战略 em 30 segundos
- 战略 (zhànlüè) means 'strategy'—a long-term, high-level plan for achieving major goals.
- It differs from 'tactics' (战术) which are specific, short-term actions.
- Commonly used in business (企业战略), politics (国家战略), and gaming.
- Key verbs include 制定 (formulate), 实施 (implement), and 调整 (adjust).
The term 战略 (zhànlüè) is a sophisticated noun in Chinese that translates directly to 'strategy.' At its core, it represents a high-level, long-term blueprint designed to achieve a fundamental objective. Unlike a simple plan, a 战略 involves the comprehensive coordination of resources, the anticipation of environmental shifts, and the calculated positioning of an entity—be it a nation, a corporation, or an individual—to gain a sustainable advantage. Historically rooted in military science, the word has evolved to permeate every facet of modern professional and academic discourse.
- Etymological Root
- The character 战 (zhàn) means war or battle, while 略 (lüè) signifies a plan, outline, or summary. Together, they literally mean 'the plan for the war.'
- Scope of Application
- While it started on the battlefield, it is now the standard term for corporate 'business strategy' (企业战略) and 'national policy' (国家战略).
- Temporal Aspect
- A 战略 is never short-term. It looks years or decades into the future, distinguishing it from 'tactics' (战术).
“在竞争激烈的市场中，清晰的战略是企业生存的关键。” (In a fiercely competitive market, a clear strategy is the key to a company's survival.)
To understand 战略, one must distinguish it from 计划 (jìhuà - plan). A plan is a list of steps; a strategy is the logic that determines those steps. For example, if your goal is to learn Chinese, your plan might be to study for an hour daily, but your strategy might be 'immersion-based learning to prioritize speaking over writing.' This distinction is vital for B1 learners moving into professional Chinese contexts.
我们需要制定一个新的全球发展战略。
- Macro Perspective
- Refers to the overall direction of a system.
- Resource Allocation
- Focuses on where to put money, time, and people.
Using 战略 correctly requires understanding its grammatical role as a noun and its common verbal partners. It is most frequently the object of verbs like 制定 (zhìdìng - to formulate), 实施 (shíshī - to implement), or 调整 (tiáozhěng - to adjust). Because it is a formal word, it rarely appears in casual slang but is ubiquitous in news, reports, and meetings.
- Verb + 战略
- 制定战略 (Formulate a strategy), 改变战略 (Change strategy), 优化战略 (Optimize strategy).
- 战略 + Noun
- 战略伙伴 (Strategic partner), 战略眼光 (Strategic vision), 战略重点 (Strategic focus).
为了实现长远目标，我们必须坚持可持续发展战略。
One of the most common mistakes is confusing 战略 with 战术 (zhànshù). Think of 战略 as the 'What' and 'Why,' and 战术 as the 'How.' If you are playing chess, your 战略 might be to control the center of the board, while your 战术 is the specific move of a knight to capture a pawn. In a Chinese sentence, if you are talking about small, immediate actions, use 战术 or 方法; if you are talking about the grand design, use 战略.
这家公司的成功归功于其前瞻性的战略布局。
- Adjective Modification
- Use words like 全球 (global), 长期 (long-term), or 竞争 (competitive) to modify it.
You will encounter 战略 in several key environments. Firstly, in the Business World: During annual reports, quarterly meetings, or press releases, CEOs will discuss the 'Corporate Strategy' (企业战略). If a company is merging with another, they might call it a 'Strategic Merger' (战略合并).
中方愿同各方加强战略沟通。
Secondly, in Politics and Diplomacy: News broadcasts like CCTV's Xinwen Lianbo frequently use terms like 'Comprehensive Strategic Partnership' (全面战略伙伴关系). This indicates the highest level of cooperation between two countries. Thirdly, in Gaming and Sports: In esports or sports commentary, analysts discuss the 'Team Strategy' (团队战略) to explain why a certain lineup was chosen.
- Academic Papers
- Found in management, international relations, and sociology journals.
