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A1 verb 10 min de leitura

rysować

Exemplos rysować em 30 segundos
Explicação rysować in your Level:
At the A1 level, 'rysować' is one of the first verbs you learn to describe hobbies and daily activities. You should focus on the present tense conjugation, especially the 'rysuję' form. At this stage, you use it to say what you or others are doing in the moment ('On rysuje dom') or what you like to do ('Lubię rysować'). You will mostly use it with simple nouns in the Accusative case like 'kwiat', 'dom', or 'słońce'. It is essential to recognize that this verb belongs to the -ować group, which transforms into -uję. This is a key building block for your Polish grammar foundation.
At the A2 level, you begin to expand the use of 'rysować' by adding instruments and locations. You should be comfortable saying 'rysuję ołówkiem' (Instrumental case) or 'rysuję na papierze' (Locative case). You also start to distinguish between 'rysować' (the process) and 'narysować' (the completed action). You might use it in the past tense to describe childhood ('Kiedy byłem mały, często rysowałem'). You will also encounter the word 'rysunek' (a drawing) and learn to use it in sentences alongside the verb. Your sentences become longer, incorporating adjectives and adverbs like 'ładnie' (nicely) or 'szybko' (quickly).
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By the B1 level, you use 'rysować' in more complex grammatical structures, including conditional moods ('Gdybym miał czas, rysowałbym więcej') and more varied prepositions. You start to understand the metaphorical uses of the word, such as 'rysować się w czarnych barwach' (to look bleak). You are also expected to know synonyms like 'szkicować' (to sketch) and when to use them instead of the general 'rysować'. You can describe artistic processes in detail and discuss the role of drawing in culture or education. Your ability to conjugate the verb in all tenses and moods should be near-automatic.
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At the B2 level, 'rysować' is used with high precision. You understand the nuances between 'rysować', 'kreślić', and 'ilustrować'. You can use the verb in professional contexts, such as describing architectural drafting or technical design. You are familiar with the passive voice ('Obrazek jest rysowany przez dziecko') and more advanced idiomatic expressions. You can debate the merits of different drawing styles and discuss the history of Polish graphic arts. You also handle the prefix variations of the verb, such as 'odrysować' (to trace) or 'podrysować' (to touch up), with ease.
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At the C1 level, you have a deep appreciation for the stylistic uses of 'rysować'. You can identify and use it in literary or academic contexts. You might encounter it in philosophical discussions about representation or in advanced art criticism. Your use of the word and its derivatives is fluid, and you can play with the language, using words like 'przerysować' (to overdraw/exaggerate) in both literal and metaphorical senses. You understand the historical etymology and how it relates to other Slavic languages. Your mastery allows you to express subtle differences in intent and technique through the choice of related verbs.
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At the C2 level, 'rysować' is just one tool in a vast linguistic arsenal. You use it with the intuition of a native speaker, catching all the subtle connotations and cultural references. You can interpret complex idioms and use the verb in sophisticated metaphors about life, politics, or science. Your command of the verb's aspectual pairs and all possible prefix combinations is perfect. You can write academic papers or professional critiques where 'rysować' and its family of words are used to describe complex visual phenomena or conceptual frameworks. The word is no longer a 'learning point' but a natural part of your expressive capability.
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Exemplos

rysować em 30 segundos

  • Rysować means 'to draw' using lines and tools like pencils.
  • It is an imperfective verb, focusing on the process of drawing.
  • The conjugation follows the -ować pattern (rysuję, rysujesz).
  • It is distinct from 'malować' (to paint) in Polish vocabulary.

The Polish verb rysować is a fundamental action word that every beginner learner must master. At its core, it refers to the act of creating an image, a design, or a representation on a surface—typically paper—using a tool that produces lines, such as a pencil, pen, charcoal, or crayon. Unlike the English word 'painting,' which specifically involves liquid pigments (covered by the Polish word malować), rysować is strictly about the linear process. Whether you are a child doodling in a notebook or an architect drafting a complex blueprint, you are engaging in the act of rysowanie.

Artistic Creation
This is the primary use case, referring to the hobby or profession of making art through lines. It implies a deliberate creative process.
Technical Drafting
Used in engineering or architecture to describe the creation of plans, maps, or technical diagrams where precision is required.
Metaphorical Outlining
Sometimes used to describe the emerging of a situation or the outlining of a plan in a conceptual sense, though less common than the physical act.

