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B1 noun #3,500 mais comum 11 min de leitura

건의

geon-ui Top 3,500

Pratique Exemplos Notas e dicas 건의 em 30 segundos

Explicação 건의 in your Level:

At the A1 level, 건의 (Geon-ui) might seem like a difficult word because it is formal. However, you can think of it simply as a 'formal suggestion'. In your daily life, you might not use this word to talk to your friends or family. Instead, you will see it in places like a 'suggestion box' at a language school or a library. The most important thing to remember is that 건의 is a noun. If you want to say 'to suggest', you add '하다' to make 건의하다. At this level, just try to recognize the word when you see it on a sign. For example, '건의함' means 'Suggestion Box'. If you want to tell your teacher something that could be better in class, you are making a 건의. It is a very polite way to share your ideas with someone who is in charge. Don't worry about using it in complex sentences yet; just knowing that it's a polite word for an idea you give to a boss or a teacher is a great start!

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As an A2 learner, you are starting to handle more social situations. You can use 건의 when you want to be very polite and formal. For instance, if you are at a hotel and you want to suggest they have more towels, you can say '건의하고 싶어요' (I want to make a suggestion). This sounds much more professional than just saying 'Please give more towels'. You should also learn the phrase 건의 사항 (geon-ui sa-hang), which means 'suggestions' or 'things to suggest'. You will often see this on websites or feedback forms. When you use 건의, you usually use the particle '를' (object marker). For example: '저는 건의를 했어요' (I made a suggestion). Remember, this word is for formal places. If you are talking to your friend about what to eat for lunch, do not use 건의. Use '제안' or just ask 'What do you want to eat?'. 건의 is your 'official' word for making things better in a workplace or school.

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At the B1 level, you should be able to use 건의 in professional and academic contexts. You understand that this word is hierarchical. It is used when a 'lower' person (like an employee or student) gives an idea to a 'higher' person (like a manager or principal). You should start using it with appropriate particles like ~에 (to an organization) or ~께 (to a respected person). For example: '선생님께 건의를 드렸습니다' (I gave a suggestion to the teacher). Notice the use of '드렸다' (the humble form of 'gave') which often goes with 건의 to show extra respect. You will also encounter this word in news articles or office announcements. For example, '직원들의 건의를 수렴하다' means 'to collect/gather employees' suggestions'. This is a key word for expressing your needs in a polite, structured way in Korean society. You are moving beyond simple requests and starting to participate in formal processes of improvement and feedback.

For B2 learners, 건의 is a tool for professional communication and social participation. You should be comfortable writing a '건의문' (a formal written proposal). This involves not just the word itself, but a specific structure: identifying a problem, proposing a solution (건의), and explaining the expected benefits. You should also understand the difference between 건의 and similar words like 제안 (proposal), 제의 (offer), and 권고 (recommendation). For example, a government might receive a 건의 from citizens but issue a 권고 to the public. You can use advanced verbs like 반영하다 (to reflect/incorporate) or 수용하다 (to accept). '고객의 건의를 정책에 반영했습니다' (We reflected the customer's suggestion in the policy). At this level, you are expected to use 건의 to navigate complex social dynamics, showing that you understand the formal 'rules' of how to influence change in a Korean organization or community.

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At the C1 level, your understanding of 건의 should include its subtle political and social implications. It is often used in the context of 'civil petitions' (민원) and public discourse. You should be able to discuss how 건의 systems function in various institutions, such as the '국민신문고' (People's Online Petition System). You can use the word in idiomatic or highly formal ways, such as '건의를 묵살하다' (to ignore/stifle a suggestion) or '건의를 전폭적으로 수용하다' (to fully accept a suggestion). You should also be aware of the historical context of 건의, where it was often a brave act for subordinates to speak up to their superiors. In a business context, you might analyze how '건의 활성화' (activating/encouraging suggestions) can improve corporate culture. Your use of 건의 should be flawless, reflecting a deep understanding of Korean hierarchy, honorifics, and the formal structures of communication that define professional life in Korea.

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At the C2 level, you possess a native-like grasp of 건의 and can use it in highly specialized fields such as law, public policy, or academic research. You can distinguish between the legal nuances of a 건의 versus a 진정 (petition) or a 청원 (formal request to the state). You can engage in high-level debates about the effectiveness of '상향식 건의 체계' (bottom-up suggestion systems) in modern organizations. You might use the term in a rhetorical or literary sense, perhaps discussing the '고언' (bitter but helpful advice/suggestion) offered by a loyal advisor to a leader. Your ability to use 건의 extends to understanding its nuances in diplomatic language or high-level corporate negotiations, where the choice of this word over '요구' (demand) can signal a desire for cooperation rather than confrontation. You are not just using the word; you are manipulating its formal weight to achieve specific communicative goals in the most complex and sensitive social environments.