- Job Interviews
- Interviewers might ask: '你对我们公司的未来战略有什么看法？' (What are your thoughts on our company's future strategy?)
The most frequent error for learners is Overuse in Low-Stakes Situations. Because the English word 'strategy' can sometimes be used casually (e.g., 'my strategy for the weekend'), learners often translate it directly into Chinese. However, 战略 carries a weight of 'grandeur.' Using it for minor tasks makes you sound like a military general planning a grocery trip.
Incorrect: 我去超市买菜的战略是先买水果。
Another mistake is Confusing 战略 with 策略 (cèlüè). While both mean strategy, 策略 is often more specific, tactical, or related to a particular method of handling a situation (like a 'negotiation strategy'). 战略 is the overarching umbrella. If you are talking about a specific trick or method, 策略 is usually better.
- Collocation Error
- Don't say '做战略' (do strategy). Use '制定' (formulate) or '规划' (plan/layout).
To master 战略, you must understand its synonyms and how they differ in nuance. The most common related words are 策略, 计划, and 战术.
- 策略 (cèlüè)
- Focuses on 'tactics' or 'policy' in a specific context. It is more flexible and less 'grand' than 战略. Example: 营销策略 (marketing strategy/tactic).
- 计划 (jìhuà)
- A simple 'plan' or 'schedule.' It is a list of things to do. A 战略 contains many 计划.
- 战术 (zhànshù)
- Tactics. The specific actions taken to fulfill the 战略. If 战略 is 'winning the war,' 战术 is 'winning the battle.'
- 方针 (fāngzhēn)
- Policy or guiding principle. Usually used by governments or large organizations to describe a general direction (e.g., 教育方针 - education policy).
虽然我们的战术失败了，但整体战略仍然是正确的。
In summary, use 战略 for the big picture, 策略 for the specific approach, and 战术 for the immediate action. Understanding these layers will make your Chinese sound much more professional and precise.
How Formal Is It?
Nível de dificuldade
Gramática essencial
Attributive 'de' (的) with nouns
Formal verb-object pairs
Abstract noun usage
Compound nouns in Chinese
Prepositional phrases with '在...上'
Exemplos por nível
这是一个好战略。
This is a good strategy.
Simple Subject + Verb + Object.
他的战略很大。
His strategy is very big.
Adjective describing the noun.
我们学习战略。
We study strategy.
Basic SVO structure.
公司需要战略。
The company needs a strategy.
Noun as an object.
这是什么战略？
What strategy is this?
Question form.
我没有战略。
I don't have a strategy.
Negative form with 没有.
游戏战略很重要。
Game strategy is very important.
Noun phrase as subject.
看，这是我的战略。
Look, this is my strategy.
Demonstrative pronoun.
我们要制定一个新的战略。
We need to formulate a new strategy.
Use of the verb 制定 (formulate).
这个战略非常聪明。
This strategy is very clever.
Adverb + Adjective modifying the noun.
老师教我们战略思考。
The teacher teaches us strategic thinking.
Strategic as an attributive.
他喜欢玩战略游戏。
He likes playing strategy games.
Compound noun 战略游戏.
为了赢，我们需要战略。
In order to win, we need a strategy.
Purpose clause with 为了.
这个公司的战略很成功。
This company's strategy is very successful.
Possessive structure with 的.
你明白这个战略吗？
Do you understand this strategy?
Interrogative with 吗.
他们改变了战略。
They changed the strategy.
Past action with 了.
企业战略决定了未来的方向。
Corporate strategy determines the future direction.
Strategic as a subject in a complex sentence.
我们需要调整我们的营销战略。
We need to adjust our marketing strategy.
Specific type of strategy: 营销战略.
这个战略具有长远意义。
This strategy has long-term significance.
Formal phrase 具有...意义.
他在会议上提出了新战略。
He proposed a new strategy at the meeting.
Prepositional phrase + Verb + Object.
战略和战术是不同的。
Strategy and tactics are different.
Comparison of two concepts.