Moje dziecko uwielbia rysować zwierzęta w swoim nowym bloku rysunkowym.

Translation: My child loves to draw animals in their new sketchbook.

In everyday Polish life, you will hear this word in schools, art studios, and homes. It is an imperfective verb, meaning it describes the process or a habitual action. If you want to say you finished drawing something specific, you would switch to the perfective form narysować. Understanding this distinction is crucial for moving beyond the A1 level. The word carries a sense of innocence when applied to children, but also a sense of high skill when applied to masters of the craft. It is one of those 'building block' verbs that allows you to describe daily activities and hobbies with ease.

Architekt musi dokładnie rysować każdy szczegół planu budynku.

Culturally, drawing is highly valued in Poland, with a strong tradition of graphic arts and poster design. When you tell a Pole you are 'rysowaniem', they might ask if you use 'ołówkiem' (pencil) or 'węglem' (charcoal). The verb is also flexible enough to be used in digital contexts, such as drawing on a tablet. It remains a very active, physical verb that implies the movement of the hand across a surface.

Czy możesz rysować mapę, żebyśmy wiedzieli, jak tam dojechać?

Tools of the Trade
Ołówek (pencil), pióro (pen), kredka (crayon), węgiel (charcoal).

Oni często rysują w parku podczas słonecznych dni.

Using rysować correctly involves understanding its grammatical requirements, primarily the use of the Accusative case (Biernik) for the object being drawn. When you draw something, that 'something' must be in the accusative form. For example, 'rysować kwiat' (to draw a flower) uses the masculine inanimate accusative, which looks the same as the nominative, but 'rysować różę' (to draw a rose) changes the feminine ending. Furthermore, you often need to specify the instrument or the surface, using the Instrumental case or prepositional phrases.

Direct Objects (Accusative)
Co rysujesz? (What are you drawing?) Rysuję dom, drzewo, i słońce.
Instruments (Instrumental)
Czym rysujesz? (What are you drawing with?) Rysuję ołówkiem, kredkami, cienkopisem.

Lubię rysować portrety moich przyjaciół czarnym długopisem.

The conjugation of rysować is a classic example of the -ować verb group. The stem 'rys-' remains, but the suffix '-ować' transforms into '-uję', '-ujesz', '-uje', etc., in the present tense. This is a pattern you will see in many other common verbs like pracować (to work) or kupować (to buy). Mastery of this pattern is a major milestone for A1 students. In the past tense, it follows the standard gender-based endings: rysowałem (I drew, male), rysowałam (I drew, female), rysowaliśmy (we drew, virile).

Kiedy byłam mała, rysowałam po ścianach, co denerwowało moją mamę.

Prepositions also play a vital role. You draw 'na' (on) something, like 'na papierze' (on paper) or 'na tablicy' (on the board). You can also draw 'dla' (for) someone, which requires the Genitive case: 'Rysuję obrazek dla taty' (I am drawing a picture for dad). If you are drawing 'z' (from/with) something, like 'z pamięci' (from memory) or 'z natury' (from nature), these phrases add depth to your descriptions. The verb is versatile enough to describe both professional technical work and casual creative expression.

Uczniowie rysują figury geometryczne na lekcji matematyki.

Common Questions
Co lubisz rysować? (What do you like to draw?) Czy umiesz rysować? (Do you know how to draw?)

Nie umiem rysować ludzi, wolę rysować krajobrazy.

The word rysować is ubiquitous in Polish life, appearing in various social and professional settings. One of the most common places is the szkoła (school). From the earliest years of kindergarten (przedszkole) to high school art classes, teachers frequently instruct students to draw. You might hear: 'Dzieci, rysujemy dzisiaj jesienne liście' (Children, today we are drawing autumn leaves). It is a core part of the vocabulary for education and childhood development.

In the Home
Parents often ask their children: 'Co tam rysujesz?' (What are you drawing there?). It is a standard activity for keeping kids entertained.
Professional Settings
In design agencies or architectural firms, 'rysowanie' refers to the creation of drafts, wireframes, and technical specifications.

W galerii sztuki widzieliśmy artystę, który na żywo rysował karykatury przechodniów.