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Pratique Exemplos Notas e dicas

건의 em 30 segundos

A formal suggestion or proposal made to a superior or an organization.
Commonly used in workplaces, schools, and government contexts for feedback.
Usually implies an 'upward' direction of communication (subordinate to superior).
Often paired with verbs like '하다' (to do), '수용하다' (to accept), or '반영하다' (to reflect).

The Korean noun 건의 (Geon-ui) is a sophisticated and essential term in the Korean language, primarily used to describe the act of offering a suggestion, proposal, or recommendation to a person or body in a higher position of authority. While English speakers might use the word 'suggestion' for everything from choosing a restaurant to proposing a new law, Korean distinguishes between these social contexts with precision. 건의 is specifically reserved for formal environments where an individual or a group provides their opinion or a proposed plan for consideration by an organization, a government, a superior at work, or a school administration.

Formal Context: This word is most frequently encountered in professional settings, such as corporate offices, educational institutions, and government agencies. It implies a structured and respectful way of providing feedback or proposing changes.

Understanding the nuance of 건의 requires an appreciation of the hierarchical nature of Korean society. When you make a 건의, you are acknowledging that the final decision-making power rests with the recipient, but you are providing valuable input to help them make that decision. This is why it is often seen in the form of a '건의함' (suggestion box) or a '건의 사항' (list of suggestions/requests) on official websites or in physical public spaces.

많은 학생들이 학교 식당의 메뉴 개선을 건의했습니다. (Many students made a suggestion to improve the school cafeteria menu.)

Unlike '제안' (je-an), which is a more neutral term for a proposal or an offer that can happen between equals, 건의 carries a slightly more formal and upward-facing connotation. If you are suggesting a movie to a friend, you would never use 건의; however, if you are suggesting a change in the company's vacation policy to your manager, 건의 is the perfect word to use to show professional courtesy and respect for the organizational structure.

Social Implication: Using this word correctly demonstrates a high level of cultural competence. It shows you understand the 'Nunchi' (social sense) required to communicate effectively in a Korean professional or official environment.

In modern Korea, the word is also heavily associated with civil rights and public participation. Citizens often submit 건의 to their local district offices or via the Blue House (now the presidential office's public petition system) to voice their concerns about public safety, infrastructure, or social welfare. This makes it a key vocabulary word for anyone interested in Korean current events, politics, or social issues.

주민들은 공원 내에 조명 설치를 건의하기로 결정했습니다. (The residents decided to suggest the installation of lighting inside the park.)

To summarize, 건의 is not just a suggestion; it is a formal, respectful, and structured proposal aimed at improving a situation or policy within a hierarchical framework. It bridges the gap between those who experience a problem and those who have the power to fix it.

The word 건의 functions primarily as a noun, but its utility expands significantly when combined with various verbs and particles. The most common verb form is 건의하다 (to make a suggestion). Because this word is formal, it is often paired with equally formal grammar structures and honorifics. Let's look at how to construct sentences effectively using this word.

Common Verb Pairings: 1. 건의하다: To suggest/propose.
2. 건의를 받다: To receive a suggestion.
3. 건의를 수용하다: To accept/adopt a suggestion.
4. 건의를 묵살하다: To ignore/dismiss a suggestion.

When you want to specify who you are making the suggestion to, you use the particles ~에 (to an organization) or ~에게/~께 (to a person). For example, '회사에 건의하다' means to suggest to the company, whereas '부장님께 건의하다' means to suggest to the department manager. The use of '께' instead of '에게' is highly recommended when the recipient is of higher status, which is usually the case with 건의.

저는 우리 팀의 업무 효율을 위해 새로운 소프트웨어 도입을 건의하고 싶습니다. (I would like to suggest the introduction of new software for our team's work efficiency.)

Another frequent usage is the compound noun 건의 사항. This translates to 'matters of suggestion' or 'items for suggestion.' You will often hear this at the end of a meeting or see it as a heading on a feedback form. '다른 건의 사항 있으신가요?' (Do you have any other suggestions?) is a very common phrase used by leaders to open the floor for feedback.

Passive and Descriptive Uses: You can also describe a suggestion using adjectives. For instance, '적극적인 건의' (an active/enthusiastic suggestion) or '합리적인 건의' (a reasonable suggestion). These descriptors help convey the nature of the proposal.

In written Korean, particularly in a '건의문' (a formal written proposal), the tone should be objective and respectful. You might start with a background of why you are writing, followed by the specific 건의, and conclude with the expected benefits. This structured approach is typical of professional Korean communication.

시민들의 건의가 시청에 전달되었습니다. (The citizens' suggestions were delivered to the city hall.)

Finally, remember that 건의 is often the object of the verb '올리다' (to raise/submit) in very formal or honorific contexts. '건의를 올리다' gives the impression of humbly submitting a suggestion to a much higher authority, emphasizing the vertical distance between the giver and the receiver.

If you live or work in Korea, you will encounter the word 건의 in specific, predictable locations. It is not a word used in the middle of a casual conversation about weekend plans, but rather a staple of organized social life. Understanding these locations will help you recognize the word in the wild.