我们要实施可持续发展战略。
We must implement a sustainable development strategy.
Complex object phrase.
没有战略，公司会迷失方向。
Without a strategy, the company will lose its way.
Conditional structure with 没有.
这种战略在目前很流行。
This kind of strategy is very popular at present.
Topic-comment structure.
两国建立了全面战略伙伴关系。
The two countries established a comprehensive strategic partnership.
High-level diplomatic terminology.
领导者必须具备战略眼光。
Leaders must possess strategic vision.
Abstract usage: 战略眼光.
这次收购是公司全球战略的一部分。
This acquisition is part of the company's global strategy.
Part-whole relationship.
我们必须在战略上保持主动。
We must maintain the initiative strategically.
Adverbial use: 在战略上.
该项目的战略重点是技术创新。
The strategic focus of the project is technological innovation.
Noun phrase: 战略重点.
由于战略失误，项目最终失败了。
Due to a strategic error, the project ultimately failed.
Causal structure with 由于.
我们需要重新评估目前的竞争战略。
We need to re-evaluate our current competitive strategy.
Multi-verb sequence: 重新评估...战略.
战略布局需要考虑到各种风险。
Strategic layout needs to take various risks into account.
Subject as a complex noun phrase.
这种战略收缩是为了更好的扩张。
This strategic contraction is for better expansion.
Sophisticated concept: 战略收缩.
地缘政治因素深刻影响着国家战略。
Geopolitical factors profoundly influence national strategy.
Abstract subject and formal verb 影响.
他在书中探讨了战略思维的本质。
He explored the essence of strategic thinking in the book.
Academic register.
企业的战略转型面临巨大挑战。
The company's strategic transformation faces huge challenges.
Noun phrase: 战略转型.
这不仅是战术问题，更是战略问题。
This is not just a tactical issue, but a strategic one.
Correlative conjunction 不仅...更是.
战略上的疏忽可能导致全局的溃败。
Strategic negligence can lead to an overall collapse.
Formal noun 疏忽 and 溃败.
我们需要在战略层面达成共识。
We need to reach a consensus at the strategic level.
Phrase: 战略层面 (strategic level).
他的决策体现了高超的战略智慧。
His decision reflects superb strategic wisdom.
Honorific/Formal phrasing.
大战略的研究需要跨学科的视野。
The study of Grand Strategy requires an interdisciplinary perspective.
Use of 大战略 (Grand Strategy).
该政策是国家安全战略的基石。
This policy is the cornerstone of the national security strategy.
Metaphorical use of 基石 (cornerstone).
在动态的市场中，战略柔性至关重要。
In a dynamic market, strategic flexibility is crucial.
Technical term: 战略柔性.
战略纵深是防守方的重要优势。
Strategic depth is a significant advantage for the defender.
Military/Geopolitical term: 战略纵深.
我们必须警惕战略透支的风险。
We must be wary of the risk of strategic overextension.
Formal warning: 警惕...风险.
这种战略博弈的结果难以预料。
The outcome of this strategic game theory is hard to predict.
Term: 战略博弈 (strategic game/gambit).
战略一致性是组织效能的保障。
Strategic alignment is the guarantee of organizational effectiveness.
Management theory terminology.
他深刻剖析了近代史上的战略误判。
He profoundly analyzed the strategic miscalculations in modern history.
Formal verb 剖析 (dissect/analyze).
Colocações comuns
Frases Comuns
Frequentemente confundido com
Expressões idiomáticas
Fácil de confundir
Tactics vs Strategy
Policy vs Strategy
Long-term planning vs Strategy
Short-term moves vs Long-term plan
Means/Methods vs Strategy
Padrões de frases
Como usar
战略 is more 'macro' than 策略.
Highly formal.
- Using it for very small, unimportant things.
- Confusing it with 战术 (tactics).
- Using '做' instead of '制定'.
- Forgetting the 'ü' sound in 'lüè'.
- Using it as a verb directly.
Dicas
Learn Collocations
Always learn 战略 with the verb 制定 (zhìdìng).