Another common context is hobby and leisure. With the rise of adult coloring books and 'urban sketching' movements in Polish cities like Kraków or Warsaw, you will hear people talking about their weekend plans involving drawing in a park or a cafe. Social media also plays a role; Polish artists on platforms like Instagram use the hashtag #rysuję or #rysowanie to showcase their work. You might hear a friend say, 'Muszę zacząć znowu rysować, to mnie uspokaja' (I need to start drawing again, it calms me down).

Projektant rysuje szkic nowej kolekcji ubrań na swoim tablecie graficznym.

In technical or scientific environments, rysować is used for making charts or graphs by hand, although 'tworzyć wykresy' (to create charts) is also common. In criminal investigations or news reports, you might hear about 'rysopis' (a physical description/sketch) of a suspect, which comes from the same root. The word also appears in idioms and metaphorical speech, such as 'rysować się w jasnych barwach' (to look promising/bright), referring to how a future situation is 'shaping up' or being 'drawn' in the mind's eye.

Przyszłość naszej firmy rysuje się w bardzo pozytywnych barwach.

Public Spaces
Street artists in tourist spots like the Main Square in Kraków often offer to 'rysować portrety' for visitors.

Nauczyciel geografii rysuje kontury Afryki na tablicy.

One of the most frequent errors English speakers make when using rysować is confusing it with malować. In English, 'to draw' and 'to paint' are distinct, but learners often use them interchangeably in Polish because both involve creating art. Remember: if you use a pencil, it is rysować; if you use a brush and wet paint, it is malować. Mixing these up can sound quite odd to a native speaker, especially in professional contexts.

Conjugation Errors
The '-ować' suffix is tricky. Beginners often say 'rysowam' instead of 'rysuję'. This is because they try to apply the '-am/-asz' conjugation pattern which doesn't apply here.
Aspect Confusion
Using 'rysować' when you mean 'to have finished drawing'. If you completed a drawing, you must use 'narysować'.

Mistake: Ja rysowam ładny obrazek.
Correct: Ja rysuję ładny obrazek.

Another mistake involves the case of the instrument. In English, we say 'draw WITH a pencil'. In Polish, you use the Instrumental case directly without a preposition ('ołówkiem'), or sometimes 'za pomocą' (with the help of). Using the preposition 'z' (with) here is a common calque from English that sounds like you are drawing accompanied by a pencil, rather than using it as a tool. For example, 'rysuję z ołówkiem' is incorrect; it should be 'rysuję ołówkiem'.

Mistake: On rysuje z kredką.
Correct: On rysuje kredką.

Lastly, watch out for the surface preposition. While 'na papierze' (on paper) is correct, learners sometimes use 'w' (in) by mistake. You draw 'na' a surface, never 'w' (inside) it, unless you are drawing inside a book ('w książce'), which refers to the location of the drawing rather than the surface itself. Being precise with these small words will significantly improve your fluency and make you sound more like a native speaker.

Nie wolno rysować po ławkach w szkole!

The 'Po' Preposition
When drawing 'all over' a surface (like a wall or a desk), Poles use the preposition 'po' plus the Locative case: 'rysować po ścianie'.

Zamiast słuchać wykładu, student rysował coś w swoim zeszycie.

While rysować is the most common word for drawing, Polish offers a variety of synonyms and related terms that can add nuance to your speech. Depending on the style, intent, or tool, you might choose a different verb. Understanding these alternatives will help you reach a B1 or B2 level of proficiency, where vocabulary precision becomes more important.

Szkicować (to sketch)
Used when the drawing is quick, preliminary, or lacks fine detail. It is often the first step before a full drawing or painting.
Kreślić (to draft/trace)
Usually refers to technical drawing, using rulers or compasses, or drawing very precise lines. It can also mean to cross out text.
Bazgrać / Gryzmolić (to doodle/scribble)
Informal and slightly negative terms for drawing messy, careless, or unintelligible shapes, often done out of boredom.

Artysta najpierw musi szkicować ogólny zarys, zanim zacznie rysować detale.

There is also the distinction between rysować and odrysowywać. The latter means 'to trace' or 'to copy a drawing' by following its lines. If you are copying something exactly from another source, odrysowywać is the more accurate term. In a more formal or artistic context, you might use portretować, which specifically means 'to portray' or 'to draw/paint a portrait' of someone. This word carries a weight of professional intent.

Dziecko zaczęło bazgrać po mojej ważnej notatce.