The Workplace: During weekly meetings or quarterly reviews, a manager might ask, '혹시 회사 생활에 대해 건의할 점이 있나요?' (Do you have anything to suggest regarding office life?). In this context, they are inviting you to provide feedback on the work environment, policies, or projects.

In a corporate setting, 건의 is also found in the '사내 게시판' (internal company bulletin board). There might be a specific section titled '건의함' where employees can anonymously or publicly suggest improvements. This is a vital part of 'communication culture' (소통 문화) in modern Korean companies trying to move away from rigid top-down structures.

직원들의 건의 덕분에 유연 근무제가 도입되었습니다. (Thanks to the employees' suggestions, a flexible working system was introduced.)

Educational institutions are another primary location. From elementary school to university, students use 건의 to talk to their teachers or the school board. Student councils (학생회) often collect 건의 사항 from the student body to present to the principal or dean. If you see a poster on a university campus asking for '학생 건의', it is an invitation for students to share their needs.

Public Services and Apps: Many Korean apps, from banking to food delivery, have a '고객 센터' (Customer Center) with a '건의하기' button. This is where you can suggest new features or report issues. Similarly, local government websites have '민원 및 건의' (Complaints and Suggestions) sections.

Lastly, you will hear this word in military dramas or when people talk about their mandatory military service. The '마음의 편지' (Letter of the Heart) is a famous system where soldiers can 건의 or report grievances to their commanders. This highlights the word's role as a formal channel for those in lower ranks to reach those in higher ranks.

고객들의 소중한 건의를 적극적으로 반영하겠습니다. (We will actively reflect the precious suggestions of our customers.)

In summary, 건의 is the language of formal feedback. Whether it's a digital button, a physical wooden box, or a formal agenda item in a meeting, it represents the organized flow of ideas from the bottom up.

For English speakers, the most frequent mistake when using 건의 is failing to recognize its formal and hierarchical restrictions. In English, 'suggestion' is a very broad word, but in Korean, using the wrong word for 'suggestion' can make you sound either overly stiff or unintentionally rude. Let's break down the common pitfalls.

Mistake 1: Using '건의' with Friends: If you say to a friend, '내일 영화 보는 거 건의할게' (I'll suggest watching a movie tomorrow), it sounds extremely strange. It's like saying, 'I shall submit a formal proposal to you regarding our cinema attendance.' Instead, use '제안하다' or simply the '~ㄹ까?' structure ('영화 볼까?').

The second common mistake is confusing 건의 with 충고 (advice). While both involve giving an opinion, 충고 is often given from a superior to a subordinate or between equals to correct behavior. 건의, on the other hand, is almost always directed 'upward' or toward an organization to improve a system. If you try to '건의' your friend to stop smoking, it sounds like you are treating your friend like a government agency.

Incorrect: 친구에게 점심 메뉴를 건의했어요.
Correct: 친구에게 점심 메뉴를 제안했어요. (I suggested a lunch menu to my friend.)

A third mistake involves the particle usage. Some learners use ~를 건의하다 when they should use ~에 대해 건의하다 (suggest about something). While ~를 건의하다 is correct for the specific proposal (e.g., '임금 인상을 건의하다' - suggest a wage hike), if you are talking about the general topic, ~에 대해 is often more natural.

Mistake 4: Confusing '건의' and '제의': '제의' (Je-ui) is often used for formal offers or invitations, like a business 'offer' or a 'proposal' for a partnership. '건의' is for improvements or feedback. If you are offering a contract, use '제의'; if you are suggesting the office needs more coffee, use '건의'.

Finally, learners sometimes forget that 건의 is a noun. They might try to use it as a verb without '하다'. Remember that in Korean, many nouns become verbs by adding '하다', and 건의 is a classic example of this. Always ensure you have the correct verb ending to match the level of formality required by the person you are speaking to.

잘못된 사용: 사장님, 이거 건의요. (Boss, this suggestion.) - Too blunt.
올바른 사용: 사장님, 이 부분에 대해 건의드리고 싶습니다. (Boss, I would like to make a suggestion regarding this part.)

By avoiding these mistakes, you will not only use the word correctly but also navigate the complex social landscape of Korea with much greater ease and professionalism.

To truly master 건의, you must understand the spectrum of 'suggestion' words in Korean. Each has its own specific 'register' and 'context'. Choosing the right one is the difference between sounding like a native speaker and sounding like a textbook. Let's compare 건의 with its closest relatives.

건의 (Geon-ui) vs. 제안 (Je-an): 건의: Upward, formal, often involves an improvement or a request to an authority (e.g., student to school).
제안: Neutral, can be horizontal or downward, involves an idea or a plan (e.g., friend to friend, or business partner to partner).

Think of 제안 as 'proposing an idea' and 건의 as 'submitting a suggestion for consideration'. If you are in a brainstorming session with colleagues of the same rank, you use 제안. If you are approaching the CEO to change a company-wide policy, you use 건의.

우리는 새로운 마케팅 전략을 제안했습니다. (We proposed a new marketing strategy.) - Focus on the idea itself.

