरे खिलाफ है। (Vah mere khilāf hai.)

Word order is also a sticking point. English speakers often try to put 'against' at the start of a phrase. For example, translating "Against the rules" as "खिलाफ नियमों के" is incorrect. In Hindi, the noun always comes first. It must be "नियमों के खिलाफ." This postpositional nature is a fundamental shift from English prepositions and requires conscious practice until it becomes second nature.

Finally, learners sometimes overuse के खिलाफ when a simpler word like 'नहीं' (not) or 'बिना' (without) might be more appropriate. For example, "मैं चाय के खिलाफ हूँ" (I am against tea) sounds very dramatic if you just mean you don't like tea. Use it when there is a genuine sense of opposition, conflict, or contradiction. Reserve it for when you are taking a stand, whether it's in a game, a debate, or a matter of principle.

While के खिलाफ (ke khilāf) is the most common way to say "against," Hindi offers several synonyms and related terms that can add nuance to your speech. Depending on the formality of the situation or the specific type of opposition you want to express, you might choose a different word. Understanding these alternatives will help you sound more like a native speaker and allow you to understand more formal texts.

के विरुद्ध (ke viruddh): This is the Sanskrit-derived equivalent of 'के खिलाफ'. It is highly formal and frequently used in legal documents, academic writing, and high-level news reporting. Example: "संविधान के विरुद्ध" (Against the constitution).
के विपरीत (ke vipreet): This means "contrary to" or "opposite to." It is used when comparing two things that are logically or physically opposite. Example: "उम्मीद के विपरीत" (Contrary to expectations).

Another interesting alternative is के प्रतिकूल (ke pratikool). This is often used in scientific or technical contexts to mean "adverse" or "unfavorable." For example, "स्वास्थ्य के प्रतिकूल" (Adverse to health). While 'के खिलाफ' could be used here, 'प्रतिकूल' sounds more professional and precise. On the other hand, if you want to express physical opposition, like leaning against something, you might use से लगकर (se lagkar) or के सहारे (ke sahāre). For example, "दीवार के सहारे खड़ा होना" (Standing with the support of the wall/leaning against the wall).

Comparison:
1. मेरे खिलाफ (Casual/Common: Against me)
2. मेरे विरुद्ध (Formal: Against me)
3. मेरे विपरीत (Opposite to me/My contrary)

In some contexts, the word बनाम (banām) is used, especially in sports and legal cases. It is the Hindi equivalent of "versus" (vs.). You will see this in match titles: "भारत बनाम पाकिस्तान" (India vs. Pakistan). While 'के खिलाफ' describes the act of playing against someone, 'बनाम' is the label for the matchup itself. Understanding these distinctions helps in choosing the right word for the right moment.

Lastly, consider the word उलटा (ultā), which means "reverse" or "opposite." While not a direct replacement for 'के खिलाफ', it is often used in similar contexts to describe something that goes against the norm. For example, "उसने मेरी सलाह के उलटा काम किया" (He did the opposite of my advice). By learning these variations, you build a richer vocabulary that allows you to express the many shades of 'opposition' that exist in human interaction and thought.

How Formal Is It?

Formal

"प्रार्थी ने प्रतिवादी के खिलाफ याचिका दायर की है।"

Neutro

"मैं इस फैसले के खिलाफ हूँ।"

Informal

"तू मेरे खिलाफ क्यों जा रहा है?"

Child friendly

"झूठ बोलना अच्छी बात के खिलाफ है।"

Gíria

"वो तो मेरे खिलाफ ही सीन बना रहा है।"

Curiosidade

The word 'Khilafat' (as in the Khilafat Movement in Indian history) comes from the same Arabic root, though it refers to the office of the Caliph (successor), which literally means 'one who comes after'.

Guia de pronúncia

UK /keɪ kʰɪ.lɑːf/

US /keɪ kʰɪ.lɑf/

The primary stress is on the second syllable of 'khilāf' (-lāf).