Business Chinese
This is a 'must-know' word for HSK 5 and business environments.
Strategy vs Tactics
Remember: Strategy is the 'Why', Tactics are the 'How'.
Sun Tzu
Reading about Sun Tzu will help you understand the depth of this word.
Noun as Modifier
You can put 战略 before another noun to make it 'strategic'.
Sound Professional
Use this word in meetings to show you are thinking about the future.
News Keywords
When you hear '战略', pay attention; a major policy is being discussed.
Formal Essays
Use this word to structure your arguments in formal Chinese writing.
Gamification
Play games like 'Civilization' in Chinese to see this word in action.
War Plan
Remember 战 (War) + 略 (Plan).
Memorize
Origem da palavra
Ancient Chinese military texts (e.g., Sun Tzu's Art of War).
Contexto cultural
Used frequently in 'Five-Year Plans' (五年计划) of the Chinese government.
Sun Tzu's Art of War is the ultimate source of Chinese strategic thought.
Pratique na vida real
Contextos reais
Iniciadores de conversa
"你对这个公司的战略有什么看法？"
"在学习汉语方面，你的战略是什么？"
"你认为战略眼光对领导者重要吗？"
"我们应该如何调整目前的竞争战略？"
"你最喜欢的战略游戏是什么？"
Temas para diário
写一写你未来五年的个人发展战略。
分析一个你认为非常成功的商业战略。
如果让你制定一个环保战略，你会怎么做？
讨论战略与战术在日常生活中的区别。
描述一次你因为缺乏战略而失败的经历。
Perguntas frequentes
10 perguntasYes, but it sounds very formal. Use it for 'Life Strategy' or 'Career Strategy' in a serious context.
战略 is the big picture (Strategy); 策略 is the specific method (Tactic/Policy).
No, it is now used mostly in business, politics, and sports.
战略合作伙伴 (zhànlüè hézuò huǒbàn).
制定 (formulate), 实施 (implement), 调整 (adjust), 优化 (optimize).
It is a noun, but can act as an adjective (attributive) before other nouns.
战略游戏 (zhànlüè yóuxì).
大战略 (dà zhànlüè).
Yes, for the team's overall approach to a season or a big match.
It's better to say '制定战略' or '规划战略'.
Teste-se 180 perguntas
/ 180 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
战略 is your 'North Star'—the overarching logic and long-term vision that guides all smaller plans and actions. Use it when discussing the 'big picture' in professional or formal settings.
- 战略 (zhànlüè) means 'strategy'—a long-term, high-level plan for achieving major goals.
- It differs from 'tactics' (战术) which are specific, short-term actions.
- Commonly used in business (企业战略), politics (国家战略), and gaming.
- Key verbs include 制定 (formulate), 实施 (implement), and 调整 (adjust).
Learn Collocations
Always learn 战略 with the verb 制定 (zhìdìng).
Business Chinese
This is a 'must-know' word for HSK 5 and business environments.
Strategy vs Tactics
Remember: Strategy is the 'Why', Tactics are the 'How'.
Sun Tzu
Reading about Sun Tzu will help you understand the depth of this word.
Exemplo
公司正在制定未来五年的发展战略。
Conteúdo relacionado
Mais palavras de business
本事
A2Skill; ability; capability.
相应地
B1Correspondentemente / em conformidade. Usado para mostrar que uma ação é proporcional a uma mudança anterior.
账号
A2Um número de conta ou nome de usuário usado para acessar serviços bancários ou online.
客户经理
A2Um gerente de contas que cuida do relacionamento com os clientes.
账户
B1A record of financial transactions for an individual or business, usually at a bank; or a user profile for a digital service.
会计
A2Um contador é alguém que cuida dos registros financeiros.
收购
B1Adquirir ou comprar uma empresa.
商业活动
A2Business activity.
广告费
A2Custos de publicidade. O dinheiro gasto em anúncios para atrair clientes.
调整
B1Precisamos ajustar nossa estratégia de marketing para o próximo trimestre.