건의 (Geon-ui) vs. 제의 (Je-ui): 제의: An offer or a formal proposal of action, often in business or diplomacy (e.g., '협상을 제의하다' - to offer negotiations). It implies a 'take it or leave it' offer more than a 'suggestion for improvement'.

Another interesting comparison is with 권고 (Gwon-go). 권고 is a 'recommendation' or 'advice' that often comes from a position of expertise or authority. For example, a doctor might 권고 a patient to exercise. This is the opposite direction of 건의, which usually goes from the 'user' or 'subordinate' to the 'provider' or 'authority'.

Comparison Summary: - 건의: 'I think the system should change.' (Upward/Formal)
- 제안: 'How about this idea?' (Neutral/Horizontal)
- 제의: 'I offer you this deal.' (Formal Offer)
- 충고/권고: 'You should do this.' (Downward/Expertise)

Lastly, for very casual situations, Koreans often just use the verb ending ~는 게 어때요? (How about...?). This avoids the need for a formal noun altogether. Mastering 건의 and its alternatives allows you to precisely calibrate your level of formality and social direction, making your Korean sound sophisticated and culturally attuned.

정부는 전문가의 권고를 받아들여 방역 수칙을 강화했습니다. (The government accepted the experts' recommendation and strengthened the quarantine rules.)

How Formal Is It?

Curiosidade

The character 議 (ui) is the same one found in words like '회의' (meeting) and '국회' (National Assembly), emphasizing the consultative nature of the word.

Guia de pronúncia

UK /ɡʌn.i/

US /ɡʌn.i/

Korean is not a stress-timed language like English, but the first syllable '건' is typically spoken with a slightly higher pitch or emphasis.

Rima com

편의 (pyeon-ui - convenience) 선의 (seon-ui - good will) 동의 (dong-ui - agreement) 논의 (non-ui - discussion) 정의 (jeong-ui - definition/justice) 임의 (im-ui - randomness) 결의 (gyeol-ui - resolution) 전의 (jeon-ui - fighting spirit)

Erros comuns

Pronouncing '의' as 'u-ee' too distinctly, which can sound unnatural.
Confusing '건의' (geon-ui) with '거의' (geo-ui - almost).
Pronouncing the 'n' in 'geon' too softly.
Using a hard 'g' like in 'goat' instead of the softer Korean 'ㄱ'.
Stressing the second syllable instead of the first.

Nível de dificuldade

Leitura 3/5

Easy to recognize in formal texts and signs.

Escrita 4/5

Requires knowledge of formal particles and honorifics.

Expressão oral 4/5

Must be used in the right social context to avoid awkwardness.

Audição 3/5

Common in news and workplace scenarios.

O que aprender depois

Pré-requisitos

의견 (opinion) 말하다 (to speak) 학교 (school) 회사 (company) 하다 (to do)

Aprenda a seguir

제안 (proposal) 반영하다 (to reflect) 수용하다 (to accept) 정책 (policy) 민원 (civil petition)

Avançado

청원 (petition) 진정 (formal complaint) 상달 (reaching the top) 고언 (bitter advice)

Gramática essencial

~께 ...를 드리다 (Honorific giving)

사장님께 건의를 드렸습니다.

~고자 하다 (Formal intention)

개선 방안을 건의하고자 합니다.

~기 십상이다 (Likely to)

예의가 없으면 건의가 묵살당하기 십상이다.

~에 반영되다 (To be reflected in)

시민의 건의가 정책에 반영되었다.

~를 토대로 (Based on)

건의를 토대로 계획을 수정했다.

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Exemplos por nível

건의함은 어디에 있어요?

Where is the suggestion box?

'건의함' is a compound noun: 건의 + 함 (box).

선생님께 건의했어요.

I made a suggestion to the teacher.

'~께' is the honorific form of '~에게' (to).

이것은 좋은 건의입니다.

This is a good suggestion.

'건의' is the noun, '입니다' is the formal 'to be'.

건의 사항이 있어요.

I have a suggestion.

'건의 사항' is a very common set phrase.

학교에 건의해요.

Suggest it to the school.

'~에' is used for organizations/places.

건의를 써 주세요.

Please write your suggestion.

'~아/어 주세요' is used for requests.

메뉴를 건의합시다.

Let's suggest a menu.

'~ㅂ시다' is the formal 'let's'.

누가 건의했어요?

Who made the suggestion?

'누가' is the subject form of '누구' (who).

회사에 새로운 아이디어를 건의했어요.

I suggested a new idea to the company.

'아이디어를 건의하다' is a common pairing.

건의 사항을 게시판에 적으세요.

Write your suggestions on the bulletin board.

'게시판' means bulletin board.

더 많은 휴식을 건의하고 싶어요.

I want to suggest more breaks.

'~고 싶어요' means 'I want to'.

부장님께서 제 건의를 들으셨어요.

The department manager heard my suggestion.

'~께서' and '들으셨어요' are honorific forms.