Rima com

साफ (sāf - clean) माफ (māf - forgive) इंसाफ (insāf - justice) अल्ताफ (altāf - a name) तवाफ (tawāf - circumambulation) गिलाफ (gilāf - cover/pillowcase) अतराफ (atrāf - surroundings) असाफ (asāf - clear/pure)

Erros comuns

Pronouncing 'kh' as a hard 'k' (it should be aspirated/fricative).
Pronouncing 'ke' as 'kee'.
Putting the stress on 'ke' instead of 'khilāf'.
Making the 'i' in 'khilaf' too long (like 'ee').
Dropping the 'f' sound at the end.

Nível de dificuldade

Leitura 2/5

Easy to recognize in text as it often appears at the end of a phrase.

Escrita 3/5

Requires remembering the oblique case for the preceding noun/pronoun.

Expressão oral 3/5

Requires mental switching of word order compared to English.

Audição 2/5

Clearly pronounced and usually emphasized in speech.

O que aprender depois

Pré-requisitos

के (ke) मैं/मेरे (main/mere) तुम/तुम्हारे (tum/tumhare) नियम (niyam) खेल (khel)

Aprenda a seguir

के विरुद्ध (ke viruddh) के विपरीत (ke vipreet) के पक्ष में (ke paksh mein) साजिश (saajish) अदालत (adalat)

Avançado

मुखालफत (mukhālfat) प्रतिकूल (pratikool) बनाम (banām) विद्रोह (vidroh) सत्याग्रह (satyagraha)

Gramática essencial

Oblique Case with Postpositions

लड़का (Boy) + के खिलाफ = लड़के के खिलाफ (Against the boy).

Pronoun Transformation

वह (He) + के खिलाफ = उसके खिलाफ (Against him).

Compound Postpositions

'के' acts as a bridge between the noun and the meaning word 'खिलाफ'.

Adverbial Placement

The phrase usually comes before the verb: 'वह मेरे खिलाफ बोला' (He spoke against me).

Plural Oblique Ending

नियम (Rule) -> नियमों (Rules) + के खिलाफ = नियमों के खिलाफ.

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Exemplos por nível

वह मेरे खिलाफ है।

He is against me.

Uses the oblique pronoun 'मेरे' (my/me) with 'के खिलाफ'.

भारत इंग्लैंड के खिलाफ खेल रहा है।

India is playing against England.

Standard 'Noun + के खिलाफ' structure for sports.

क्या तुम मेरे खिलाफ हो?

Are you against me?

Interrogative sentence using the postposition.

राम श्याम के खिलाफ है।

Ram is against Shyam.

Shows opposition between two specific people.

हम उनके खिलाफ नहीं हैं।

We are not against them.

Negative sentence using 'नहीं' (not).

यह खेल के खिलाफ है।

This is against the game.

Using a noun 'खेल' (game) in a simple context.

वे हमारे खिलाफ बोल रहे हैं।

They are speaking against us.

Present continuous tense with the postposition.

वह तुम्हारे खिलाफ नहीं बोलेगा।

He will not speak against you.

Future tense with 'तुम्हारे' (your/you oblique).

यह नियमों के खिलाफ है।

This is against the rules.

Plural noun 'नियमों' (rules) in the oblique case.

उसने अपने पिता के खिलाफ बात की।

He spoke against his father.

Reflexive pronoun 'अपने' (his own) used here.

पुलिस चोर के खिलाफ कार्रवाई कर रही है।

The police are taking action against the thief.

Formal noun 'कार्रवाई' (action) used with the postposition.

हमें प्रदूषण के खिलाफ लड़ना चाहिए।

We should fight against pollution.

Modal verb 'चाहिए' (should) expressing necessity.

वह इस योजना के खिलाफ क्यों है?

Why is he against this plan?

Question word 'क्यों' (why) placed before the verb.