In technical fields, wykreślać is used for plotting points on a graph or drawing geometric constructions. This is a more specialized version of kreślić. When talking about digital art, you might hear renderować (to render) or projektować (to design), though rysować remains common for the actual act of using a stylus. Finally, don't forget ilustrować (to illustrate), which means drawing specifically to accompany text or a story.

Znany grafik będzie ilustrować nową książkę dla dzieci.

Register Differences
Neutral: Rysować. Informal: Bazgrać. Formal/Technical: Kreślić.

Inżynierowie muszą kreślić plany z ogromną precyzją.

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Exemplos por nível

1

Ja rysuję dom.

I am drawing a house.

First person singular present tense: rysuję.

2

Czy ty rysujesz?

Are you drawing?

Second person singular present tense: rysujesz.

3

Dziecko rysuje słońce.

The child is drawing a sun.

Third person singular present tense: rysuje.

4

My rysujemy w szkole.

We are drawing at school.

First person plural present tense: rysujemy.

5

Oni rysują kwiaty.

They are drawing flowers.

Third person plural present tense: rysują.

6

Lubię rysować.

I like to draw.

Infinitive form: rysować.

7

Co rysujesz?

What are you drawing?

Interrogative sentence with second person singular.

8

Ona rysuje bardzo ładnie.

She draws very nicely.

Adverb 'ładnie' modifying the verb.

1

Rysuję ołówkiem w zeszycie.

I am drawing with a pencil in a notebook.

Instrumental case: ołówkiem.

2

Wczoraj rysowałem portret.

Yesterday I was drawing a portrait.

Past tense masculine: rysowałem.

3

Moja siostra rysowała drzewo.

My sister was drawing a tree.

Past tense feminine: rysowała.

4

Będziemy rysować na lekcji.

We will be drawing during the lesson.

Future tense with infinitive.

5

Nie umiem rysować zwierząt.

I don't know how to draw animals.

Negative construction with 'umieć'.

6

Rysujcie teraz mapę!

Draw a map now!

Imperative plural: rysujcie.

7

Często rysuję przed snem.

I often draw before sleep.

Adverb of frequency: często.

8

On rysuje kredkami na ścianie.

He is drawing with crayons on the wall.

Preposition 'na' with Locative.

1

Gdybym miał czas, rysowałbym codziennie.

If I had time, I would draw every day.

Conditional mood: rysowałbym.

2

Zamiast pisać, student rysował schematy.

Instead of writing, the student was drawing diagrams.

Use of 'zamiast' with infinitive.

3

Widziałem ją, jak rysowała w parku.

I saw her as she was drawing in the park.

Subordinate clause with 'jak'.

4

Przestań rysować po moich dokumentach!

Stop drawing on my documents!

Imperative with 'przestań'.

5

Artysta rysuje z natury.

The artist draws from nature.

Phrase 'z natury' (from nature).

6

To dziecko ma talent do rysowania.

This child has a talent for drawing.

Gerund form: rysowania.

7

Rysuj, póki masz natchnienie.

Draw while you have inspiration.

Imperative singular: rysuj.

8

Sytuacja rysuje się w różowych barwach.

The situation looks promising (is drawn in pink colors).

Reflexive metaphorical use.

1

Architekt rysuje rzuty kondygnacji.

The architect is drawing floor plans.

Technical vocabulary: rzuty kondygnacji.

2

Rysowanie węglem wymaga wprawy.

Drawing with charcoal requires practice.

Gerund as a subject.

3

Ona rysuje karykatury polityków.

She draws caricatures of politicians.

Specific noun: karykatury.

4

Mogę ci narysować, o co mi chodzi.

I can draw for you what I mean.

Perfective aspect: narysować.

5

Rysowany przez niego portret był realistyczny.

The portrait drawn by him was realistic.

Passive participle: rysowany.

6

Nie przerywaj mi, kiedy rysuję.

Don't interrupt me when I am drawing.

Temporal clause with 'kiedy'.

7

Zawsze rysuję ołówkiem o twardości HB.

I always draw with an HB hardness pencil.

Technical detail: o twardości HB.

8

Jego twarz rysowała się na tle okna.

His face was outlined against the window.

Reflexive use for silhouettes.

1

Autor rysuje ponurą wizję przyszłości.

The author draws a grim vision of the future.

Metaphorical use in literature.

2

Warto rysować analogie między tymi faktami.

It is worth drawing analogies between these facts.