이메일로 건의를 보냈습니다.

I sent a suggestion via email.

'~로' indicates the means or method.

주민들이 공원 청소를 건의했습니다.

The residents suggested cleaning the park.

'주민' means residents.

제 건의가 받아들여졌어요.

My suggestion was accepted.

'받아들여지다' is the passive form of '받아들이다'.

우리 팀은 개선을 건의하기로 했어요.

Our team decided to suggest an improvement.

'~기로 하다' means 'to decide to'.

업무 환경 개선을 위해 몇 가지를 건의하고자 합니다.

I would like to suggest a few things to improve the work environment.

'~하고자 하다' is a formal way to express intention.

학생회는 등록금 인하를 강력하게 건의했습니다.

The student council strongly suggested a tuition fee reduction.

'강력하게' means strongly/forcefully.

사용자들의 건의 사항을 적극적으로 반영할 계획입니다.

We plan to actively reflect the users' suggestions.

'반영하다' means to reflect or incorporate into a plan.

어떤 방식으로 건의를 드리는 것이 좋을까요?

In what way would it be best to offer a suggestion?

'~는 것이 좋을까요?' asks for an opinion/advice.

시민들의 건의가 시청 홈페이지에 많이 올라왔습니다.

Many suggestions from citizens have been posted on the city hall website.

'올라오다' here means to be posted online.

회의 마지막에 건의 사항을 말씀해 주세요.

Please share your suggestions at the end of the meeting.

'말씀하다' is the honorific form of '말하다'.

그의 건의는 현실적으로 실현하기 어렵습니다.

His suggestion is realistically difficult to implement.

'실현하다' means to realize or implement.

정부에 정책 변화를 건의하는 서한을 보냈습니다.

I sent a letter to the government suggesting a policy change.

'서한' is a formal word for a letter.

노동조합은 임금 체계 개편을 사측에 건의하기로 결의했다.

The labor union resolved to suggest a reorganization of the wage system to the management.

'사측' refers to the management/company side.

불합리한 관행을 타파하기 위해 건의서를 제출했습니다.

I submitted a written proposal to break down unreasonable practices.

'타파하다' means to break down or abolish.

이번 프로젝트의 성공을 위해 몇 가지 보완점을 건의합니다.

I suggest a few points for supplementation for the success of this project.

'보완점' means points to be supplemented or improved.

상사의 일방적인 지시보다는 부하 직원의 건의가 존중되어야 한다.

Subordinates' suggestions should be respected rather than a superior's one-sided instructions.

'~보다' is used for comparison.

민원인은 도로 확장을 구청에 지속적으로 건의해 왔다.

The petitioner has been continuously suggesting road expansion to the district office.

'~해 왔다' indicates an action continuing from the past to the present.

전문가들은 환경 보호를 위한 새로운 법안을 건의했다.

Experts suggested a new bill for environmental protection.

'법안' means a legislative bill.

고객의 건의를 무시하면 기업의 신뢰도가 떨어질 수 있다.

If you ignore customer suggestions, the company's credibility may drop.

'~면' means 'if'.

효율적인 에너지 사용을 위해 시스템 교체를 건의드리는 바입니다.

I am suggesting a system replacement for efficient energy use.

'~는 바입니다' is a very formal ending used in speeches or documents.

현장의 목소리를 반영한 실질적인 건의가 정책 수립에 큰 도움이 되었다.

Practical suggestions reflecting voices from the field were of great help in establishing policy.

'수립' means establishment (of a plan or policy).

그는 조직의 발전을 위해 쓴소리도 마다하지 않고 건의를 올렸다.

He did not hesitate to offer even bitter suggestions for the development of the organization.

'쓴소리' literally 'bitter sound', means honest but harsh advice.

지방 자치 단체는 중앙 정부에 재정 지원 확대를 건의할 방침이다.

The local government plans to suggest an expansion of financial support to the central government.

'방침' means a policy or plan of action.

제도적 허점을 보완하기 위한 다각적인 건의가 잇따르고 있다.

Multifaceted suggestions to supplement institutional loopholes are following one after another.

'잇따르다' means to follow in succession.

형식적인 건의에 그치지 말고 구체적인 실행 방안을 제시해야 한다.

One should not stop at a formal suggestion but present specific implementation plans.

'~에 그치다' means to stop at or be limited to.

국민들의 건의를 수렴하는 과정에서 갈등이 발생하기도 한다.

Conflicts sometimes arise in the process of collecting suggestions from the public.

'수렴하다' means to collect or gather opinions.

그의 건의는 시대를 앞서간 혁신적인 내용을 담고 있었다.

His suggestion contained innovative content that was ahead of its time.

'시대를 앞서가다' is an idiom meaning 'ahead of its time'.

위원회는 각계각층의 건의를 종합하여 최종 보고서를 작성했다.

The committee synthesized suggestions from all walks of life to write the final report.

'각계각층' means all walks of life / various social strata.

권력의 핵심부에 직접 건의를 전달하는 것은 상당한 용기가 필요한 일이었다.