यह कानून गरीबों के खिलाफ है।

This law is against the poor.

Adjective used as a noun 'गरीबों' (the poor) in oblique plural.

हवा के खिलाफ साइकिल चलाना मुश्किल है।

It is difficult to cycle against the wind.

Infinitive 'चलाना' (to drive/cycle) used as a subject.

उसने मेरे खिलाफ शिकायत की।

He made a complaint against me.

Noun 'शिकायत' (complaint) with the verb 'करना' (to do).

जनता भ्रष्टाचार के खिलाफ सड़कों पर उतर आई है।

The public has taken to the streets against corruption.

Idiomatic expression 'सड़कों पर उतरना' (to take to the streets).

अदालत ने उसके खिलाफ फैसला सुनाया।

The court announced the verdict against him.

Formal legal vocabulary: 'अदालत' (court), 'फैसला' (verdict).

वह अपनी मर्जी के खिलाफ शादी नहीं करेगी।

She will not marry against her will.

Abstract noun 'मर्जी' (will/wish) used with the postposition.

यह कदम मानवता के खिलाफ एक अपराध है।

This step is a crime against humanity.

Complex noun phrase 'मानवता के खिलाफ एक अपराध'.

सच्चाई के खिलाफ जाना कभी आसान नहीं होता।

Going against the truth is never easy.

Gerund 'जाना' (going) as the subject of the sentence.

उसने अपनी टीम के खिलाफ गोल कर दिया।

He scored a goal against his own team.

Compound verb 'कर दिया' (did/performed).

डॉक्टर ने उसे ठंडे पानी के खिलाफ चेतावनी दी।

The doctor warned him against cold water.

Verb 'चेतावनी देना' (to give a warning).

यह फिल्म रूढ़ियों के खिलाफ एक कड़ा संदेश देती है।

This film gives a strong message against stereotypes.

Plural oblique 'रूढ़ियों' (stereotypes/traditions).

विपक्ष ने सरकार के खिलाफ अविश्वास प्रस्ताव पेश किया।

The opposition presented a no-confidence motion against the government.

Political terminology: 'अविश्वास प्रस्ताव' (no-confidence motion).

उसकी गवाही मेरे खिलाफ जा सकती है।

His testimony could go against me.

Modal 'सकती है' (can/could) expressing possibility.

प्रकृति के खिलाफ काम करने के परिणाम बुरे होते हैं।

The consequences of working against nature are bad.

Genitive construction 'काम करने के परिणाम'.

वह समय के खिलाफ दौड़ रहा है ताकि काम पूरा हो सके।

He is racing against time so that the work can be completed.

Metaphorical use of 'समय के खिलाफ' (against time).

हमें इस अन्याय के खिलाफ एकजुट होना होगा।

We will have to unite against this injustice.

Future obligation 'होना होगा' (will have to be/become).

उसने समाज के खिलाफ जाकर अपनी पहचान बनाई।

He created his identity by going against society.

Conjunctive participle 'जाकर' (having gone/by going).

यह दवा संक्रमण के खिलाफ बहुत प्रभावी है।

This medicine is very effective against infection.

Scientific context: 'संक्रमण' (infection), 'प्रभावी' (effective).

मेरे पास उसके खिलाफ कोई ठोस सबूत नहीं है।

I don't have any solid evidence against him.

Possessive construction 'मेरे पास... है'.

लेखक ने अपनी पुस्तक में सत्ता के खिलाफ तीखी टिप्पणी की है।

The author has made sharp comments against the establishment in his book.

Advanced vocabulary: 'सत्ता' (power/establishment), 'तीखी टिप्पणी' (sharp comment).

यह नीति अभिव्यक्ति की आजादी के खिलाफ एक प्रहार है।

This policy is a blow against the freedom of expression.

Metaphorical noun 'प्रहार' (blow/attack).