Abstract usage: rysować analogie.

3

Rysując, zapominam o całym świecie.

While drawing, I forget about the whole world.

Contemporary participle: rysując.

4

Ten styl rysowania jest charakterystyczny dla baroku.

This style of drawing is characteristic of the Baroque.

Art history context.

5

On potrafi rysować słowem.

He can draw with words (describe vividly).

Metaphorical phrase: rysować słowem.

6

Rysujmy dalej ten scenariusz.

Let's continue outlining this scenario.

First person plural imperative.

7

Z pasją rysowała każdy detal katedry.

With passion, she drew every detail of the cathedral.

Adverbial phrase: z pasją.

8

To, co rysujesz, jest bardzo sugestywne.

What you are drawing is very suggestive/evocative.

Advanced adjective: sugestywne.

1

W jego twórczości rysuje się pewna sprzeczność.

A certain contradiction is apparent in his work.

Advanced reflexive metaphorical use.

2

Rysowanie granic między nauką a magią jest trudne.

Drawing boundaries between science and magic is difficult.

Abstract boundary setting.

3

Eseista precyzyjnie rysuje tło historyczne.

The essayist precisely draws (outlines) the historical background.

Literary analysis context.

4

Nieustannie rysuję w myślach nowe projekty.

I constantly draw new projects in my thoughts.

Mental imagery: rysować w myślach.

5

Rysunek techniczny musi być rysowany zgodnie z normami.

A technical drawing must be drawn according to standards.

Passive voice with 'zgodnie z'.

6

Jego sylwetka wyraźnie rysowała się na horyzoncie.

His silhouette was clearly outlined on the horizon.

Visual description in high literature.

7

Można tu rysować paralelizmy z sytuacją obecną.

One can draw parallels with the current situation here.

Academic comparison: rysować paralelizmy.

8

Rysujmy, póki światło na to pozwala.

Let us draw as long as the light allows it.

Poetic imperative construction.

Sinônimos

szkicować kreślić bazgrać gryzmolić odrysowywać wyrysowywać portretować ilustrować

Antônimos

mazać ścierać gumować niszczyć

Colocações comuns

rysować ołówkiem
rysować portret
rysować mapę
rysować schemat
rysować węglem
rysować kredkami
rysować na papierze
rysować z pamięci
rysować karykatury
rysować pejzaż

Frases Comuns

Rysować coś odręcznie

— To draw something by hand without tools.

Rysuję ten plan odręcznie.

Rysować komuś coś

— To draw something for someone.

Narysuję ci pieska.

Rysować po czymś

— To draw all over a surface.

Nie rysuj po stole!

Rysować w myślach

— To imagine or visualize something.

Rysuję w myślach naszą przyszłość.

Rysować linię

— To draw a line (literally or figuratively).

Musisz rysować prostą linię.

Rysować figury

— To draw shapes.

Dzieci uczą się rysować figury.

Rysować karykaturę

— To draw a caricature.

Rysuje karykatury na jarmarku.

Rysować projekt

— To draw a design or project.

Inżynier rysuje nowy projekt.

Rysować plan

— To draw a plan.

Rysujemy plan wycieczki.

Rysować kontury

— To draw outlines.

Najpierw rysuję kontury.

Expressões idiomáticas

"Rysować się w czarnych barwach"

— To look bleak or pessimistic.

Przyszłość gospodarki rysuje się w czarnych barwach.

metaphorical
"Rysować się w jasnych barwach"

— To look promising or optimistic.

Nasze szanse rysują się w jasnych barwach.

metaphorical
"Rysować komuś perspektywy"

— To present someone with future possibilities.

Szef rysuje nam świetne perspektywy.

metaphorical
"Coś rysuje się na horyzoncie"

— Something is appearing or becoming likely in the future.

Nowy konflikt rysuje się na horyzoncie.

metaphorical
"Rysować słowem"

— To describe something very vividly.

Poeta potrafi rysować słowem.

literary
"Rysować obraz nędzy i rozpaczy"

— To describe a very sad or miserable situation.

Raport rysuje obraz nędzy i rozpaczy.

literary
"Rysować grubą kreską"

— To simplify something or to make a clear separation from the past.

Odcinamy się od przeszłości grubą kreską.

political/metaphorical
"Rysować się wyraźnie"

— To be clearly visible or apparent.

Różnice między nimi rysują si

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