Delivering a suggestion directly to the core of power was a matter requiring considerable courage.

'핵심부' means the core or heart of an organization.

학계는 윤리적 가이드라인 제정을 정부에 강력히 건의하며 공론화에 나섰다.

The academic community strongly suggested the enactment of ethical guidelines to the government and began a public discussion.

'공론화' means making something a matter of public debate.

과거의 관습에 얽매이지 않는 파격적인 건의가 조직에 활력을 불어넣었다.

Unconventional suggestions, not bound by past customs, breathed vitality into the organization.

'활력을 불어넣다' is a common idiom meaning 'to revitalize'.

그의 건의는 단순한 의견 개진을 넘어 구조적인 변혁을 촉구하는 것이었다.

His suggestion went beyond a simple expression of opinion and urged structural transformation.

'촉구하다' means to urge or demand.

국제기구는 해당 국가에 인권 상황 개선을 위한 구체적인 조치를 건의했다.

The international organization suggested specific measures to the country for the improvement of the human rights situation.

'조치' means measures or actions.

건의의 내용이 아무리 훌륭해도 전달 방식이 정중하지 못하면 묵살당하기 십상이다.

No matter how excellent the content of a suggestion is, if the delivery is not polite, it is likely to be ignored.

'~기 십상이다' means 'to be easy to' or 'likely to'.

사료에 따르면, 충신들은 왕에게 끊임없이 건의를 올려 국정을 바로잡으려 했다.

According to historical records, loyal subjects constantly submitted suggestions to the king to rectify state affairs.

'사료' means historical materials/records.

다양한 이해관계자들의 건의를 조율하는 것이 이번 협상의 핵심 과제이다.

Coordinating the suggestions of various stakeholders is the key task of this negotiation.

'조율하다' means to coordinate or tune (like an instrument).

Colocações comuns

건의를 하다

건의를 받다

건의 사항

건의를 수용하다

건의를 반영하다

건의서를 제출하다

건의를 올리다

적극적인 건의

건의가 들어오다

건의를 묵살하다

Frases Comuns

건의 드립니다

— I am making a suggestion (very polite). Used in emails or formal speech.

다음 회의 장소에 대해 건의 드립니다.

건의함

— A physical or digital suggestion box.

건의함에 의견을 넣어 주세요.

건의문

— A formal written document containing a suggestion.

건의문을 작성해서 교장 선생님께 드렸어요.

건의 채택

— The adoption or selection of a suggestion.

제 건의가 채택되어 포상을 받았습니다.

건의 사항 접수

— The receiving or registration of suggestions.

지금부터 건의 사항 접수를 시작하겠습니다.

자유 건의

— Free or open suggestions (without a specific topic).

마지막 순서는 자유 건의 시간입니다.

건의를 검토하다

— To review or examine a suggestion.

팀장님이 제 건의를 검토 중이십니다.

건의를 촉구하다

— To urge someone to make a suggestion (or urge action on one).

노조는 건의 사항에 대한 답변을 촉구했다.

공식 건의

— An official or formal suggestion.

우리는 공식 건의를 통해 문제를 해결했다.

건의 내용

— The content or details of a suggestion.

건의 내용이 아주 구체적입니다.

Frequentemente confundido com

건의 vs 제안 (Je-an)

제안 is neutral and can be between friends. 건의 is formal and usually upward (to a boss/authority).

건의 vs 제의 (Je-ui)

제의 is a formal offer or invitation, like a business deal. 건의 is a suggestion for improvement.

건의 vs 충고 (Chung-go)

충고 is personal advice to correct someone. 건의 is a professional proposal to improve a system.

Expressões idiomáticas

"쓴소리도 건의다"

— Even harsh words are a form of suggestion (if meant for improvement).

회장님은 쓴소리도 건의라며 경청하셨다.

Formal

"건의의 문이 열려 있다"

— The door for suggestions is always open (welcoming feedback).

우리 회사는 항상 건의의 문이 열려 있습니다.

Professional

"건의를 밥 먹듯이 하다"

— To make suggestions very frequently (like eating meals).

그는 사내 개선 사항을 건의를 밥 먹듯이 한다.

Informal/Neutral

"귀를 막고 건의를 듣다"

— To listen to suggestions while having one's ears closed (pretending to listen).

정부는 귀를 막고 건의를 듣는 척만 했다.

Critical/Metaphorical

"건의가 산더미처럼 쌓이다"

— Suggestions are piled up like a mountain (very many).

게시판에 건의가 산더미처럼 쌓여 있다.

Descriptive

"건의 한 마디에 천 냥 빚 갚는다"

— Adapted from a common idiom; a well-placed suggestion can solve huge problems.

그의 건의 한 마디가 회사를 위기에서 구했다.

Literary

"건의의 씨앗을 뿌리다"

— To start a process of change by making an initial suggestion.

그녀의 작은 건의가 큰 변화의 씨앗을 뿌렸다.