वैज्ञानिकों ने इस बीमारी के खिलाफ एक नया टीका विकसित किया है।

Scientists have developed a new vaccine against this disease.

Perfect tense 'विकसित किया है' (has developed).

उसने अपने सिद्धांतों के खिलाफ समझौता करने से इनकार कर दिया।

He refused to compromise against his principles.

Verb phrase 'समझौता करना' (to compromise).

इतिहास गवाह है कि अत्याचार के खिलाफ हमेशा क्रांति हुई है।

History is witness that there has always been a revolution against tyranny.

Complex sentence with a subordinate clause starting with 'कि'.

यह कानून संविधान की मूल भावना के खिलाफ प्रतीत होता है।

This law appears to be against the basic spirit of the constitution.

Formal verb 'प्रतीत होना' (to appear/seem).

उसने अपनी अंतरात्मा के खिलाफ जाकर यह फैसला लिया।

He took this decision by going against his conscience.

Abstract noun 'अंतरात्मा' (conscience).

मीडिया को झूठी खबरों के खिलाफ अभियान चलाना चाहिए।

The media should run a campaign against fake news.

Verb phrase 'अभियान चलाना' (to run a campaign).

उसका अस्तित्व ही इस व्यवस्था के खिलाफ एक विद्रोह है।

His very existence is a rebellion against this system.

Philosophical use of 'अस्तित्व' (existence) and 'विद्रोह' (rebellion).

यह तर्क तर्कशास्त्र के बुनियादी नियमों के खिलाफ जाता है।

This argument goes against the fundamental rules of logic.

Academic context: 'तर्कशास्त्र' (logic), 'बुनियादी' (fundamental).

मानवीय गरिमा के खिलाफ किसी भी कृत्य को बर्दाश्त नहीं किया जाएगा।

Any act against human dignity will not be tolerated.

Passive voice 'बर्दाश्त नहीं किया जाएगा' (will not be tolerated).

उसकी चुप्पी अन्याय के खिलाफ उसकी सबसे बड़ी गवाही थी।

His silence was his greatest testimony against injustice.

Paradoxical use of 'चुप्पी' (silence) as 'गवाही' (testimony).

यह उपन्यास समय की धारा के खिलाफ बहने वाली एक कहानी है।

This novel is a story that flows against the stream of time.

Literary metaphor 'समय की धारा' (stream of time).

धर्म के नाम पर नफरत फैलाना मानवता के खिलाफ सबसे बड़ा पाप है।

Spreading hatred in the name of religion is the greatest sin against humanity.

Gerund subject 'नफरत फैलाना' (spreading hatred).

उसने नियति के खिलाफ अपनी जंग जारी रखी।

He continued his battle against destiny.

Abstract concept 'नियति' (destiny/fate).

यह शोध प्रचलित मान्यताओं के खिलाफ नए तथ्य उजागर करता है।

This research brings to light new facts against prevalent beliefs.

Formal vocabulary: 'प्रचलित मान्यताएँ' (prevalent beliefs), 'उजागर करना' (to reveal).

Colocações comuns

सरकार के खिलाफ

नियमों के खिलाफ

मेरे खिलाफ

भ्रष्टाचार के खिलाफ

सबूत के खिलाफ

अन्याय के खिलाफ

समय के खिलाफ

इच्छा के खिलाफ

कानून के खिलाफ

टीम के खिलाफ

Frases Comuns

आवाज उठाना

साजिश रचना

मामला दर्ज करना

जंग छेड़ना

खड़े होना

बगावत करना

गवाही देना

वोट देना

प्रचार करना

कदम उठाना

Frequentemente confundido com

के खिलाफ vs के सामने (ke sāmne)

Means 'in front of'. Use 'के खिलाफ' only for opposition, not just physical placement.

के खिलाफ vs के बिना (ke binā)

Means 'without'. Sometimes confused when translating 'against my will' (mर्जी के बिना vs मर्जी के खिलाफ).

के खिलाफ vs के विपरीत (ke vipreet)

Means 'contrary to'. Used for logical opposites rather than active opposition.

Expressões idiomáticas

"हवा के खिलाफ बहना"

To go against the prevailing trend or opinion.

वह हमेशा हवा के खिलाफ बहने की कोशिश करता है।

Metaphorical

"समय के खिलाफ दौड़ना"

To try to finish something in a very short amount of time.

प्रोजेक्ट पूरा करने के लिए हम समय के खिलाफ दौड़ रहे हैं।

Common

"आग के खिलाफ खेलना"

To take a very dangerous risk against someone powerful.

उससे दुश्मनी करना आग के खिलाफ खेलने जैसा है।

Dramatic

"अपनी ही छाया के खिलाफ लड़ना"

To struggle with one's own internal conflicts or fears.

वह अपनी ही छाया के खिलाफ लड़ रहा है।

Poetic

"किस्मत के खिलाफ जाना"

To try to change what seems to be predestined.

किस्मत के खिलाफ जाना आसान नहीं होता।

Philosophical

"धारा के खिलाफ तैरना"

To act in a way that is contrary to the majority.

समाज में बदलाव लाने के लिए धारा के खिलाफ तैरना पड़ता है।

Metaphorical

"दीवार के खिलाफ पीठ होना"

To be in a desperate situation with no way out (similar to 'back against the wall').

अब मेरी पीठ दीवार के खिलाफ है, मुझे कुछ करना होगा।

Common

"ज़माने के खिलाफ चलना"

To live or act in a way that society does not approve of.

वह हमेशा ज़माने के खिलाफ चलता है।

Neutral

"अपने ही खून के खिलाफ होना"

To be in opposition to one's own family.

जायदाद के लिए वह अपने ही खून के खिलाफ हो गया।

Dramatic

"मौत के खिलाफ जंग"

A desperate struggle to survive a terminal illness or danger.

अस्पताल में उसकी मौत के खिलाफ जंग जारी है।

Serious

Fácil de confundir

के खिलाफ vs विरुद्ध (viruddh)

Both mean 'against'.

Viruddh is Sanskrit-based and very formal. Khilaf is Arabic-based and common in daily speech.

अदालत में 'विरुद्ध' और सड़क पर 'खिलाफ' का प्रयोग ज्यादा होता है।

के खिलाफ vs विपरीत (vipreet)

Both imply a 'reverse' or 'opposite' direction.

Vipreet is used for 'opposite' (like North vs South), while Khilaf is used for 'against' (like Team A vs Team B).

हवा के विपरीत (Opposite to wind direction) vs हवा के खिलाफ (Against the wind's force).

के खिलाफ vs उलटा (ultā)

Both mean opposite/against.

Ulta is an adjective/adverb meaning 'upside down' or 'reverse'. Khilaf is a postposition showing relationship.

उसने कमीज उलटी पहनी है (He wore the shirt inside out) vs वह मेरे खिलाफ है।

के खिलाफ vs सामने (sāmne)

English 'against' can mean 'facing'.

Sāmne is purely spatial. Khilaf is adversarial.

घर के सामने (In front of the house) vs घर के खिलाफ (Against the house - e.g., a legal case).

के खिलाफ vs बनाम (banām)

Both used in competitions.

Banām is used to name the match (A vs B). Khilaf is used to describe the action of playing.

भारत बनाम पाक (India vs Pak) vs भारत पाक के खिलाफ खेल रहा है।

Padrões de frases

[Person] [Person] के खिलाफ है।

राम श्याम के खिलाफ है।

यह [Noun-Oblique] के खिलाफ है।

यह नियमों के खिलाफ है।

हमें [Issue-Oblique] के खिलाफ लड़ना चाहिए।

हमें गरीबी के खिलाफ लड़ना चाहिए।

[Person] ने [Noun-Oblique] के खिलाफ [Action] किया।

उसने सरकार के खिलाफ शिकायत की।

[Concept-Oblique] के खिलाफ जाना [Consequence] है।

सिद्धांतों के खिलाफ जाना मुश्किल है।

[Abstract-Oblique] के खिलाफ [Metaphor].