Metaphorical

"건의가 메아리치다"

— Suggestions are echoing (being discussed everywhere or repeated).

시민들의 건의가 전국적으로 메아리쳤다.

Journalistic

"건의를 금쪽같이 여기다"

— To value suggestions as if they were gold.

우리는 고객의 건의를 금쪽같이 여깁니다.

Marketing/Formal

"건의의 칼날을 세우다"

— To make a very sharp, critical, or pointed suggestion.

그는 정책의 허점에 대해 건의의 칼날을 세웠다.

Critical

Fácil de confundir

건의 vs 거의 (Geo-ui)

Similar sound.

거의 means 'almost' or 'nearly'. 건의 is a 'suggestion'.

거의 다 왔어요 (Almost arrived) vs 건의를 했어요 (Made a suggestion).

건의 vs 권의 (Gwon-ui)

Similar sound.

권의 is not a common word; you might be thinking of '권위' (authority) or '권리' (right).

그는 권위가 있다 (He has authority).

건의 vs 동의 (Dong-ui)

Both end in '의'.

동의 means 'agreement' or 'consent'. 건의 is a 'suggestion'.

제 의견에 동의하세요? (Do you agree with my opinion?)

건의 vs 결의 (Gyeol-ui)

Both involve formal decisions.

결의 is a 'resolution' or 'determination' made by a group. 건의 is just a 'proposal'.

우리는 파업을 결의했다 (We resolved to strike).

건의 vs 논의 (Non-ui)

Both involve discussion.

논의 is the 'discussion' or 'debate' itself. 건의 is the 'input' or 'suggestion' given to that discussion.

그 문제는 논의 중입니다 (That matter is under discussion).

Padrões de frases

A가 B에(게) C를 건의하다

학생이 학교에 개선을 건의했다.

C에 대한 건의 사항이 있다

서비스에 대한 건의 사항이 있습니다.

A의 건의를 수용하다/반영하다

회사는 직원의 건의를 수용했다.

C를 건의하는 바입니다

제도 개선을 건의하는 바입니다.

건의를 올리다/드리다

교수님께 건의를 드렸습니다.

건의가 잇따르다/쇄도하다

항의와 건의가 쇄도하고 있다.

건의를 묵살하다/외면하다

정부는 현장의 건의를 묵살했다.

건의의 실효성을 검토하다

해당 건의의 실효성을 면밀히 검토해야 한다.

Família de palavras

Substantivos

건의 (suggestion)

건의자 (suggester)

건의서 (written proposal)

건의함 (suggestion box)

건의문 (formal letter of suggestion)

Verbos

건의하다 (to suggest)

건의되다 (to be suggested)

건의드리다 (to suggest - honorific)

Relacionado

제안 (proposal)

의견 (opinion)

진정 (petition)

청원 (formal request)

요구 (demand)

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Como usar

frequency

High in professional, academic, and civic life.

Erros comuns

Using '건의' for casual suggestions. → 제안 (Je-an) or ~ㄹ까? (Shall we?)
건의 is strictly for formal or hierarchical situations. Using it with friends sounds like you are giving a formal speech.
Confusing '건의' with '거의' (almost). → 건의 (Geon-ui) vs 거의 (Geo-ui)
These sound similar but have completely different meanings. Pay attention to the first vowel: 'eo' vs 'eo'. Wait, they both have 'eo'. The difference is the 'n' (ㄴ) in 건의.
Using '건의' when you mean 'advice' (충고). → 충고 (Chung-go) or 조언 (Jo-eon)
Advice is usually given to a person. A '건의' is usually given to improve a system or organization.
Using the wrong particle with the recipient. → 사장님께 (To the boss) / 회사에 (To the company)
Use '께' for respected people and '에' for organizations. Using '에게' for a CEO can sound slightly less respectful.
Forgetting '하다' to make it a verb. → 건의하다 (To suggest)
건의 is a noun. To say 'I suggest', you must add the verb '하다'.

Dicas

Use '건의 사항' in Meetings

At the end of a meeting, if you have something to say, wait for the leader to ask for '건의 사항'. It's the most natural time to speak up.

Pair with '반영'

When your suggestion is used, say '제 건의가 반영되었어요' (My suggestion was reflected/incorporated). This is more natural than saying 'used'.

Softening your 건의

In Korea, being too direct can be seen as aggressive. Soften your suggestion by starting with '실례지만...' (Excuse me, but...) or '제 개인적인 생각으로는...' (In my personal opinion...).

Learn '건의함'

The 'ham' (함) in '건의함' means 'box'. You'll see this 'ham' in other words like '우편함' (mailbox) or '투표함' (ballot box).

The '건의문' Structure

A good '건의문' has three parts: 1. Current Situation, 2. Proposed Change (건의), 3. Expected Benefit. This structure is very persuasive in Korean culture.

Workplace Nuance

If you are a new employee, listen to how others make '건의' before doing it yourself. Observing the 'Nunchi' (social vibe) is key.