समय के खिलाफ एक अंतहीन दौड़।

Any

क्या आप [Noun-Oblique] के खिलाफ हैं?

क्या आप इस प्रस्ताव के खिलाफ हैं?

Any

मेरे खिलाफ मत बोलो।

Família de palavras

Substantivos

Verbos

Adjetivos

Relacionado

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frequency

Extremely high in news, sports, and daily debates.

Erros comuns

मैं के खिलाफ (Main ke khilāf) → मेरे खिलाफ (Mere khilāf)
Pronouns must take their possessive/oblique form before 'के खिलाफ'.
नियम खिलाफ (Niyam khilāf) → नियमों के खिलाफ (Niyamom ke khilāf)
You cannot drop the 'के'. Also, plural nouns must be in the oblique form.
खिलाफ सरकार (Khilāf sarkār) → सरकार के खिलाफ (Sarkār ke khilāf)
Hindi is a postpositional language; the 'against' word comes after the noun.
वह दीवार के खिलाफ खड़ा है (meaning leaning) → वह दीवार के सहारे खड़ा है
'के खिलाफ' implies opposition. For physical support, use 'के सहारे'.
मुझ के खिलाफ (Mujh ke khilāf) → मेरे खिलाफ (Mere khilāf)
The oblique 'mujh' + 'ke' always becomes 'mere'.

Dicas

The Oblique Rule

Always remember to change the noun before 'के खिलाफ' to its oblique form. 'लड़का' becomes 'लड़के', 'कमरा' becomes 'कमरे', and plural 'नियम' becomes 'नियमों'.

The 'Kh' Sound

The 'kh' in 'khilaf' is a fricative sound made at the back of the throat, like the German 'ch'. Don't just say a plain 'k'.

Sports Context

When watching a match, use 'के खिलाफ' to describe who is playing whom. It's the most natural way to talk about competition.

Formal Alternative

Learn 'के विरुद्ध' alongside 'के खिलाफ'. You will see it in newspapers and books, and using it will make you sound more educated.

Conflict Connection

Link 'Khilaf' with 'Conflict'. Both words imply a clash or disagreement and start with a similar hard sound.

Sentence Order

In Hindi, the 'against' part comes AFTER the noun. English: Against the rules. Hindi: Rules + ke khilaf.

Protest Language

If you see a protest in India, look for banners. You will almost certainly see 'के खिलाफ' used to list the protesters' demands.

No 'Mujh Ke'

Never say 'मुझ के खिलाफ'. The correct form is always 'मेरे खिलाफ'. This applies to all pronouns (mere, tumhare, uske, etc.).

News Keywords

In Hindi news, 'के खिलाफ' is a keyword for conflict. When you hear it, you know the story is about a disagreement or a fight.

Polite Disagreement

You can say 'मैं आपके खिलाफ नहीं हूँ' (I am not against you) to soften a disagreement before stating your different opinion.

Memorize

Mnemônico

Think of 'KE' as a key and 'KHILAF' as 'Kill-Off'. You use the 'Key' to 'Kill-Off' an argument you are 'Against'.

Associação visual

Imagine a giant red 'X' mark placed over something. That 'X' represents 'के खिलाफ'.

Word Web

Opposition Against Sports Law Protest Contrary Oblique Case Arabic Root

Desafio

Try to write three sentences today: one about a sport, one about a rule you dislike, and one about a person you disagree with, all using 'के खिलाफ'.

Origem da palavra

Derived from the Arabic word 'khilāf' (خلاف), which means difference, contradiction, or opposition. It entered Hindi through Persian influence during the medieval period.

Significado original: Contradiction, disagreement, or being 'behind' or 'after' in a contrasting sense.

Afroasiatic (Arabic) -> Indo-European (Hindi/Urdu via Persian).

Contexto cultural

While 'के खिलाफ' is a neutral term for opposition, using it against religious or sensitive cultural practices should be done with care to avoid sounding offensive.

In English, 'against' is a preposition that comes before the noun. In Hindi, 'के खिलाफ' is a postposition that comes after. This is the biggest hurdle for English speakers.

The 'Khilafat Movement' (1919-1924) in British India. The Bollywood movie 'Sarkar' where the protagonist fights against the system. Cricket headlines like 'India vs Pakistan' (Bharat ke khilāf Pakistan).

Pratique na vida real

Contextos reais

Sports

टीम के खिलाफ
खिलाड़ी के खिलाफ
स्कोर के खिलाफ
जीत के खिलाफ

Law

कानून के खिलाफ
सबूत के खिलाफ
गवाह के खिलाफ
जुर्म के खिलाफ

Politics

सरकार के खिलाफ
पार्टी के खिलाफ
नीति के खिलाफ
नेता के खिलाफ

Personal Life

मेरे खिलाफ
तुम्हारे खिलाफ
मर्जी के खिलाफ
सोच के खिलाफ

Social Issues

अन्याय के खिलाफ
गरीबी के खिलाफ
दहेज के खिलाफ
हिंसा के खिलाफ

Iniciadores de conversa

"क्या आप इस नए नियम के खिलाफ हैं?"

"आप भ्रष्टाचार के खिलाफ क्या करना चाहेंगे?"

"क्या कभी कोई आपके खिलाफ खड़ा हुआ है?"

"अगले मैच में हम किस टीम के खिलाफ खेलेंगे?"

"क्या आप अपनी मर्जी के खिलाफ कोई काम करते हैं?"

Temas para diário

एक समय के बारे में लिखें जब आप किसी अन्याय के खिलाफ खड़े हुए थे।

क्या आपको लगता है कि समाज के खिलाफ जाना हमेशा गलत होता है? क्यों?

भ्रष्टाचार के खिलाफ लड़ने के तीन तरीके बताएं।

अगर पूरी दुनिया आपके खिलाफ हो जाए, तो आप क्या करेंगे?

किसी ऐसी फिल्म या किताब का वर्णन करें जिसमें नायक ने व्यवस्था के खिलाफ लड़ाई लड़ी हो।

Perguntas frequentes

10 perguntas

No, in standard Hindi, 'के खिलाफ' is a compound postposition. Dropping the 'के' makes the sentence grammatically incorrect. For example, 'नियम खिलाफ' is wrong; it must be 'नियमों के खिलाफ'.

'मेरे खिलाफ' is correct. 'मुझ' is the oblique form of 'मैं', but when followed by 'के', it combines to form 'मेरे'. You should never say 'मुझ के खिलाफ'.

It is neutral and can be used in almost any context. However, in very formal legal or academic writing, 'के विरुद्ध' is often preferred.

If you mean leaning for support, use 'दीवार के सहारे'. If you mean facing it, use 'दीवार के सामने'. Use 'दीवार के खिलाफ' only if you are literally opposing or fighting the wall.

No, 'के खिलाफ' is an invariable postposition. It does not change whether the subject is male, female, singular, or plural.

Yes, 'कानून के खिलाफ' is the standard way to say 'against the law' or 'illegal'.

The root is 'kh-l-f' (خلف), which relates to being behind, succeeding, or differing.

Yes, it is the most common way to say one team is playing 'against' another.

Yes, 'मेरी उम्मीदों के खिलाफ' is correct, though 'मेरी उम्मीदों के विपरीत' is also very common.

You would say 'मेरे खिलाफ मत जाओ' (Mere khilāf mat jāo).

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