News Keywords

When you hear '건의' on the news, listen for the party involved. It's usually '노조' (union), '시민 단체' (civic group), or '전문가' (experts).

Humble Verb Form

Always use '건의 드립니다' instead of '건의합니다' when speaking to someone significantly higher in rank to show humility.

App Feedback

Look for the word '건의' in the 'Settings' or 'Help' section of Korean apps to find where you can give feedback.

The 'ui' sound

Don't stress over the 'ui' in '건의'. Pronouncing it as 'i' (ee) is perfectly acceptable and very common among native speakers.

Memorize

Mnemônico

Think of 'Gun' (건) and 'We' (의). You 'Gun' for a better future for 'We' by making a 'Geon-ui' (suggestion).

Associação visual

Imagine a person standing respectfully in front of a large wooden box (건의함) dropping a folded paper inside.

Word Web

건의함 (Box) 건의서 (Paper) 사장님 (Recipient) 개선 (Goal) 의견 (Content) 수용 (Acceptance) 반영 (Reflection) 회의 (Setting)

Desafio

Try to write three '건의 사항' (suggestions) for your current Korean class or workplace using the verb '건의하다'.

Origem da palavra

Derived from Hanja (Sino-Korean characters): 建 (건 - geon) meaning 'to build, establish, or set up' and 議 (의 - ui) meaning 'to discuss, consult, or opinion'.

Significado original: To establish or present a discussion or opinion for consideration.

Sino-Korean

Contexto cultural

When making a 건의, always use honorifics. Making a suggestion to a superior without using '건의' or '제안' and proper polite endings can be perceived as rude or demanding.

English speakers might find '건의' more formal than their usual 'suggestion'. In English, you might 'suggest' lunch, but in Korean, you '제안' lunch and '건의' a policy change.

국민신문고 (Gukmin Sinmungo) - The historical drum citizens beat to make a 건의 to the king, now the name of the online petition system. 마음의 편지 (Letter of the Heart) - The military's suggestion system featured in many dramas like 'D.P.' 건의함 - A common fixture in schools seen in teen K-dramas.

Pratique na vida real

Contextos reais

Office Meetings

건의 사항 있으십니까?
이 점을 건의하고 싶습니다.
건의를 검토해 보겠습니다.
적극적인 건의 부탁드립니다.

School/University

학생회에 건의하세요.
건의함에 넣어 주세요.
장학금 확대를 건의했다.
건의가 받아들여졌다.

Customer Service

불편 사항 및 건의.
소중한 건의 감사합니다.
건의를 남겨 주세요.
건의 게시판.

Government/Public Service

민원을 건의하다.
정책 건의서.
주민 건의 사항.
건의를 수렴하다.

Military

지휘관에게 건의하다.
건의 사항 보고.
부조리 건의.
건의가 묵살당했다.

Iniciadores de conversa

"혹시 회사에 건의하고 싶은 점이 있어요?"

"학교 생활에서 불편한 점이 있다면 어떻게 건의하는 게 좋을까요?"

"최근에 당신의 건의가 채택된 적이 있나요?"

"정부에 건의하고 싶은 사회 문제가 있습니까?"

"건의함에 의견을 남겨 본 적이 있나요?"

Temas para diário

내가 만약 우리 회사의 사장이라면, 직원들의 어떤 건의를 가장 먼저 들어줄 것인가?

우리 동네의 안전을 위해 구청에 건의하고 싶은 내용 세 가지를 써 보세요.

과거에 내가 했던 건의가 무시당했을 때의 기분과 그 이유에 대해 적어 보세요.

효과적인 건의를 하기 위해 필요한 태도와 준비는 무엇이라고 생각합니까?

학교 급식 메뉴에 대해 건의문을 작성해 보세요.

Perguntas frequentes

10 perguntas

No, it's too formal. If you use '건의' with friends, it sounds like you are treating them like a government institution. Use '제안' or just '~ㄹ까?' instead.

Not necessarily, but it is usually about making an improvement. It implies that the current situation could be better. You wouldn't '건의' that everything is perfect.

'건의' is a polite suggestion for consideration. '요구' is a direct demand. '건의' is much more respectful and likely to be received well in a Korean workplace.

You can find them in school hallways, office lobbies, or on the 'Customer Center' page of most Korean websites and apps.

You should say '건의 사항이 있습니다' (I have a suggestion/matter to suggest) or '건의 드리고 싶은 것이 있습니다'.

Yes, it is often a polite way to frame a complaint. Instead of saying 'The food is bad', you '건의' that 'the menu could be improved'.

Yes, it is very common in professional, academic, and news contexts. It is a 'Level B1' word, meaning it's essential for intermediate learners.

It means to collect, gather, or converge various suggestions into a single plan or decision. It's often used by leaders or organizations.

Yes, it comes from 建 (to build) and 議 (to discuss). Knowing the Hanja helps you understand related words like '회의' (meeting).

Yes, it is very appropriate. For example, '수업 시간에 대해 건의 드립니다' is a perfectly polite way to start a request about class time.

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